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<meta name="keywords" content="C0003126, absent smell, anosmia, anosmia (disease), anosmia (loss of sense of smell), defective sense of smell, finding, loss of sense of smell, loss of smell, loss of the sense of smell, lost smell, no sense of smell, sense of smell absent, sense of smell lost, smell loss, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="An inability to perceive odors. This is a general term describing inability to smell arising in any part of the process of smelling from absorption of odorants into the nasal mucous overlying the olfactory epithelium, diffusion to the cilia, binding to olfactory receptor sites, generation of action potentials in olfactory neurons, and perception of a smell." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<!--
|
||
UID=1950
|
||
ConceptID=C0003126
|
||
-->
|
||
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Anosmia</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1950</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0003126</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonym:</td>
|
||
<td>Defective sense of smell</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
|
||
<td>No sense of smell (44169009); Sense of smell lost (44169009); Sense of smell absent (44169009); Anosmia (loss of sense of smell) (44169009); Loss of sense of smell (44169009); Absent smell (44169009); Anosmia (44169009); Loss of the sense of smell (44169009)</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
|
||
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000458">HP:0000458</a></td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
|
||
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0010528" target="_blank">MONDO:0010528</a></td></tr>
|
||
</tbody></table></div><div class="rprt-body jig-ncbiinpagenav" data-jigconfig="smoothScroll: false, gotoTopLink: true, gotoTopLinkText: '', gotoTopLinkAttrs: {'title': 'Go to the top of the page'},allHeadingLevels: ['h1'], topOfPageTOC: true, tocId: 'my-toc'"><div id="rprt-tabs-1" class="rprt-tab"><div id="tb-termsProp-1"><div class="leftCol mgCol"><div>
|
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
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||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln">An inability to perceive odors. This is a general term describing inability to smell arising in any part of the process of smelling from absorption of odorants into the nasal mucous overlying the olfactory epithelium, diffusion to the cilia, binding to olfactory receptor sites, generation of action potentials in olfactory neurons, and perception of a smell. [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
|
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</div>
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||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test, </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test, </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM, </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>, </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0003126[DISCUI]&test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=1950">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&from_uid=1950" ref="ncbi_uid=1950">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline">Anosmia</span><ul><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=1794322" target="_blank" href="/omim/301700">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1794322" ref="tree=GTR&ncbi_uid=1794322&link_uid=1794322" title="View MedGen record for 'Anosmia, isolated congenital, X-linked'">Anosmia, isolated congenital, X-linked</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=95992" target="_blank" href="/omim/107200">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/95992" ref="tree=GTR&ncbi_uid=95992&link_uid=95992" title="View MedGen record for 'Congenital anosmia'">Congenital anosmia</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871309" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of prenatal development or birth">Abnormality of prenatal development or birth</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1254" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Fetal anomaly">Fetal anomaly</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/474891" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Congenital Systemic Disorder">Congenital Systemic Disorder</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/105425" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the nervous system">Abnormality of the nervous system</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868417" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal nervous system physiology">Abnormal nervous system physiology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867293" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the sense of smell">Abnormality of the sense of smell</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Anosmia</span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1794322" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Anosmia, isolated congenital, X-linked">Anosmia, isolated congenital, X-linked</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/95992" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Congenital anosmia">Congenital anosmia</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1775272" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for COVID-19-Associated Anosmia">COVID-19-Associated Anosmia</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869341" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Partial anosmia">Partial anosmia</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868595" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Specific anosmia">Specific anosmia</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869342" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Total anosmia">Total anosmia</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_11161"><div><strong>Phytanic acid storage disease</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>11161</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0034960</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Adult Refsum disease (ARD is associated with elevated plasma phytanic acid levels, late childhood-onset (or later) retinitis pigmentosa, and variable combinations of anosmia, polyneuropathy, deafness, ataxia, and ichthyosis. Onset of symptoms ranges from age seven months to older than age 50 years. Cardiac arrhythmia and heart failure caused by cardiomyopathy are potentially severe health problems that develop later in life.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/11161">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_75567"><div><strong>CHARGE syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>75567</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0265354</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">CHD7 disorder encompasses the entire phenotypic spectrum of heterozygous CHD7 pathogenic variants that includes CHARGE syndrome as well as subsets of features that comprise the CHARGE syndrome phenotype. The mnemonic CHARGE syndrome, introduced in the premolecular era, stands for coloboma, heart defect, choanal atresia, retarded growth and development, genital hypoplasia, ear anomalies (including deafness). Following the identification of the genetic cause of CHD7 disorder, the phenotypic spectrum expanded to include cranial nerve anomalies, vestibular defects, cleft lip and/or palate, hypothyroidism, tracheoesophageal anomalies, brain anomalies, seizures, and renal anomalies. Life expectancy highly depends on the severity of manifestations; mortality can be high in the first few years when severe birth defects (particularly complex heart defects) are present and often complicated by airway and feeding issues. In childhood, adolescence, and adulthood, decreased life expectancy is likely related to a combination of residual heart defects, infections, aspiration or choking, respiratory issues including obstructive and central apnea, and possibly seizures. Despite these complications, the life expectancy for many individuals can be normal.