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<meta name="keywords" content="C0035410, breakdown of skeletal muscle, pathologic function, rhabdomyolyses, rhabdomyolysis, rhabdomyolysis (disease), autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Breakdown of muscle fibers that leads to the release of muscle fiber contents (myoglobin) into the bloodstream." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<!--
UID=19775
ConceptID=C0035410
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Rhabdomyolysis</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>19775</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0035410</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Pathologic Function</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonym:</td>
<td>Rhabdomyolysis (disease)</td></tr>
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
<td>Rhabdomyolysis (89010004); Rhabdomyolysis (240131006)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0003201">HP:0003201</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">Breakdown of muscle fibers that leads to the release of muscle fiber contents (myoglobin) into the bloodstream. [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0035410[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=19775">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=19775" ref="ncbi_uid=19775">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline">Rhabdomyolysis</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867443" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Phenotypic abnormality">Phenotypic abnormality</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1763488" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system">Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867380" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the musculature">Abnormality of the musculature</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868776" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal skeletal muscle morphology">Abnormal skeletal muscle morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Rhabdomyolysis</span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/813636" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Acute rhabdomyolysis">Acute rhabdomyolysis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868941" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Alcohol-induced rhabdomyolysis">Alcohol-induced rhabdomyolysis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868942" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Anesthetic-induced rhabdomylosis">Anesthetic-induced rhabdomylosis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867168" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis">Exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/44557" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Hereditary myoglobinuria">Hereditary myoglobinuria</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/337172" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Exercise-induced myoglobinuria">Exercise-induced myoglobinuria</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/333201" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Myoglobinuria, recurrent">Myoglobinuria, recurrent</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871126" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Viral infection-induced rhabdomyolysis">Viral infection-induced rhabdomyolysis</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_5341"><div><strong>Glycogen storage disease, type V</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>5341</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C0017924</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Glycogen storage disease type V (GSDV, McArdle disease) is a metabolic myopathy characterized by exercise intolerance manifested by rapid fatigue, myalgia, and cramps in exercising muscles. Symptoms are usually precipitated by isometric exercise or sustained aerobic exercise. Most individuals improve their exercise tolerance by exploiting the "second-wind" phenomenon with relief of myalgia and fatigue after a few minutes of rest. Age of onset is frequently in the first decade of life but can vary; however, diagnosis is typically delayed as myalgia and fatigability are dismissed/overlooked. Fixed muscle weakness occurs in approximately 25% of affected individuals, is more likely to involve proximal muscles, and is more common in individuals of advanced age. Approximately 50% of affected individuals have recurrent episodes of myoglobinuria that can on occasion eventually result in acute renal failure.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/5341">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_120613"><div><strong>Glycogen storage disease type X</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>120613</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0268149</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Phosphoglycerate mutase deficiency is a disorder that primarily affects muscles used for movement (skeletal muscles). Beginning in childhood or adolescence, affected individuals experience muscle aches or cramping following strenuous physical activity. Some people with this condition also have recurrent episodes of myoglobinuria. Myoglobinuria occurs when muscle tissue breaks down abnormally and releases a protein called myoglobin, which is processed by the kidneys and released in the urine. If untreated, myoglobinuria can lead to kidney failure.\n\nIn some cases of phosphoglycerate mutase deficiency, microscopic tube-shaped structures called tubular aggregates are seen in muscle fibers. It is unclear how tubular aggregates are associated with the signs and symptoms of the disorder.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/120613">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_75681"><div><strong>Familial hypokalemia-hypomagnesemia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>75681</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0268450</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Gitelman syndrome (GTLMNS) is an autosomal recessive renal tubular salt-wasting disorder characterized by hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis with hypomagnesemia and hypocalciuria. It is the most common renal tubular disorder among Caucasians (prevalence of 1 in 40,000). Most patients have onset of symptoms as adults, but some present in childhood. Clinical features include transient periods of muscle weakness and tetany, abdominal pains, and chondrocalcinosis (summary by Glaudemans et al., 2012). Gitelman syndrome is sometimes referred to as a mild variant of classic Bartter syndrome (607364).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Bartter syndrome, see 607364.