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<meta name="keywords" content="C1845151, disease or syndrome, glycogen storage disease caused by mutation in phka1, glycogen storage disease due to muscle phosphorylase kinase deficiency, glycogen storage disease ixd, glycogen storage disease type 9d, glycogen storage disease type 9e, glycogen storage disease type ixd, glycogen storage disease type ixe, glycogen storage disease, type ixd, glycogenosis due to muscle phosphorylase kinase deficiency, glycogenosis type 9d, glycogenosis type 9e, glycogenosis type ixd, glycogenosis type ixe, gsd due to muscle phosphorylase kinase deficiency, gsd ixd, gsd type 9d, gsd type 9e, gsd type ixd, gsd type ixe, gsd vb, gsd9d, muscle glycogenosis, x-linked, muscle glycogenosis, x-linked recessive, muscle phosphorylase kinase deficiency, muscular phosphorylase kinase deficiency, phka1, phka1 glycogen storage disease, phka1-related glycogen storage disease type ix, phka1-related phosphorylase kinase deficiency, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Phosphorylase kinase (PhK) deficiency causing glycogen storage disease type IX (GSD IX) results from deficiency of the enzyme phosphorylase b kinase, which has a major regulatory role in the breakdown of glycogen. The two types of PhK deficiency are liver PhK deficiency (characterized by early childhood onset of hepatomegaly and growth restriction, and often, but not always, fasting ketosis and hypoglycemia) and muscle PhK deficiency, which is considerably rarer (characterized by any of the following: exercise intolerance, myalgia, muscle cramps, myoglobinuria, and progressive muscle weakness). While symptoms and biochemical abnormalities of liver PhK deficiency were thought to improve with age, it is becoming evident that affected individuals need to be monitored for long-term complications such as liver fibrosis and cirrhosis." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<title>Glycogen storage disease IXd (Concept Id: C1845151)
- MedGen - NCBI</title>
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<!--
UID=335112
ConceptID=C1845151
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 2--><div class="ncbi_carousel" data-ncbicarousel-config="imageWidth:'100px',numItemsVisible:2,toggler:false"><div class="nc_header"><span class="img_strip_title">Images (2)</span></div><div class="nc_content"><div class="nc_item"><a class="figpopup"><img alt="Image from GeneReviews" src="/books/NBK55061/bin/gsd9-Image002.gif" src-large="/books/NBK55061/bin/gsd9-Image002.jpg" /></a><br /><a href="/books/NBK55061/figure/gsd9.F2/" title="GeneReviews" target="_blank">details</a></div><div class="nc_item"><a class="figpopup"><img alt="Image from GeneReviews" src="/books/NBK55061/bin/gsd9-Image001.gif" src-large="/books/NBK55061/bin/gsd9-Image001.jpg" /></a><br /><a href="/books/NBK55061/figure/gsd9.F1/" title="GeneReviews" target="_blank">details</a></div></div></div><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Glycogen storage disease IXd<span class="h1sub">(GSD9D)</span></div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>335112</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1845151</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
<td>GSD IXd; GSD9D; Muscle Phosphorylase Kinase Deficiency; PHKA1-Related Phosphorylase Kinase Deficiency</td></tr>
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
<td>Glycogen storage disease due to muscle phosphorylase kinase deficiency (819953000); Glycogen storage disease type 9D (819953000); Glycogen storage disease type IXd (819953000); Glycogenosis type 9D (819953000)</td></tr>
<tr><td>Modes of inheritance:</td>
<td>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="moi_141025"><div><strong>Autosomal recessive inheritance</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>141025</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0441748</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Intellectual Product</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Source: Orphanet</div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in individuals with two pathogenic alleles, either homozygotes (two copies of the same mutant allele) or compound heterozygotes (whereby each copy of a gene has a distinct mutant allele).</div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="moi_375779"><div><strong>X-linked recessive inheritance</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>375779</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1845977</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Source: Orphanet</div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A mode of inheritance that is observed for recessive traits related to a gene encoded on the X chromosome. In the context of medical genetics, X-linked recessive disorders manifest in males (who have one copy of the X chromosome and are thus hemizygotes), but generally not in female heterozygotes who have one mutant and one normal allele.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/375779">This record</a></div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#moi_141025" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autosomal recessive inheritance</a><span> (Orphanet)</span></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#moi_375779" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">X-linked recessive inheritance</a><span> (Orphanet)</span></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td><a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#target-gene-loc">Gene (location):<img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a><div class="display-none" id="target-gene-loc">
Gene(s) directly associated with<br />
this condition or phenotype.</div></td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="PHKA1 - ID: 5255 - NCBI Gene" href="/gene/5255" class="medgenPMinfo">PHKA1</a> (Xq13.1)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0010362" target="_blank">MONDO:0010362</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>OMIM<span class="superscript">®</span>:</td>
<td><a href="https://omim.org/entry/300559" target="_blank">300559</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Orphanet:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Orphanet: The portal for rare diseases and orphan drugs" href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&amp;Expert=715">ORPHA715</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="rprt-body jig-ncbiinpagenav" data-jigconfig="smoothScroll: false, gotoTopLink: true, gotoTopLinkText: '', gotoTopLinkAttrs: {'title': 'Go to the top of the page'},allHeadingLevels: ['h1'], topOfPageTOC: true, tocId: 'my-toc'"><div id="rprt-tabs-1" class="rprt-tab"><div id="tb-termsProp-1"><div class="leftCol mgCol"><div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_101">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Disease_characteristics">Disease characteristics</h1><a sid="101" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><div class="excerpt">Excerpted from the <i>GeneReview: </i><a href="/books/NBK55061" target="_blank">Phosphorylase Kinase Deficiency</a></div><div>Phosphorylase kinase (PhK) deficiency causing glycogen storage disease type IX (GSD IX) results from deficiency of the enzyme phosphorylase b kinase, which has a major regulatory role in the breakdown of glycogen. The two types of PhK deficiency are liver PhK deficiency (characterized by