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<meta name="keywords" content="C0037054, as - sickle cell trait, cell trait, sickle, cell traits, sickle, disease or syndrome, drepanocytosis, hemoglobin a-s genotype, hemoglobin s trait, hemoglobin s-a disorder, heterozygous for hb s, heterozygous hemoglobin s, rbc's - sickle cells present, sickle cell trait, sickle cell traits, sickle cells present, trait, sickle cell, traits, sickle cell, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="An individual who is heterozygous for the mutation that causes sickle cell anemia." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<!--
UID=20750
ConceptID=C0037054
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Sickle cell trait</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>20750</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0037054</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
<td>Cell Trait, Sickle; Cell Traits, Sickle; Sickle Cell Trait; Sickle Cell Traits; Trait, Sickle Cell; Traits, Sickle Cell</td></tr>
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
<td>AS - Sickle cell trait (16402000); Heterozygous for Hb S (16402000); Drepanocytosis (16402000); RBC's - sickle cells present (16402000); Sickle cells present (16402000); Sickle cell trait (16402000); Hemoglobin S-A disorder (16402000); Hemoglobin A-S genotype (16402000); Hemoglobin S trait (16402000); Heterozygous hemoglobin S (16402000)</td></tr>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">An individual who is heterozygous for the mutation that causes sickle cell anemia. [from <a title="NCI Thesaurus" href="http://ncit.nci.nih.gov" class="defSource" target="_blank">NCI</a>]</div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline">Sickle cell trait</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/163092" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of blood and blood-forming tissues">Abnormality of blood and blood-forming tissues</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/488883" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal erythrocyte morphology">Abnormal erythrocyte morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1526" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Anemia">Anemia</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/102361" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Congenital anemia">Congenital anemia</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1919" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Familial hemolytic anemia">Familial hemolytic anemia</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/287" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Hb SS disease">Hb SS disease</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Sickle cell trait</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33664427">New developments in existing WHO entities and evolving molecular concepts: The Genitourinary Pathology Society (GUPS) update on renal neoplasia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Trpkov K,
Hes O,
Williamson SR,
Adeniran AJ,
Agaimy A,
Alaghehbandan R,
Amin MB,
Argani P,
Chen YB,
Cheng L,
Epstein JI,
Cheville JC,
Comperat E,
da Cunha IW,
Gordetsky JB,
Gupta S,
He H,
Hirsch MS,
Humphrey PA,
Kapur P,
Kojima F,
Lopez JI,
Maclean F,
Magi-Galluzzi C,
McKenney JK,
Mehra R,
Menon S,
Netto GJ,
Przybycin CG,
Rao P,
Rao Q,
Reuter VE,
Saleeb RM,
Shah RB,
Smith SC,
Tickoo S,
Tretiakova MS,
True L,
Verkarre V,
Wobker SE,
Zhou M,
Gill AJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mod Pathol</span>
2021 Jul;34(7):1392-1424.
Epub 2021 Mar 4
doi: 10.1038/s41379-021-00779-w.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33664427" target="_blank">33664427</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33268503">Effect of Sickle Cell Trait and APOL1 Genotype on the Association of Soluble uPAR with Kidney Function Measures in Black Americans.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Reiner AP,
Raffield LM,
Franceschini N,
Auer PL,
Lange EM,
Nickerson DA,
Zakai NA,
Correa A,
Olson N;
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine Consortium;
Natinal Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine Consortium</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin J Am Soc Nephrol</span>
