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<meta name="keywords" content="C0038506, dysphemia, mental or behavioral dysfunction, non-fluent speech, stammering, stutter, stuttering, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Disruptions in the production of speech sounds, with involuntary repetitions of words or parts of words, prolongations of speech sounds, or complete blockage of speech production for several seconds." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<!--
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UID=20981
|
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ConceptID=C0038506
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-->
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<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Stuttering</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>20981</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0038506</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
|
||
<td>Dysphemia; Non-fluent speech; Stammering; Stutter</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
|
||
<td>Stuttering (39423001); Stutter (39423001); Non-fluent speech (39423001); Dysphemia (39423001)</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
|
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<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0025268">HP:0025268</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln">Disruptions in the production of speech sounds, with involuntary repetitions of words or parts of words, prolongations of speech sounds, or complete blockage of speech production for several seconds. [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test, </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test, </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM, </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>, </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="TLline">Stuttering</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868417" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal nervous system physiology">Abnormal nervous system physiology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868938" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of mental function">Abnormality of mental function</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1052794" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal cognitive process">Abnormal cognitive process</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1842075" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal communication">Abnormal communication</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1841539" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal language feature">Abnormal language feature</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1853271" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal speech pattern">Abnormal speech pattern</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Stuttering</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_61232"><div><strong>Sotos syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>61232</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C0175695</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Sotos syndrome is characterized by a distinctive facial appearance (broad and prominent forehead with a dolichocephalic head shape, sparse frontotemporal hair, downslanting palpebral fissures, malar flushing, long and narrow face, long chin); learning disability (early developmental delay, mild-to-severe intellectual impairment); and overgrowth (height and/or head circumference =2 SD above the mean). These three clinical features are considered the cardinal features of Sotos syndrome. Major features of Sotos syndrome include behavioral findings (most notably autistic spectrum disorder), advanced bone age, cardiac anomalies, cranial MRI/CT abnormalities, joint hyperlaxity with or without pes planus, maternal preeclampsia, neonatal complications, renal anomalies, scoliosis, and seizures.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/61232">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_333393"><div><strong>Wilson-Turner syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>333393</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1839736</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Wilson-Turner syndrome (WTS) is an X-linked recessive neurologic disorder characterized by intellectual disability, dysmorphic facial features, hypogonadism, short stature, and truncal obesity. Females are unaffected (Wilson et al., 1991).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/333393">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_419177"><div><strong>Familial hypertryptophanemia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>419177</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C2931837</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Congenital hypertryptophanemia, which is accompanied by hyperserotonemia, does not appear to have significant clinical consequences (Ferreira et al., 2017).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/419177">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_483580"><div><strong>Stuttering, familial persistent, 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>483580</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3489627</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Stuttering is a disorder of the flow of speech characterized by involuntary repetitions or prolongations of sounds or syllables, and by interruptions of speech known as blocks (summary by Raza et al., 2010). Stuttering typically arises in young children, where it affects at least 15% of those in age range 4 to 6 years (Bloodstein, 1995). Stuttering usually resolves spontaneously before adolescence, leading to a population prevalence of 1 to 2% among adults. Stuttering beyond childhood is characterized by a significant bias towards males, with males outnumbering females by a ratio of 3:1 to 5:1 (Yairi et al., 1996). Genetic Heterogeneity of Familial Persistent Stuttering Also see STUT2 (609261), mapped to chromosome 12q24; STUT3 (614655), mapped to chromosome 3q; and STUT4 (614668) mapped to chromosome 16q.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/483580">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_813060"><div><strong>X-linked intellectual disability, Cantagrel type</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>813060</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3806730</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">X-linked intellectual developmental disorder-98 (XLID98) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by delayed psychomotor development, poor speech, behavioral abnormalities, poor overall growth, dysmorphic facial features, and often early-onset seizures. Some carrier females are unaffected, whereas other females with mutations are affected; males tend to be more severely affected than females. It is believed that the phenotypic variability and disease manifestations in female carriers results from skewed X-inactivation or cellular mosaicism (summary by de Lange et al., 2016).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/813060">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1648495"><div><strong>Snijders Blok-Campeau syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1648495</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4748701</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Snijders Blok-Campeau syndrome (SNIBCPS) is an autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by global developmental delay with impaired intellectual development and delayed speech acquisition. Affected individuals tend to have expressive language deficits, with speech apraxia and dysarthria. Other features include macrocephaly and characteristic facial features, such as prominent forehead and hypertelorism, hypotonia, and joint laxity. The severity of the neurologic deficits and presence of nonneurologic features is variable (summary by Snijders Blok et al., 2018).