early childhood onset of hepatomegaly and growth restriction, and often, but not always, fasting ketosis and hypoglycemia) and muscle PhK deficiency, which is considerably rarer (characterized by any of the following: exercise intolerance, myalgia, muscle cramps, myoglobinuria, and progressive muscle weakness). While symptoms and biochemical abnormalities of liver PhK deficiency were thought to improve with age, it is becoming evident that affected individuals need to be monitored for long-term complications such as liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</div><div class="spaceAbove"><strong>Full text of <i>GeneReview</i> (by section):</strong><br /><a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK55061#gsd9.Summary" target="NBK55061">Summary</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK55061#gsd9.GeneReview_Scope" target="NBK55061">GeneReview Scope</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK55061#gsd9.Diagnosis" target="NBK55061">Diagnosis</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK55061#gsd9.Clinical_Characteristics" target="NBK55061">Clinical Characteristics</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK55061#gsd9.Genetically_Related_Allelic_Disorde" target="NBK55061">Genetically Related (Allelic) Disorders</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK55061#gsd9.Differential_Diagnosis" target="NBK55061">Differential Diagnosis</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK55061#gsd9.Management" target="NBK55061">Management</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK55061#gsd9.Genetic_Counseling" target="NBK55061">Genetic Counseling</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK55061#gsd9.Resources" target="NBK55061">Resources</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK55061#gsd9.Molecular_Genetics" target="NBK55061">Molecular Genetics</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK55061#gsd9.Chapter_Notes" target="NBK55061">Chapter Notes</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK55061#gsd9.References" target="NBK55061">References</a></div><div class="spaceAbove"><strong>Authors:</strong><br />
Mrudu Herbert  |  Jennifer L Goldstein  |  Catherine Rehder<i>, et. al.</i>   <a href="/books/NBK55061" target="NBK55061" title="NCBI Bookshelf: Phosphorylase Kinase Deficiency">view full author information</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_117">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Additional_descriptions">Additional descriptions</h1><a sid="117" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><div class="mgSection"><strong>From OMIM</strong><br />Glycogen storage disease IXd (GSD9D) is an X-linked recessive, relatively mild metabolic disorder characterized by variable exercise-induced muscle weakness or stiffness. Most patients have adult onset of symptoms, and some remain asymptomatic even in late adulthood. The phenotype is usually only apparent with intense exercise (summary by Preisler et al., 2012).&#13;
For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of GSD IX, see GSD9A (306000).  <a target="_blank" href="http://www.omim.org/entry/300559">http://www.omim.org/entry/300559</a></div><div class="mgSection"><strong>From MedlinePlus Genetics</strong><br />In a small number of people with GSD IX, the liver and muscles are both affected. These individuals develop a combination of the features described above, although the muscle problems are usually mild.<br /><br />GSD IX can affect muscle tissue, although this form of the condition is very rare and not well understood. The features of this form of the condition can appear anytime from childhood to adulthood. Affected individuals may experience fatigue, muscle pain, and cramps, especially during exercise (exercise intolerance). Most affected individuals have muscle weakness that worsens over time. GSD IX can cause myoglobinuria, which occurs when muscle tissue breaks down abnormally and releases a protein called myoglobin that is excreted in the urine. Myoglobinuria can cause the urine to be red or brown.<br /><br />When GSD IX affects the liver, the signs and symptoms typically begin in early childhood. The initial features are usually an enlarged liver (hepatomegaly) and slow growth. Affected children are often shorter than normal. During prolonged periods without food (fasting), affected individuals may have low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) or elevated levels of ketones in the blood (ketosis). Ketones are molecules produced during the breakdown of fats, which occurs when stored sugars are unavailable. Affected children may have delayed development of motor skills, such as sitting, standing, or walking, and some have mild muscle weakness. Puberty is delayed in some adolescents with GSD IX. In the form of the condition that affects the liver, the signs and symptoms usually improve with age. Typically, individuals catch up developmentally, and adults reach normal height. However, some affected individuals have a buildup of scar tissue (fibrosis) in the liver, which can rarely progress to irreversible liver disease (cirrhosis).<br /><br />Glycogen storage disease type IX (also known as GSD IX) is a condition caused by the inability to break down a complex sugar called glycogen. The different forms of the condition can affect glycogen breakdown in liver cells or muscle cells or sometimes both. A lack of glycogen breakdown interferes with the normal function of the affected tissue.  <a target="_blank" href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/glycogen-storage-disease-type-ix">https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/glycogen-storage-disease-type-ix</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_102">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_features">Clinical features</h1><a sid="102" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat"><strong>From HPO</strong><br />
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_603270"><div><strong>Exercise intolerance</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>603270</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0424551</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A functional motor deficit where individuals whose responses to the challenges of exercise fail to achieve levels considered normal for their age and gender.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/603270">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Exercise%20intolerance%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20603270%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_340638"><div><strong>Exercise-induced myalgia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>340638</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1850830</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The occurrence of an unusually high amount of muscle pain following exercise.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/340638">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Exercise-induced%20myalgia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20340638%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_337172"><div><strong>Exercise-induced myoglobinuria</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>337172</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1845155</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Presence of myoglobin in the urine following exercise.