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<meta name="keywords" content="C0040137, neoplastic process, nodule of the thyroid, nodule of the thyroid gland, nodule of thyroid, nodule of thyroid gland, nodule, thyroid, nodules, thyroid, thyroid gland nodule, thyroid nodule, thyroid nodules, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="A nodular lesion that develops in the thyroid gland. The term &quot;thyroid nodule&quot; refers to any abnormal growth that forms a lump in the thyroid gland." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<!--
UID=21547
ConceptID=C0040137
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Thyroid nodule</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>21547</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0040137</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Neoplastic Process</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
<td>Nodule, Thyroid; Nodules, Thyroid; Thyroid Nodule; Thyroid Nodules</td></tr>
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
<td>Thyroid nodule (237495005)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0025388">HP:0025388</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table></div><div class="rprt-body jig-ncbiinpagenav" data-jigconfig="smoothScroll: false, gotoTopLink: true, gotoTopLinkText: '', gotoTopLinkAttrs: {'title': 'Go to the top of the page'},allHeadingLevels: ['h1'], topOfPageTOC: true, tocId: 'my-toc'"><div id="rprt-tabs-1" class="rprt-tab"><div id="tb-termsProp-1"><div class="leftCol mgCol"><div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">A nodular lesion that develops in the thyroid gland. The term "thyroid nodule" refers to any abnormal growth that forms a lump in the thyroid gland. [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline">Thyroid nodule</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867443" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Phenotypic abnormality">Phenotypic abnormality</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/893021" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the endocrine system">Abnormality of the endocrine system</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1378579" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the thyroid gland">Abnormality of the thyroid gland</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868790" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal thyroid morphology">Abnormal thyroid morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Thyroid nodule</span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/56228" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Thyroid adenoma">Thyroid adenoma</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1550508" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Follicular thyroid adenoma">Follicular thyroid adenoma</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868789" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Thyroid macrofollicular adenoma">Thyroid macrofollicular adenoma</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868788" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Thyroid microfollicular adenoma">Thyroid microfollicular adenoma</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/237009" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Hurthle cell thyroid adenoma">Hurthle cell thyroid adenoma</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868786" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Thyroid atypical adenoma">Thyroid atypical adenoma</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1670480" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Thyroid Gland Black Follicular Adenoma">Thyroid Gland Black Follicular Adenoma</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/354252" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Thyroid Gland Clear Cell Follicular Adenoma">Thyroid Gland Clear Cell Follicular Adenoma</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/137743" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Thyroid gland fetal adenoma">Thyroid gland fetal adenoma</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/354253" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Thyroid Gland Follicular Adenoma with Bizarre Nuclei">Thyroid Gland Follicular Adenoma with Bizarre Nuclei</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/313775" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Thyroid Gland Follicular Adenoma with Papillary Hyperplasia">Thyroid Gland Follicular Adenoma with Papillary Hyperplasia</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/354255" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Thyroid Gland Hyperfunctioning Adenoma">Thyroid Gland Hyperfunctioning Adenoma</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/313776" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Thyroid Gland Lipoadenoma">Thyroid Gland Lipoadenoma</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/90763" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Thyroid gland macrofollicular adenoma">Thyroid gland macrofollicular adenoma</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/313778" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Thyroid Gland Mucinous Follicular Adenoma">Thyroid Gland Mucinous Follicular Adenoma</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/354254" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Thyroid Gland Signet Ring Cell Follicular Adenoma">Thyroid Gland Signet Ring Cell Follicular Adenoma</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1666446" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Thyroid Gland Spindle Cell Follicular Adenoma">Thyroid Gland Spindle Cell Follicular Adenoma</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868787" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Thyroid papillary adenoma">Thyroid papillary adenoma</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_9958"><div><strong>Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>9958</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0025268</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Neoplastic Process</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2) includes the following phenotypes: MEN2A, familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (FMTC, which may be a variant of MEN2A), and MEN2B. All three phenotypes involve high risk for development of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (MTC); MEN2A and MEN2B involve an increased risk for pheochromocytoma; MEN2A involves an increased risk for parathyroid adenoma or hyperplasia. Additional features of MEN2B include mucosal neuromas of the lips and tongue, distinctive facies with enlarged lips, ganglioneuromatosis of the gastrointestinal tract, and a marfanoid habitus. MTC typically occurs in early childhood in MEN2B, early adulthood in MEN2A, and middle age in FMTC.