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<meta name="keywords" content="C1833683, ca oxalate kidney stone, ca oxalate nephrolithiasis, ca oxalate urolithiasis, ca2+ oxalate kidney stone, ca2+ oxalate nephrolithiasis, ca2+ oxalate urolithiasis, calcium oxalate kidney stones, calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis, calcium oxalate urolithiasis, disease or syndrome, nephrolithiasis, calcium oxalate, oxalate nephrolithiasis, urolithiasis, calcium oxalate, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Kleta (2006) reviewed aspects of renal stone disease. Nephrolithiasis and urolithiasis remain major public health problems of largely unknown cause. While disorders such as cystinuria (220100) and primary hyperoxaluria (see 259900) that have nephrolithiasis as a major feature have advanced understanding of the metabolic and physiologic processes of stone formation in general, they have not addressed the etiology of calcium oxalate stone formation, responsible for approximately 75% of urolithiasis cases in humans. Men are affected twice as often as women, but children show no such gender bias. The recurrence rate is also high. In populations of European ancestry, 5 to 10% of adults experience the painful precipitation of calcium oxalate in their urinary tracts.&#13; Thorleifsson et al. (2009) noted that between 35 and 65% of hypercalciuric stone formers and up to 70% of subjects with hypercalciuria have relatives with nephrolithiasis, and twin studies have estimated the heritability of kidney stones to be 56%.&#13; Genetic Heterogeneity of Calcium Oxalate Nephrolithiasis&#13; See also CAON2 (620374), caused by mutation in the OXGR1 gene (606922) on chromosome 13q32." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<title>Nephrolithiasis, calcium oxalate (Concept Id: C1833683)
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<!--
UID=318935
ConceptID=C1833683
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Nephrolithiasis, calcium oxalate</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>318935</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1833683</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonym:</td>
<td>Calcium oxalate urolithiasis</td></tr>
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
<td>Calcium oxalate urolithiasis (444717006)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td><a class="help" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#target-gene-related">Related genes:<img src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a><div id="target-gene-related" class="display-none">
Gene(s) associated with related conditions. For conditions<br />
in a hierarchy, the parent condition will list the genes<br />
associated with the children conditions.</div></td>
<td><a target="_blank" href="/gene/27199">OXGR1</a>, <a target="_blank" href="/gene/10861">SLC26A1</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0008672">HP:0008672</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0957318" target="_blank">MONDO:0957318</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>OMIM<span class="superscript">®</span>:</td>
<td><a href="https://omim.org/entry/167030" target="_blank">167030</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>OMIM<span class="superscript">®</span> Phenotypic series:</td>
<td><a href="https://omim.org/phenotypicSeries/PS167030" target="_blank">PS167030</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table></div><div class="rprt-body jig-ncbiinpagenav" data-jigconfig="smoothScroll: false, gotoTopLink: true, gotoTopLinkText: '', gotoTopLinkAttrs: {'title': 'Go to the top of the page'},allHeadingLevels: ['h1'], topOfPageTOC: true, tocId: 'my-toc'"><div id="rprt-tabs-1" class="rprt-tab"><div id="tb-termsProp-1"><div class="leftCol mgCol"><div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">Kleta (2006) reviewed aspects of renal stone disease. Nephrolithiasis and urolithiasis remain major public health problems of largely unknown cause. While disorders such as cystinuria (220100) and primary hyperoxaluria (see 259900) that have nephrolithiasis as a major feature have advanced understanding of the metabolic and physiologic processes of stone formation in general, they have not addressed the etiology of calcium oxalate stone formation, responsible for approximately 75% of urolithiasis cases in humans. Men are affected twice as often as women, but children show no such gender bias. The recurrence rate is also high. In populations of European ancestry, 5 to 10% of adults experience the painful precipitation of calcium oxalate in their urinary tracts.&#13; Thorleifsson et al. (2009) noted that between 35 and 65% of hypercalciuric stone formers and up to 70% of subjects with hypercalciuria have relatives with nephrolithiasis, and twin studies have estimated the heritability of kidney stones to be 56%.&#13; Genetic Heterogeneity of Calcium Oxalate Nephrolithiasis&#13; See also CAON2 (620374), caused by mutation in the OXGR1 gene (606922) on chromosome 13q32. [from <a title="Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man" href="http://www.omim.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">OMIM</a>]</div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1833683[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=318935">C</a></span><span class="chiclet Rcolor round" title="Research test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1833683[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Research&amp;redirect=true" ref="ncbi_uid=318935">R</a></span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=318935" target="_blank" href="/omim/167030">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=318935" ref="ncbi_uid=318935">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline">Nephrolithiasis, calcium oxalate</span><ul><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=1830325" target="_blank" href="/omim/167030">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=1830325" ref="ncbi_uid=1830325">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1830325" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=1830325&amp;link_uid=1830325" title="View