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<meta name="keywords" content="C1406835, contractures involving the toes, contractures of the toes, contractures of toes, finding, flexion contracture of toe, flexion contractures of the toes, flexion contractures of toes, toe contractures, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="One or more bent (flexed) toe joints that cannot be straightened actively or passively." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<title>Flexion contracture of toe (Concept Id: C1406835)
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<!--
UID=237248
ConceptID=C1406835
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Flexion contracture of toe</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>237248</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1406835</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
<td>Contractures of toes; Flexion contractures of the toes; Flexion contractures of toes; Toe contractures</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0005830">HP:0005830</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">One or more bent (flexed) toe joints that cannot be straightened actively or passively. [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline">Flexion contracture of toe</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/536898" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of limbs">Abnormality of limbs</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868065" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of limb bone">Abnormality of limb bone</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/904271" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal limb bone morphology">Abnormal limb bone morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/763618" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal digit morphology">Abnormal digit morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/390611" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal toe morphology">Abnormal toe morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/592351" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Toe joint contracture">Toe joint contracture</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Flexion contracture of toe</span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/866955" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Flexion contracture of the hallux">Flexion contracture of the hallux</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869539" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Contracture of the interphalangeal joint of the hallux">Contracture of the interphalangeal joint of the hallux</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869540" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Contracture of the tarsometatarsal joint of the hallux">Contracture of the tarsometatarsal joint of the hallux</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869538" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Contractures of the metatarsophalangeal joint of the hallux">Contractures of the metatarsophalangeal joint of the hallux</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_120516"><div><strong>Freeman-Sheldon syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>120516</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0265224</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Freeman-Sheldon syndrome (FSS), or DA2A, is phenotypically similar to DA1. In addition to contractures of the hands and feet, FSS is characterized by oropharyngeal abnormalities, scoliosis, and a distinctive face that includes a very small oral orifice (often only a few millimeters in diameter at birth), puckered lips, and an H-shaped dimple of the chin; hence, FSS has been called 'whistling face syndrome.' The limb phenotypes of DA1 and FSS may be so similar that they can only be distinguished by the differences in facial morphology (summary by Bamshad et al., 2009).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of distal arthrogryposis, see DA1 (108120).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/120516">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_96590"><div><strong>Osteopathia striata with cranial sclerosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>96590</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0432268</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Most females with osteopathia striata with cranial sclerosis (OS-CS) present with macrocephaly and characteristic facial features (frontal bossing, hypertelorism, epicanthal folds, depressed nasal bridge, and prominent jaw). Approximately half have associated features including orofacial clefting and hearing loss, and a minority have some degree of developmental delay (usually mild). Radiographic findings of cranial sclerosis, sclerosis of long bones, and metaphyseal striations (in combination with macrocephaly) can be considered pathognomonic. Males can present with a mild or severe phenotype. Mildly affected males have clinical features similar to affected females, including macrocephaly, characteristic facial features, orofacial clefting, hearing loss, and mild-to-moderate learning delays. Mildly affected males are more likely than females to have congenital or musculoskeletal anomalies. Radiographic findings include cranial sclerosis and sclerosis of the long bones; Metaphyseal striations are more common in males who are mosaic for an AMER1 pathogenic variant. The severe phenotype manifests in males as a multiple-malformation syndrome, lethal in mid-to-late gestation, or in the neonatal period. Congenital malformations include skeletal defects (e.g., polysyndactyly, absent or hypoplastic fibulae), congenital heart disease, and brain, genitourinary, and gastrointestinal anomalies. Macrocephaly is not always present and longitudinal metaphyseal striations have not been observed in severely affected males, except for those who are mosaic for the AMER1 pathogenic variant.