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/75567">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_95992"><div><strong>Congenital anosmia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>95992</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0393778</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">This syndrome is characterised by total or partial anosmia at birth. So far, 15 patients have been described. The anosmia is caused by a defect in the development of the olfactory bulbs or by replacement of the olfactory epithelium by respiratory epithelium. The mode of transmission appears to be autosomal dominant with incomplete penetrance. Isolated congenital anosmia is found in some parents of individuals with Kallman syndrome (see this term).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/95992">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_140747"><div><strong>Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy with optic atrophy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>140747</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0393807</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">MFN2 hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (MFN2-HMSN) is a classic axonal peripheral sensorimotor neuropathy, inherited in either an autosomal dominant (AD) manner (~90%) or an autosomal recessive (AR) manner (~10%). MFN2-HMSN is characterized by more severe involvement of the lower extremities than the upper extremities, distal upper-extremity involvement as the neuropathy progresses, more prominent motor deficits than sensory deficits, and normal (>42 m/s) or only slightly decreased nerve conduction velocities (NCVs). Postural tremor is common. Median onset is age 12 years in the AD form and age eight years in the AR form. The prevalence of optic atrophy is approximately 7% in the AD form and approximately 20% in the AR form.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/140747">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_101045"><div><strong>Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>101045</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0520679</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Obstructive sleep apnea is a common, chronic, complex disease associated with serious cardiovascular and neuropsychologic sequelae and with substantial social and economic costs (Palmer et al., 2003).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/101045">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_295872"><div><strong>Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 1 with or without anosmia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>295872</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1563719</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Isolated gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) deficiency (IGD) is characterized by inappropriately low serum concentrations of the gonadotropins LH (luteinizing hormone) and FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) in the presence of low circulating concentrations of sex steroids. IGD is associated with a normal sense of smell (normosmic IGD) in approximately 40% of affected individuals and an impaired sense of smell (Kallmann syndrome) in approximately 60%. IGD can first become apparent in infancy, adolescence, or adulthood. Infant boys with congenital IGD often have micropenis and cryptorchidism. Adolescents and adults with IGD have clinical evidence of hypogonadism and incomplete sexual maturation on physical examination. Adult males with IGD tend to have prepubertal testicular volume (i.e., <4 mL), absence of secondary sexual features (e.g., facial and axillary hair growth, deepening of the voice), decreased muscle mass, diminished libido, erectile dysfunction, and infertility. Adult females have little or no breast development and primary amenorrhea. Although skeletal maturation is delayed, the rate of linear growth is usually normal except for the absence of a distinct pubertal growth spurt.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/295872">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_289648"><div><strong>Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 2 with or without anosmia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>289648</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1563720</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Isolated gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) deficiency (IGD) is characterized by inappropriately low serum concentrations of the gonadotropins LH (luteinizing hormone) and FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) in the presence of low circulating concentrations of sex steroids. IGD is associated with a normal sense of smell (normosmic IGD) in approximately 40% of affected individuals and an impaired sense of smell (Kallmann syndrome) in approximately 60%. IGD can first become apparent in infancy, adolescence, or adulthood. Infant boys with congenital IGD often have micropenis and cryptorchidism. Adolescents and adults with IGD have clinical evidence of hypogonadism and incomplete sexual maturation on physical examination. Adult males with IGD tend to have prepubertal testicular volume (i.e., <4 mL), absence of secondary sexual features (e.g., facial and axillary hair growth, deepening of the voice), decreased muscle mass, diminished libido, erectile dysfunction, and infertility. Adult females have little or no breast development and primary amenorrhea. Although skeletal maturation is delayed, the rate of linear growth is usually normal except for the absence of a distinct pubertal growth spurt.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/289648">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_373160"><div><strong>PCWH syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>373160</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1836727</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">PCWH syndrome is a complex neurocristopathy that includes features of 4 distinct syndromes: peripheral demyelinating neuropathy (see 118200), central dysmyelination, Waardenburg syndrome, and Hirschsprung disease (see 142623) (Inoue et al., 2004). Inoue et al. (2004) proposed the acronym PCWH for this disorder.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/373160">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_333437"><div><strong>Kallmann syndrome with spastic paraplegia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>333437</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1839911</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/333437">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_326686"><div><strong>Solitary median maxillary central incisor syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>326686</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1840235</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Solitary median maxillary central incisor (SMMCI) may occur as an isolated anomaly or with various associated features, primarily short stature, choanal atresia, midnasal stenosis, and holoprosencephaly (Hall et al., 1997).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/326686">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_327093"><div><strong>Hyperostosis cranialis interna</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>327093</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1840404</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Hyperostosis cranialis interna (HCIN) is a bone disorder characterized by endosteal hyperostosis and osteosclerosis of the calvaria and the skull base. The progressive bone overgrowth causes entrapment and dysfunction of cranial nerves I, II, V, VII, and VIII (Waterval et al., 2010).