MedGen record for 'Nephrolithiasis susceptibility caused by SLC26A1'">Nephrolithiasis susceptibility caused by SLC26A1</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=1841152" target="_blank" href="/omim/620374">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=1841152" ref="ncbi_uid=1841152">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1841152" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=1841152&amp;link_uid=1841152" title="View MedGen record for 'Nephrolithiasis, calcium oxalate, 2, with or without nephrocalcinosis'">Nephrolithiasis, calcium oxalate, 2, with or without nephrocalcinosis</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867444" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the urinary system">Abnormality of the urinary system</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869219" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the upper urinary tract">Abnormality of the upper urinary tract</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/78593" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the kidney">Abnormality of the kidney</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1633142" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal renal morphology">Abnormal renal morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/98227" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Nephrolithiasis">Nephrolithiasis</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/344578" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Calcium nephrolithiasis">Calcium nephrolithiasis</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Nephrolithiasis, calcium oxalate</span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1830325" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Nephrolithiasis susceptibility caused by SLC26A1">Nephrolithiasis susceptibility caused by SLC26A1</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1841152" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Nephrolithiasis, calcium oxalate, 2, with or without nephrocalcinosis">Nephrolithiasis, calcium oxalate, 2, with or without nephrocalcinosis</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_75658"><div><strong>Primary hyperoxaluria, type I</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>75658</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C0268164</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) is caused by deficiency of the liver peroxisomal enzyme alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT), which catalyzes the conversion of glyoxylate to glycine. When AGT activity is reduced or absent, glyoxylate is converted to oxalate, which cannot be metabolized and must be excreted by the kidneys. Insoluble calcium oxalate crystals form due to high urinary oxalate concentration. Urinary crystals aggregate, leading to nephrolithiasis (i.e., calcium oxalate kidney stones) in the renal pelvis / urinary tract; often the crystals deposit in kidney parenchyma (nephrocalcinosis). The age at presentation of PH1 ranges from infancy (age &lt;12 months) in 10% of individuals, childhood/adolescence (age 1-17 years) in 70%, and adulthood (age =18 years) in 20%. The natural history of untreated PH1 is (1) progressive decline in kidney function due to complications of nephrolithiasis (e.g., urinary obstruction, infection) and nephrocalcinosis, and (2) in persons with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD), high plasma oxalate concentrations result in other organ and tissue damage from calcium oxalate deposition (i.e., "oxalosis"), most commonly in the bones, heart, and retina. In the absence of treatment, progression of oxalosis results in death from kidney failure and/or other organ involvement.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/75658">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_120616"><div><strong>Primary hyperoxaluria, type II</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>120616</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0268165</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Primary hyperoxaluria type 2 (PH2), caused by deficiency of the enzyme glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase (GR/HPR), is characterized by recurrent nephrolithiasis (deposition of calcium oxalate in the renal pelvis / urinary tract), nephrocalcinosis (deposition of calcium oxalate in the renal parenchyma), and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). After ESKD, oxalosis (widespread tissue deposition of calcium oxalate) usually develops. Symptom onset is typically in childhood.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/120616">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_82814"><div><strong>5-Oxoprolinase deficiency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>82814</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0268525</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">5-Oxoprolinuria can be caused by genetic defects in either of 2 enzymes involved in the gamma-glutamyl cycle of glutathione metabolism: glutathione synthetase (GSS; 601002) or 5-oxoprolinase (OPLAH; 614243). GSS deficiency (266130) is best characterized as an inborn error of glutathione metabolism, but there is debate as to whether OPLAH deficiency represents a disorder or simply a biochemical condition with no adverse clinical effects because patients lack a consistent clinical picture apart from 5-oxoprolinuria (summary by Calpena et al., 2013).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/82814">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_137974"><div><strong>Familial idiopathic hypercalciuria</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>137974</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0342639</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/137974">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_107456"><div><strong>Hyperglycinuria</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>107456</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0543541</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The imino acids, proline and hydroxyproline, share a renal tubular reabsorptive mechanism with glycine. Iminoglycinuria (IG; 242600), a benign inborn error of amino acid transport, is also a normal finding in neonates and infants under 6 months of age (Chesney, 2001). Early studies of families with iminoglycinuria suggested genetic complexity, with homozygotes developing IG and heterozygotes manifesting only hyperglycinuria (HG) (summary by Broer et al., 2008).