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/96590">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_342798"><div><strong>Cerebrooculofacioskeletal syndrome 4</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>342798</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1853100</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Cerebrooculofacioskeletal syndrome-4 (COFS4) is a severe autosomal recessive disorder characterized by growth retardation, dysmorphic facial features, arthrogryposis, and neurologic abnormalities. Cellular studies show a defect in both transcription-coupled and global genome nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER and GG-NER) (summary by Jaspers et al., 2007 and Kashiyama et al., 2013).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of cerebrooculofacioskeletal syndrome, see 214150.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/342798">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_400532"><div><strong>H syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>400532</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1864445</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The histiocytosis-lymphadenopathy plus syndrome comprises features of 4 histiocytic disorders previously thought to be distinct: Faisalabad histiocytosis (FHC), sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (SHML), H syndrome, and pigmented hypertrichosis with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus syndrome (PHID). FHC was described as an autosomal recessive disease involving joint deformities, sensorineural hearing loss, and subsequent development of generalized lymphadenopathy and swellings in the eyelids that contain histiocytes (summary by Morgan et al., 2010). SHML, or familial Rosai-Dorfman disease, was described as a rare cause of lymph node enlargement in children, consisting of chronic massive enlargement of cervical lymph nodes frequently accompanied by fever, leukocytosis, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia. Extranodal sites were involved in approximately 25% of patients, including salivary glands, orbit, eyelid, spleen, and testes. The involvement of retropharyngeal lymphoid tissue sometimes caused snoring and sleep apnea (summary by Kismet et al., 2005). H syndrome was characterized by cutaneous hyperpigmentation and hypertrichosis, hepatosplenomegaly, heart anomalies, and hypogonadism; hearing loss was also found in about half of patients, and many had short stature. PHID was characterized by predominantly antibody-negative insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus associated with pigmented hypertrichosis and variable occurrence of other features of H syndrome, with hepatosplenomegaly occurring in about half of patients (Cliffe et al., 2009). Bolze et al. (2012) noted that mutations in the SLC29A3 gene (612373) had been implicated in H syndrome, PHID, FHC, and SHML, and that some patients presented a combination of features from 2 or more of these syndromes, leading to the suggestion that these phenotypes should be grouped together as 'SLC29A3 disorder.' Bolze et al. (2012) suggested that the histologic features of the lesions seemed to be the most uniform phenotype in these patients. In addition, the immunophenotype of infiltrating cells in H syndrome patients was shown to be the same as that seen in patients with the familial form of Rosai-Dorfman disease, further supporting the relationship between these disorders (Avitan-Hersh et al., 2011; Colmenero et al., 2012).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/400532">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_358388"><div><strong>Weill-Marchesani syndrome 2, dominant</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>358388</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1869115</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Weill-Marchesani syndrome (WMS) is a connective tissue disorder characterized by abnormalities of the lens of the eye, short stature, brachydactyly, joint stiffness, and cardiovascular defects. The ocular problems, typically recognized in childhood, include microspherophakia (small spherical lens), myopia secondary to the abnormal shape of the lens, ectopia lentis (abnormal position of the lens), and glaucoma, which can lead to blindness. Height of adult males is 142-169 cm; height of adult females is 130-157 cm. Autosomal recessive WMS cannot be distinguished from autosomal dominant WMS by clinical findings alone.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/358388">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_816342"><div><strong>Rienhoff syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>816342</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3810012</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is characterized by vascular findings (cerebral, thoracic, and abdominal arterial aneurysms and/or dissections), skeletal manifestations (pectus excavatum or pectus carinatum, scoliosis, joint laxity, arachnodactyly, talipes equinovarus, and cervical spine malformation and/or instability), craniofacial features (hypertelorism, strabismus, bifid uvula / cleft palate, and craniosynostosis that can involve any sutures), and cutaneous findings (velvety and translucent skin, easy bruising, and dystrophic scars). Individuals with LDS are predisposed to widespread and aggressive arterial aneurysms and pregnancy-related complications including uterine rupture and death. Individuals with LDS can show a strong predisposition for allergic/inflammatory disease including asthma, eczema, and reactions to food or environmental allergens. There is also an increased incidence of gastrointestinal inflammation including eosinophilic esophagitis and gastritis or inflammatory bowel disease. Wide variation in the distribution and severity of clinical features can be seen in individuals with LDS, even among affected individuals within a family who have the same pathogenic variant.