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/9958">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_357232"><div><strong>Rhabdomyosarcoma, embryonal, 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>357232</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1867234</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Neoplastic Process</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">DICER1 tumor predisposition (DICER1) is characterized by an increased risk for pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB), pulmonary cysts, thyroid gland neoplasia (multinodular goiter, adenomas, and/or thyroid cancer), ovarian tumors (Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor, gynandroblastoma, and sarcoma), and cystic nephroma. Less commonly observed tumors include ciliary body medulloepithelioma, nasal chondromesenchymal hamartoma, embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, pituitary blastoma, pineoblastoma, central nervous system (CNS) sarcoma, other CNS tumors, and presacral malignant teratoid tumor. The majority of tumors occur in individuals younger than age 40 years. PPB typically presents in infants and children younger than age six years. Ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors are most often diagnosed before age 40 years. Cystic nephroma generally presents in young children but has also been reported in adolescents. Additional clinical features that may be seen include macrocephaly, ocular abnormalities, structural anomalies of the kidney and collecting system, and dental anomalies (bulbous crowns).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/357232">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_9958" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_357232" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Rhabdomyosarcoma, embryonal, 2</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37358008">2023 European Thyroid Association Clinical Practice Guidelines for thyroid nodule management.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Durante C,
Hegedüs L,
Czarniecka A,
Paschke R,
Russ G,
Schmitt F,
Soares P,
Solymosi T,
Papini E</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur Thyroid J</span>
2023 Oct 1;12(5)
Epub 2023 Aug 14
doi: 10.1530/ETJ-23-0067.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37358008" target="_blank">37358008</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10448590" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35752201">Management of thyroid nodules.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Alexander EK,
Doherty GM,
Barletta JA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol</span>
2022 Jul;10(7):540-548.
doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(22)00139-5.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35752201" target="_blank">35752201</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32491169">Contemporary Thyroid Nodule Evaluation and Management.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Grani G,
Sponziello M,
Pecce V,
Ramundo V,
Durante C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Clin Endocrinol Metab</span>
2020 Sep 1;105(9):2869-83.
doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa322.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32491169" target="_blank">32491169</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7365695" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22thyroid%20nodule%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (323)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37023783">Thyroid cancer.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Chen DW,
Lang BHH,
McLeod DSA,
Newbold K,
Haymart MR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Lancet</span>
2023 May 6;401(10387):1531-1544.
Epub 2023 Apr 3
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(23)00020-X.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37023783" target="_blank">37023783</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35752201">Management of thyroid nodules.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Alexander EK,
Doherty GM,
Barletta JA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol</span>
2022 Jul;10(7):540-548.
doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(22)00139-5.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35752201" target="_blank">35752201</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35752200">Diagnosis of thyroid nodules.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Alexander EK,
Cibas ES</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol</span>
2022 Jul;10(7):533-539.
doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(22)00101-2.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35752200" target="_blank">35752200</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32491169">Contemporary Thyroid Nodule Evaluation and Management.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Grani G,
Sponziello M,
Pecce V,
Ramundo V,
Durante C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Clin Endocrinol Metab</span>
2020 Sep 1;105(9):2869-83.
doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa322.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32491169" target="_blank">32491169</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7365695" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23949366">Thyroid nodule.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Purgina BM,
Bastaki JM,
Pantanowitz L,
Yip L,
Seethala RR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg</span>
2013 Aug 1;139(8):855-7.
doi: 10.1001/jamaoto.2013.3816.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23949366" target="_blank">23949366</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Thyroid%20nodule%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (5018)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35752201">Management of thyroid nodules.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Alexander EK,
Doherty GM,
Barletta JA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol</span>
2022 Jul;10(7):540-548.
doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(22)00139-5.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35752201" target="_blank">35752201</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32491169">Contemporary Thyroid Nodule Evaluation and Management.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Grani G,
Sponziello M,
Pecce V,
Ramundo V,
Durante C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Clin Endocrinol Metab</span>
