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<meta name="keywords" content="C0006845, candf, candidiases, chronic mucocutaneous, candidiasis, chronic mucocutaneous, chronic candidiasis of mucosa, skin and nails, chronic mucocutaneous candidiases, chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (disease), cmc, cmc - chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, disease or syndrome, familial candidiasis, familial chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, familial cmc, mucocutaneous candidiases, chronic, mucocutaneous candidiasis, mucocutaneous candidiasis, chronic, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Recurrent or persistent superficial Candida infections of the skin, mucous membranes, and nails." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<title>Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (Concept Id: C0006845)
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<!--
UID=2426
ConceptID=C0006845
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>2426</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0006845</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
<td>Candidiases, Chronic Mucocutaneous; Candidiasis, Chronic Mucocutaneous; Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiases; Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis; Mucocutaneous Candidiases, Chronic; Mucocutaneous Candidiasis, Chronic</td></tr>
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
<td>Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (234568006); CMC - Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (234568006)</td></tr>
<tr><td>Modes of inheritance:</td>
<td>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="moi_141025"><div><strong>Autosomal recessive inheritance</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>141025</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0441748</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Intellectual Product</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Source: Orphanet</div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in individuals with two pathogenic alleles, either homozygotes (two copies of the same mutant allele) or compound heterozygotes (whereby each copy of a gene has a distinct mutant allele).</div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="moi_141047"><div><strong>Autosomal dominant inheritance</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>141047</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0443147</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Intellectual Product</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Source: Orphanet</div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in heterozygotes. In the context of medical genetics, an autosomal dominant disorder is caused when a single copy of the mutant allele is present. Males and females are affected equally, and can both transmit the disorder with a risk of 50% for each child of inheriting the mutant allele.</div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#moi_141025" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autosomal recessive inheritance</a><span> (Orphanet)</span></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#moi_141047" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autosomal dominant inheritance</a><span> (Orphanet)</span></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002728">HP:0002728</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0015279" target="_blank">MONDO:0015279</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>OMIM<span class="superscript">®</span> Phenotypic series:</td>
<td><a href="https://omim.org/phenotypicSeries/PS114580" target="_blank">PS114580</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Orphanet:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Orphanet: The portal for rare diseases and orphan drugs" href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&amp;Expert=1334">ORPHA1334</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="rprt-body jig-ncbiinpagenav" data-jigconfig="smoothScroll: false, gotoTopLink: true, gotoTopLinkText: '', gotoTopLinkAttrs: {'title': 'Go to the top of the page'},allHeadingLevels: ['h1'], topOfPageTOC: true, tocId: 'my-toc'"><div id="rprt-tabs-1" class="rprt-tab"><div id="tb-termsProp-1"><div class="leftCol mgCol"><div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">Recurrent or persistent superficial Candida infections of the skin, mucous membranes, and nails. [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li><li><a href="#tabORDO">Orphanet</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0006845[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=2426">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=2426" ref="ncbi_uid=2426">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline">Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/19974" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Clinical finding">Clinical finding</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/232191" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Finding by Cause">Finding by Cause</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/811352" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Infection">Infection</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/2161" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Bacterial Infections and Mycoses">Bacterial Infections and Mycoses</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/6486" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Fungal infectious disease">Fungal infectious disease</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/14299" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Candidiasis">Candidiasis</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis</span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/892549" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Chronic intestinal candidiasis">Chronic intestinal candidiasis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/870166" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Chronic oral candidiasis">Chronic oral candidiasis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868604" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis">Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div id="tabORDO">Follow <a target="_blank" href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/Disease_Classif.php?lng=EN&amp;data_id=156&amp;PatId=432&amp;search=Disease_Classif_Simple&amp;new=1" class="ital bold">this link</a> to review classifications for <span class="ital">Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis</span> in Orphanet.</div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_39125"><div><strong>Polyglandular autoimmune syndrome, type 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>39125</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0085859</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type I (APS1) is characterized by the presence of 2 of 3 major clinical symptoms: Addison disease, and/or hypoparathyroidism, and/or chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (Neufeld et al., 1981). However, variable APS1 phenotypes have been observed, even among sibs. In addition, some patients may exhibit apparent isolated hypoparathyroidism, an early manifestation of APS1 with peak incidence at around age 5 years; over long-term follow-up, the development of additional features of APS1 may be observed (Cranston et al., 2022).