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/75681">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_91000"><div><strong>Carnitine acylcarnitine translocase deficiency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>91000</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0342791</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase (CACT) is a critical component of the carnitine shuttle, which facilitates the transfer of long-chain fatty acylcarnitines across the inner mitochondrial membrane. CACT deficiency causes a defect in mitochondrial long-chain fatty acid ß-oxidation, with variable clinical severity. Severe neonatal-onset disease is most common, with symptoms evident within two days after birth; attenuated cases may present in the first months of life. Hyperammonemia and cardiac arrhythmia are prominent in early-onset disease, with high rates of cardiac arrest. Other clinical features are typical for disorders of long-chain fatty acid oxidation: poor feeding, lethargy, hypoketotic hypoglycemia, hypotonia, transaminitis, liver dysfunction with hepatomegaly, and rhabdomyolysis. Univentricular or biventricular hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, ranging from mild to severe, may respond to appropriate dietary and medical therapies. Hyperammonemia is difficult to treat and is an important determinant of long-term neurocognitive outcome. Affected individuals with early-onset disease typically experience brain injury at presentation, and have recurrent hyperammonemia leading to developmental delay / intellectual disability. Affected individuals with later-onset disease have milder symptoms and are less likely to experience recurrent hyperammonemia, allowing a better developmental outcome. Prompt treatment of the presenting episode to prevent hypoglycemic, hypoxic, or hyperammonemic brain injury may allow normal growth and development.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/91000">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_140765"><div><strong>McLeod neuroacanthocytosis syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>140765</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0398568</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">McLeod neuroacanthocytosis syndrome (designated as MLS throughout this review) is a multisystem disorder with central nervous system (CNS), neuromuscular, cardiovascular, and hematologic manifestations in males: CNS manifestations are a neurodegenerative basal ganglia disease including movement disorders, cognitive alterations, and psychiatric symptoms. Neuromuscular manifestations include a (mostly subclinical) sensorimotor axonopathy and muscle weakness or atrophy of different degrees. Cardiac manifestations include dilated cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation, and tachyarrhythmia. Hematologically, MLS is defined as a specific blood group phenotype (named after the first proband, Hugh McLeod) that results from absent expression of the Kx erythrocyte antigen and weakened expression of Kell blood group antigens. The hematologic manifestations are red blood cell acanthocytosis and compensated hemolysis. Alloantibodies in the Kell and Kx blood group system can cause strong reactions to transfusions of incompatible blood and severe anemia in affected male newborns of Kell-negative mothers. Females heterozygous for XK pathogenic variants have mosaicism for the Kell and Kx blood group antigens. Although they usually lack CNS and neuromuscular manifestations, some heterozygous females may develop clinical manifestations including chorea or late-onset cognitive decline.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/140765">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_371584"><div><strong>Carnitine palmitoyl transferase II deficiency, myopathic form</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>371584</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1833508</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II (CPT II) deficiency is a disorder of long-chain fatty-acid oxidation. The three clinical presentations are lethal neonatal form, severe infantile hepatocardiomuscular form, and myopathic form (which is usually mild and can manifest from infancy to adulthood). While the former two are severe multisystemic diseases characterized by liver failure with hypoketotic hypoglycemia, cardiomyopathy, seizures, and early death, the latter is characterized by exercise-induced muscle pain and weakness, sometimes associated with myoglobinuria. The myopathic form of CPT II deficiency is the most common disorder of lipid metabolism affecting skeletal muscle and the most frequent cause of hereditary myoglobinuria. Males are more likely to be affected than females.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/371584">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_371919"><div><strong>Progressive external ophthalmoplegia with mitochondrial DNA deletions, autosomal dominant 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>371919</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1834846</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">POLG-related disorders comprise a continuum of overlapping phenotypes that were clinically defined before the molecular basis was known. POLG-related disorders can therefore be considered an overlapping spectrum of disease presenting from early childhood to late adulthood. The age of onset broadly correlates with the clinical phenotype. In individuals with early-onset disease (prior to age 12 years), liver involvement, feeding difficulties, seizures, hypotonia, and muscle weakness are the most common clinical features. This group has the worst prognosis. In the juvenile/adult-onset form (age 12-40 years), disease is typically characterized by peripheral neuropathy, ataxia, seizures, stroke-like episodes, and, in individuals with longer survival, progressive external ophthalmoplegia (PEO). This group generally has a better prognosis than the early-onset group. Late-onset disease (after age 40 years) is characterized by ptosis and PEO, with additional features such as peripheral neuropathy, ataxia, and muscle weakness. This group overall has the best prognosis.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/371919">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_324944"><div><strong>Malignant hyperthermia, susceptibility to, 4</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>324944</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1838102</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Malignant hyperthermia susceptibility (MHS) is a pharmacogenetic disorder of skeletal muscle calcium regulation associated with uncontrolled skeletal muscle hypermetabolism. Manifestations of malignant hyperthermia (MH) are precipitated by certain volatile anesthetics (i.e., halothane, isoflurane, sevoflurane, desflurane, enflurane), either alone or in conjunction with a depolarizing muscle relaxant (specifically, succinylcholine). The triggering substances cause uncontrolled release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and may promote entry of extracellular calcium into the myoplasm, causing contracture of skeletal muscles, glycogenolysis, and increased cellular metabolism, resulting in production of heat and excess lactate. Affected individuals experience acidosis, hypercapnia, tachycardia, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, compartment syndrome, rhabdomyolysis with subsequent increase in serum creatine kinase (CK) concentration, hyperkalemia with a risk for cardiac arrhythmia or even cardiac arrest, and myoglobinuria with a risk for renal failure. In nearly all cases, the first manifestations of MH (tachycardia and tachypnea) occur in the operating room; however, MH may also occur in the early postoperative period. There is mounting evidence that some individuals with MHS will also develop MH with exercise and/or on exposure to hot environments. Without proper and prompt treatment with dantrolene sodium, mortality is extremely high.