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/337172">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Exercise-induced%20myoglobinuria%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20337172%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_96534"><div><strong>Pelvic girdle muscle weakness</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>96534</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0427064</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Weakness of the muscles of the pelvic girdle (also known as the hip girdle), that is, lack of strength of the muscles around the pelvis.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/96534">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Pelvic%20girdle%20muscle%20weakness%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2096534%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_324478"><div><strong>Lower limb muscle weakness</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>324478</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1836296</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Weakness of the muscles of the legs.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/324478">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Lower%20limb%20muscle%20weakness%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20324478%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_57735"><div><strong>Muscle weakness</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>57735</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0151786</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Reduced strength of muscles.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/57735">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Muscle%20weakness%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2057735%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_140883"><div><strong>Distal muscle weakness</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>140883</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0427065</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Reduced strength of the musculature of the distal extremities.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/140883">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Distal%20muscle%20weakness%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20140883%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_892680"><div><strong>Muscular atrophy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>892680</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0541794</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Pathologic Function</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The presence of skeletal muscular atrophy (which is also known as amyotrophy).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/892680">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Muscular%20atrophy%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20892680%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_154367"><div><strong>Quadriceps muscle weakness</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>154367</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0577655</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Weakness of the quadriceps muscle (that is, of the muscle fasciculus of quadriceps femoris).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/154367">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Quadriceps%20muscle%20weakness%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20154367%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_338530"><div><strong>Distal amyotrophy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>338530</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1848736</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Muscular atrophy affecting muscles in the distal portions of the extremities.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/338530">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Distal%20amyotrophy%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20338530%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_376893"><div><strong>Muscle fiber necrosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>376893</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1850848</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Pathologic Function</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Abnormal cell death involving muscle fibers usually associated with break in, or absence of, muscle surface fiber membrane and resulting in irreversible damage to muscle fibers.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/376893">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Muscle%20fiber%20necrosis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20376893%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_343388"><div><strong>Exercise-induced muscle stiffness</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>343388</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1855579</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A type of muscle stiffness that occurs following physical exertion.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/343388">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Exercise-induced%20muscle%20stiffness%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20343388%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_6979"><div><strong>Hypoglycemia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>6979</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0020615</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A decreased concentration of glucose in the blood.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/6979">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hypoglycemia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%206979%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_69128"><div><strong>Elevated circulating creatine kinase concentration</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>69128</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0241005</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An elevation of the level of the enzyme creatine kinase (also known as creatine phosphokinase (CK; EC 2.7.3.2) in the blood. CK levels can be elevated in a number of clinical disorders such as myocardial infarction, rhabdomyolysis, and muscular dystrophy.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/69128">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Elevated%20circulating%20creatine%20kinase%20concentration%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2069128%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_409660"><div><strong>Increased muscle glycogen content</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>409660</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1968729</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An increased amount of glycogen in muscle tissue.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/409660">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Increased%20muscle%20glycogen%20content%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20409660%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_868175"><div><strong>Glycogen accumulation in muscle fiber lysosomes</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>868175</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4022567</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An increased amount of glycogen in muscle tissue found specifically in lysosomes.