2020 Sep 1;105(9):2869-83.
doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa322.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32491169" target="_blank">32491169</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7365695" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29996756">Thyroid nodules: diagnosis and management.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wong R,
Farrell SG,
Grossmann M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Med J Aust</span>
2018 Jul 16;209(2):92-98.
doi: 10.5694/mja17.01204.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29996756" target="_blank">29996756</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27840362">Current Diagnosis and Management of Thyroid Nodules.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Pemayun TG</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Acta Med Indones</span>
2016 Jul;48(3):247-257.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27840362" target="_blank">27840362</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23949366">Thyroid nodule.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Purgina BM,
Bastaki JM,
Pantanowitz L,
Yip L,
Seethala RR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg</span>
2013 Aug 1;139(8):855-7.
doi: 10.1001/jamaoto.2013.3816.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23949366" target="_blank">23949366</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Thyroid%20nodule%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (6168)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37023783">Thyroid cancer.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Chen DW,
Lang BHH,
McLeod DSA,
Newbold K,
Haymart MR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Lancet</span>
2023 May 6;401(10387):1531-1544.
Epub 2023 Apr 3
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(23)00020-X.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37023783" target="_blank">37023783</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35551801">Advanced Techniques for Thyroid Nodule Radiofrequency Ablation.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lyung Jung S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Tech Vasc Interv Radiol</span>
2022 Jun;25(2):100820.
Epub 2022 Mar 11
doi: 10.1016/j.tvir.2022.100820.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35551801" target="_blank">35551801</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26696194">Thyroid Nodule of the Breast.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ye MN,
Zhang WH,
Yuan YX,
Zhang XY,
Chen HF</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Breast J</span>
2016 Mar-Apr;22(2):240-3.
Epub 2015 Dec 23
doi: 10.1111/tbj.12557.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26696194" target="_blank">26696194</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/15496625">Clinical practice. The thyroid nodule.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hegedüs L</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">N Engl J Med</span>
2004 Oct 21;351(17):1764-71.
doi: 10.1056/NEJMcp031436.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/15496625" target="_blank">15496625</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/8814121">Treatment options for hyperthyroidism.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wartofsky L</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Hosp Pract (1995)</span>
1996 Sep 15;31(9):69-73, 76-8, 81-4.
doi: 10.1080/21548331.1996.11443345.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/8814121" target="_blank">8814121</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Thyroid%20nodule%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1447)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37658569">Ultrasound investigation and management of the thyroid nodule.Tirads classification.Patient's follow-up after thyroidectomy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Destanis EG</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Hell J Nucl Med</span>
2023 May-Aug;26 Suppl:69-82.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37658569" target="_blank">37658569</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33058005">TSH lowering effects of metformin: a possible mechanism of action.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cannarella R,
Condorelli RA,
Barbagallo F,
Aversa A,
Calogero AE,
La Vignera S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Endocrinol Invest</span>
2021 Jul;44(7):1547-1550.
Epub 2020 Oct 14
doi: 10.1007/s40618-020-01445-9.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33058005" target="_blank">33058005</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8195970" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32900166">Thyroid nodules - investigation and follow-up.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Tangerud Å,
Sigstad E,
Fagerlid KH,
Paulsen TH,
Norheim I</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen</span>
2020 Sep 8;140(12)
Epub 2020 Sep 3
doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.20.0186.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32900166" target="_blank">32900166</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29627945">Chernobyl-related thyroid cancer.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Jargin SV</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Epidemiol</span>
2018 Apr;33(4):429-431.
Epub 2018 Apr 7
doi: 10.1007/s10654-018-0391-y.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29627945" target="_blank">29627945</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23949366">Thyroid nodule.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Purgina BM,