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/324944">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_342573"><div><strong>Hereditary myopathy with lactic acidosis due to ISCU deficiency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>342573</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1850718</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hereditary myopathy with lactic acidosis (HML) is an autosomal recessive muscular disorder characterized by childhood onset of exercise intolerance with muscle tenderness, cramping, dyspnea, and palpitations. Biochemical features include lactic acidosis and, rarely, rhabdomyolysis. It is a chronic disorder with remission and exacerbation of the muscle phenotype (summary by Sanaker et al., 2010).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/342573">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_355842"><div><strong>Fatal mitochondrial disease due to combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 3</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>355842</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1864840</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency type 3 is an extremely rare clinically heterogenous disorder described in about 5 patients to date. Clinical signs included hypotonia, lactic acidosis, and hepatic insufficiency, with progressive encephalomyopathy or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/355842">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_356367"><div><strong>Medium chain 3-ketoacyl-Coa thiolase deficiency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>356367</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1865781</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/356367">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_370665"><div><strong>Mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>370665</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1969443</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Long-chain hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD) deficiency and trifunctional protein (TFP) deficiency are caused by impairment of mitochondrial TFP. TFP has three enzymatic activities long-chain enoyl-CoA hydratase, long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, and long-chain 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase. In individuals with LCHAD deficiency, there is isolated deficiency of long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, while deficiency of all three enzymes occurs in individuals with TFP deficiency. Individuals with TFP deficiency can present with a severe-to-mild phenotype, while individuals with LCHAD deficiency typically present with a severe-to-intermediate phenotype. Neonates with the severe phenotype present within a few days of birth with hypoglycemia, hepatomegaly, encephalopathy, and often cardiomyopathy. The intermediate phenotype is characterized by hypoketotic hypoglycemia precipitated by infection or fasting in infancy. The mild (late-onset) phenotype is characterized by myopathy and/or neuropathy. Long-term complications include peripheral neuropathy and retinopathy.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/370665">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_410166"><div><strong>Glycogen storage disease due to phosphoglycerate kinase 1 deficiency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>410166</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1970848</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Phosphoglycerate kinase-1 deficiency is an X-linked recessive condition with a highly variable clinical phenotype that includes hemolytic anemia, myopathy, and neurologic involvement. Patients can express 1, 2, or all 3 of these manifestations (Shirakawa et al., 2006).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/410166">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_413199"><div><strong>Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis, susceptibility to, 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>413199</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2749982</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis is a sporadic muscle disorder characterized by episodic attacks of weakness associated with hypokalemia in individuals with hyperthyroidism. The paralysis resolves upon treatment of hyperthyroidism. The disorder is most common among males of Asian descent, including Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, Filipino, and Koreans, although it occurs less commonly in individuals of Caucasian background. Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis is clinically similar to hereditary hypokalemic periodic paralysis (HOKPP; 170400), but the paralysis in TTPP occurs only in the presence of hyperthyroidism. TTPP can also be precipitated by factors that result in hypokalemia, such as carbohydrate ingestion and rest after exercise (review by Kung, 2006).&#13; Genetic Heterogeneity of Thyrotoxic Periodic Paralysis&#13; See also TTPP2 (613239), conferred by variation in the KCNJ18 gene (613236) on chromosome 17p11, and TTPP3 (614834), mapped to chromosome 17q24.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/413199">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_414536"><div><strong>PGM1-congenital disorder of glycosylation</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>414536</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2752015</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Congenital disorder of glycosylation type It (CDG1T) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a wide range of clinical manifestations and severity. The most common features include cleft lip and bifid uvula, apparent at birth, followed by hepatopathy, intermittent hypoglycemia, short stature, and exercise intolerance, often accompanied by increased serum creatine kinase. Less common features include rhabdomyolysis, dilated cardiomyopathy, and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (summary by Tegtmeyer et al., 2014).&#13; For a discussion of the classification of CDGs, see CDG1A (212065).