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/39125">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_39126"><div><strong>Polyglandular autoimmune syndrome, type 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>39126</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0085860</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type II (APS2), or Schmidt syndrome, is characterized by the presence of autoimmune Addison disease in association with either autoimmune thyroid disease or type I diabetes mellitus, or both. Chronic candidiasis is not present. APS2 may occur at any age and in both sexes, but is most common in middle-aged females and is very rare in childhood (summary by Betterle et al., 2004).&#13; See 240300 for a phenotypic description of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I (APS1).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/39126">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_98310"><div><strong>Leukocyte adhesion deficiency 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>98310</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0398738</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) is an autosomal recessive disorder of neutrophil function resulting from a deficiency of the beta-2 integrin subunit of the leukocyte cell adhesion molecule. The leukocyte cell adhesion molecule is present on the surface of peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes and granulocytes and mediates cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix adhesion. LAD is characterized by recurrent bacterial infections; impaired pus formation and wound healing; abnormalities of a wide variety of adhesion-dependent functions of granulocytes, monocytes, and lymphocytes; and a lack of beta-2/alpha-L, beta-2/alpha-M, and beta-2/alpha-X expression.&#13; Genetic Heterogeneity of Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency&#13; Also see LAD2 (266265), caused by mutation in the SLC35C1 gene (605881), and LAD3 (612840), caused by mutation in the FERMT3 gene (607901).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/98310">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_220887"><div><strong>Hereditary mucoepithelial dysplasia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>220887</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1274795</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hereditary mucoepithelial dysplasia (HMD) is a rare autosomal dominant genodermatosis characterized by onset in infancy of a panepithelial defect involving the oral, nasal, conjunctival, vaginal, cervical, perineal, urethral, and bladder mucosa. Patients develop cataracts, blindness, nonscarring alopecia, perineal psoriasiform lesions, and follicular keratoses (Witkop et al., 1982). Although 1 family was reported to have progressive severe interstitial lung disease (Witkop et al., 1979), this feature has not been reported in other families and is not considered a criterion for diagnosis. However, the clinical triad of nonscarring alopecia, well-demarcated fiery red mucosa, and psoriasiform perineal involvement has been consistently observed (review by Boralevi et al., 2005).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/220887">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_343238"><div><strong>Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis due to monocyte chemotactic disorder</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>343238</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1854982</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/343238">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_340878"><div><strong>Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis due to lymphokine deficiency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>340878</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1855471</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/340878">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_340881"><div><strong>Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis due to intrinsic defect in lymphoblastic transformation</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>340881</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1855474</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/340881">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_344504"><div><strong>Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis due to inhibition of lymphoblastic transformation</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>344504</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1855476</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Pathologic Function</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/344504">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_340962"><div><strong>Vici syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>340962</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1855772</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">With the current widespread use of multigene panels and comprehensive genomic testing, it has become apparent that the phenotypic spectrum of EPG5-related disorder represents a continuum. At the most severe end of the spectrum is classic Vici syndrome (defined as a neurodevelopmental disorder with multisystem involvement characterized by the combination of agenesis of the corpus callosum, cataracts, hypopigmentation, cardiomyopathy, combined immunodeficiency, microcephaly, and failure to thrive); at the milder end of the spectrum are attenuated neurodevelopmental phenotypes with variable multisystem involvement. Median survival in classic Vici syndrome appears to be 24 months, with only 10% of children surviving longer than age five years; the most common causes of death are respiratory infections as a result of primary immunodeficiency and/or cardiac insufficiency resulting from progressive cardiac failure. No data are available on life span in individuals at the milder end of the spectrum.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/340962">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_395288"><div><strong>Bare lymphocyte syndrome type 2, complementation group A</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>395288</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1859534</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Bare lymphocyte syndrome type II (BLS II) is an inherited disorder of the immune system categorized as a form of combined immunodeficiency (CID). People with BLS II lack virtually all immune protection from bacteria, viruses, and fungi. They are prone to repeated and persistent infections that can be very serious or life-threatening. These infections are often caused by "opportunistic" organisms that ordinarily do not cause illness in people with a normal immune system.\n\nBLS II is typically diagnosed in the first year of life. Most affected infants have persistent infections in the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urinary tracts. Because of the infections, affected infants have difficulty absorbing nutrients (malabsorption), and they grow more slowly than their peers. Eventually, the persistent infections lead to organ failure. Without treatment, individuals with BLS II usually do not survive past early childhood.\n\nIn people with BLS II, infection-fighting white blood cells (lymphocytes) are missing specialized proteins on their surface called major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II proteins, which is where the condition got its name. Because BLS II is the most common and best studied form of a group of related conditions, it is often referred to as simply bare lymphocyte syndrome (BLS).