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1648495">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1800507"><div><strong>Acute infantile liver failure-cerebellar ataxia-peripheral sensory motor neuropathy syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1800507</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5569084</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia-21 (SCAR21) is a neurologic disorder characterized by onset of cerebellar ataxia associated with cerebellar atrophy in early childhood. Affected individuals also have recurrent episodes of liver failure in the first decade, resulting in chronic liver fibrosis, as well as later onset of a peripheral neuropathy. Mild learning disabilities may also occur (summary by Schmidt et al., 2015). The phenotype is highly variable: all patients appear to have episodic and severe liver dysfunction in early childhood that tends to resolve with age. Affected individuals also show mild developmental or language delay and/or later onset of variable neurologic features, such as motor dysfunction (summary by Lenz et al., 2018).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1800507">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1847194"><div><strong>Neurodevelopmental disorder with impaired language, behavioral abnormalities, and dysmorphic facies</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1847194</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5882686</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Neurodevelopmental disorder with impaired language, behavioral abnormalities, and dysmorphic facies (NEDLBF) is characterized by global developmental delay, speech delay, variably impaired intellectual development, behavioral abnormalities, and dysmorphic facial features. The phenotype and severity of the disorder is heterogeneous, ranging from borderline to severe. Brain imaging is usually normal. More variable additional features include early feeding difficulties, failure to thrive, short stature, mild visual impairment, hypotonia, seizures (particularly febrile), and distal skeletal defects of the hands and feet (Jia et al., 2022).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1847194">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1800507" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Acute infantile liver failure-cerebellar ataxia-peripheral sensory motor neuropathy syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_419177" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Familial hypertryptophanemia</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1847194" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neurodevelopmental disorder with impaired language, behavioral abnormalities, and dysmorphic facies</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1648495" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Snijders Blok-Campeau syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_61232" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Sotos syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_483580" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Stuttering, familial persistent, 1</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_333393" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Wilson-Turner syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_813060" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">X-linked intellectual disability, Cantagrel type</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35751980">Stuttering interventions for children, adolescents, and adults: a systematic review as a part of clinical guidelines.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Laiho A,
|
||
Elovaara H,
|
||
Kaisamatti K,
|
||
Luhtalampi K,
|
||
Talaskivi L,
|
||
Pohja S,
|
||
Routamo-Jaatela K,
|
||
Vuorio E</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Commun Disord</span>
|
||
2022 Sep-Oct;99:106242.
|
||
Epub 2022 Jun 16
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2022.106242.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35751980" target="_blank">35751980</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35169374">Neurogenic Stuttering: Etiology, Symptomatology, and Treatment.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Junuzovic-Zunic L,
|
||
Sinanovic O,
|
||
Majic B</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Med Arch</span>
|
||
2021 Dec;75(6):456-461.
|
||
doi: 10.5455/medarh.2021.75.456-461.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35169374" target="_blank">35169374</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8802677" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30142642">What Are the Options for the Treatment of Stuttering in Preschool Children?</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Shenker RC,
|
||
Santayana G</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Semin Speech Lang</span>
|
||
2018 Sep;39(4):313-323.
|
||
Epub 2018 Aug 24
|
||
doi: 10.1055/s-0038-1667160.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30142642" target="_blank">30142642</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22stuttering%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (259)</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
|
||
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35751980">Stuttering interventions for children, adolescents, and adults: a systematic review as a part of clinical guidelines.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Laiho A,
|
||
Elovaara H,
|
||
Kaisamatti K,
|
||
Luhtalampi K,
|
||
Talaskivi L,
|
||
Pohja S,
|
||
Routamo-Jaatela K,
|
||
Vuorio E</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Commun Disord</span>
|
||
2022 Sep-Oct;99:106242.
|
||
Epub 2022 Jun 16
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2022.106242.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35751980" target="_blank">35751980</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30142642">What Are the Options for the Treatment of Stuttering in Preschool Children?</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Shenker RC,
|
||
Santayana G</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Semin Speech Lang</span>
|
||
2018 Sep;39(4):313-323.
|
||
Epub 2018 Aug 24
|
||
doi: 10.1055/s-0038-1667160.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30142642" target="_blank">30142642</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25880903">Evidence for a rhythm perception deficit in children who stutter.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wieland EA,
|
||
McAuley JD,
|
||
Dilley LC,
|
||
Chang SE</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Brain Lang</span>
|
||
2015 May;144:26-34.
|
||
Epub 2015 Apr 13
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.bandl.2015.03.008.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25880903" target="_blank">25880903</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5382013" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23275413">Behavioral stuttering interventions for children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Nye C,
|
||
Vanryckeghem M,
|
||
Schwartz JB,
|
||
Herder C,
|
||
Turner HM 3rd,
|
||
Howard C</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Speech Lang Hear Res</span>
|
||
2013 Jun;56(3):921-32.
|
||
Epub 2012 Dec 28
|
||
doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2012/12-0036).