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/414536">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_443948"><div><strong>Malignant hyperthermia, susceptibility to, 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>443948</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2930980</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Malignant hyperthermia susceptibility (MHS) is a pharmacogenetic disorder of skeletal muscle calcium regulation associated with uncontrolled skeletal muscle hypermetabolism. Manifestations of malignant hyperthermia (MH) are precipitated by certain volatile anesthetics (i.e., halothane, isoflurane, sevoflurane, desflurane, enflurane), either alone or in conjunction with a depolarizing muscle relaxant (specifically, succinylcholine). The triggering substances cause uncontrolled release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and may promote entry of extracellular calcium into the myoplasm, causing contracture of skeletal muscles, glycogenolysis, and increased cellular metabolism, resulting in production of heat and excess lactate. Affected individuals experience acidosis, hypercapnia, tachycardia, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, compartment syndrome, rhabdomyolysis with subsequent increase in serum creatine kinase (CK) concentration, hyperkalemia with a risk for cardiac arrhythmia or even cardiac arrest, and myoglobinuria with a risk for renal failure. In nearly all cases, the first manifestations of MH (tachycardia and tachypnea) occur in the operating room; however, MH may also occur in the early postoperative period. There is mounting evidence that some individuals with MHS will also develop MH with exercise and/or on exposure to hot environments. Without proper and prompt treatment with dantrolene sodium, mortality is extremely high.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/443948">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_419152"><div><strong>Glycogen storage disease due to lactate dehydrogenase M-subunit deficiency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>419152</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2931743</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Lactate dehydrogenase deficiency is a condition that affects how the body breaks down sugar to use as energy in cells, primarily muscle cells.\n\nThere are two types of this condition: lactate dehydrogenase-A deficiency (sometimes called glycogen storage disease XI) and lactate dehydrogenase-B deficiency.\n\nPeople with lactate dehydrogenase-A deficiency experience fatigue, muscle pain, and cramps during exercise (exercise intolerance). In some people with lactate dehydrogenase-A deficiency, high-intensity exercise or other strenuous activity leads to the breakdown of muscle tissue (rhabdomyolysis). The destruction of muscle tissue releases a protein called myoglobin, which is processed by the kidneys and released in the urine (myoglobinuria). Myoglobin causes the urine to be red or brown. This protein can also damage the kidneys, in some cases leading to life-threatening kidney failure. Some people with lactate dehydrogenase-A deficiency develop skin rashes. The severity of the signs and symptoms among individuals with lactate dehydrogenase-A deficiency varies greatly.\n\nPeople with lactate dehydrogenase-B deficiency typically do not have any signs or symptoms of the condition. They do not have difficulty with physical activity or any specific physical features related to the condition. Affected individuals are usually discovered only when routine blood tests reveal reduced lactate dehydrogenase activity.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/419152">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_762097"><div><strong>Mitochondrial complex III deficiency nuclear type 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>762097</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3541471</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Autosomal recessive mitochondrial complex III deficiency is a severe multisystem disorder with onset at birth of lactic acidosis, hypotonia, hypoglycemia, failure to thrive, encephalopathy, and delayed psychomotor development. Visceral involvement, including hepatopathy and renal tubulopathy, may also occur. Many patients die in early childhood, but some may show longer survival (de Lonlay et al., 2001; De Meirleir et al., 2003).&#13; Genetic Heterogeneity of Mitochondrial Complex III Deficiency&#13; Mitochondrial complex III deficiency can be caused by mutation in several different nuclear-encoded genes. See MC3DN2 (615157), caused by mutation in the TTC19 gene (613814) on chromosome 17p12; MC3DN3 (615158), caused by mutation in the UQCRB gene (191330) on chromosome 8q; MC3DN4 (615159), caused by mutation in the UQCRQ gene (612080) on chromosome 5q31; MC3DN5 (615160), caused by mutation in the UQCRC2 gene (191329) on chromosome 16p12; MC3DN6 (615453), caused by mutation in the CYC1 gene (123980) on chromosome 8q24; MC3DN7 (615824), caused by mutation in the UQCC2 gene (614461) on chromosome 6p21; MC3DN8 (615838), caused by mutation in the LYRM7 gene (615831) on chromosome 5q23; MC3DN9 (616111), caused by mutation in the UQCC3 gene (616097) on chromosome 11q12; and MC3DN10 (618775), caused by mutation in the UQCRFS1 gene (191327) on chromosome 19q12.&#13; See also MTYCB (516020) for a discussion of a milder phenotype associated with isolated mitochondrial complex III deficiency and mutations in a mitochondrial-encoded gene.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/762097">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_811508"><div><strong>Muscle AMP deaminase deficiency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>811508</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3714933</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Myoadenylate deaminase deficiency (MMDD) is an autosomal recessive condition that can manifest as exercise-induced muscle pain, occasionally associated with rhabdomyolysis and/or increased serum creatine kinase, or even infantile hypotonia. However, the finding of homozygous mutations among asymptomatic individuals have suggested to some (e.g., Verzijl et al., 1998) that AMPD1 deficiency may be a harmless entity (summary by Castro-Gago et al., 2011).&#13; Genetta et al. (2001) stated that AMPD1 deficiency is the most prevalent genetic disease in humans, the number of people heterozygous approaching 10% of Caucasians and individuals of African descent (Sabina et al., 1989). A small percentage of homozygous-deficient individuals, approximately 1.8% of the population, display symptoms of chronic fatigue and lost productivity as well as a predisposition to stress-related ailments, including heart disease and stroke, according to Genetta et al. (2001).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/811508">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_934700"><div><strong>Progressive external ophthalmoplegia with mitochondrial DNA deletions, autosomal recessive 4</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>934700</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4310733</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Autosomal recessive progressive external ophthalmoplegia with mitochondrial DNA deletions-4 (PEOB4) is characterized by adult onset of eye muscle weakness and proximal limb muscle weakness associated with deletions of mtDNA on skeletal muscle biopsy, which results from defective mtDNA replication in post-mitotic muscle tissue. Additional features are more variable (summary by Ronchi et al., 2012).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of autosomal recessive PEO, see PEOB1 (258450).