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/395288">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_347904"><div><strong>MHC class II deficiency 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>347904</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1859535</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/347904">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_354935"><div><strong>Severe combined immunodeficiency, autosomal recessive, T cell-negative, B cell-negative, NK cell-negative, due to adenosine deaminase deficiency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>354935</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C1863236</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency is a systemic purine metabolic disorder that primarily affects lymphocyte development, viability, and function. The ADA deficiency phenotypic spectrum includes typical early-onset severe combined immunodeficiency (ADA-SCID), diagnosed in infancy (about 80% of individuals), and less severe "delayed" or "late-onset" combined immunodeficiency (ADA-CID), diagnosed in older children and adults (15%-20% of individuals). Some healthy individuals who are deficient in red blood cell ADA (termed "partial ADA deficiency") have been discovered by screening populations or relatives of individuals with ADA-SCID. Newborn screening (NBS) for SCID uses extracts from Guthrie card dried blood spots to measure T-cell receptor excision circle (TREC) DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Screening specific for ADA deficiency can also be performed by detection of elevated levels of adenosine (Ado) and deoxyadenosine (dAdo) by tandem mass spectrometry (TMS). Both techniques can identify ADA-SCID before affected infants become symptomatic. Untreated ADA-SCID presents as life-threatening opportunistic illnesses in the first weeks to months of life with poor linear growth and weight gain secondary to persistent diarrhea, extensive dermatitis, and recurrent pneumonia. Skeletal abnormalities affecting ribs and vertebra, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, hemolytic anemia, neurologic abnormalities, and transaminitis may also suggest untreated ADA-SCID. Characteristic immune abnormalities are lymphocytopenia (low numbers of T, B, and NK cells) combined with the absence of both humoral and cellular immune function. If immune function is not restored with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), gene therapy, or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), children with ADA-SCID rarely survive beyond age one to two years. NBS for SCID does not identify individuals with the ADA-CID phenotype whose TREC numbers are above the threshold values of most screening laboratories. However, ADA-CID is identified by TMS NBS since the ADA substrates Ado and dAdo are increased. As TMS NBS for Ado/dAdo is not yet widely performed, individuals with ADA-CID are more often clinically diagnosed between ages one and ten years ("delayed" onset), or less often in the second to fourth decades ("late"/"adult" onset). Because the immunologic abnormalities are less pronounced than those of ADA-SCID, infections in ADA-CID may not be life-threatening and include recurrent otitis media, sinusitis, upper respiratory infections, and human papilloma viral infections. Untreated individuals with ADA-CID can develop over time chronic pulmonary disease, autoimmunity, atopic disease with elevated immunoglobulin E, and malignancy.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/354935">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_414015"><div><strong>Candidiasis, familial, 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>414015</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2751429</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) includes a group of rare disorders with altered immune responses, selective against Candida, characterized by persistent and/or recurrent infections of the skin, nails, and mucous membranes, caused by organisms of the genus Candida, mainly Candida albicans (Zuccarello et al., 2002).&#13; Isolated familial chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis is distinct from candidiasis with endocrinopathy (240300).&#13; In myeloperoxidase deficiency (254600), susceptibility to candidiasis may be increased.&#13; Genetic Heterogeneity of Candidiasis&#13; Familial candidiasis-1 (CANDF1) maps to chromosome 2p. CANDF2 (212050) is caused by mutation in the CARD9 gene (607212) on chromosome 9q34.3. CANDF3 (607644), a form restricted to nails of the hands and feet, maps to chromosome 11. CANDF4 (613108) is caused by mutation in the CLEC7A gene (606264) on chromosome 12p13. CANDF6 (613956) is caused by mutation in the IL17F gene (606496) on chromosome 6p12. CANDF7 (614162) is caused by mutation in the STAT1 gene (600555) on chromosome 2q32. CANDF8 (615527) is caused by mutation in the TRAF3IP2 gene (607043) on chromosome 6q21. CANDF9 (616445) is caused by mutation in the IL17RC gene (610925) on chromosome 3p25.&#13; A form of familial candidiasis, previously thought to be isolated and designated CANDF5, has been found to be part of a primary immune deficiency (IMD51; 613953) that includes Staphylococcal skin infections and increased susceptibility to chronic bacterial respiratory infections.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/414015">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_445391"><div><strong>Hyper-IgE recurrent infection syndrome 1, autosomal dominant</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>445391</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2936739</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">STAT3 hyper IgE syndrome (STAT3-HIES) is a primary immune deficiency syndrome characterized by elevated serum IgE, eczema, and recurrent skin and respiratory tract infections, together with several nonimmune features. This disorder typically manifests in the newborn period with a rash (often diagnosed as eosinophilic pustulosis) that subsequently evolves into an eczematoid dermatitis. Recurrent staphylococcal skin boils and bacterial pneumonias usually manifest in the first years of life. Pneumatoceles and bronchiectasis often result from aberrant healing of pneumonias. Mucocutaneous candidiasis is common. Nonimmune features may include retained primary teeth, scoliosis, bone fractures following minimal trauma, joint hyperextensibility, and characteristic facial appearance, which typically emerges in adolescence. Vascular abnormalities have been described and include middle-sized artery tortuosity and aneurysms, with infrequent clinical sequelae of myocardial infarction and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations include gastroesophageal reflux disease, esophageal dysmotility, and spontaneous intestinal perforations (some of which are associated with diverticuli). Fungal infections of the GI tract (typically histoplasmosis, Cryptococcus, and Coccidioides) also occur infrequently. Survival is typically into adulthood, with most individuals now living into or past the sixth decade. Most deaths are associated with gram-negative (Pseudomonas) or filamentous fungal pneumonias resulting in hemoptysis. Lymphomas occur at an increased frequency.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/445391">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_462755"><div><strong>Candidiasis, familial, 6</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>462755</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3151405</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Any familial chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the IL17F gene.