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/327093">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_338281"><div><strong>Kufor-Rakeb syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>338281</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1847640</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Kufor-Rakeb syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive form of juvenile-onset atypical Parkinson disease (PARK9) associated with supranuclear gaze palsy, spasticity, and dementia. Some patients have neuroradiologic evidence of iron deposition in the basal ganglia, indicating that the pathogenesis of PARK9 can be considered among the syndromes of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA; see 234200) (summary by Bruggemann et al., 2010). For a phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Parkinson disease (PD), see 168600. Biallelic mutation in the ATP13A2 gene also causes autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia-78 (SPG78; 617225), an adult-onset neurodegenerative disorder with overlapping features. Patients with SPG78 have later onset and prominent spasticity, but rarely parkinsonism. Loss of ATP13A2 function results in a multidimensional spectrum of neurologic features reflecting various regions of the brain and nervous system, including cortical, pyramidal, extrapyramidal, brainstem, cerebellar, and peripheral (summary by Estrada-Cuzcano et al., 2017).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/338281">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_338553"><div><strong>Absent thumb-short stature-immunodeficiency syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>338553</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1848818</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">An exceedingly rare, autosomal recessive immune disease characterized by thumb aplasia, short stature with skeletal abnormalities, and combined immunodeficiency described in three sibships from two possibly related families. The skeletal abnormalities included unfused olecranon and the immunodeficiency manifested with severe chickenpox and chronic candidiasis. No new cases have been reported since 1978.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/338553">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_341400"><div><strong>Anosmia for butyl mercaptan</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>341400</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1849192</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/341400">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_342594"><div><strong>Musk, inability to smell</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>342594</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1850807</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/342594">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_383751"><div><strong>Isovaleric acid, inability to smell</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>383751</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1855714</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/383751">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_344563"><div><strong>Channelopathy-associated congenital insensitivity to pain, autosomal recessive</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>344563</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1855739</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type II (HSAN2) is characterized by progressively reduced sensation to pain, temperature, and touch. Onset can be at birth and is often before puberty. The sensory deficit is predominantly distal with the lower limbs more severely affected than the upper limbs. Over time sensory function becomes severely reduced. Unnoticed injuries and neuropathic skin promote ulcerations and infections that result in spontaneous amputation of digits or the need for surgical amputation. Osteomyelitis is common. Painless fractures can complicate the disease. Autonomic disturbances are variable and can include hyperhidrosis, tonic pupils, and urinary incontinence in those with more advanced disease.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/344563">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_347328"><div><strong>Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 12 with or without anosmia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>347328</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1856897</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Isolated gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) deficiency (IGD) is characterized by inappropriately low serum concentrations of the gonadotropins LH (luteinizing hormone) and FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) in the presence of low circulating concentrations of sex steroids. IGD is associated with a normal sense of smell (normosmic IGD) in approximately 40% of affected individuals and an impaired sense of smell (Kallmann syndrome) in approximately 60%. IGD can first become apparent in infancy, adolescence, or adulthood. Infant boys with congenital IGD often have micropenis and cryptorchidism. Adolescents and adults with IGD have clinical evidence of hypogonadism and incomplete sexual maturation on physical examination. Adult males with IGD tend to have prepubertal testicular volume (i.e., <4 mL), absence of secondary sexual features (e.g., facial and axillary hair growth, deepening of the voice), decreased muscle mass, diminished libido, erectile dysfunction, and infertility. Adult females have little or no breast development and primary amenorrhea. Although skeletal maturation is delayed, the rate of linear growth is usually normal except for the absence of a distinct pubertal growth spurt.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/347328">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_347880"><div><strong>Blepharophimosis-ptosis-esotropia-syndactyly-short stature syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>347880</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1859432</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A rare syndrome characterised by the association of blepharophimosis and ptosis, V-esotropia, and weakness of extraocular and frontal muscles with syndactyly of the toes, short stature, prognathism, and hypertrophy and fusion of the eyebrows.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/347880">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_355084"><div><strong>Arrhinia with choanal atresia and microphthalmia syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>355084</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1863878</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Bosma arhinia microphthalmia syndrome (BAMS) is characterized by severe hypoplasia of the nose and eyes, palatal abnormalities, deficient taste and smell, inguinal hernias, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with cryptorchidism, and normal intelligence (summary by Graham and Lee, 2006). Also see absence of nasal bones (161480).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/355084">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_398476"><div><strong>Waardenburg syndrome type 2E</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>398476</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C2700405</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Waardenburg syndrome type 2 (WS2) is an auditory-pigmentary syndrome characterized by pigmentary abnormalities of the hair, skin, and eyes; congenital sensorineural hearing loss; and the absence of 'dystopia canthorum,' the lateral displacement of the inner canthus of each eye, which is seen in some other forms of WS (review by Read and Newton, 1997). Individuals with WS type 2E (WS2E) may have neurologic abnormalities, including mental impairment, myelination defects, and ataxia. Waardenburg syndrome type 2 is genetically heterogeneous (see WS2A, 193510). For a description of other clinical variants of Waardenburg syndrome, see WS1 (193500), WS3 (148820), and WS4 (277580).