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/934700">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1648429"><div><strong>Mitochondrial complex 5 (ATP synthase) deficiency nuclear type 5</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1648429</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4748269</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1648429">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1682670"><div><strong>Encephalopathy, progressive, early-onset, with episodic rhabdomyolysis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1682670</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5193033</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1682670">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1681269"><div><strong>Metabolic crises, recurrent, with variable encephalomyopathic features and neurologic regression</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1681269</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5193083</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Recurrent metabolic crises with variable encephalomyopathic features and neurologic regression (MECREN) is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder with a highly variable phenotype. Most affected individuals present in the first years of life with episodic lactic acidosis associated with illness or stress, resulting in transient or permanent neurologic dysfunction. Some patients may recover, whereas others show subsequent variable developmental regression of motor and cognitive skills. Other features may include dystonia, hypotonia with inability to sit or walk, seizures, and abnormal signals in the basal ganglia. There is significant phenotypic heterogeneity, even among patients with the same mutation (summary by Almannai et al., 2018).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1681269">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1679560"><div><strong>Mitochondrial myopathy, episodic, with optic atrophy and reversible leukoencephalopathy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1679560</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5193223</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Episodic mitochondrial myopathy with or without optic atrophy and reversible leukoencephalopathy (MEOAL) is an autosomal recessive neuromuscular disorder characterized mainly by childhood onset of progressive muscle weakness and exercise intolerance. Patients have episodic exacerbation, which may be associated with increased serum creatine kinase or lactic acid. Additional more variable features may include optic atrophy, reversible leukoencephalopathy, and later onset of a sensorimotor polyneuropathy. The disorder results from impaired formation of Fe-S clusters, which are essential cofactors for proper mitochondrial function (summary by Gurgel-Giannetti et al., 2018)</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1679560">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1798947"><div><strong>Recurrent metabolic encephalomyopathic crises-rhabdomyolysis-cardiac arrhythmia-intellectual disability syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1798947</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5567524</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">TANGO2 deficiency is characterized by developmental delay, intellectual disability, gait incoordination, speech difficulties, seizures, and hypothyroidism. Most individuals have TANGO2 spells, non-life-threatening paroxysmal worsening of baseline symptoms, including sudden onset of hypotonia, ataxia with loss of balance, head and body tilt, increased dysarthria, drooling, lethargy, and disorientation. In addition, life-threatening acute metabolic crises can occur, including rhabdomyolysis with elevated creatine phosphokinase and liver transaminases, hypoglycemia, prolonged QTc on EKG, ventricular arrhythmias, and/or cardiomyopathy.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1798947">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1824033"><div><strong>Myopathy with myalgia, increased serum creatine kinase, and with or without episodic rhabdomyolysis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1824033</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5774260</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Myopathy with myalgia, increased serum creatine kinase, and with or without episodic rhabdomyolysis-1 (MMCKR1) is an autosomal recessive skeletal muscle disorder characterized by the onset of muscle cramping and stiffness on exertion in infancy or early childhood, although later (even adult) onset has also been reported. The features remit with rest, but some individuals develop mild proximal or distal muscle weakness. Rare affected individuals may demonstrate cardiac involvement, including left ventricular dysfunction or rhythm abnormalities. Laboratory studies show increased baseline serum creatine kinase levels with episodic spikes that may coincide with rhabdomyolysis. EMG shows myopathic changes, and muscle biopsy shows nonspecific myopathic or degenerative features (Lopes Abath Neto et al., 2021; Salzer-Sheelo et al., 2022).&#13; Genetic Heterogeneity of Myopathy with Myalgia, Increased Serum Creatine Kinase, and with or without Episodic Rhabdomyolysis&#13; MMCKR2 (620971) is caused by mutation in the DTNA gene (601239) on chromosome 18q12.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1824033">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1824080"><div><strong>Rhabdomyolysis, susceptibility to, 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1824080</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5774307</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Susceptibility to rhabdomyolysis-1 (RHABDO1) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of rhabdomyolysis beginning in the teenage years. Some of the episodes may be triggered by exercise or heat; others occur spontaneously. Severe cases may result in acute renal failure or compartment syndrome. Affected individuals tend to have myalgia or muscle weakness in childhood and between episodes. Laboratory studies show increased serum creatine kinase and nonspecific myopathic features on skeletal muscle biopsy (Cabrera-Serrano et al., 2022).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1824080">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1841181"><div><strong>Nemaline myopathy 5B, autosomal recessive, childhood-onset</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1841181</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5830545</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Autosomal recessive childhood-onset nemaline myopathy-5B (NEM5B) is a skeletal muscle disorder in which patients usually present with proximal muscle weakness of the lower and upper limbs in a limb-girdle distribution, resulting in gait abnormalities; however, most remain ambulatory even into late adulthood. Some affected individuals show delayed motor development. There is axial weakness and atrophy of the paraspinal muscles, along with kyphosis, scoliosis, and rigid spine, as well as variable limitations of the large joints. Most patients develop restrictive respiratory insufficiency with decreased forced vital capacity; some need noninvasive ventilation. Serum creatine kinase may be elevated. Muscle biopsy can show variable features, including nemaline rods, multiminicore lesions, endomysial fibrosis, and myofibrillar changes (Pellerin et al., 2020; Lee et al., 2022).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of nemaline myopathy, see NEM2 (256030).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1841181">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_91000" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Carnitine acylcarnitine translocase deficiency</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_355842" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Fatal mitochondrial disease due to combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 3</a></div><div class="jig-moreless" data-jigconfig="class: 'moveDown', moreText: 'See full list (28)', lessText: 'Show less', nodeBefore: 0"><span id="clinMore">