2021 Feb 8;16(2):287-289.
Epub 2020 Dec 2
doi: 10.2215/CJN.12100720.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33268503" target="_blank">33268503</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7863645" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/4370353">Screening and genetic counseling programs for sickle cell trait and sickle cell anemia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Francis YF</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Am Med Womens Assoc (1972)</span>
1974 Sep;29(9):406-10.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/4370353" target="_blank">4370353</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22sickle%20cell%20trait%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (101)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Curated<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpCurated"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3><h3 class="nl vspace"><a href="https://www.acmg.net/PDFLibrary/Sickle-Cell-Carrier-ACT-Sheet.pdf" target="_blank">American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Carrier Screening ACT Sheet, Sickle Cell Carrier/Trait, 2023</a></h3>
<h3 class="nl vspace"><a href="https://www.acmg.net/PDFLibrary/Hemoglobin-S-ACT-Sheet.pdf" target="_blank">ACMG ACT, Hemoglobin S/Beta Plus Thalassemia , 2023</a></h3>
<h3 class="nl vspace"><a href="https://www.acmg.net/PDFLibrary/Hemoglobin-S-Algorithm.pdf" target="_blank">ACMG Algorithm, FSA: Hemoglobin HbS/B+ Screening Result, 2023</a></h3>
<h3 class="nl vspace"><a href="https://www.acmg.net/PDFLibrary/Hemoglobin-AS-Algorithm.pdf" target="_blank">ACMG Algorithm, FAS: Sickle Cell Trait Screening Result, 2023</a></h3>
</div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27841805">Exertional Rhabdomyolysis Stays in the News.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Eichner ER</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Sports Med Rep</span>
2016 Nov/Dec;15(6):378-379.
doi: 10.1249/JSR.0000000000000311.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27841805" target="_blank">27841805</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26637754">Sickle solubility test to screen for sickle cell trait: what's the harm?</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Tubman VN,
Field JJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program</span>
2015;2015:433-5.
doi: 10.1182/asheducation-2015.1.433.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26637754" target="_blank">26637754</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/16286556">Sickle cell trait is a risk factor for early stroke.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Golomb MR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Arch Neurol</span>
2005 Nov;62(11):1778-1779.
doi: 10.1001/archneur.62.11.1778.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/16286556" target="_blank">16286556</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/7973777">Exercise and hemoglobin S.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kark JA,
Ward FT</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Semin Hematol</span>
1994 Jul;31(3):181-225.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/7973777" target="_blank">7973777</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/800923">Sickle-cell anemia. Anesthesiological considerations.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Nolte JA,
Kleine JW</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Acta Anaesthesiol Belg</span>
1976;27(4):237-46.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/800923" target="_blank">800923</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Sickle%20cell%20trait%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1076)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29459113">Sickle-cell trait and diagnosis of type 2 diabetes.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Skinner S,
Pialoux V,
Fromy B,
Sigaudo-Roussel D,
Connes P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol</span>
2018 Nov;6(11):840-843.
Epub 2018 Feb 17
doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(18)30033-0.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29459113" target="_blank">29459113</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26637716">Sickle cell trait diagnosis: clinical and social implications.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Naik RP,
Haywood C Jr</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program</span>
2015;2015(1):160-7.
doi: 10.1182/asheducation-2015.1.160.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26637716" target="_blank">26637716</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4697437" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17601938">Sickle cell disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Driscoll MC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Rev</span>
2007 Jul;28(7):259-68.
doi: 10.1542/pir.28-7-259.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17601938" target="_blank">17601938</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/6909203">Sickle-cell anemia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kneut C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Issues Compr Pediatr Nurs</span>
1980 Dec;4(5-6):19-27.
doi: 10.3109/01460868009009786.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/6909203" target="_blank">6909203</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/4421745">Sickle cell trait.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">McCurdy PR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am Fam Physician</span>
1974 Nov;10(5):141-6.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/4421745" target="_blank">4421745</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Sickle%20cell%20trait%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (855)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33493346">The effect of malaria on stunting: an instrumental variables approach.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ateba FF,
Doumbia S,
Ter Kuile FO,
Terlouw DJ,
Lefebvre G,
Kariuki S,
Small DS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg</span>
2021 Sep 3;115(9):1094-1098.
doi: 10.1093/trstmh/traa183.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33493346" target="_blank">33493346</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8578805" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28067730">Observations on Iron, Anemia, and Sickle Cell Trait.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Eichner ER</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Sports Med Rep</span>