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/398476">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_440765"><div><strong>Peroxisome biogenesis disorder 9B</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>440765</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C2749346</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Adult Refsum disease (ARD is associated with elevated plasma phytanic acid levels, late childhood-onset (or later) retinitis pigmentosa, and variable combinations of anosmia, polyneuropathy, deafness, ataxia, and ichthyosis. Onset of symptoms ranges from age seven months to older than age 50 years. Cardiac arrhythmia and heart failure caused by cardiomyopathy are potentially severe health problems that develop later in life.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/440765">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_413310"><div><strong>Waardenburg syndrome type 4C</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>413310</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C2750452</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Waardenburg syndrome type 4 is an auditory-pigmentary syndrome characterized by pigmentary abnormalities of the eye, deafness, and Hirschsprung disease (review by Read and Newton, 1997). WS type 4C is caused by mutation in the SOX10 gene (602229). WS type 4 is genetically heterogeneous (see WS4A; 277580). For a description of other clinical variants of Waardenburg syndrome, see WS1 (193500), WS2 (193510), and WS3 (148820).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/413310">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_761703"><div><strong>Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 14 with or without anosmia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>761703</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3540450</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Isolated gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) deficiency (IGD) is characterized by inappropriately low serum concentrations of the gonadotropins LH (luteinizing hormone) and FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) in the presence of low circulating concentrations of sex steroids. IGD is associated with a normal sense of smell (normosmic IGD) in approximately 40% of affected individuals and an impaired sense of smell (Kallmann syndrome) in approximately 60%. IGD can first become apparent in infancy, adolescence, or adulthood. Infant boys with congenital IGD often have micropenis and cryptorchidism. Adolescents and adults with IGD have clinical evidence of hypogonadism and incomplete sexual maturation on physical examination. Adult males with IGD tend to have prepubertal testicular volume (i.e., <4 mL), absence of secondary sexual features (e.g., facial and axillary hair growth, deepening of the voice), decreased muscle mass, diminished libido, erectile dysfunction, and infertility. Adult females have little or no breast development and primary amenorrhea. Although skeletal maturation is delayed, the rate of linear growth is usually normal except for the absence of a distinct pubertal growth spurt.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/761703">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_762090"><div><strong>Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 13 with or without anosmia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>762090</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3541462</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Isolated gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) deficiency (IGD) is characterized by inappropriately low serum concentrations of the gonadotropins LH (luteinizing hormone) and FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) in the presence of low circulating concentrations of sex steroids. IGD is associated with a normal sense of smell (normosmic IGD) in approximately 40% of affected individuals and an impaired sense of smell (Kallmann syndrome) in approximately 60%. IGD can first become apparent in infancy, adolescence, or adulthood. Infant boys with congenital IGD often have micropenis and cryptorchidism. Adolescents and adults with IGD have clinical evidence of hypogonadism and incomplete sexual maturation on physical examination. Adult males with IGD tend to have prepubertal testicular volume (i.e., <4 mL), absence of secondary sexual features (e.g., facial and axillary hair growth, deepening of the voice), decreased muscle mass, diminished libido, erectile dysfunction, and infertility. Adult females have little or no breast development and primary amenorrhea. Although skeletal maturation is delayed, the rate of linear growth is usually normal except for the absence of a distinct pubertal growth spurt.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/762090">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_763392"><div><strong>Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 3 with or without anosmia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>763392</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3550478</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Isolated gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) deficiency (IGD) is characterized by inappropriately low serum concentrations of the gonadotropins LH (luteinizing hormone) and FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) in the presence of low circulating concentrations of sex steroids. IGD is associated with a normal sense of smell (normosmic IGD) in approximately 40% of affected individuals and an impaired sense of smell (Kallmann syndrome) in approximately 60%. IGD can first become apparent in infancy, adolescence, or adulthood. Infant boys with congenital IGD often have micropenis and cryptorchidism. Adolescents and adults with IGD have clinical evidence of hypogonadism and incomplete sexual maturation on physical examination. Adult males with IGD tend to have prepubertal testicular volume (i.e., <4 mL), absence of secondary sexual features (e.g., facial and axillary hair growth, deepening of the voice), decreased muscle mass, diminished libido, erectile dysfunction, and infertility. Adult females have little or no breast development and primary amenorrhea. Although skeletal maturation is delayed, the rate of linear growth is usually normal except for the absence of a distinct pubertal growth spurt.</div>
|
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/763392">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_765257"><div><strong>Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 4 with or without anosmia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>765257</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3552343</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">Isolated gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) deficiency (IGD) is characterized by inappropriately low serum concentrations of the gonadotropins LH (luteinizing hormone) and FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) in the presence of low circulating concentrations of sex steroids. IGD is associated with a normal sense of smell (normosmic IGD) in approximately 40% of affected individuals and an impaired sense of smell (Kallmann syndrome) in approximately 60%. IGD can first become apparent in infancy, adolescence, or adulthood. Infant boys with congenital IGD often have micropenis and cryptorchidism. Adolescents and adults with IGD have clinical evidence of hypogonadism and incomplete sexual maturation on physical examination. Adult males with IGD tend to have prepubertal testicular volume (i.e., <4 mL), absence of secondary sexual features (e.g., facial and axillary hair growth, deepening of the voice), decreased muscle mass, diminished libido, erectile dysfunction, and infertility. Adult females have little or no breast development and primary amenorrhea. Although skeletal maturation is delayed, the rate of linear growth is usually normal except for the absence of a distinct pubertal growth spurt.</div>