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/462755">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_481620"><div><strong>Autoimmune enteropathy and endocrinopathy - susceptibility to chronic infections syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>481620</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3279990</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">IMD31C is a disorder of immunologic dysregulation with highly variable manifestations resulting from autosomal dominant gain-of-function mutations in STAT1 (600555). Most patients present in infancy or early childhood with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC). Other highly variable features include recurrent bacterial, viral, fungal, and mycoplasmal infections, disseminated dimorphic fungal infections, enteropathy with villous atrophy, and autoimmune disorders, such as hypothyroidism or diabetes mellitus. A subset of patients show apparently nonimmunologic features, including osteopenia, delayed puberty, and intracranial aneurysms. Laboratory studies show increased activation of gamma-interferon (IFNG; 147570)-mediated inflammation (summary by Uzel et al., 2013 and Sampaio et al., 2013).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/481620">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_766857"><div><strong>Combined immunodeficiency due to STK4 deficiency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>766857</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3553943</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Immunodeficiency-110 (IMD110) is an autosomal recessive primary T-cell immunodeficiency syndrome characterized by progressive loss of naive T cells, recurrent bacterial, viral, and fungal infections, warts, and abscesses, and autoimmune manifestations. Patients are at risk for developing lymphoproliferative disorders or lymphoma, particularly associated with EBV. Some patients may show cardiac malformations, including atrial septal defect (Abdollahpour et al., 2012; Nehme et al., 2012).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/766857">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_862808"><div><strong>Immunodeficiency 23</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>862808</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4014371</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">IMD23 is an autosomal recessive primary immunodeficiency syndrome characterized by onset of recurrent infections, usually respiratory or cutaneous, in early childhood. Immune workup usually shows neutropenia, lymphopenia, eosinophilia, and increased serum IgE or IgA. Neutrophil chemotactic defects have also been reported. Infectious agents include bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Many patients develop atopic dermatitis, eczema, and other signs of autoinflammation. Affected individuals may also show developmental delay or cognitive impairment of varying severity (summary by Bjorksten and Lundmark, 1976 and Zhang et al., 2014).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/862808">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_906897"><div><strong>Candidiasis, familial, 9</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>906897</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4225324</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Any chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the IL17RC gene.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/906897">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_934770"><div><strong>Immunodeficiency 51</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>934770</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4310803</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Immunodeficiency-51 (IMD51) is an autosomal recessive primary immune deficiency that is usually characterized by onset of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis in the first years of life. Most patients also show recurrent Staphylococcal skin infections, and may show increased susceptibility to chronic bacterial respiratory infections. Patient cells show a lack of cellular responses to stimulation with certain IL17 isoforms, including IL17A (603149), IL17F (606496), IL17A/F, and IL17E (IL25; 605658) (summary by Levy et al., 2016).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/934770">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1648422"><div><strong>Severe combined immunodeficiency due to CARMIL2 deficiency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1648422</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4748304</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Immunodeficiency-58 is an autosomal recessive primary immunologic disorder characterized by early-onset skin lesions, including eczematous dermatitis, infectious abscesses, and warts, recurrent respiratory infections or allergies, and chronic persistent infections with candida, Molluscum contagiosum, mycobacteria, EBV, bacteria, and viruses. Some patients may have gastrointestinal involvement, including inflammatory bowel disease, EBV+ smooth muscle tumors, and esophagitis. Immunologic analysis shows defective T-cell function with decreased Treg cells and deficient CD3/CD28 costimulation responses in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. B-cell function may also be impaired (summary by Wang et al., 2016 and Alazami et al., 2018).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1648422">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1648385"><div><strong>Immunodeficiency 15a</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1648385</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4748694</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Immunodeficiency 15A (IMD15A) is an autosomal dominant primary immunodeficiency disorder characterized by relatively late onset of recurrent respiratory tract infections and lymphopenia, combined with immune activation of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. One patient presented with inflammatory disease and possible ectodermal defect.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1648385">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1648483"><div><strong>Hyper-IgE recurrent infection syndrome 3, autosomal recessive</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1648483</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4748969</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hyper-IgE syndrome-3 with recurrent infections (HIES3) is an autosomal recessive immunologic disorder characterized by childhood onset of atopic dermatitis, skin infections particularly with Staphylococcus aureus, recurrent sinopulmonary infections, and increased serum IgE and IgG. Patients are susceptible to bacterial and fungal infections, including chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. Immunologic workup shows impaired differentiation of CD4+ T cells into T-helper 17 cells, decreased memory B cells, and often decreased NK cells (summary by Beziat et al., 2018).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of hyper-IgE syndrome, see HIES1 (147060).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1648483">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1801019"><div><strong>Immunodeficiency 104</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1801019</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5676890</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Severe combined immunodeficiency-104 (IMD104) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the onset of recurrent infections in early infancy. Manifestations may include oral thrush, fever, and failure to thrive. Some patients have lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly, whereas others have absence of lymph nodes and lack a thymic shadow. Laboratory studies show decreased or absent numbers of nonfunctional T cells, normal or increased levels of B cells, variable hypogammaglobulinemia, and normal NK cells. The disorder is caused by a defect in IL7 (146660) signaling due to a mutant IL7 receptor. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation may be curative (Roifman et al., 2000 and Giliani et al., 2005).&#13; Giliani et al. (2005) provided a detailed review of IL7R deficiency, including discussion of the IL7R gene and its function in the immune system, clinical features of the disorder, and experiences with hematopoietic stem cell transplant as treatment.&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of autosomal recessive SCID, see 601457.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1801019">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1809613"><div><strong>Hyper-IgE recurrent infection syndrome 4A, autosomal dominant</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1809613</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5676920</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hyper-IgE syndrome-4A with recurrent infections (HIES4A) is an autosomal dominant immunologic disorder characterized by recurrent, mainly sinopulmonary infections associated with increased serum IgE. The phenotype is variable, even within families. Some patients have onset of symptoms in early childhood and develop complications, including bronchiectasis or hemoptysis, whereas others have later onset of less severe infections. Immunologic workup usually shows normal leukocyte levels, although some patients may demonstrate alterations in lymphocyte subsets, including T cells. Affected individuals also have variable skeletal abnormalities, including high-arched palate, hyperextensible joints, scoliosis, and bone fractures. The IL6ST mutations are loss-of-function, although the truncated mutant proteins are expressed and interfere with the wildtype protein in a dominant-negative manner by disrupting IL6 (147620) and IL11 (147681) signaling (summary by Beziat et al., 2020).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of hyper-IgE syndrome, see HIES1 (147060).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1809613">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1841269"><div><strong>Immunodeficiency 112</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1841269</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5830633</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Immunodeficiency-112 (IMD112) is an autosomal recessive primary immunologic disorder with variable manifestations beginning in early childhood. Some patients have recurrent bacterial, viral, and fungal infections, including disseminated bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-related infections, whereas at least 1 patient only presented with BCG-related infections. Immunologic workup shows variable abnormalities affecting lymphoid immunity, including hypogammaglobulinemia, lymphopenia or paradoxical lymphocytosis, and defects in B, T, and NK cell differentiation and function mainly due to disruption of the noncanonical NFKB (see 164011) signaling pathway (Willmann et al., 2014; Schlechter et al., 2017).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1841269">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_481620" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autoimmune enteropathy and endocrinopathy - susceptibility to chronic infections syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_395288" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Bare lymphocyte syndrome type 2, complementation group A</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_414015" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Candidiasis, familial, 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_462755" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Candidiasis, familial, 6</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_906897" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Candidiasis, familial, 9</a></div><div class="jig-moreless" data-jigconfig="class: 'moveDown', moreText: 'See full list (26)', lessText: 'Show less', nodeBefore: 0"><span id="clinMore">
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_344504" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis due to inhibition of lymphoblastic transformation</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_340881" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis due to intrinsic defect in lymphoblastic transformation</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_340878" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis due to lymphokine deficiency</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_343238" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis due to monocyte chemotactic disorder</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_766857" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Combined immunodeficiency due to STK4 deficiency</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_220887" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hereditary mucoepithelial dysplasia</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_445391" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hyper-IgE recurrent infection syndrome 1, autosomal dominant</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1648483" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hyper-IgE recurrent infection syndrome 3, autosomal recessive</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1809613" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hyper-IgE recurrent infection syndrome 4A, autosomal dominant</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1801019" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Immunodeficiency 104</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1841269" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Immunodeficiency 112</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1648385" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Immunodeficiency 15a</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_862808" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Immunodeficiency 23</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_934770" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Immunodeficiency 51</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_98310" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Leukocyte adhesion deficiency 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_347904" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">MHC class II deficiency 2</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_39125" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Polyglandular autoimmune syndrome, type 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_39126" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Polyglandular autoimmune syndrome, type 2</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1648422" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Severe combined immunodeficiency due to CARMIL2 deficiency</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_354935" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Severe combined immunodeficiency, autosomal recessive, T cell-negative, B cell-negative, NK cell-negative, due to adenosine deaminase deficiency</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_340962" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Vici syndrome</a></div></span></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38327523">Progress in molecular diagnosis and treatment of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Jing D,
Liang G,
Li X,
Liu W</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Front Immunol</span>
2024;15:1343138.
