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<meta name="keywords" content="C1839606, finding, low molecular weight proteinuria, low-molecular-weight proteinuria, tubular proteinuria, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Excretion in urine of proteins of a size smaller than albumin (molecular weight 69 kD)." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Low-molecular-weight proteinuria</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>333360</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1839606</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonym:</td>
<td>Low molecular weight proteinuria</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0003126">HP:0003126</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">Excretion in urine of proteins of a size smaller than albumin (molecular weight 69 kD). [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="TLline">Low-molecular-weight proteinuria</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867444" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the urinary system">Abnormality of the urinary system</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869020" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the urinary system physiology">Abnormality of the urinary system physiology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871178" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of urine homeostasis">Abnormality of urine homeostasis</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1785188" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal urine metabolite level">Abnormal urine metabolite level</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1694967" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal urine protein level">Abnormal urine protein level</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/10976" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Proteinuria">Proteinuria</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Low-molecular-weight proteinuria</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_18145"><div><strong>Lowe syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>18145</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0028860</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Lowe syndrome (oculocerebrorenal syndrome) is characterized by involvement of the eyes, central nervous system, and kidneys. Dense congenital cataracts are found in all affected boys and infantile glaucoma in approximately 50%. All boys have impaired vision; corrected acuity is rarely better than 20/100. Generalized hypotonia is noted at birth and is of central (brain) origin. Deep tendon reflexes are usually absent. Hypotonia may slowly improve with age, but normal motor tone and strength are never achieved. Motor milestones are delayed. Almost all affected males have some degree of intellectual disability; 10%-25% function in the low-normal or borderline range, approximately 25% in the mild-to-moderate range, and 50%-65% in the severe-to-profound range of intellectual disability. Affected males have varying degrees of proximal renal tubular dysfunction of the Fanconi type, including low molecular-weight (LMW) proteinuria, aminoaciduria, bicarbonate wasting and renal tubular acidosis, phosphaturia with hypophosphatemia and renal rickets, hypercalciuria, sodium and potassium wasting, and polyuria. The features of symptomatic Fanconi syndrome do not usually become manifest until after the first few months of life, except for LMW proteinuria. Glomerulosclerosis associated with chronic tubular injury usually results in slowly progressive chronic renal failure and end-stage renal disease between the second and fourth decades of life.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/18145">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_96047"><div><strong>X-linked recessive nephrolithiasis with renal failure</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>96047</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0403720</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">X-linked recessive nephrolithiasis with renal failure (XRN) is a form of X-linked hypercalciuric nephrolithiasis, which comprises a group of disorders characterized by proximal renal tubular reabsorptive failure, hypercalciuria, nephrolithiasis, and renal insufficiency. These disorders have also been referred to as the 'Dent disease complex' (Scheinman, 1998; Gambaro et al., 2004). For a general discussion of Dent disease, see 300009.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/96047">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_333426"><div><strong>Proteinuria, low molecular weight, with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>333426</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1839874</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Low molecular weight proteinuria with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis is a form of X-linked hypercalciuric nephrocalcinosis, a group of disorders characterized by proximal renal tubular reabsorptive failure, hypercalciuria, nephrocalcinosis, and renal insufficiency. These disorders have also been referred to as the 'Dent disease complex' (Scheinman, 1998; Gambaro et al., 2004). For a general discussion of Dent disease, see 300009.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/333426">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_336867"><div><strong>Dent disease type 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>336867</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1845167</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Dent disease, an X-linked disorder of proximal renal tubular dysfunction, is characterized by low molecular weight (LMW) proteinuria, hypercalciuria, and at least one additional finding including nephrocalcinosis, nephrolithiasis, hematuria, hypophosphatemia, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and evidence of X-linked inheritance. Males younger than age ten years may manifest only LMW proteinuria and/or hypercalciuria, which are usually asymptomatic. Thirty to 80% of affected males develop end-stage renal disease (ESRD) between ages 30 and 50 years; in some instances ESRD does not develop until the sixth decade of life or later. The disease may also be accompanied by rickets or osteomalacia, growth restriction, and short stature. Disease severity can vary within the same family. Males with Dent disease 2 (caused by pathogenic variants in OCRL) may also have mild intellectual disability, cataracts, and/or elevated muscle enzymes. Due to random X-chromosome inactivation, some female carriers may manifest hypercalciuria and, rarely, renal calculi and moderate LMW proteinuria. Females rarely develop CKD.