|
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/765257">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_765467"><div><strong>Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 5 with or without anosmia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>765467</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3552553</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Isolated gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) deficiency (IGD) is characterized by inappropriately low serum concentrations of the gonadotropins LH (luteinizing hormone) and FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) in the presence of low circulating concentrations of sex steroids. IGD is associated with a normal sense of smell (normosmic IGD) in approximately 40% of affected individuals and an impaired sense of smell (Kallmann syndrome) in approximately 60%. IGD can first become apparent in infancy, adolescence, or adulthood. Infant boys with congenital IGD often have micropenis and cryptorchidism. Adolescents and adults with IGD have clinical evidence of hypogonadism and incomplete sexual maturation on physical examination. Adult males with IGD tend to have prepubertal testicular volume (i.e., <4 mL), absence of secondary sexual features (e.g., facial and axillary hair growth, deepening of the voice), decreased muscle mass, diminished libido, erectile dysfunction, and infertility. Adult females have little or no breast development and primary amenorrhea. Although skeletal maturation is delayed, the rate of linear growth is usually normal except for the absence of a distinct pubertal growth spurt.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/765467">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_765488"><div><strong>Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 6 with or without anosmia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>765488</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3552574</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Isolated gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) deficiency (IGD) is characterized by inappropriately low serum concentrations of the gonadotropins LH (luteinizing hormone) and FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) in the presence of low circulating concentrations of sex steroids. IGD is associated with a normal sense of smell (normosmic IGD) in approximately 40% of affected individuals and an impaired sense of smell (Kallmann syndrome) in approximately 60%. IGD can first become apparent in infancy, adolescence, or adulthood. Infant boys with congenital IGD often have micropenis and cryptorchidism. Adolescents and adults with IGD have clinical evidence of hypogonadism and incomplete sexual maturation on physical examination. Adult males with IGD tend to have prepubertal testicular volume (i.e., <4 mL), absence of secondary sexual features (e.g., facial and axillary hair growth, deepening of the voice), decreased muscle mass, diminished libido, erectile dysfunction, and infertility. Adult females have little or no breast development and primary amenorrhea. Although skeletal maturation is delayed, the rate of linear growth is usually normal except for the absence of a distinct pubertal growth spurt.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/765488">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_766755"><div><strong>Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 8 with or without anosmia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>766755</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3553841</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Isolated gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) deficiency (IGD) is characterized by inappropriately low serum concentrations of the gonadotropins LH (luteinizing hormone) and FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) in the presence of low circulating concentrations of sex steroids. IGD is associated with a normal sense of smell (normosmic IGD) in approximately 40% of affected individuals and an impaired sense of smell (Kallmann syndrome) in approximately 60%. IGD can first become apparent in infancy, adolescence, or adulthood. Infant boys with congenital IGD often have micropenis and cryptorchidism. Adolescents and adults with IGD have clinical evidence of hypogonadism and incomplete sexual maturation on physical examination. Adult males with IGD tend to have prepubertal testicular volume (i.e., <4 mL), absence of secondary sexual features (e.g., facial and axillary hair growth, deepening of the voice), decreased muscle mass, diminished libido, erectile dysfunction, and infertility. Adult females have little or no breast development and primary amenorrhea. Although skeletal maturation is delayed, the rate of linear growth is usually normal except for the absence of a distinct pubertal growth spurt.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/766755">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_766756"><div><strong>Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 9 with or without anosmia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>766756</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3553842</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Isolated gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) deficiency (IGD) is characterized by inappropriately low serum concentrations of the gonadotropins LH (luteinizing hormone) and FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) in the presence of low circulating concentrations of sex steroids. IGD is associated with a normal sense of smell (normosmic IGD) in approximately 40% of affected individuals and an impaired sense of smell (Kallmann syndrome) in approximately 60%. IGD can first become apparent in infancy, adolescence, or adulthood. Infant boys with congenital IGD often have micropenis and cryptorchidism. Adolescents and adults with IGD have clinical evidence of hypogonadism and incomplete sexual maturation on physical examination. Adult males with IGD tend to have prepubertal testicular volume (i.e., <4 mL), absence of secondary sexual features (e.g., facial and axillary hair growth, deepening of the voice), decreased muscle mass, diminished libido, erectile dysfunction, and infertility. Adult females have little or no breast development and primary amenorrhea. Although skeletal maturation is delayed, the rate of linear growth is usually normal except for the absence of a distinct pubertal growth spurt.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/766756">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_766757"><div><strong>Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 10 with or without anosmia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>766757</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3553843</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Isolated gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) deficiency (IGD) is characterized by inappropriately low serum concentrations of the gonadotropins LH (luteinizing hormone) and FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) in the presence of low circulating concentrations of sex steroids. IGD is associated with a normal sense of smell (normosmic IGD) in approximately 40% of affected individuals and an impaired sense of smell (Kallmann syndrome) in approximately 60%. IGD can first become apparent in infancy, adolescence, or adulthood. Infant boys with congenital IGD often have micropenis and cryptorchidism. Adolescents and adults with IGD have clinical evidence of hypogonadism and incomplete sexual maturation on physical examination. Adult males with IGD tend to have prepubertal testicular volume (i.e., <4 mL), absence of secondary sexual features (e.g., facial and axillary hair growth, deepening of the voice), decreased muscle mass, diminished libido, erectile dysfunction, and infertility. Adult females have little or no breast development and primary amenorrhea. Although skeletal maturation is delayed, the rate of linear growth is usually normal except for the absence of a distinct pubertal growth spurt.