&#13; A phenotype of combined glucosuria and glycinuria has been described (see 138070).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/107456">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_462228"><div><strong>Primary hyperoxaluria type 3</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>462228</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3150878</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Primary hyperoxaluria is an autosomal recessive disorder of glyoxylate metabolism that results in excessive endogenous oxalate synthesis and the formation of calcium oxalate kidney stones. Progressive renal inflammation and interstitial fibrosis from advanced nephrocalcinosis, recurrent urolithiasis, and urinary tract infections can cause reduced renal function, systemic oxalate deposition, and end-stage renal failure. Compared to hyperoxaluria type I (HP1; 259900) and type II (HP2; 260000), HP3 appears to be the least severe, with good preservation of kidney function in most patients. The typical clinical characteristic is early onset of recurrent urolithiasis, but less active stone formation later (summary by Wang et al., 2015).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of primary hyperoxaluria, see 259900.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/462228">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_812742"><div><strong>Macrocephaly/megalencephaly syndrome, autosomal recessive</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>812742</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3806412</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Macrocephaly refers to an abnormally enlarged head inclusive of the scalp, cranial bones, and intracranial contents. Macrocephaly may be due to megalencephaly (true enlargement of the brain parenchyma), and the 2 terms are often used interchangeably in the genetic literature (reviews by Olney, 2007 and Williams et al., 2008). Autosomal recessive macrocephaly/megalencephaly syndrome is characterized by an enlarged cranium apparent at birth or in early childhood. Affected individuals have intellectual disability and may have dysmorphic facial features resulting from the macrocephaly (summary by Alfaiz et al., 2014).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/812742">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1830325"><div><strong>Nephrolithiasis susceptibility caused by SLC26A1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1830325</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5779632</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1830325">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_82814" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">5-Oxoprolinase deficiency</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_137974" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Familial idiopathic hypercalciuria</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_107456" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hyperglycinuria</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_812742" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Macrocephaly/megalencephaly syndrome, autosomal recessive</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1830325" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Nephrolithiasis susceptibility caused by SLC26A1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_462228" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Primary hyperoxaluria type 3</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_75658" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Primary hyperoxaluria, type I</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_120616" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Primary hyperoxaluria, type II</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/15499203">Medical management of urinary stone disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Pak CY</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nephron Clin Pract</span>
2004;98(2):c49-53.
doi: 10.1159/000080252.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/15499203" target="_blank">15499203</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/9554332">Insights into the pathophysiology and treatment of patients with calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Assimos DG</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Urol</span>
1998 May;159(5):1457-8.
doi: 10.1097/00005392-199805000-00009.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/9554332" target="_blank">9554332</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/7671093">Diagnosis and treatment of calcium kidney stones.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Klugman V,
Favus MJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Adv Endocrinol Metab</span>
1995;6:117-42.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/7671093" target="_blank">7671093</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22nephrolithiasis%2C%20calcium%20oxalate%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (8)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37198517">Correlation between sKL and Nrf2 plasma levels and calcium oxalate urolithiasis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Aihemaitijiang B,
Ruotian L,
Qi Y,
Mahemuti M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int Urol Nephrol</span>
2023 Jul;55(7):1671-1676.
Epub 2023 May 17
doi: 10.1007/s11255-023-03615-z.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37198517" target="_blank">37198517</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36907445">Ferroptosis in calcium oxalate kidney stone formation and the possible regulatory mechanism of ANKRD1.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Zhao J,