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/336867">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_335115"><div><strong>Hypophosphatemic rickets, X-linked recessive</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>335115</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1845168</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">X-linked recessive hypophosphatemic rickets (XLHRR) is a form of X-linked hypercalciuric nephrolithiasis, which comprises a group of disorders characterized by proximal renal tubular reabsorptive failure, hypercalciuria, nephrocalcinosis, and renal insufficiency. These disorders have also been referred to as the 'Dent disease complex' (Scheinman, 1998; Gambaro et al., 2004). For a general discussion of Dent disease, see 300009.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/335115">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_336322"><div><strong>Dent disease type 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>336322</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1848336</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Dent disease, an X-linked disorder of proximal renal tubular dysfunction, is characterized by low molecular weight (LMW) proteinuria, hypercalciuria, and at least one additional finding including nephrocalcinosis, nephrolithiasis, hematuria, hypophosphatemia, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and evidence of X-linked inheritance. Males younger than age ten years may manifest only LMW proteinuria and/or hypercalciuria, which are usually asymptomatic. Thirty to 80% of affected males develop end-stage renal disease (ESRD) between ages 30 and 50 years; in some instances ESRD does not develop until the sixth decade of life or later. The disease may also be accompanied by rickets or osteomalacia, growth restriction, and short stature. Disease severity can vary within the same family. Males with Dent disease 2 (caused by pathogenic variants in OCRL) may also have mild intellectual disability, cataracts, and/or elevated muscle enzymes. Due to random X-chromosome inactivation, some female carriers may manifest hypercalciuria and, rarely, renal calculi and moderate LMW proteinuria. Females rarely develop CKD.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/336322">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_419735"><div><strong>Nephropathic cystinosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>419735</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2931187</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Cystinosis comprises three allelic phenotypes: Nephropathic cystinosis in untreated children is characterized by renal Fanconi syndrome, poor growth, hypophosphatemic/calcipenic rickets, impaired glomerular function resulting in complete glomerular failure, and accumulation of cystine in almost all cells, leading to cellular dysfunction with tissue and organ impairment. The typical untreated child has short stature, rickets, and photophobia. Failure to thrive is generally noticed after approximately age six months; signs of renal tubular Fanconi syndrome (polyuria, polydipsia, dehydration, and acidosis) appear as early as age six months; corneal crystals can be present before age one year and are always present after age 16 months. Prior to the use of renal transplantation and cystine-depleting therapy, the life span in nephropathic cystinosis was no longer than ten years. With these interventions, affected individuals can survive at least into the mid-forties or fifties with satisfactory quality of life. Intermediate cystinosis is characterized by all the typical manifestations of nephropathic cystinosis, but onset is at a later age. Renal glomerular failure occurs in all untreated affected individuals, usually between ages 15 and 25 years. The non-nephropathic (ocular) form of cystinosis is characterized clinically only by photophobia resulting from corneal cystine crystal accumulation.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/419735">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_816430"><div><strong>Fanconi renotubular syndrome 3</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>816430</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3810100</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Fanconi renotubular syndrome-3 (FRTS3) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by rickets, impaired growth, glucosuria, generalized aminoaciduria, phosphaturia, metabolic acidosis, and low molecular weight proteinuria (summary by Klootwijk et al., 2014).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Fanconi renotubular syndrome, see FRTS1 (134600).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/816430">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1635492"><div><strong>Fanconi renotubular syndrome 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1635492</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4551503</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1635492">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_336322" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dent disease type 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_336867" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dent disease type 2</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1635492" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Fanconi renotubular syndrome 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_816430" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Fanconi renotubular syndrome 3</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_335115" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypophosphatemic rickets, X-linked recessive</a></div><div class="jig-moreless" data-jigconfig="class: 'moveDown', moreText: 'See full list (9)', lessText: 'Show less', nodeBefore: 0"><span id="clinMore">
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_18145" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Lowe syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_419735" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Nephropathic cystinosis</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_333426" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Proteinuria, low molecular weight, with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_96047" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">X-linked recessive nephrolithiasis with renal failure</a></div></span></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39125679">4-Phenylbutyric Acid Treatment Reduces Low-Molecular-Weight Proteinuria in a Clcn5 Knock-in Mouse Model for Dent Disease-1.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Perdomo-Ramírez A,
Ramos-Trujillo E,
Machado JD,
García-Nieto V,
Mura-Escorche G,
Claverie-Martin F;
RenalTube Group</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int J Mol Sci</span>
2024 Jul 25;25(15)
doi: 10.3390/ijms25158110.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/39125679" target="_blank">39125679</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC11311629" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/19076289">Phenotype and genotype of Dent's disease in three Chinese boys.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Li P,
Huang JP</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nephrology (Carlton)</span>