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23275413" target="_blank">23275413</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/7174956">Communication therapy.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lucas T</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Adolesc</span>
|
||
1982 Sep;5(3):285-99.
|
||
doi: 10.1016/s0140-1971(82)80031-6.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/7174956" target="_blank">7174956</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Stuttering%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1393)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35169374">Neurogenic Stuttering: Etiology, Symptomatology, and Treatment.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Junuzovic-Zunic L,
|
||
Sinanovic O,
|
||
Majic B</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Med Arch</span>
|
||
2021 Dec;75(6):456-461.
|
||
doi: 10.5455/medarh.2021.75.456-461.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35169374" target="_blank">35169374</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8802677" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31674746">Stuttering: Understanding and Treating a Common Disability.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sander RW,
|
||
Osborne CA</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am Fam Physician</span>
|
||
2019 Nov 1;100(9):556-560.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31674746" target="_blank">31674746</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27303004">Stuttering: Clinical and research update.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Perez HR,
|
||
Stoeckle JH</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Can Fam Physician</span>
|
||
2016 Jun;62(6):479-84.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27303004" target="_blank">27303004</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4907555" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/2242640">Stuttering.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Leung AK,
|
||
Robson WL</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Pediatr (Phila)</span>
|
||
1990 Sep;29(9):498-502.
|
||
doi: 10.1177/000992289002900901.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/2242640" target="_blank">2242640</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/2199728">What is stuttering?</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Perkins WH</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Speech Hear Disord</span>
|
||
1990 Aug;55(3):370-82; discussion 394-7.
|
||
doi: 10.1044/jshd.5503.370.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/2199728" target="_blank">2199728</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Stuttering%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1051)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32439029">New Medications for Neuropsychiatric Disorders.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Reddy HM,
|
||
Poole JS,
|
||
Maguire GA,
|
||
Stahl SM</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Psychiatr Clin North Am</span>
|
||
2020 Jun;43(2):399-413.
|
||
Epub 2020 Apr 8
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.psc.2020.02.008.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32439029" target="_blank">32439029</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31418914">Methylphenidate and stuttering.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Trenque T,
|
||
Claustre G,
|
||
Herlem E,
|
||
Djerada Z,
|
||
Trenque A,
|
||
Morel A,
|
||
Azzouz B</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Br J Clin Pharmacol</span>
|
||
2019 Nov;85(11):2634-2637.
|
||
Epub 2019 Sep 12
|
||
doi: 10.1111/bcp.14097.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31418914" target="_blank">31418914</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6848957" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27303004">Stuttering: Clinical and research update.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Perez HR,
|
||
Stoeckle JH</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Can Fam Physician</span>
|
||
2016 Jun;62(6):479-84.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27303004" target="_blank">27303004</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4907555" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/10832952">Hashimoto's encephalopathy.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Chen HC,
|
||
Marsharani U</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">South Med J</span>
|
||
2000 May;93(5):504-6.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/10832952" target="_blank">10832952</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/1055116">Haloperidol.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Barker P</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Child Psychol Psychiatry</span>
|
||
1975 Apr;16(2):169-72.
|
||
doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1975.tb01266.x.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/1055116" target="_blank">1055116</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Stuttering%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (493)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24135215">Priapism in children: a comprehensive review and clinical guideline.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Donaldson JF,
|
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Rees RW,
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Steinbrecher HA</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Pediatr Urol</span>
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2014 Feb;10(1):11-24.
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24135215" target="_blank">24135215</a></div>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/21315253">Sensorimotor integration in speech processing: computational basis and neural organization.</a></div>
|
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hickok G,
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Houde J,
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neuron</span>
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2011 Feb 10;69(3):407-22.
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doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2011.01.019.
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|
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/14966540">What causes stuttering?</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Büchel C,
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Sommer M</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">PLoS Biol</span>
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2004 Feb;2(2):E46.
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/14966540" target="_blank">14966540</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC340949" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/10832952">Hashimoto's encephalopathy.</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Chen HC,
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2000 May;93(5):504-6.