Wu Y,
Zhou K,
Huang M,
Sun Y,
Kang J,
Su Q,
Zhao Y,
Liu Q,
Li C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res</span>
2023 Jun;1870(5):119452.
Epub 2023 Mar 11
doi: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119452.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36907445" target="_blank">36907445</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32314397">Antiurolithiatic effects of pentacyclic triterpenes: The distance traveled from therapeutic aspects.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lobine D,
Ahmed S,
Aschner M,
Khan H,
Mirzaei H,
Mahomoodally MF</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Drug Dev Res</span>
2020 Sep;81(6):671-684.
Epub 2020 Apr 20
doi: 10.1002/ddr.21670.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32314397" target="_blank">32314397</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32093202">Calcium Oxalate Nephrolithiasis and Gut Microbiota: Not just a Gut-Kidney Axis. A Nutritional Perspective.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ticinesi A,
Nouvenne A,
Chiussi G,
Castaldo G,
Guerra A,
Meschi T</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nutrients</span>
2020 Feb 20;12(2)
doi: 10.3390/nu12020548.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32093202" target="_blank">32093202</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7071363" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28361470">Pathogenesis of calcium oxalate urinary stone disease: species comparison of humans, dogs, and cats.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">O'Kell AL,
Grant DC,
Khan SR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Urolithiasis</span>
2017 Aug;45(4):329-336.
Epub 2017 Mar 30
doi: 10.1007/s00240-017-0978-x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28361470" target="_blank">28361470</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5511574" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Nephrolithiasis%2C%20calcium%20oxalate%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (42)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37198517">Correlation between sKL and Nrf2 plasma levels and calcium oxalate urolithiasis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Aihemaitijiang B,
Ruotian L,
Qi Y,
Mahemuti M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int Urol Nephrol</span>
2023 Jul;55(7):1671-1676.
Epub 2023 May 17
doi: 10.1007/s11255-023-03615-z.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37198517" target="_blank">37198517</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35053400">Probiotics in the Prevention of the Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wigner P,
Bijak M,
Saluk-Bijak J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cells</span>
2022 Jan 14;11(2)
doi: 10.3390/cells11020284.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35053400" target="_blank">35053400</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8773937" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32887293">Dietary Oxalate Intake and Kidney Outcomes.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bargagli M,
Tio MC,
Waikar SS,
Ferraro PM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nutrients</span>
2020 Sep 2;12(9)
doi: 10.3390/nu12092673.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32887293" target="_blank">32887293</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7551439" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27815184">The primary hyperoxalurias: A practical approach to diagnosis and treatment.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hulton SA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int J Surg</span>
2016 Dec;36(Pt D):649-654.
Epub 2016 Nov 1
doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2016.10.039.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27815184" target="_blank">27815184</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24687403">Treatment of calcium nephrolithiasis in the patient with hyperuricosuria.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Arowojolu O,
Goldfarb DS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Nephrol</span>
2014 Dec;27(6):601-5.
Epub 2014 Apr 1
doi: 10.1007/s40620-014-0084-x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24687403" target="_blank">24687403</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4514566" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Nephrolithiasis%2C%20calcium%20oxalate%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (26)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35053400">Probiotics in the Prevention of the Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wigner P,
Bijak M,
Saluk-Bijak J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cells</span>
2022 Jan 14;11(2)
doi: 10.3390/cells11020284.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35053400" target="_blank">35053400</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8773937" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32887293">Dietary Oxalate Intake and Kidney Outcomes.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bargagli M,
Tio MC,
Waikar SS,
Ferraro PM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nutrients</span>
2020 Sep 2;12(9)
doi: 10.3390/nu12092673.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32887293" target="_blank">32887293</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7551439" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32314397">Antiurolithiatic effects of pentacyclic triterpenes: The distance traveled from therapeutic aspects.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lobine D,
Ahmed S,
Aschner M,
Khan H,
Mirzaei H,
Mahomoodally MF</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Drug Dev Res</span>