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_419152" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Glycogen storage disease due to lactate dehydrogenase M-subunit deficiency</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_410166" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Glycogen storage disease due to phosphoglycerate kinase 1 deficiency</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_120613" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Glycogen storage disease type X</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_5341" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Glycogen storage disease, type V</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_342573" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hereditary myopathy with lactic acidosis due to ISCU deficiency</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_443948" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Malignant hyperthermia, susceptibility to, 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_324944" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Malignant hyperthermia, susceptibility to, 4</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_140765" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">McLeod neuroacanthocytosis syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_356367" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Medium chain 3-ketoacyl-Coa thiolase deficiency</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1681269" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Metabolic crises, recurrent, with variable encephalomyopathic features and neurologic regression</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1648429" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mitochondrial complex 5 (ATP synthase) deficiency nuclear type 5</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_762097" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mitochondrial complex III deficiency nuclear type 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1679560" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mitochondrial myopathy, episodic, with optic atrophy and reversible leukoencephalopathy</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_370665" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_811508" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Muscle AMP deaminase deficiency</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1824033" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Myopathy with myalgia, increased serum creatine kinase, and with or without episodic rhabdomyolysis</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1841181" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Nemaline myopathy 5B, autosomal recessive, childhood-onset</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_934700" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Progressive external ophthalmoplegia with mitochondrial DNA deletions, autosomal recessive 4</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1798947" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Recurrent metabolic encephalomyopathic crises-rhabdomyolysis-cardiac arrhythmia-intellectual disability syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1824080" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Rhabdomyolysis, susceptibility to, 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_413199" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis, susceptibility to, 1</a></div></span></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33915557">Pathophysiology and Treatment of Malignant Hyperthermia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Gregory H,
Weant KA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Adv Emerg Nurs J</span>
2021 Apr-Jun 01;43(2):102-110.
doi: 10.1097/TME.0000000000000344.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33915557" target="_blank">33915557</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31671689">Treatment with Statins in Elderly Patients.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Horodinschi RN,
Stanescu AMA,
Bratu OG,
Pantea Stoian A,
Radavoi DG,
Diaconu CC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Medicina (Kaunas)</span>
2019 Oct 30;55(11)
doi: 10.3390/medicina55110721.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31671689" target="_blank">31671689</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6915405" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30630682">An evidence-based narrative review of the emergency department evaluation and management of rhabdomyolysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Long B,
Koyfman A,
Gottlieb M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Emerg Med</span>
2019 Mar;37(3):518-523.
Epub 2019 Jan 2
doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2018.12.061.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30630682" target="_blank">30630682</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22rhabdomyolysis%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (211)</a></div></div>
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<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35963634">Safety of Statins and Nonstatins for Treatment of Dyslipidemia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Newman CB</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am</span>
2022 Sep;51(3):655-679.
Epub 2022 Jul 8
doi: 10.1016/j.ecl.2022.01.004.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35963634" target="_blank">35963634</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34276082">Rhabdomyolysis: Revisited.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Gupta A,
Thorson P,
Penmatsa KR,
Gupta P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Ulster Med J</span>
2021 May;90(2):61-69.
Epub 2021 Jul 8
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34276082" target="_blank">34276082</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8278949" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27657164">Exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hutton J,
Wellington D,
Miller S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">N Z Med J</span>
2016 Sep 23;129(1442):89-92.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27657164" target="_blank">27657164</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/19841484">Rhabdomyolysis: a review of the literature.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Khan FY</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neth J Med</span>
2009 Oct;67(9):272-83.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/19841484" target="_blank">19841484</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/15774072">Bench-to-bedside review: Rhabdomyolysis -- an overview for clinicians.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Huerta-Alardín AL,