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/10832952" target="_blank">10832952</a></div>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/8006205">An epidemiologic study of stuttering.</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ardila A,
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Bateman JR,
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Niño CR,
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Pulido E,
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/8006205" target="_blank">8006205</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Stuttering%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (534)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27750253">Toward a Theory of Stuttering.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mawson AR,
|
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Radford NT,
|
||
Jacob B</span><br />
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||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur Neurol</span>
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||
2016;76(5-6):244-251.
|
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Epub 2016 Oct 18
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doi: 10.1159/000452215.
|
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27750253" target="_blank">27750253</a></div>
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||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26218228">Direct versus Indirect Treatment for Preschool Children who Stutter: The RESTART Randomized Trial.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">de Sonneville-Koedoot C,
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Stolk E,
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Rietveld T,
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Franken MC</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">PLoS One</span>
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2015;10(7):e0133758.
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||
Epub 2015 Jul 28
|
||
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133758.
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26218228" target="_blank">26218228</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4517884" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
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||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/19710179">How the brain repairs stuttering.</a></div>
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||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kell CA,
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Neumann K,
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von Kriegstein K,
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Posenenske C,
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von Gudenberg AW,
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Euler H,
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Brain</span>
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2009 Oct;132(Pt 10):2747-60.
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/19710179" target="_blank">19710179</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/12506449">Stuttering and social anxiety.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kraaimaat FW,
|
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Vanryckeghem M,
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Van Dam-Baggen R</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Fluency Disord</span>
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||
2002 Winter;27(4):319-30; quiz 330-1.
|
||
doi: 10.1016/s0094-730x(02)00160-2.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/12506449" target="_blank">12506449</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/662555">Delayed auditory feedback and the speech of stuttering and non-stuttering children.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Timmons BA,
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Boudreau JP</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Percept Mot Skills</span>
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1978 Apr;46(2):551-5.
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||
doi: 10.2466/pms.1978.46.2.551.
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||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/662555" target="_blank">662555</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Stuttering%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (984)</a></div></div>
|
||
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|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_104">
|
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_systematic_reviews">Recent systematic reviews</h1><a sid="104" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln">
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37132698">Behavioral assessment of auditory processing in adulthood: population of interest and tests - a systematic review.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lunardelo PP,
|
||
Fukuda MTH,
|
||
Stefanelli ACGF,
|
||
Zanchetta S</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Codas</span>
|
||
2023;35(2):e20220044.
|
||
Epub 2023 May 1
|
||
doi: 10.1590/2317-1782/20232022044pt.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37132698" target="_blank">37132698</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10162648" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35751980">Stuttering interventions for children, adolescents, and adults: a systematic review as a part of clinical guidelines.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Laiho A,
|
||
Elovaara H,
|
||
Kaisamatti K,
|
||
Luhtalampi K,
|
||
Talaskivi L,
|
||
Pohja S,
|
||
Routamo-Jaatela K,
|
||
Vuorio E</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Commun Disord</span>
|
||
2022 Sep-Oct;99:106242.
|
||
Epub 2022 Jun 16
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2022.106242.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35751980" target="_blank">35751980</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32033724">Rare disorders of penile erection.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Burnett AL</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Fertil Steril</span>
|
||
2020 Jan;113(1):6-12.
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.11.013.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32033724" target="_blank">32033724</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29642734">Language development in children who stutter: A review of recent research.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Nippold MA</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int J Speech Lang Pathol</span>
|
||
2019 Aug;21(4):368-376.
|
||
Epub 2018 Apr 11
|
||
doi: 10.1080/17549507.2018.1457721.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29642734" target="_blank">29642734</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23275413">Behavioral stuttering interventions for children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Nye C,
|
||
Vanryckeghem M,
|
||
Schwartz JB,
|
||
Herder C,
|
||
Turner HM 3rd,
|
||
Howard C</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Speech Lang Hear Res</span>
|
||
2013 Jun;56(3):921-32.
|
||
Epub 2012 Dec 28
|
||
doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2012/12-0036).
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23275413" target="_blank">23275413</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Stuttering%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (45)</a></div></div>
|
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|
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<div class="supplemental col three_col last">
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<h2 class="offscreen_noflow">Supplemental Content</h2>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22stuttering%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">PubMed</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li><li><a target="_blank" href="/books/?term=((%22clinical%20guidelines%22%5BResource%20Type%5D)%20OR%20%22practice%20guideline%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)%20AND%20(%22Stuttering%22)">Bookshelf</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li></ul></div>
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<a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/accessibility.html" class="text-white">Accessibility</a><br />
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<a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/careers/careers.html" class="text-white">Careers</a></p>
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<li>
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<a class="text-white" href="//www.nlm.nih.gov/">NLM</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a class="text-white" href="https://www.nih.gov/">NIH</a>
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<li>
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<a class="text-white" href="https://www.hhs.gov/">HHS</a>
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<a class="text-white" href="https://www.usa.gov/">USA.gov</a>
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