2017 Jan/Feb;16(1):2-3.
doi: 10.1249/JSR.0000000000000328.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28067730" target="_blank">28067730</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17601938">Sickle cell disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Driscoll MC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Rev</span>
2007 Jul;28(7):259-68.
doi: 10.1542/pir.28-7-259.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17601938" target="_blank">17601938</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/6155657">Sickle cell anemia and related hemoglobinopathies.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Vichinsky EP,
Lubin BH</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Clin North Am</span>
1980 May;27(2):429-47.
doi: 10.1016/s0031-3955(16)33860-3.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/6155657" target="_blank">6155657</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/4421745">Sickle cell trait.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">McCurdy PR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am Fam Physician</span>
1974 Nov;10(5):141-6.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/4421745" target="_blank">4421745</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Sickle%20cell%20trait%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (419)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30595467">Plasmodium falciparum.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Maier AG,
Matuschewski K,
Zhang M,
Rug M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Trends Parasitol</span>
2019 Jun;35(6):481-482.
Epub 2018 Dec 27
doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2018.11.010.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30595467" target="_blank">30595467</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29894029">Fat Emboli Syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Misra I,
Glasgow J,
Moosavy F</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Del Med J</span>
2017 May;89(5):148-150.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29894029" target="_blank">29894029</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27841805">Exertional Rhabdomyolysis Stays in the News.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Eichner ER</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Sports Med Rep</span>
2016 Nov/Dec;15(6):378-379.
doi: 10.1249/JSR.0000000000000311.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27841805" target="_blank">27841805</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17601938">Sickle cell disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Driscoll MC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Rev</span>
2007 Jul;28(7):259-68.
doi: 10.1542/pir.28-7-259.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17601938" target="_blank">17601938</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/800923">Sickle-cell anemia. Anesthesiological considerations.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Nolte JA,
Kleine JW</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Acta Anaesthesiol Belg</span>
1976;27(4):237-46.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/800923" target="_blank">800923</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Sickle%20cell%20trait%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (423)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34348452">Individuals with sickle cell disease and sickle cell trait demonstrate no increase in mortality or critical illness from COVID-19 - a fifteen hospital observational study in the Bronx, New York.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hoogenboom WS,
Fleysher R,
Soby S,
Mirhaji P,
Mitchell WB,
Morrone KA,
Manwani D,
Duong TQ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Haematologica</span>
2021 Nov 1;106(11):3014-3016.
doi: 10.3324/haematol.2021.279222.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34348452" target="_blank">34348452</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8561299" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33619371">Malaria is a cause of iron deficiency in African children.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Muriuki JM,
Mentzer AJ,
Mitchell R,
Webb EL,
Etyang AO,
Kyobutungi C,
Morovat A,
Kimita W,
Ndungu FM,
Macharia AW,
Ngetsa CJ,
Makale J,
Lule SA,
Musani SK,
Raffield LM,
Cutland CL,
Sirima SB,
Diarra A,
Tiono AB,
Fried M,
Gwamaka M,
Adu-Afarwuah S,
Wirth JP,
Wegmüller R,
Madhi SA,
Snow RW,
Hill AVS,
Rockett KA,
Sandhu MS,
Kwiatkowski DP,
Prentice AM,
Byrd KA,
Ndjebayi A,
Stewart CP,
Engle-Stone R,
Green TJ,
Karakochuk CD,
Suchdev PS,
Bejon P,
Duffy PE,
Davey Smith G,
Elliott AM,
Williams TN,
Atkinson SH</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nat Med</span>
2021 Apr;27(4):653-658.
Epub 2021 Feb 22
doi: 10.1038/s41591-021-01238-4.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33619371" target="_blank">33619371</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7610676" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30855171">Renal Medullary Carcinoma.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Elliott A,
Bruner E</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Arch Pathol Lab Med</span>