Varon J,
Marik PE</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Crit Care</span>
2005 Apr;9(2):158-69.
Epub 2004 Oct 20
doi: 10.1186/cc2978.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/15774072" target="_blank">15774072</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1175909" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Rhabdomyolysis%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (2205)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34872769">Rhabdomyolysis: A syndrome to be considered.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Baeza-Trinidad R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Med Clin (Barc)</span>
2022 Mar 25;158(6):277-283.
Epub 2021 Dec 3
doi: 10.1016/j.medcli.2021.09.025.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34872769" target="_blank">34872769</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34276082">Rhabdomyolysis: Revisited.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Gupta A,
Thorson P,
Penmatsa KR,
Gupta P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Ulster Med J</span>
2021 May;90(2):61-69.
Epub 2021 Jul 8
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34276082" target="_blank">34276082</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8278949" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32532456">Rhabdomyolysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cabral BMI,
Edding SN,
Portocarrero JP,
Lerma EV</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Dis Mon</span>
2020 Aug;66(8):101015.
Epub 2020 Jun 10
doi: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2020.101015.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32532456" target="_blank">32532456</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25043142">Acute kidney injury due to rhabdomyolysis and renal replacement therapy: a critical review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Petejova N,
Martinek A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Crit Care</span>
2014 May 28;18(3):224.
doi: 10.1186/cc13897.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25043142" target="_blank">25043142</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4056317" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/15774072">Bench-to-bedside review: Rhabdomyolysis -- an overview for clinicians.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Huerta-Alardín AL,
Varon J,
Marik PE</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Crit Care</span>
2005 Apr;9(2):158-69.
Epub 2004 Oct 20
doi: 10.1186/cc2978.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/15774072" target="_blank">15774072</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1175909" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Rhabdomyolysis%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (2757)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37668131">Escitalopram-associated rhabdomyolysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mathisen KK,
Hardersen R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen</span>
2023 Sep 5;143(12)
Epub 2023 Aug 24
doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.23.0093.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37668131" target="_blank">37668131</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34872769">Rhabdomyolysis: A syndrome to be considered.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Baeza-Trinidad R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Med Clin (Barc)</span>
2022 Mar 25;158(6):277-283.
Epub 2021 Dec 3
doi: 10.1016/j.medcli.2021.09.025.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34872769" target="_blank">34872769</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34781662">Statin Induced Rhabdomyolysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kumar S,
Anne S,
B HK</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Assoc Physicians India</span>
2021 Oct;69(10):11-12.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34781662" target="_blank">34781662</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32482689">Pediatric Rhabdomyolysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Szugye HS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Rev</span>
2020 Jun;41(6):265-275.
doi: 10.1542/pir.2018-0300.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32482689" target="_blank">32482689</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27301374">Beyond muscle destruction: a systematic review of rhabdomyolysis for clinical practice.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Chavez LO,
Leon M,
Einav S,
Varon J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Crit Care</span>
2016 Jun 15;20(1):135.
doi: 10.1186/s13054-016-1314-5.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27301374" target="_blank">27301374</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4908773" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Rhabdomyolysis%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (3162)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29035925">Acute kidney injury in trauma patients.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Harrois A,
Libert N,
Duranteau J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Opin Crit Care</span>
2017 Dec;23(6):447-456.
doi: 10.1097/MCC.0000000000000463.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29035925" target="_blank">29035925</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27005745">Statin-related myotoxicity.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Fernandes V,
Santos MJ,
Pérez A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Endocrinol Nutr</span>
2016 May;63(5):239-49.
Epub 2016 Mar 19
doi: 10.1016/j.endonu.2016.01.001.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27005745" target="_blank">27005745</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/16299200">Toxicity of maduramicin.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sharma N,
Bhalla A,
Varma S,
Jain S,
Singh S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Emerg Med J</span>
2005 Dec;22(12):880-2.
doi: 10.1136/emj.2004.020883.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/16299200" target="_blank">16299200</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1726639" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/16267412">Rhabdomyolysis: an evaluation of 475 hospitalized patients.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Melli G,
Chaudhry V,
Cornblath DR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Medicine (Baltimore)</span>
2005 Nov;84(6):377-385.
doi: 10.1097/01.md.0000188565.48918.41.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/16267412" target="_blank">16267412</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/1521109">Neurosyphilis and schizophrenia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sivakumar K,
Okocha CI</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Br J Psychiatry</span>
1992 Aug;161:251-4.
doi: 10.1192/bjp.161.2.251.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/1521109" target="_blank">1521109</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Rhabdomyolysis%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1340)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35175631">A systematic review of the drug-drug interaction between statins and colchicine: Patient characteristics, etiologies, and clinical management strategies.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Schwier NC,
Cornelio CK,
Boylan PM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pharmacotherapy</span>