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/766757">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_766891"><div><strong>Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 15 with or without anosmia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>766891</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3553977</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Isolated gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) deficiency (IGD) is characterized by inappropriately low serum concentrations of the gonadotropins LH (luteinizing hormone) and FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) in the presence of low circulating concentrations of sex steroids. IGD is associated with a normal sense of smell (normosmic IGD) in approximately 40% of affected individuals and an impaired sense of smell (Kallmann syndrome) in approximately 60%. IGD can first become apparent in infancy, adolescence, or adulthood. Infant boys with congenital IGD often have micropenis and cryptorchidism. Adolescents and adults with IGD have clinical evidence of hypogonadism and incomplete sexual maturation on physical examination. Adult males with IGD tend to have prepubertal testicular volume (i.e., <4 mL), absence of secondary sexual features (e.g., facial and axillary hair growth, deepening of the voice), decreased muscle mass, diminished libido, erectile dysfunction, and infertility. Adult females have little or no breast development and primary amenorrhea. Although skeletal maturation is delayed, the rate of linear growth is usually normal except for the absence of a distinct pubertal growth spurt.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/766891">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_766935"><div><strong>Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 16 with or without anosmia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>766935</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3554021</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Isolated gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) deficiency (IGD) is characterized by inappropriately low serum concentrations of the gonadotropins LH (luteinizing hormone) and FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) in the presence of low circulating concentrations of sex steroids. IGD is associated with a normal sense of smell (normosmic IGD) in approximately 40% of affected individuals and an impaired sense of smell (Kallmann syndrome) in approximately 60%. IGD can first become apparent in infancy, adolescence, or adulthood. Infant boys with congenital IGD often have micropenis and cryptorchidism. Adolescents and adults with IGD have clinical evidence of hypogonadism and incomplete sexual maturation on physical examination. Adult males with IGD tend to have prepubertal testicular volume (i.e., <4 mL), absence of secondary sexual features (e.g., facial and axillary hair growth, deepening of the voice), decreased muscle mass, diminished libido, erectile dysfunction, and infertility. Adult females have little or no breast development and primary amenorrhea. Although skeletal maturation is delayed, the rate of linear growth is usually normal except for the absence of a distinct pubertal growth spurt.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/766935">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_777171"><div><strong>X-linked chondrodysplasia punctata 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>777171</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3669395</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">X-linked chondrodysplasia punctata 1 (CDPX1) is characterized by chondrodysplasia punctata (stippled epiphyses), brachytelephalangy (shortening of the distal phalanges), and nasomaxillary hypoplasia. Although most affected males have minimal morbidity and skeletal findings that improve by adulthood, some have significant medical problems including respiratory involvement, cervical spine stenosis and instability, mixed conductive and sensorineural hearing loss, and intellectual disability.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/777171">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_811538"><div><strong>Bardet-Biedl syndrome 17</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>811538</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3714980</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Bardet-Biedl syndrome-17 (BBS17) is an autosomal recessive ciliopathy characterized by retinitis pigmentosa, cognitive impairment, obesity, renal dysfunction, and hypogenitalism. Polydactyly, most often postaxial, is also a primary feature of BBS; in BBS17, mesoaxial polydactyly, with fused or Y-shaped metacarpals, is a distinct manifestation (Deffert et al., 2007; Schaefer et al., 2014). For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Bardet-Biedl syndrome, see BBS1 (209900).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/811538">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_815305"><div><strong>Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 18 with or without anosmia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>815305</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3808975</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Isolated gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) deficiency (IGD) is characterized by inappropriately low serum concentrations of the gonadotropins LH (luteinizing hormone) and FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) in the presence of low circulating concentrations of sex steroids. IGD is associated with a normal sense of smell (normosmic IGD) in approximately 40% of affected individuals and an impaired sense of smell (Kallmann syndrome) in approximately 60%. IGD can first become apparent in infancy, adolescence, or adulthood. Infant boys with congenital IGD often have micropenis and cryptorchidism. Adolescents and adults with IGD have clinical evidence of hypogonadism and incomplete sexual maturation on physical examination. Adult males with IGD tend to have prepubertal testicular volume (i.e., <4 mL), absence of secondary sexual features (e.g., facial and axillary hair growth, deepening of the voice), decreased muscle mass, diminished libido, erectile dysfunction, and infertility. Adult females have little or no breast development and primary amenorrhea. Although skeletal maturation is delayed, the rate of linear growth is usually normal except for the absence of a distinct pubertal growth spurt.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/815305">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_815313"><div><strong>Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 20 with or without anosmia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>815313</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3808983</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Isolated gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) deficiency (IGD) is characterized by inappropriately low serum concentrations of the gonadotropins LH (luteinizing hormone) and FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) in the presence of low circulating concentrations of sex steroids. IGD is associated with a normal sense of smell (normosmic IGD) in approximately 40% of affected individuals and an impaired sense of smell (Kallmann syndrome) in approximately 60%. IGD can first become apparent in infancy, adolescence, or adulthood. Infant boys with congenital IGD often have micropenis and cryptorchidism. Adolescents and adults with IGD have clinical evidence of hypogonadism and incomplete sexual maturation on physical examination. Adult males with IGD tend to have prepubertal testicular volume (i.e., <4 mL), absence of secondary sexual features (e.g., facial and axillary hair growth, deepening of the voice), decreased muscle mass, diminished libido, erectile dysfunction, and infertility. Adult females have little or no breast development and primary amenorrhea. Although skeletal maturation is delayed, the rate of linear growth is usually normal except for the absence of a distinct pubertal growth spurt.