Epub 2024 Jan 24
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1343138.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38327523" target="_blank">38327523</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10847319" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37935260">JAK inhibitor treatment for inborn errors of JAK/STAT signaling: An ESID/EBMT-IEWP retrospective study.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Fischer M,
Olbrich P,
Hadjadj J,
Aumann V,
Bakhtiar S,
Barlogis V,
von Bismarck P,
Bloomfield M,
Booth C,
Buddingh EP,
Cagdas D,
Castelle M,
Chan AY,
Chandrakasan S,
Chetty K,
Cougoul P,
Crickx E,
Dara J,
Deyà-Martínez A,
Farmand S,
Formankova R,
Gennery AR,
Gonzalez-Granado LI,
Hagin D,
Hanitsch LG,
Hanzlikovà J,
Hauck F,
Ivorra-Cortés J,
Kisand K,
Kiykim A,
Körholz J,
Leahy TR,
van Montfrans J,
Nademi Z,
Nelken B,
Parikh S,
Plado S,
Ramakers J,
Redlich A,
Rieux-Laucat F,
Rivière JG,
Rodina Y,
Júnior PR,
Salou S,
Schuetz C,
Shcherbina A,
Slatter MA,
Touzot F,
Unal E,
Lankester AC,
Burns S,
Seppänen MRJ,
Neth O,
Albert MH,
Ehl S,
Neven B,
Speckmann C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Allergy Clin Immunol</span>
2024 Jan;153(1):275-286.e18.
Epub 2023 Nov 5
doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.10.018.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37935260" target="_blank">37935260</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37247108">Successful Rezafungin Treatment of an Azole-Resistant Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis in a STAT-1 Gain-of-Function Patient.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Melenotte C,
Ratiney R,
Hermine O,
Bougnoux ME,
Lanternier F</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Clin Immunol</span>
2023 Aug;43(6):1182-1184.
Epub 2023 May 29
doi: 10.1007/s10875-023-01519-2.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37247108" target="_blank">37247108</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22chronic%20mucocutaneous%20candidiasis%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (26)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27237547">New clinical phenotypes of fungal infections in special hosts.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Pilmis B,
Puel A,
Lortholary O,
Lanternier F</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Microbiol Infect</span>
2016 Aug;22(8):681-7.
Epub 2016 May 26
doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2016.05.016.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27237547" target="_blank">27237547</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/14626505">Mucocutaneous candidiasis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rowen JL</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Semin Perinatol</span>
2003 Oct;27(5):406-13.
doi: 10.1016/s0146-0005(03)00066-1.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/14626505" target="_blank">14626505</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/12512182">Mucosal candidiasis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Vazquez JA,
Sobel JD</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Infect Dis Clin North Am</span>
2002 Dec;16(4):793-820, v.
doi: 10.1016/s0891-5520(02)00042-9.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/12512182" target="_blank">12512182</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/2941199">Fungal infections in children.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Caputo RV</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Dermatol Clin</span>
1986 Jan;4(1):137-49.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/2941199" target="_blank">2941199</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/4470726">Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMjournal">J Cutan Pathol</span>
1974;1(5):211-29.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/4470726" target="_blank">4470726</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Chronic%20mucocutaneous%20candidiasis%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (142)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38758287">Inherited CARD9 Deficiency Due to a Founder Effect in East Asia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Tomomasa D,
Lee BH,
Hirata Y,
Inoue Y,
Majima H,
Imanaka Y,
Asano T,
Katakami T,
Lee J,
Hijikata A,
Worakitchanon W,
Yang X,
Wang X,
Watanabe A,
Kamei K,
Kageyama Y,
Seo GH,
Fujimoto A,
Casanova JL,
Puel A,
Morio T,
Okada S,
Kanegane H</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Clin Immunol</span>
2024 May 17;44(5):121.
doi: 10.1007/s10875-024-01724-7.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38758287" target="_blank">38758287</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC11736695" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36420581">Inborn errors of immunity with loss- and gain-of-function germline mutations in STAT1.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Asano T,
Utsumi T,
Kagawa R,
Karakawa S,
Okada S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Exp Immunol</span>
2023 Apr 25;212(2):96-106.
doi: 10.1093/cei/uxac106.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36420581" target="_blank">36420581</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10128167" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34931369">Chronic tongue pain and alopecia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Karagounis T,
Yan D,
Oza V,
Kim R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Dermatol</span>
2021 Nov;38(6):e58-e60.
doi: 10.1111/pde.14797.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34931369" target="_blank">34931369</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32852681">Human STAT1 Gain-of-Function Heterozygous Mutations: Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis and Type I Interferonopathy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Okada S,