Bastaki JM,
Pantanowitz L,
Yip L,
Seethala RR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg</span>
2013 Aug 1;139(8):855-7.
doi: 10.1001/jamaoto.2013.3816.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23949366" target="_blank">23949366</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Thyroid%20nodule%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (2973)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33766289">Deep learning-based artificial intelligence model to assist thyroid nodule diagnosis and management: a multicentre diagnostic study.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Peng S,
Liu Y,
Lv W,
Liu L,
Zhou Q,
Yang H,
Ren J,
Liu G,
Wang X,
Zhang X,
Du Q,
Nie F,
Huang G,
Guo Y,
Li J,
Liang J,
Hu H,
Xiao H,
Liu Z,
Lai F,
Zheng Q,
Wang H,
Li Y,
Alexander EK,
Wang W,
Xiao H</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Lancet Digit Health</span>
2021 Apr;3(4):e250-e259.
doi: 10.1016/S2589-7500(21)00041-8.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33766289" target="_blank">33766289</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33147352">Which Ultrasound Classification System is Best at Reducing Unnecessary Thyroid Nodule Biopsies?</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Flam JO,
Mehta V,
Smith RV</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Laryngoscope</span>
2021 Aug;131(8):1695-1696.
Epub 2020 Nov 4
doi: 10.1002/lary.29248.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33147352" target="_blank">33147352</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30419129">Performance of a Multigene Genomic Classifier in Thyroid Nodules With Indeterminate Cytology: A Prospective Blinded Multicenter Study.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Steward DL,
Carty SE,
Sippel RS,
Yang SP,
Sosa JA,
Sipos JA,
Figge JJ,
Mandel S,
Haugen BR,
Burman KD,
Baloch ZW,
Lloyd RV,
Seethala RR,
Gooding WE,
Chiosea SI,
Gomes-Lima C,
Ferris RL,
Folek JM,
Khawaja RA,
Kundra P,
Loh KS,
Marshall CB,
Mayson S,
McCoy KL,
Nga ME,
Ngiam KY,
Nikiforova MN,
Poehls JL,
Ringel MD,
Yang H,
Yip L,
Nikiforov YE</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAMA Oncol</span>
2019 Feb 1;5(2):204-212.
doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.4616.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30419129" target="_blank">30419129</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6439562" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30190135">Updates in Thyroid Cytology.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Nishino M,
Krane JF</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Surg Pathol Clin</span>
2018 Sep;11(3):467-487.
doi: 10.1016/j.path.2018.05.002.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30190135" target="_blank">30190135</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26177315">Pitfalls in the Cytological Assessment of Thyroid Nodules.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Canberk Ş,
Fırat P,
Schmitt F</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Turk Patoloji Derg</span>
2015;31 Suppl 1:18-33.
doi: 10.5146/tjpath.2015.01312.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26177315" target="_blank">26177315</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Thyroid%20nodule%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (3249)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_104">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_systematic_reviews">Recent systematic reviews</h1><a sid="104" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36752367">Diagnostic Performance of Six Ultrasound Risk Stratification Systems for Thyroid Nodules: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kim DH,
Kim SW,
Basurrah MA,
Lee J,
Hwang SH</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">AJR Am J Roentgenol</span>
2023 Jun;220(6):791-803.
Epub 2023 Feb 8
doi: 10.2214/AJR.22.28556.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36752367" target="_blank">36752367</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34801184">Echographic findings in ectopic intrathyroidal thymic tissue in children. A systematic review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Gómez-Herrera J,
Melo-Uribe MA,
Parra-Medina R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Radiologia (Engl Ed)</span>
2021 Nov-Dec;63(6):512-518.
doi: 10.1016/j.rxeng.2021.06.002.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34801184" target="_blank">34801184</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34456874">Outcomes of Minimally Invasive Thyroid Surgery - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">de Vries LH,
Aykan D,
Lodewijk L,
Damen JAA,
Borel Rinkes IHM,
Vriens MR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)</span>
2021;12:719397.
Epub 2021 Aug 12
doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.719397.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34456874" target="_blank">34456874</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8387875" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32083722">What is the Role of Transoral Thyroidectomy?</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Chang BA,
Asarkar AA,
Nathan CO</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Laryngoscope</span>
2020 Sep;130(9):2096-2097.
Epub 2020 Feb 21
doi: 10.1002/lary.28578.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32083722" target="_blank">32083722</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28629126">Differentiated Thyroid Cancer-Treatment: State of the Art.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Schmidbauer B,
Menhart K,
Hellwig D,
Grosse J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int J Mol Sci</span>
2017 Jun 17;18(6)
doi: 10.3390/ijms18061292.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28629126" target="_blank">28629126</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5486113" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
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