2009 Apr;14(2):139-42.
doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1797.2008.01057.x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/19076289" target="_blank">19076289</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/7618167">Health risk assessment of long-term exposure to non-genotoxic chemicals: application of biological indices.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lauwerys RR,
Bernard A,
Roels H,
Buchet JP</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Toxicol Lett</span>
1995 May;77(1-3):39-44.
doi: 10.1016/0378-4274(95)03269-x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/7618167" target="_blank">7618167</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22low-molecular-weight%20proteinuria%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (4)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36441012">Clinical and genetic characteristics of Dent's disease type 1 in Europe.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Burballa C,
Cantero-Recasens G,
Prikhodina L,
Lugani F,
Schlingmann K,
Ananin PV,
Besouw M,
Bockenhauer D,
Madariaga L,
Bertholet-Thomas A,
Taroni F,
Parolin M,
Conlon P,
Emma F,
Del Prete D,
Chauveau D,
Koster-Kamphuis L,
Fila M,
Pasini A,
Castro I,
Colussi G,
Gil M,
Mohidin B,
Wlodkowski T,
Schaefer F,
Ariceta G;
DENT study group</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nephrol Dial Transplant</span>
2023 May 31;38(6):1497-1507.
doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfac310.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36441012" target="_blank">36441012</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25907713">Mutation Update of the CLCN5 Gene Responsible for Dent Disease 1.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mansour-Hendili L,
Blanchard A,
Le Pottier N,
Roncelin I,
Lourdel S,
Treard C,
González W,
Vergara-Jaque A,
Morin G,
Colin E,
Holder-Espinasse M,
Bacchetta J,
Baudouin V,
Benoit S,
Bérard E,
Bourdat-Michel G,
Bouchireb K,
Burtey S,
Cailliez M,
Cardon G,
Cartery C,
Champion G,
Chauveau D,
Cochat P,
Dahan K,
De la Faille R,
Debray FG,
Dehoux L,
Deschenes G,
Desport E,
Devuyst O,
Dieguez S,
Emma F,
Fischbach M,
Fouque D,
Fourcade J,
François H,
Gilbert-Dussardier B,
Hannedouche T,
Houillier P,
Izzedine H,
Janner M,
Karras A,
Knebelmann B,
Lavocat MP,
Lemoine S,
Leroy V,
Loirat C,
Macher MA,
Martin-Coignard D,
Morin D,
Niaudet P,
Nivet H,
Nobili F,
Novo R,
Faivre L,
Rigothier C,
Roussey-Kesler G,
Salomon R,
Schleich A,
Sellier-Leclerc AL,
Soulami K,
Tiple A,
Ulinski T,
Vanhille P,
Van Regemorter N,
Jeunemaître X,
Vargas-Poussou R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Hum Mutat</span>
2015 Aug;36(8):743-52.
Epub 2015 Jun 11
doi: 10.1002/humu.22804.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25907713" target="_blank">25907713</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24368854">Drug-induced renal Fanconi syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hall AM,
Bass P,
Unwin RJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">QJM</span>
2014 Apr;107(4):261-9.
Epub 2013 Dec 24
doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hct258.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24368854" target="_blank">24368854</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/20049615">Proteinuria and events beyond the slit.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Nielsen R,
Christensen EI</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Nephrol</span>
2010 May;25(5):813-22.
Epub 2010 Jan 5
doi: 10.1007/s00467-009-1381-9.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/20049615" target="_blank">20049615</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/7618167">Health risk assessment of long-term exposure to non-genotoxic chemicals: application of biological indices.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lauwerys RR,
Bernard A,
Roels H,
Buchet JP</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Toxicol Lett</span>
1995 May;77(1-3):39-44.
doi: 10.1016/0378-4274(95)03269-x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/7618167" target="_blank">7618167</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Low-molecular-weight%20proteinuria%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (52)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36688942">Low molecular weight proteinuria, congenital myopia and hearing loss in a 10-year-old boy: Answers.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Li Q,
Yang Z,
Wang C,
Yu L,
Sun S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Nephrol</span>
2023 Aug;38(8):2587-2590.
Epub 2023 Jan 23
doi: 10.1007/s00467-023-05883-4.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36688942" target="_blank">36688942</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36688941">Low molecular weight proteinuria, congenital myopia and hearing loss in a 10-year-old boy: Questions.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Li Q,
Yang Z,
Wang C,
Yu L,
Sun S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Nephrol</span>
2023 Aug;38(8):2585.
Epub 2023 Jan 23
doi: 10.1007/s00467-023-05880-7.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36688941" target="_blank">36688941</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33015630">Making a Dent in Dent Disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Shipman KE,
Weisz OA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Function (Oxf)</span>
2020;1(2):zqaa017.