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/815313">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_863425"><div><strong>Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 22 with or without anosmia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>863425</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4014988</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Isolated gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) deficiency (IGD) is characterized by inappropriately low serum concentrations of the gonadotropins LH (luteinizing hormone) and FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) in the presence of low circulating concentrations of sex steroids. IGD is associated with a normal sense of smell (normosmic IGD) in approximately 40% of affected individuals and an impaired sense of smell (Kallmann syndrome) in approximately 60%. IGD can first become apparent in infancy, adolescence, or adulthood. Infant boys with congenital IGD often have micropenis and cryptorchidism. Adolescents and adults with IGD have clinical evidence of hypogonadism and incomplete sexual maturation on physical examination. Adult males with IGD tend to have prepubertal testicular volume (i.e., <4 mL), absence of secondary sexual features (e.g., facial and axillary hair growth, deepening of the voice), decreased muscle mass, diminished libido, erectile dysfunction, and infertility. Adult females have little or no breast development and primary amenorrhea. Although skeletal maturation is delayed, the rate of linear growth is usually normal except for the absence of a distinct pubertal growth spurt.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/863425">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1646059"><div><strong>Kartagener syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1646059</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4551906</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Primary ciliary dyskinesia is a genetically heterogeneous autosomal recessive disorder resulting from loss of function of different parts of the primary ciliary apparatus, most often dynein arms. Kartagener (pronounced KART-agayner) syndrome is characterized by the combination of primary ciliary dyskinesia and situs inversus (270100), and occurs in approximately half of patients with ciliary dyskinesia. Since normal nodal ciliary movement in the embryo is required for normal visceral asymmetry, absence of normal ciliary movement results in a lack of definitive patterning; thus, random chance alone appears to determine whether the viscera take up the normal or reversed left-right position during embryogenesis. This explains why approximately 50% of patients, even within the same family, have situs inversus (Afzelius, 1976; El Zein et al., 2003). Genetic Heterogeneity of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Other forms of primary ciliary dyskinesia include CILD2 (606763), caused by mutation in the DNAAF3 gene (614566) on 19q13; CILD3 (608644), caused by mutation in the DNAH5 gene (603335) on 5p15; CILD4 (608646), mapped to 15q13; CILD5 (608647), caused by mutation in the HYDIN gene (610812) on 16q22; CILD6 (610852), caused by mutation in the TXNDC3 gene (607421) on 7p14; CILD7 (611884), caused by mutation in the DNAH11 gene (603339) on 7p15; CILD8 (612274), mapped to 15q24-q25; CILD9 (612444), caused by mutation in the DNAI2 gene (605483) on 17q25; CILD10 (612518), caused by mutation in the DNAAF2 gene (612517) on 14q21; CILD11 (612649), caused by mutation in the RSPH4A gene (612647) on 6q22; CILD12 (612650), caused by mutation in the RSPH9 gene (612648) on 6p21; CILD13 (613193), caused by mutation in the DNAAF1 gene (613190) on 16q24; CILD14 (613807), caused by mutation in the CCDC39 gene (613798) gene on 3q26; CILD15 (613808), caused by mutation in the CCDC40 gene (613799) on 17q25; CILD16 (614017), caused by mutation in the DNAL1 gene (610062) on 14q24; CILD17 (614679), caused by mutation in the DNAAF19 gene (614677) on 17q21; CILD18 (614874), caused by mutation in the DNAAF5 gene (614864) on 7p22; CILD19 (614935), caused by mutation in the DNAAF11 gene (614930) on 8q24; CILD20 (615067), caused by mutation in the CCDC114 gene (615038) on 19q13; CILD21 (615294), caused by mutation in the DRC1 gene (615288) on 2p23; CILD22 (615444), caused by mutation in the ZMYND10 gene (607070) on 3p21; CILD23 (615451), caused by mutation in the ARMC4 gene (615408) on 10p; CILD24 (615481), caused by mutation in the RSPH1 gene (609314) on 21q22; CILD25 (615482), caused by mutation in the DYX1C1 gene (608706) on 15q21; CILD26 (615500), caused by mutation in the C21ORF59 gene (615494) on 21q22; CILD27 (615504), caused by mutation in the CCDC65 gene (611088) on 12q13; CILD28 (615505), caused by mutation in the SPAG1 gene (603395) on 8q22; CILD29 (615872), caused by mutation in the CCNO gene (607752) on 5q11; CILD30 (616037), caused by mutation in the CCDC151 gene (615956) on 19p13; CILD32 (616481), caused by mutation in the RSPH3 gene (615876) on 6q25; CILD33 (616726), caused by mutation in the GAS8 gene (605178) on 16q24; CILD34 (617091), caused by mutation in the DNAJB13 gene (610263) on 11q13; CILD35 (617092), caused by mutation in the TTC25 gene (617095) on 17q21; CILD36 (300991), caused by mutation in the DNAAF6 gene (300933) on Xq22; CILD37 (617577), caused by mutation in the DNAH1 gene (603332) on 3p21; CILD38 (618063), caused by mutation in the CFAP300 gene (618058) on 11q22; CILD39 (618254), caused by mutation in the LRRC56 gene (618227) on 11p15; CILD40 (618300), caused by mutation in the DNAH9 gene (603330) on 17p12; CILD41 (618449), caused by mutation in the GAS2L2 gene (611398) on 17q12; CILD42 (618695), caused by mutation in the MCIDAS gene (614086) on 5q11; CILD43 (618699), caused by mutation in the FOXJ1 gene (602291) on 17q25; CILD44 (618781), caused by mutation in the NEK10 gene (618726) on 3p24; CILD45 (618801), caused by mutation in the TTC12 gene (610732) on 11q23; CILD46 (619436), caused by mutation in the STK36 gene (607652) on 2q35; CILD47 (619466), caused by mutation in the TP73 gene (601990) on 1p36; CILD48 (620032), caused by mutation in the NME5 gene (603575) on chromosome 5q31; CILD49 (620197), caused by mutation in the CFAP74 gene (620187) on chromosome 1p36; CILD50 (620356), caused by mutation in the DNAH7 gene (610061) on chromosome 2q32; CILD51 (620438), caused by mutation in the BRWD1 gene (617824) on chromosome 21q22; CILD52 (620570), caused by mutation in the DAW1 gene (620279) on chromosome 2q36; and CILD53 (620642), caused by mutation in the CLXN gene (619564) on chromosome 8q11. Ciliary abnormalities have also been reported in association with both X-linked and autosomal forms of retinitis pigmentosa. Mutations in the RPGR gene (312610), which underlie X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (RP3; 300029), are in some instances (e.g., 312610.0016) associated with recurrent respiratory infections indistinguishable from immotile cilia syndrome; see 300455. Afzelius (1979) gave an extensive review of cilia and their disorders. There are also several possibly distinct CILDs described based on the electron microscopic appearance of abnormal cilia, including CILD with transposition of the microtubules (215520), CILD with excessively long cilia (242680), and CILD with defective radial spokes (242670).