2019 Dec;143(12):1556-1561.
Epub 2019 Mar 11
doi: 10.5858/arpa.2017-0492-RS.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30855171" target="_blank">30855171</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28067730">Observations on Iron, Anemia, and Sickle Cell Trait.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Eichner ER</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Sports Med Rep</span>
2017 Jan/Feb;16(1):2-3.
doi: 10.1249/JSR.0000000000000328.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28067730" target="_blank">28067730</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24025776">Biochemical and immunological mechanisms by which sickle cell trait protects against malaria.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Gong L,
Parikh S,
Rosenthal PJ,
Greenhouse B</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Malar J</span>
2013 Sep 11;12:317.
doi: 10.1186/1475-2875-12-317.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24025776" target="_blank">24025776</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3847285" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Sickle%20cell%20trait%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (434)</a></div></div>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36912744">Medical interventions for traumatic hyphema.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Woreta FA,
Lindsley KB,
Gharaibeh A,
Ng SM,
Scherer RW,
Goldberg MF</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cochrane Database Syst Rev</span>
2023 Mar 13;3(3):CD005431.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005431.pub5.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36912744" target="_blank">36912744</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10010597" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36217841">Sickle cell disease in gulf cooperation council countries: a systematic review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Abu-Shaheen A,
Dahan D,
Henaa H,
Nofal A,
Abdelmoety DA,
Riaz M,
AlSheef M,
Almatary A,
AlFayyad I</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Expert Rev Hematol</span>
2022 Oct;15(10):893-909.
Epub 2022 Oct 18
doi: 10.1080/17474086.2022.2132225.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36217841" target="_blank">36217841</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30383109">Clinical Outcomes Associated With Sickle Cell Trait: A Systematic Review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Naik RP,
Smith-Whitley K,
Hassell KL,
Umeh NI,
de Montalembert M,
Sahota P,
Haywood C Jr,
Jenkins J,
Lloyd-Puryear MA,
Joiner CH,
Bonham VL,
Kato GJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Ann Intern Med</span>
2018 Nov 6;169(9):619-627.
Epub 2018 Oct 30
doi: 10.7326/M18-1161.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30383109" target="_blank">30383109</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6487193" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26053587">Renal medullary carcinoma and sickle cell trait: A systematic review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Alvarez O,
Rodriguez MM,
Jordan L,
Sarnaik S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Blood Cancer</span>
2015 Oct;62(10):1694-9.
Epub 2015 Jun 5
doi: 10.1002/pbc.25592.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26053587" target="_blank">26053587</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25344542">The interaction between sickle cell disease and HIV infection: a systematic review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Owusu ED,
Visser BJ,
Nagel IM,
Mens PF,
Grobusch MP</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Infect Dis</span>
2015 Feb 15;60(4):612-26.
Epub 2014 Oct 23
doi: 10.1093/cid/ciu832.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25344542" target="_blank">25344542</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Sickle%20cell%20trait%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (16)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22sickle%20cell%20trait%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">PubMed</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li><li><a target="_blank" href="/books/?term=((%22clinical%20guidelines%22%5BResource%20Type%5D)%20OR%20%22practice%20guideline%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)%20AND%20(%22Sickle%20cell%20trait%22)">Bookshelf</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li></ul><h3 class="subhead">Curated</h3><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.acmg.net/PDFLibrary/Sickle-Cell-Carrier-ACT-Sheet.pdf">ACMG ACT, 2023</a><div>American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Carrier Screening ACT Sheet, Sickle Cell Carrier/Trait, 2023</div></li><li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.acmg.net/PDFLibrary/Hemoglobin-S-ACT-Sheet.pdf">ACMG ACT, 2023</a><div>ACMG ACT, Hemoglobin S/Beta Plus Thalassemia , 2023</div></li><li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.acmg.net/PDFLibrary/Hemoglobin-S-Algorithm.pdf">ACMG Algorithm, 2023</a><div>ACMG Algorithm, FSA: Hemoglobin HbS/B+ Screening Result, 2023</div></li><li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.acmg.net/PDFLibrary/Hemoglobin-AS-Algorithm.pdf">ACMG Algorithm, 2023</a><div>ACMG Algorithm, FAS: Sickle Cell Trait Screening Result, 2023</div></li></ul></div>
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