Epub 2020 Sep 11
doi: 10.1093/function/zqaa017.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33015630" target="_blank">33015630</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7519470" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30454742">Update on Dent Disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ehlayel AM,
Copelovitch L</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Clin North Am</span>
2019 Feb;66(1):169-178.
doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2018.09.003.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30454742" target="_blank">30454742</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/20946626">Dent's disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Devuyst O,
Thakker RV</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Orphanet J Rare Dis</span>
2010 Oct 14;5:28.
doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-5-28.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/20946626" target="_blank">20946626</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2964617" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Low-molecular-weight%20proteinuria%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (101)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39125679">4-Phenylbutyric Acid Treatment Reduces Low-Molecular-Weight Proteinuria in a Clcn5 Knock-in Mouse Model for Dent Disease-1.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Perdomo-Ramírez A,
Ramos-Trujillo E,
Machado JD,
García-Nieto V,
Mura-Escorche G,
Claverie-Martin F;
RenalTube Group</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int J Mol Sci</span>
2024 Jul 25;25(15)
doi: 10.3390/ijms25158110.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/39125679" target="_blank">39125679</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC11311629" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30852663">Prevalence of low molecular weight proteinuria and Dent disease 1 CLCN5 mutations in proteinuric cohorts.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Beara-Lasic L,
Cogal A,
Mara K,
Enders F,
Mehta RA,
Haskic Z,
Furth SL,
Trachtman H,
Scheinman SJ,
Milliner DS,
Goldfarb DS,
Harris PC,
Lieske JC;
investigators of the Rare Kidney Stone Consortium</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Nephrol</span>
2020 Apr;35(4):633-640.
Epub 2019 Mar 10
doi: 10.1007/s00467-019-04210-0.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30852663" target="_blank">30852663</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6736764" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30110261">Low Molecular Weight Proteinuria in Children with Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Salihu S,
Tosheska K,
Cekovska S,
Gucev Z,
Polenakovic M,
Tasic V</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pril (Makedon Akad Nauk Umet Odd Med Nauki)</span>
2018 Jul 1;39(1):91-95.
doi: 10.2478/prilozi-2018-0028.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30110261" target="_blank">30110261</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/7618167">Health risk assessment of long-term exposure to non-genotoxic chemicals: application of biological indices.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lauwerys RR,
Bernard A,
Roels H,
Buchet JP</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Toxicol Lett</span>
1995 May;77(1-3):39-44.
doi: 10.1016/0378-4274(95)03269-x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/7618167" target="_blank">7618167</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/6385135">Molecular basis of cadmium toxicity.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Nath R,
Prasad R,
Palinal VK,
Chopra RK</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Prog Food Nutr Sci</span>
1984;8(1-2):109-63.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/6385135" target="_blank">6385135</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Low-molecular-weight%20proteinuria%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (38)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32860533">Genetics and phenotypic heterogeneity of Dent disease: the dark side of the moon.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Gianesello L,
Del Prete D,
Anglani F,
Calò LA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Hum Genet</span>
2021 Mar;140(3):401-421.
Epub 2020 Aug 29
doi: 10.1007/s00439-020-02219-2.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32860533" target="_blank">32860533</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7889681" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27757584">Proteinuria in Dent disease: a review of the literature.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">van Berkel Y,
Ludwig M,
van Wijk JAE,
Bökenkamp A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Nephrol</span>
2017 Oct;32(10):1851-1859.
Epub 2016 Oct 18
doi: 10.1007/s00467-016-3499-x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27757584" target="_blank">27757584</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5579149" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24368854">Drug-induced renal Fanconi syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hall AM,
Bass P,
Unwin RJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">QJM</span>
2014 Apr;107(4):261-9.
Epub 2013 Dec 24
doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hct258.
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Devuyst O,
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Orphanet J Rare Dis</span>
2010 Oct 14;5:28.
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Roels H,
Buchet JP</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Toxicol Lett</span>
1995 May;77(1-3):39-44.
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Iijima K,
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2019 Nov;23(11):7132-7142.
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doi: 10.1111/jcmm.14590.
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Stephani U,
Kirschstein M,
Szelestei T,
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Kidney Dis</span>
2001 Mar;37(3):624-8.
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Toxicol Lett</span>
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