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/868175">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Glycogen%20accumulation%20in%20muscle%20fiber%20lysosomes%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20868175%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1863905"><div><strong>Reduced muscle phosphorylase kinase activity</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1863905</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5937030</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Activity of the enzyme muscle phosphorylase kinase (PhK) in muscle tissue below the lower limit of normal.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1863905">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Reduced%20muscle%20phosphorylase%20kinase%20activity%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201863905%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div><div class="TreeLite" data-jigconfig="closed: 1"><div class="concept-def"><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().openAll(); return false;">Show all</a><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().closeAll(); return false;">Hide all</a></div><ul><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of limbs</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_324478" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Lower limb muscle weakness</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_96534" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Pelvic girdle muscle weakness</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of metabolism/homeostasis</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_69128" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Elevated circulating creatine kinase concentration</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_868175" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Glycogen accumulation in muscle fiber lysosomes</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_6979" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypoglycemia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_409660" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Increased muscle glycogen content</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1863905" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Reduced muscle phosphorylase kinase activity</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the genitourinary system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_337172" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Exercise-induced myoglobinuria</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_338530" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Distal amyotrophy</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_140883" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Distal muscle weakness</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_343388" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Exercise-induced muscle stiffness</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_376893" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Muscle fiber necrosis</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_57735" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Muscle weakness</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_892680" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Muscular atrophy</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_154367" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Quadriceps muscle weakness</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Constitutional symptom</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_603270" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Exercise intolerance</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_340638" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Exercise-induced myalgia</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li><li><a href="#tabORDO">Orphanet</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0017919[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=6639">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=6639" ref="ncbi_uid=6639">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/6639" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=6639&amp;link_uid=6639" title="View MedGen record for 'Glycogen storage disease'">Glycogen storage disease</a></span><ul><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0268147[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=468559">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK55061/" ref="ncbi_uid=468559">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=468559" ref="ncbi_uid=468559">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/468559" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=468559&amp;link_uid=468559" title="View MedGen record for 'Glycogen phosphorylase kinase deficiency'">Glycogen phosphorylase kinase deficiency</a></span><ul><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C3694531[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=854172">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=854172" target="_blank" href="/omim/300798">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK55061/" ref="ncbi_uid=854172">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=854172" ref="ncbi_uid=854172">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/854172" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=854172&amp;link_uid=854172" title="View MedGen record for 'Glycogen storage disease IXa1'">Glycogen storage disease IXa1</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0543514[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=107772">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=107772" target="_blank" href="/omim/172490">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK55061/" ref="ncbi_uid=107772">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=107772" ref="ncbi_uid=107772">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/107772" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=107772&amp;link_uid=107772" title="View MedGen record for 'Glycogen storage disease IXb'">Glycogen storage disease IXb</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C2751643[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=442778">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=442778" target="_blank" href="/omim/172471">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK55061/" ref="ncbi_uid=442778">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=442778" ref="ncbi_uid=442778">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/442778" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=442778&amp;link_uid=442778" title="View MedGen record for 'Glycogen storage disease IXc'">Glycogen storage disease IXc</a></span></li><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1845151[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=335112">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=335112" target="_blank" href="/omim/300559">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK55061/" ref="ncbi_uid=335112">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=335112" ref="ncbi_uid=335112">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline">Glycogen