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/816342">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1647990"><div><strong>Schwartz-Jampel syndrome type 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1647990</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4551479</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Schwartz-Jampel syndrome type 1 (SJS1) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by muscle stiffness (myotonia) and chondrodysplasia. Affected individuals usually present in childhood with permanent muscle stiffness or bone deformities. Common clinical features include mask-like facies (narrow palpebral fissures, blepharospasm, and pursed lips); permanent muscle stiffness with continuous skeletal muscle activity recorded on electromyography; dwarfism; pectus carinatum; kyphoscoliosis; bowing of long bones; and epiphyseal, metaphyseal, and hip dysplasia. The disorder is slowly progressive but does not appear to alter life span (summary by Stum et al., 2006).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1647990">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1648310"><div><strong>Proteasome-associated autoinflammatory syndrome 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1648310</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4746851</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Proteasome-associated autoinflammatory syndrome-1 (PRAAS1) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by early childhood onset of annular erythematous plaques on the face and extremities with subsequent development of partial lipodystrophy and laboratory evidence of immune dysregulation. More variable features include recurrent fever, severe joint contractures, muscle weakness and atrophy, hepatosplenomegaly, basal ganglia calcifications, and microcytic anemia (summary by Agarwal et al., 2010; Kitamura et al., 2011; Arima et al., 2011).&#13; This disorder encompasses Nakajo-Nishimura syndrome (NKJO); joint contractures, muscular atrophy, microcytic anemia, and panniculitis-induced lipodystrophy (JMP syndrome); and chronic atypical neutrophilic dermatosis with lipodystrophy and elevated temperature syndrome (CANDLE). Among Japanese patients, this disorder is best described as Nakajo-Nishimura syndrome, since both Nakajo (1939) and Nishimura et al. (1950) contributed to the original phenotypic descriptions.&#13; Genetic Heterogeneity of Proteasome-Associated Autoinflammatory Syndrome&#13; See also PRAAS2 (618048), caused by mutation in the POMP gene (613386) on chromosome 13q12; PRAAS3 (617591), caused by mutation in the PSMB4 gene (602177) on chromosome 1q21; PRAAS4 (619183), caused by mutation in the PSMG2 gene (609702) on chromosome 18p11; PRAAS5 (619175), caused by mutation in the PSMB10 gene (176847) on chromosome 16q22; and PRAAS6 (620796), caused by mutation in the PSMB9 gene (177045) on chromosome 6p21.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1648310">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1684759"><div><strong>Blau syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1684759</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5201146</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Blau syndrome is characterized by the triad of granulomatous arthritis, uveitis, and dermatitis. First described in 1985, it was considered to be distinct from sarcoidosis due to the early age of onset and autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. Published reports of sporadic cases of children with 'early-onset sarcoidosis' (EOS) with granulomatous involvement of different organs, primarily affecting joints, eyes, and skin, were suspected to represent the same disorder because the patients' characteristics were nearly identical. Subsequently, identical NOD2 mutations were identified in patients with Blau syndrome as well as in patients diagnosed with EOS, confirming earlier suspicions that they represented the same disease (summary by Borzutzky et al., 2010). Unlike older children diagnosed with sarcoidosis, these patients have no apparent pulmonary involvement; however, the disease is progressive and may result in severe complications such as blindness and/or joint destruction (Shetty and Gedalia, 1998).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1684759">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1784299"><div><strong>Neurodevelopmental disorder with seizures and gingival overgrowth</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1784299</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5543395</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Neurodevelopmental disorder with seizures and gingival overgrowth (NEDSGO) is an autosomal recessive disorder with a highly variable phenotype. Some patients have early normal development with developmental regression apparent in the first years of life, whereas others present with hypotonia or delayed development. Most patients develop significant gingival hypertrophy associated with a prominent mandible or cherubism in the first years of life. Other more variable features may include coarse facial features, optic atrophy, sensorineural hearing loss, ataxia, and seizures. Brain imaging may show cerebellar or cerebral atrophy and enlarged ventricles. There is a wide phenotypic spectrum with features that may develop with age; the disorder appears to comprise a continuum of evolving neurologic manifestations (Harms et al., 2020).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1784299">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1782083"><div><strong>Faundes-Banka syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1782083</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5543554</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Faundes-Banka syndrome (FABAS) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by variable combinations of developmental delay and microcephaly, as well as micrognathia and other dysmorphic features (Faundes et al., 2021).