Asano T,
Moriya K,
Boisson-Dupuis S,
Kobayashi M,
Casanova JL,
Puel A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Clin Immunol</span>
2020 Nov;40(8):1065-1081.
Epub 2020 Aug 27
doi: 10.1007/s10875-020-00847-x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32852681" target="_blank">32852681</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8561788" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27343964">Oral candidiasis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Millsop JW,
Fazel N</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Dermatol</span>
2016 Jul-Aug;34(4):487-94.
Epub 2016 Mar 2
doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2016.02.022.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27343964" target="_blank">27343964</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Chronic%20mucocutaneous%20candidiasis%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (258)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27343964">Oral candidiasis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Millsop JW,
Fazel N</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Dermatol</span>
2016 Jul-Aug;34(4):487-94.
Epub 2016 Mar 2
doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2016.02.022.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27343964" target="_blank">27343964</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/3065256">Chronic mucocutaneous candidosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ro BI</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int J Dermatol</span>
1988 Sep;27(7):457-62.
doi: 10.1111/j.1365-4362.1988.tb00919.x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/3065256" target="_blank">3065256</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/2937586">Onychomycosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Zaias N</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Dermatol Clin</span>
1985 Jul;3(3):445-60.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/2937586" target="_blank">2937586</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/392477">Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rosman N</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Postgrad Med J</span>
1979 Sep;55(647):611-4.
doi: 10.1136/pgmj.55.647.611.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/392477" target="_blank">392477</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2425665" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/4470726">Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMjournal">J Cutan Pathol</span>
1974;1(5):211-29.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/4470726" target="_blank">4470726</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Chronic%20mucocutaneous%20candidiasis%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (229)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32852681">Human STAT1 Gain-of-Function Heterozygous Mutations: Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis and Type I Interferonopathy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Okada S,
Asano T,
Moriya K,
Boisson-Dupuis S,
Kobayashi M,
Casanova JL,
Puel A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Clin Immunol</span>
2020 Nov;40(8):1065-1081.
Epub 2020 Aug 27
doi: 10.1007/s10875-020-00847-x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32852681" target="_blank">32852681</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8561788" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27114460">Heterozygous STAT1 gain-of-function mutations underlie an unexpectedly broad clinical phenotype.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Toubiana J,
Okada S,
Hiller J,
Oleastro M,
Lagos Gomez M,
Aldave Becerra JC,
Ouachée-Chardin M,
Fouyssac F,
Girisha KM,
Etzioni A,
Van Montfrans J,
Camcioglu Y,
Kerns LA,
Belohradsky B,
Blanche S,
Bousfiha A,
Rodriguez-Gallego C,
Meyts I,
Kisand K,
Reichenbach J,
Renner ED,
Rosenzweig S,
Grimbacher B,
van de Veerdonk FL,
Traidl-Hoffmann C,
Picard C,
Marodi L,
Morio T,
Kobayashi M,
Lilic D,
Milner JD,
Holland S,
Casanova JL,
Puel A;
International STAT1 Gain-of-Function Study Group</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Blood</span>
2016 Jun 23;127(25):3154-64.
Epub 2016 Apr 25
doi: 10.1182/blood-2015-11-679902.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27114460" target="_blank">27114460</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4920021" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/19284680">Histological changes in intra-oral skin flaps.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Woolgar JA,
Triantafyllou A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Head Neck Oncol</span>
2009 Jan 12;1:2.
doi: 10.1186/1758-3284-1-2.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/19284680" target="_blank">19284680</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2640480" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/12092452">APS-I/APECED: the clinical disease and therapy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Perheentupa J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am</span>
2002 Jun;31(2):295-320, vi.
doi: 10.1016/s0889-8529(01)00013-5.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/12092452" target="_blank">12092452</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/4470726">Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMjournal">J Cutan Pathol</span>
1974;1(5):211-29.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/4470726" target="_blank">4470726</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Chronic%20mucocutaneous%20candidiasis%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (104)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37528097">Genetic inhibition of CARD9 accelerates the development of atherosclerosis in mice through CD36 dependent-defective autophagy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Zhang Y,
Vandestienne M,
Lavillegrand JR,
Joffre J,
Santos-Zas I,
Lavelle A,
Zhong X,
Le Goff W,
Guérin M,
Al-Rifai R,
Laurans L,
Bruneval P,
Guérin C,
Diedisheim M,
Migaud M,
Puel A,
Lanternier F,
Casanova JL,
Cochain C,
Zernecke A,
Saliba AE,
Mokry M,
Silvestre JS,
Tedgui A,
Mallat Z,
Taleb S,
Lenoir O,
Vindis C,
Camus SM,
Sokol H,
Ait-Oufella H</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nat Commun</span>