2020 Sep;81(6):671-684.
Epub 2020 Apr 20
doi: 10.1002/ddr.21670.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32314397" target="_blank">32314397</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32093202">Calcium Oxalate Nephrolithiasis and Gut Microbiota: Not just a Gut-Kidney Axis. A Nutritional Perspective.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ticinesi A,
Nouvenne A,
Chiussi G,
Castaldo G,
Guerra A,
Meschi T</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nutrients</span>
2020 Feb 20;12(2)
doi: 10.3390/nu12020548.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32093202" target="_blank">32093202</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7071363" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24687403">Treatment of calcium nephrolithiasis in the patient with hyperuricosuria.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Arowojolu O,
Goldfarb DS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Nephrol</span>
2014 Dec;27(6):601-5.
Epub 2014 Apr 1
doi: 10.1007/s40620-014-0084-x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24687403" target="_blank">24687403</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4514566" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Nephrolithiasis%2C%20calcium%20oxalate%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (28)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37198517">Correlation between sKL and Nrf2 plasma levels and calcium oxalate urolithiasis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Aihemaitijiang B,
Ruotian L,
Qi Y,
Mahemuti M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int Urol Nephrol</span>
2023 Jul;55(7):1671-1676.
Epub 2023 May 17
doi: 10.1007/s11255-023-03615-z.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37198517" target="_blank">37198517</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37093310">Hormonal and molecular characterization of calcium oxalate stone formers predicting occurrence and recurrence.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Elshal AM,
Shamshoun H,
Awadalla A,
Elbaz R,
Ahmed AE,
El-Khawaga OY,
Shokeir AA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Urolithiasis</span>
2023 Apr 24;51(1):76.
doi: 10.1007/s00240-023-01440-8.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37093310" target="_blank">37093310</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10125924" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36571463">OXGR1 is a candidate disease gene for human calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Majmundar AJ,
Widmeier E,
Heneghan JF,
Daga A,
Wu CW,
Buerger F,
Hugo H,
Ullah I,
Amar A,
Ottlewski I,
Braun DA,
Jobst-Schwan T,
Lawson JA,
Zahoor MY,
Rodig NM,
Tasic V,
Nelson CP,
Khaliq S,
Schönauer R,
Halbritter J,
Sayer JA,
Fathy HM,
Baum MA,
Shril S,
Mane S,
Alper SL,
Hildebrandt F</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Genet Med</span>
2023 Mar;25(3):100351.
Epub 2022 Dec 6
doi: 10.1016/j.gim.2022.11.019.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36571463" target="_blank">36571463</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9992313" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35115415">Dominant negative mutation in oxalate transporter SLC26A6 associated with enteric hyperoxaluria and nephrolithiasis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cornière N,
Thomson RB,
Thauvin S,
Villoutreix BO,
Karp S,
Dynia DW,
Burlein S,
Brinkmann L,
Badreddine A,
Dechaume A,
Derhourhi M,
Durand E,
Vaillant E,
Froguel P,
Chambrey R,
Aronson PS,
Bonnefond A,
Eladari D</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Med Genet</span>
2022 Nov;59(11):1035-1043.
Epub 2022 Feb 3
doi: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2021-108256.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35115415" target="_blank">35115415</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9346097" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27377084">Metabolic assessment of recurrent and first renal calcium oxalate stone formers.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Çakıroğlu B,
Eyyupoğlu E,
Hazar AI,
Uyanik BS,
Nuhoğlu B</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Arch Ital Urol Androl</span>
2016 Jul 4;88(2):101-5.
doi: 10.4081/aiua.2016.2.101.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27377084" target="_blank">27377084</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Nephrolithiasis%2C%20calcium%20oxalate%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (10)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37198517">Correlation between sKL and Nrf2 plasma levels and calcium oxalate urolithiasis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Aihemaitijiang B,
Ruotian L,
Qi Y,
Mahemuti M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int Urol Nephrol</span>
2023 Jul;55(7):1671-1676.
Epub 2023 May 17
doi: 10.1007/s11255-023-03615-z.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37198517" target="_blank">37198517</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37093310">Hormonal and molecular characterization of calcium oxalate stone formers predicting occurrence and recurrence.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Elshal AM,
Shamshoun H,
Awadalla A,
Elbaz R,
Ahmed AE,
El-Khawaga OY,
Shokeir AA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Urolithiasis</span>
2023 Apr 24;51(1):76.
doi: 10.1007/s00240-023-01440-8.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37093310" target="_blank">37093310</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10125924" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36571463">OXGR1 is a candidate disease gene for human calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Majmundar AJ,
Widmeier E,
Heneghan JF,
Daga A,
Wu CW,
Buerger F,
Hugo H,
Ullah I,
Amar A,
Ottlewski I,
Braun DA,
Jobst-Schwan T,
Lawson JA,
Zahoor MY,
Rodig NM,
Tasic V,
Nelson CP,
Khaliq S,
Schönauer R,
Halbritter J,
Sayer JA,
Fathy HM,
Baum MA,
Shril S,
Mane S,
Alper SL,
Hildebrandt F</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Genet Med</span>