storage disease IXd</span></li></ul></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C2931743[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=419152">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=419152" target="_blank" href="/omim/150000">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=419152" ref="ncbi_uid=419152">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/419152" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=419152&amp;link_uid=419152" title="View MedGen record for 'Glycogen storage disease due to lactate dehydrogenase M-subunit deficiency'">Glycogen storage disease due to lactate dehydrogenase M-subunit deficiency</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C2752027[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=442873">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=442873" target="_blank" href="/omim/131370">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=442873" ref="ncbi_uid=442873">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/442873" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=442873&amp;link_uid=442873" title="View MedGen record for 'Glycogen storage disease due to muscle beta-enolase deficiency'">Glycogen storage disease due to muscle beta-enolase deficiency</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0017922[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=6641">C</a></span><span class="chiclet Rcolor round" title="Research test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0017922[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Research" ref="ncbi_uid=6641">R</a></span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=6641" target="_blank" href="/omim/232400">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK26372/" ref="ncbi_uid=6641">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=6641" ref="ncbi_uid=6641">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/6641" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=6641&amp;link_uid=6641" title="View MedGen record for 'Glycogen storage disease type III'">Glycogen storage disease type III</a></span><ul><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1968739[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=369842">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=369842" target="_blank" href="/omim/232400">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=369842" ref="ncbi_uid=369842">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/369842" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=369842&amp;link_uid=369842" title="View MedGen record for 'Glycogen storage disease IIIa'">Glycogen storage disease IIIa</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1968740[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=369843">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=369843" target="_blank" href="/omim/232400">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=369843" ref="ncbi_uid=369843">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/369843" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=369843&amp;link_uid=369843" title="View MedGen record for 'Glycogen storage disease IIIb'">Glycogen storage disease IIIb</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=369844" target="_blank" href="/omim/232400">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=369844" ref="ncbi_uid=369844">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/369844" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=369844&amp;link_uid=369844" title="View MedGen record for 'Glycogen storage disease IIIc'">Glycogen storage disease IIIc</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=369845" target="_blank" href="/omim/232400">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/369845" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=369845&amp;link_uid=369845" title="View MedGen record for 'Glycogen storage disease IIId'">Glycogen storage disease IIId</a></span></li></ul></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0268149[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=120613">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=120613" target="_blank" href="/omim/261670">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=120613" ref="ncbi_uid=120613">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/120613" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=120613&amp;link_uid=120613" title="View MedGen record for 'Glycogen storage disease type X'">Glycogen storage disease type X</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C3150754[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=462104">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=462104" target="_blank" href="/omim/603942">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=462104" ref="ncbi_uid=462104">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/462104" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=462104&amp;link_uid=462104" title="View MedGen record for 'Glycogen storage disease XV'">Glycogen storage disease XV</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0017920[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=6640">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1312/" ref="ncbi_uid=6640">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=6640" ref="ncbi_uid=6640">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/6640" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=6640&amp;link_uid=6640" title="View MedGen record for 'Glycogen storage disease, type I'">Glycogen storage disease, type I</a></span><ul><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0268146[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=78644">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=78644" target="_blank" href="/omim/232220">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1312/" ref="ncbi_uid=78644">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=78644" ref="ncbi_uid=78644">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/78644" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=78644&amp;link_uid=78644" title="View MedGen record for 'Glucose-6-phosphate transport defect'">Glucose-6-phosphate transport defect</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C2919796[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=415885">C</a></span><span class="chiclet Rcolor round" title="Research test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C2919796[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Research&amp;redirect=true" ref="ncbi_uid=415885">R</a></span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=415885" target="_blank" href="/omim/232200">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1312/" ref="ncbi_uid=415885">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=415885" ref="ncbi_uid=415885">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/415885" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=415885&amp;link_uid=415885" title="View MedGen record for 'Glycogen storage disease due to glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency type IA'">Glycogen storage disease due to glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency type IA</a></span></li></ul></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0017921[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=5340">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=5340" target="_blank" href="/omim/232300">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1261/" ref="ncbi_uid=5340">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=5340" ref="ncbi_uid=5340">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/5340" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=5340&amp;link_uid=5340" title="View MedGen record for 'Glycogen storage disease, type II'">Glycogen storage disease, type II</a></span><ul><li class="TLclosed"><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/148252" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=148252&amp;link_uid=148252" title="View MedGen record for 'Glycogen storage disease type II, infantile'">Glycogen storage disease type II, infantile</a></span></li></ul></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0017923[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=6642">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=6642" target="_blank" href="/omim/232500">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK115333/" ref="ncbi_uid=6642">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=6642" ref="ncbi_uid=6642">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/6642" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=6642&amp;link_uid=6642" title="View MedGen record for 'Glycogen storage disease, type IV'">Glycogen storage disease, type IV</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0017924[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=5341">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=5341" target="_blank" href="/omim/232600">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1344/" ref="ncbi_uid=5341">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=5341" ref="ncbi_uid=5341">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/5341" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=5341&amp;link_uid=5341" title="View MedGen record for 'Glycogen storage disease, type V'">Glycogen storage disease, type V</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0017926[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=5342">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=5342" target="_blank" href="/omim/232800">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=5342" ref="ncbi_uid=5342">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/5342" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=5342&amp;link_uid=5342" title="View MedGen record for 'Glycogen storage disease, type VII'">Glycogen storage disease, type VII</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0272066[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=82895">C</a></span><span class="chiclet Rcolor round" title="Research test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0272066[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Research&amp;redirect=true" ref="ncbi_uid=82895">R</a></span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=82895" target="_blank" href="/omim/103850">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=82895" ref="ncbi_uid=82895">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/82895" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=82895&amp;link_uid=82895" title="View MedGen record for 'HNSHA due to aldolase A deficiency'">HNSHA due to aldolase A deficiency</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C2752015[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=414536">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=414536" target="_blank" href="/omim/171900">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1332/" ref="ncbi_uid=414536">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=414536" ref="ncbi_uid=414536">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/414536" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=414536&amp;link_uid=414536" title="View MedGen record for 'PGM1-congenital disorder of glycosylation'">PGM1-congenital disorder of glycosylation</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/317955" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Non-Neoplastic Disorder by Special Category">Non-Neoplastic Disorder by Special Category</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/44376" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Metabolic disease">Metabolic disease</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/472889" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Carbohydrate metabolism disease">Carbohydrate metabolism disease</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/2825" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Inborn carbohydrate metabolic disorder">Inborn carbohydrate metabolic disorder</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/6639" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Glycogen storage disease">Glycogen storage disease</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/468559" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Glycogen phosphorylase kinase deficiency">Glycogen phosphorylase kinase deficiency</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Glycogen storage disease IXd</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div id="tabORDO">Follow <a target="_blank" href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/Disease_Classif.php?lng=EN&amp;data_id=156&amp;PatId=677&amp;search=Disease_Classif_Simple&amp;new=1" class="ital bold">this link</a> to review classifications for <span class="ital">Glycogen storage disease IXd</span> in Orphanet.</div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38586167">A rare co-occurrence of phosphorylase kinase deficiency (GSD type IXd) and alpha-glycosidase deficiency (GSD Type II) in a 53-year-old man presenting with an atypical glycogen storage disease phenotype.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Picillo E,
Onore ME,
Passamano L,
Nigro V,
Politano L</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Acta Myol</span>
2024;43(1):21-26.
Epub 2024 Feb 21
doi: 10.36185/2532-1900-411.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38586167" target="_blank">38586167</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10997040" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33317799">Benign or not benign? Deep phenotyping of liver Glycogen Storage Disease IX.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Fernandes SA,
Cooper GE,
Gibson RA,
Kishnani PS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mol Genet Metab</span>
2020 Nov;131(3):299-305.
Epub 2020 Oct 10
doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2020.10.004.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33317799" target="_blank">33317799</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7953588" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32660786">An unusual case of recurrent episodes of muscle weakness: Co-occurrence of Andersen-Tawil syndrome and glycogen storage disease type IXd.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Li H,
Xue Y,
Yu J,
Guo S,
Liu C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neuromuscul Disord</span>
2020 Jul;30(7):562-565.
Epub 2020 Jun 12
doi: 10.1016/j.nmd.2020.06.006.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32660786" target="_blank">32660786</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Glycogen%20storage%20disease%20IXd%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (3)</a></div></div>
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