2023 Aug 1;14(1):4622.
doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-40216-x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37528097" target="_blank">37528097</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10394049" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28429308">Chronic Candidiasis in Children.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Green L,
Dolen WK</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Allergy Asthma Rep</span>
2017 May;17(5):31.
doi: 10.1007/s11882-017-0699-9.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28429308" target="_blank">28429308</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27114460">Heterozygous STAT1 gain-of-function mutations underlie an unexpectedly broad clinical phenotype.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Toubiana J,
Okada S,
Hiller J,
Oleastro M,
Lagos Gomez M,
Aldave Becerra JC,
Ouachée-Chardin M,
Fouyssac F,
Girisha KM,
Etzioni A,
Van Montfrans J,
Camcioglu Y,
Kerns LA,
Belohradsky B,
Blanche S,
Bousfiha A,
Rodriguez-Gallego C,
Meyts I,
Kisand K,
Reichenbach J,
Renner ED,
Rosenzweig S,
Grimbacher B,
van de Veerdonk FL,
Traidl-Hoffmann C,
Picard C,
Marodi L,
Morio T,
Kobayashi M,
Lilic D,
Milner JD,
Holland S,
Casanova JL,
Puel A;
International STAT1 Gain-of-Function Study Group</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Blood</span>
2016 Jun 23;127(25):3154-64.
Epub 2016 Apr 25
doi: 10.1182/blood-2015-11-679902.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27114460" target="_blank">27114460</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4920021" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25398490">IL-17 and infections.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ling Y,
Puel A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Actas Dermosifiliogr</span>
2014 Oct;105 Suppl 1:34-40.
doi: 10.1016/S0001-7310(14)70016-X.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25398490" target="_blank">25398490</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/11505806">Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis revisited.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Palma-Carlos AG,
Palma-Carlos ML</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Allerg Immunol (Paris)</span>
2001 Jun;33(6):229-32.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/11505806" target="_blank">11505806</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Chronic%20mucocutaneous%20candidiasis%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (117)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_systematic_reviews">Recent systematic reviews</h1><a sid="104" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38051840">Innate Error Immunities of the Th17 Immune Pathway Associated With Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis: A Systematic Review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mirza VS,
Zaino ML,
Feldman SR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Drugs Dermatol</span>
2023 Dec 1;22(12):1197-1203.
doi: 10.36849/JDD.7579.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38051840" target="_blank">38051840</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33957837">Clinical, immunological, and genetic features in 938 patients with autoimmune polyendocrinopathy candidiasis ectodermal dystrophy (APECED): a systematic review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sharifinejad N,
Zaki-Dizaji M,
Tebyanian S,
Zainaldain H,
Jamee M,
Rizvi FS,
Hosseinzadeh S,
Fayyaz F,
Hamedifar H,
Sabzevari A,
Matloubi M,
Heropolitańska-Pliszka E,
Aghamahdi F,
Abolhassani H,
Azizi G</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Expert Rev Clin Immunol</span>
2021 Aug;17(8):807-817.
Epub 2021 Jun 3
doi: 10.1080/1744666X.2021.1925543.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33957837" target="_blank">33957837</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33777053">Clinical Relevance of Gain- and Loss-of-Function Germline Mutations in STAT1: A Systematic Review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Zhang W,
Chen X,
Gao G,
Xing S,
Zhou L,
Tang X,
Zhao X,
An Y</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Front Immunol</span>
2021;12:654406.
Epub 2021 Mar 11
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.654406.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33777053" target="_blank">33777053</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7991083" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/19821309">Prophylactic oral/topical non-absorbed antifungal agents to prevent invasive fungal infection in very low birth weight infants.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Austin N,
Darlow BA,
McGuire W</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cochrane Database Syst Rev</span>
2009 Oct 7;(4):CD003478.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003478.pub3.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/19821309" target="_blank">19821309</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/14974017">Prophylactic oral antifungal agents to prevent systemic candida infection in preterm infants.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Austin NC,
Darlow B</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cochrane Database Syst Rev</span>
2004;(1):CD003478.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003478.pub2.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/14974017" target="_blank">14974017</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Chronic%20mucocutaneous%20candidiasis%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (6)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0006845%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (4)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0006845%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (5)</a></li>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://www.omim.org/phenotypicSeries/PS114580" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li><li><a href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?Expert=1334" target="_blank">Orphanet</a></li><li><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=Chronic%20mucocutaneous%20candidiasis" target="_blank">ClinicalTrials.gov</a></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22chronic%20mucocutaneous%20candidiasis%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">PubMed</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li><li><a target="_blank" href="/books/?term=((%22clinical%20guidelines%22%5BResource%20Type%5D)%20OR%20%22practice%20guideline%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)%20AND%20(%22Chronic%20mucocutaneous%20candidiasis%22)">Bookshelf</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li></ul></div>
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