2023 Mar;25(3):100351.
Epub 2022 Dec 6
doi: 10.1016/j.gim.2022.11.019.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36571463" target="_blank">36571463</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9992313" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36180755">Comparison of cat and human calcium oxalate monohydrate kidney stone matrix proteomes.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wesson JA,
Zenka R,
Lulich J,
Eisenhauer J,
Davis C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Urolithiasis</span>
2022 Dec;50(6):653-664.
Epub 2022 Sep 30
doi: 10.1007/s00240-022-01363-w.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36180755" target="_blank">36180755</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10173728" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24687403">Treatment of calcium nephrolithiasis in the patient with hyperuricosuria.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Arowojolu O,
Goldfarb DS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Nephrol</span>
2014 Dec;27(6):601-5.
Epub 2014 Apr 1
doi: 10.1007/s40620-014-0084-x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24687403" target="_blank">24687403</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4514566" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Nephrolithiasis%2C%20calcium%20oxalate%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (18)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_systematic_reviews">Recent systematic reviews</h1><a sid="104" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35154136">Role of ROS-Induced NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in the Formation of Calcium Oxalate Nephrolithiasis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Liu Y,
Sun Y,
Kang J,
He Z,
Liu Q,
Wu J,
Li D,
Wang X,
Tao Z,
Guan X,
She W,
Xu H,
Deng Y</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Front Immunol</span>
2022;13:818625.
Epub 2022 Jan 27
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.818625.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35154136" target="_blank">35154136</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8828488" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34108970">Macrophage Function in Calcium Oxalate Kidney Stone Formation: A Systematic Review of Literature.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Taguchi K,
Okada A,
Unno R,
Hamamoto S,
Yasui T</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Front Immunol</span>
2021;12:673690.
Epub 2021 May 24
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.673690.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34108970" target="_blank">34108970</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8182056" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33484322">Antiurolithic effects of medicinal plants: results of in vivo studies in rat models of calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis-a systematic review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Khan A,
Bashir S,
Khan SR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Urolithiasis</span>
2021 Apr;49(2):95-122.
Epub 2021 Jan 23
doi: 10.1007/s00240-020-01236-0.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33484322" target="_blank">33484322</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24519664">Dietary interventions for preventing complications in idiopathic hypercalciuria.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Escribano J,
Balaguer A,
Roqué i Figuls M,
Feliu A,
Ferre N</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cochrane Database Syst Rev</span>
2014 Feb 11;2014(2):CD006022.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006022.pub4.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24519664" target="_blank">24519664</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10660327" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Nephrolithiasis%2C%20calcium%20oxalate%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (4)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C1833683%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (13)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C1833683%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;test_type=Research" target="_blank">Research (1)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C1833683%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (17)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C1833683%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F19" target="_blank">Targeted variant analysis (6)</a></li>
<li class="portletSeeAll portletSeeAllPad"><total><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C1833683%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">See all (18)</a></total></li>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_resources">Clinical resources</h1><a sid="119" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://www.omim.org/phenotypicSeries/PS167030" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li><li><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=Nephrolithiasis,%20calcium%20oxalate" target="_blank">ClinicalTrials.gov</a></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Practice_guidelines">Practice guidelines</h1><a sid="121" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22nephrolithiasis%2C%20calcium%20oxalate%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">PubMed</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li><li><a target="_blank" href="/books/?term=((%22clinical%20guidelines%22%5BResource%20Type%5D)%20OR%20%22practice%20guideline%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)%20AND%20(%22Nephrolithiasis%2C%20calcium%20oxalate%22)">Bookshelf</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li></ul></div>
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<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Related medical variations</div>
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<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/gtr/tests?term=C1833683[DISCUI]" ref="log$=recordlinks">GTR</a>
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