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1782083">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1803541"><div><strong>Stüve-Wiedemann syndrome 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1803541</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5676888</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Stuve-Wiedemann syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by bowing of the long bones and other skeletal anomalies, episodic hyperthermia, respiratory distress, and feeding difficulties usually resulting in early death (Dagoneau et al., 2004).&#13; See also 'classic' Schwartz-Jampel syndrome type 1 (SJS1; 255800), a phenotypically similar but genetically distinct disorder caused by mutation in the HSPG2 gene (142461) on chromosome 1p36.&#13; Genetic Heterogeneity of Stuve-Wiedemann Syndrome&#13; Stuve-Wiedemann syndrome-2 (STWS2; 619751) is caused by mutation in the IL6ST gene (600694) on chromosome 5q11.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1803541">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1684759" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Blau syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_342798" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cerebrooculofacioskeletal syndrome 4</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1782083" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Faundes-Banka syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_120516" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Freeman-Sheldon syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_400532" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">H syndrome</a></div><div class="jig-moreless" data-jigconfig="class: 'moveDown', moreText: 'See full list (12)', lessText: 'Show less', nodeBefore: 0"><span id="clinMore">
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1784299" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neurodevelopmental disorder with seizures and gingival overgrowth</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_96590" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Osteopathia striata with cranial sclerosis</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1648310" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Proteasome-associated autoinflammatory syndrome 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_816342" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Rienhoff syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1647990" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Schwartz-Jampel syndrome type 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1803541" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Stüve-Wiedemann syndrome 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_358388" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Weill-Marchesani syndrome 2, dominant</a></div></span></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38124260">Treatment of Dynamic Claw Toe Deformity Through Lengthening of the Flexor Tendons of the Hallux and Toes at the Midfoot Level.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mansur H,
Lucas PPA,
Maranho DA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Foot Ankle Spec</span>
2024 Feb;17(1_suppl):6S-12S.
Epub 2023 Dec 20
doi: 10.1177/19386400231218338.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38124260" target="_blank">38124260</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26709688">Evaluation and management of crouch gait.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kedem P,
Scher DM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Opin Pediatr</span>
2016 Feb;28(1):55-9.
doi: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000000316.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26709688" target="_blank">26709688</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/6714860">Forefoot problems in cerebral palsy-diagnosis and management.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bleck EE</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Foot Ankle</span>
1984 Jan-Feb;4(4):188-94.
doi: 10.1177/107110078400400405.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/6714860" target="_blank">6714860</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(flexion%20contracture%20of%20toe)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (3)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37638031">H syndrome treated with Tocilizumab: two case reports and literature review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Jacquot R,
Jouret M,
Valentin MG,
Richard M,
Jamilloux Y,
Rousset F,
Emile JF,
Haroche J,
Steinmüller L,
Zekre F,
Phan A,
Belot A,
Seve P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Front Immunol</span>
2023;14:1061182.
Epub 2023 Aug 11
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1061182.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37638031" target="_blank">37638031</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10451072" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26740438">Plantar fibromatosis with flexion contracture and valgus deformity of the great toe.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Yasui Y,
Takao M,
Miyamoto W,
Matsushita T</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Orthop Sci</span>
2016 May;21(3):395-8.
Epub 2015 Jun 29
doi: 10.1016/j.jos.2015.06.003.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26740438" target="_blank">26740438</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24415128">Outcome after conservative and operative treatment of children with idiopathic toe walking: a systematic review of literature.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">van Bemmel AF,
van de Graaf VA,
van den Bekerom MP,
Vergroesen DA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Musculoskelet Surg</span>