2022 Apr;42(4):320-333.
Epub 2022 Feb 25
doi: 10.1002/phar.2674.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35175631" target="_blank">35175631</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34711478">Whole-body muscle MRI in McArdle disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Tobaly D,
Laforêt P,
Stojkovic T,
Behin A,
Petit FM,
Barp A,
Bello L,
Carlier P,
Carlier RY</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neuromuscul Disord</span>
2022 Jan;32(1):5-14.
Epub 2021 Aug 5
doi: 10.1016/j.nmd.2021.07.397.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34711478" target="_blank">34711478</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32532456">Rhabdomyolysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cabral BMI,
Edding SN,
Portocarrero JP,
Lerma EV</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Dis Mon</span>
2020 Aug;66(8):101015.
Epub 2020 Jun 10
doi: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2020.101015.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32532456" target="_blank">32532456</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24008958">Rhabdomyolysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Zimmerman JL,
Shen MC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Chest</span>
2013 Sep;144(3):1058-1065.
doi: 10.1378/chest.12-2016.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24008958" target="_blank">24008958</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24000014">A risk prediction score for kidney failure or mortality in rhabdomyolysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">McMahon GM,
Zeng X,
Waikar SS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAMA Intern Med</span>
2013 Oct 28;173(19):1821-8.
doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.9774.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24000014" target="_blank">24000014</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5152583" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Rhabdomyolysis%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1079)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_104">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_systematic_reviews">Recent systematic reviews</h1><a sid="104" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36877581">Exertional Rhabdomyolysis in Athletes: Systematic Review and Current Perspectives.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bäcker HC,
Richards JT,
Kienzle A,
Cunningham J,
Braun KF</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin J Sport Med</span>
2023 Mar 1;33(2):187-194.
Epub 2022 Oct 20
doi: 10.1097/JSM.0000000000001082.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36877581" target="_blank">36877581</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35175631">A systematic review of the drug-drug interaction between statins and colchicine: Patient characteristics, etiologies, and clinical management strategies.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Schwier NC,
Cornelio CK,
Boylan PM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pharmacotherapy</span>
2022 Apr;42(4):320-333.
Epub 2022 Feb 25
doi: 10.1002/phar.2674.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35175631" target="_blank">35175631</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34217336">Ketogenic diet for mitochondrial disease: a systematic review on efficacy and safety.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Zweers H,
van Wegberg AMJ,
Janssen MCH,
Wortmann SB</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Orphanet J Rare Dis</span>
2021 Jul 3;16(1):295.
doi: 10.1186/s13023-021-01927-w.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34217336" target="_blank">34217336</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8254320" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30617905">A systematic review on the definition of rhabdomyolysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Stahl K,
Rastelli E,
Schoser B</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Neurol</span>
2020 Apr;267(4):877-882.
Epub 2019 Jan 7
doi: 10.1007/s00415-019-09185-4.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30617905" target="_blank">30617905</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27301374">Beyond muscle destruction: a systematic review of rhabdomyolysis for clinical practice.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Chavez LO,
Leon M,
Einav S,
Varon J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Crit Care</span>
2016 Jun 15;20(1):135.
doi: 10.1186/s13054-016-1314-5.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27301374" target="_blank">27301374</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4908773" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Rhabdomyolysis%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (96)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0035410%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (2)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0035410%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (2)</a></li>
<li class="portletSeeAll portletSeeAllPad"><total><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0035410%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">See all (2)</a></total></li>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=Rhabdomyolysis" target="_blank">ClinicalTrials.gov</a></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Practice_guidelines">Practice guidelines</h1><a sid="121" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22rhabdomyolysis%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">PubMed</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li><li><a target="_blank" href="/books/?term=((%22clinical%20guidelines%22%5BResource%20Type%5D)%20OR%20%22practice%20guideline%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)%20AND%20(%22Rhabdomyolysis%22)">Bookshelf</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://vsearch.nlm.nih.gov/vivisimo/cgi-bin/query-meta?v:project=medlineplus&amp;query=Rhabdomyolysis" target="_blank">MedlinePlus</a></li></ul></div>
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<a href="/pubmed?term=Rhabdomyolysis%20AND%20humans[mesh]%20AND%20review[publication%20type]" ref="ncbi_uid=&amp;discoId=gtr_reviews&amp;linkpos=2&amp;linkpostotal=2" target="_blank">Reviews in PubMed</a>
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<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Related medical variations</div>
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<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/gtr/tests?term=C0035410[DISCUI]" ref="log$=recordlinks">GTR</a>
<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Related information in GTR</div>
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<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/gtr/tests?term=C0035410[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="log$=recordlinks">GTR(Clinical)</a>
<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Clinical tests in GTR</div>
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<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/mesh?LinkName=medgen_mesh&amp;from_uid=19775" ref="log$=recordlinks">MeSH</a>
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