2014 Aug;98(2):87-93.
Epub 2014 Jan 12
doi: 10.1007/s12306-013-0309-5.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24415128" target="_blank">24415128</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24390110">Surgical management of burn flexion and extension contractures of the toes.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Chang JB,
Kung TA,
Levi B,
Irwin T,
Kadakia A,
Cederna PS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Burn Care Res</span>
2014 Jan-Feb;35(1):93-101.
doi: 10.1097/BCR.0b013e3182a368fc.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24390110" target="_blank">24390110</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/8771478">Dupuytren's disease in the feet causing flexion contractures in the toes.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Donato RR,
Morrison WA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Hand Surg Br</span>
1996 Jun;21(3):364-6.
doi: 10.1016/s0266-7681(05)80204-9.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/8771478" target="_blank">8771478</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Flexion%20contracture%20of%20toe%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (26)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37638031">H syndrome treated with Tocilizumab: two case reports and literature review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Jacquot R,
Jouret M,
Valentin MG,
Richard M,
Jamilloux Y,
Rousset F,
Emile JF,
Haroche J,
Steinmüller L,
Zekre F,
Phan A,
Belot A,
Seve P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Front Immunol</span>
2023;14:1061182.
Epub 2023 Aug 11
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1061182.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37638031" target="_blank">37638031</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10451072" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36013539">Retro-Malleolar Z-Plasty of Flexor Hallucis Longus Tendon in Post-Traumatic Checkrein Deformity: A Case Series and Literature Review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Polichetti C,
Greco T,
Inverso M,
Maccauro G,
Forconi F,
Perisano C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Medicina (Kaunas)</span>
2022 Aug 10;58(8)
doi: 10.3390/medicina58081072.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36013539" target="_blank">36013539</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9412890" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26709688">Evaluation and management of crouch gait.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kedem P,
Scher DM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Opin Pediatr</span>
2016 Feb;28(1):55-9.
doi: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000000316.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26709688" target="_blank">26709688</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/9683871">Familial camptodactyly.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Brites MM,
Moreno A,
Salgado M,
Batista AP</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Dermatol</span>
1998 Jul-Aug;8(5):355-6.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/9683871" target="_blank">9683871</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/2680040">Cerebrovascular accidents.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Izzo KL,
Aravabhumi S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Podiatr Med Surg</span>
1989 Oct;6(4):745-59.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/2680040" target="_blank">2680040</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Flexion%20contracture%20of%20toe%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (25)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25972365">Toe walking as a presenting sign of systemic lupus erythematosus.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Basiaga M,
Sherry D</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Lupus</span>
2015 Oct;24(12):1335-7.
Epub 2015 May 13
doi: 10.1177/0961203315586825.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25972365" target="_blank">25972365</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4575836" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/11206822">Dorsiflexion contracture after the Weil osteotomy: results of cadaver study and three-dimensional analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Trnka HJ,
Nyska M,
Parks BG,
Myerson MS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Foot Ankle Int</span>
2001 Jan;22(1):47-50.
doi: 10.1177/107110070102200107.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/11206822" target="_blank">11206822</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/10653084">Treatment of extrinsic flexion deformity of the toes associated with previous removal of a vascularized fibular graft.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Takakura Y,
Yajima H,
Tanaka Y,
Komeda T,
Tamai S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Bone Joint Surg Am</span>
2000 Jan;82(1):58-61.
doi: 10.2106/00004623-200001000-00007.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/10653084" target="_blank">10653084</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/8574370">Clawtoe deformity following vascularized fibula graft.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bohay DR,
Manoli A 2nd</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Foot Ankle Int</span>
1995 Oct;16(10):607-9.
doi: 10.1177/107110079501601004.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/8574370" target="_blank">8574370</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/8563920">Treatment of symptomatic hammertoe with a proximal interphalangeal joint arthrodesis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lehman DE,
Smith RW</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Foot Ankle Int</span>
1995 Sep;16(9):535-41.
doi: 10.1177/107110079501600904.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/8563920" target="_blank">8563920</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Flexion%20contracture%20of%20toe%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (8)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26740438">Plantar fibromatosis with flexion contracture and valgus deformity of the great toe.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Yasui Y,
Takao M,
Miyamoto W,
Matsushita T</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Orthop Sci</span>
2016 May;21(3):395-8.
Epub 2015 Jun 29
doi: 10.1016/j.jos.2015.06.003.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26740438" target="_blank">26740438</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/21654472">Orthopaedic conditions in Ras/MAPK related disorders.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Reinker KA,
Stevenson DA,
Tsung A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Pediatr Orthop</span>
2011 Jul-Aug;31(5):599-605.
doi: 10.1097/BPO.0b013e318220396e.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/21654472" target="_blank">21654472</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17685454">Pediatric mandibular reconstruction using a vascularized fibula flap.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Crosby MA,
Martin JW,
Robb GL,
Chang DW</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Head Neck</span>
2008 Mar;30(3):311-9.
doi: 10.1002/hed.20695.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17685454" target="_blank">17685454</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/8771478">Dupuytren's disease in the feet causing flexion contractures in the toes.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Donato RR,
Morrison WA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Hand Surg Br</span>
1996 Jun;21(3):364-6.
doi: 10.1016/s0266-7681(05)80204-9.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/8771478" target="_blank">8771478</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/2680040">Cerebrovascular accidents.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Izzo KL,
Aravabhumi S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Podiatr Med Surg</span>
1989 Oct;6(4):745-59.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/2680040" target="_blank">2680040</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Flexion%20contracture%20of%20toe%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (16)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38468132">Free vascularized fibula leads to hallux toe flexion deformity due to ischemic muscle contracture of flexor hallucis longus.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wu H,
Hu Y,
Wang Z,
Liu Y,
Han J,
Zhang C,
Zhai Z,
Liu J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Head Neck</span>
2024 Jun;46(6):1390-1399.
Epub 2024 Mar 11
doi: 10.1002/hed.27719.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38468132" target="_blank">38468132</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36013539">Retro-Malleolar Z-Plasty of Flexor Hallucis Longus Tendon in Post-Traumatic Checkrein Deformity: A Case Series and Literature Review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Polichetti C,
Greco T,
Inverso M,
Maccauro G,
Forconi F,
Perisano C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Medicina (Kaunas)</span>
2022 Aug 10;58(8)
doi: 10.3390/medicina58081072.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36013539" target="_blank">36013539</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9412890" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31589597">Predicting gait adaptations due to ankle plantarflexor muscle weakness and contracture using physics-based musculoskeletal simulations.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ong CF,
Geijtenbeek T,
Hicks JL,
Delp SL</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">PLoS Comput Biol</span>
2019 Oct;15(10):e1006993.
Epub 2019 Oct 7
doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006993.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31589597" target="_blank">31589597</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6797212" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28815843">Ilizarov technique and limited surgical methods for correction of post-traumatic talipes equinovarus in children.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wang XJ,
Chang F,
Su Y,
Chen B,
Song JF,
Wei XC,
Wei L</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">ANZ J Surg</span>
2017 Oct;87(10):815-819.
Epub 2017 Aug 16
doi: 10.1111/ans.14123.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28815843" target="_blank">28815843</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6100764" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24415128">Outcome after conservative and operative treatment of children with idiopathic toe walking: a systematic review of literature.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">van Bemmel AF,
van de Graaf VA,
van den Bekerom MP,
Vergroesen DA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Musculoskelet Surg</span>
2014 Aug;98(2):87-93.
Epub 2014 Jan 12
doi: 10.1007/s12306-013-0309-5.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24415128" target="_blank">24415128</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Flexion%20contracture%20of%20toe%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (12)</a></div></div>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24415128">Outcome after conservative and operative treatment of children with idiopathic toe walking: a systematic review of literature.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">van Bemmel AF,
van de Graaf VA,
van den Bekerom MP,
Vergroesen DA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Musculoskelet Surg</span>
2014 Aug;98(2):87-93.
Epub 2014 Jan 12
doi: 10.1007/s12306-013-0309-5.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24415128" target="_blank">24415128</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Flexion%20contracture%20of%20toe%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(flexion%20contracture%20of%20toe)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">PubMed</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li><li><a target="_blank" href="/books/?term=((%22clinical%20guidelines%22%5BResource%20Type%5D)%20OR%20%22practice%20guideline%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)%20AND%20(%22Flexion%20contracture%20of%20toe%22)">Bookshelf</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li></ul></div>
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