</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1646059">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1638030"><div><strong>BODY MASS INDEX QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCUS 19</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1638030</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4693522</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">Patients with biallelic mutations in the ADCY3 gene show hyperphagia within the first 2 years of life and develop severe obesity. Other features include hyposmia or anosmia, and some patients exhibit mild to moderate intellectual disability (Saeed et al., 2018).</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1638030">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1717461"><div><strong>Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 25 with anosmia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1717461</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5394246</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism-25 with anosmia (HH25) is characterized by delayed or absent puberty with low gonadotropic hormones in the setting of low testosterone or estradiol. Affected individuals also exhibit hyposmia or anosmia, with hypoplastic olfactory bulbs on MRI. Intrafamilial variable expressivity and incomplete penetrance has been observed (Messina et al., 2020). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with or without anosmia, see 147950.</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1717461">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1794322"><div><strong>Anosmia, isolated congenital, X-linked</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1794322</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5562112</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">X-linked form of anosmia, isolated congenital.</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1794322">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1811919"><div><strong>Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 26 with or without anosmia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1811919</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5676903</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">HH26 is characterized by micropenis and cryptorchidism at birth in male patients, and absent puberty and anosmia in male or female patients. Some affected individuals also exhibit craniosynostosis (Davis et al., 2020). Congenital idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) is a disorder characterized by absent or incomplete sexual maturation by the age of 18 years, in conjunction with low levels of circulating gonadotropins and testosterone and no other abnormalities of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism can be caused by an isolated defect in gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GNRH; 152760) release, action, or both. Other associated nonreproductive phenotypes, such as anosmia, cleft palate, and sensorineural hearing loss, occur with variable frequency. In the presence of anosmia, idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism has been called 'Kallmann syndrome (KS),' whereas in the presence of a normal sense of smell, it has been termed 'normosmic idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (nIHH)' (summary by Raivio et al., 2007). Because families have been found to segregate both KS and nIHH, the disorder is here referred to as 'hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with or without anosmia (HH).' For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with or without anosmia as well as a discussion of oligogenicity of this disorder, see 147950.</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1811919">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1810165"><div><strong>Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 27 without anosmia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1810165</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5676921</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism-27 without anosmia (HH27) is characterized by lack of pubertal development associated with onset of obesity in early adolescence (Topaloglu et al., 2022). Congenital idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) is a disorder characterized by absent or incomplete sexual maturation by the age of 18 years, in conjunction with low levels of circulating gonadotropins and testosterone and no other abnormalities of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism can be caused by an isolated defect in gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GNRH; 152760) release, action, or both. Other associated nonreproductive phenotypes, such as anosmia, cleft palate, and sensorineural hearing loss, occur with variable frequency. In the presence of anosmia, idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism has been called 'Kallmann syndrome (KS),' whereas in the presence of a normal sense of smell, it has been termed 'normosmic idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (nIHH)' (summary by Raivio et al., 2007). Because families have been found to segregate both KS and nIHH, the disorder is here referred to as 'hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with or without anosmia (HH).'</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1810165">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_338553" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Absent thumb-short stature-immunodeficiency syndrome</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_341400" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Anosmia for butyl mercaptan</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1794322" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Anosmia, isolated congenital, X-linked</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_355084" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Arrhinia with choanal atresia and microphthalmia syndrome</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_811538" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Bardet-Biedl syndrome 17</a></div><div class="jig-moreless" data-jigconfig="class: 'moveDown', moreText: 'See full list (45)', lessText: 'Show less', nodeBefore: 0"><span id="clinMore">
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_347880" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Blepharophimosis-ptosis-esotropia-syndactyly-short stature syndrome</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1638030" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">BODY MASS INDEX QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCUS 19</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_344563" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Channelopathy-associated congenital insensitivity to pain, autosomal recessive</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_75567" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">CHARGE syndrome</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_95992" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Congenital anosmia</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_140747" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy with optic atrophy</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_327093" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hyperostosis cranialis interna</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_295872" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 1 with or without anosmia</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_766757" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 10 with or without anosmia</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_347328" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 12 with or without anosmia</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_762090" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 13 with or without anosmia</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_761703" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 14 with or without anosmia</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_766891" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 15 with or without anosmia</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_766935" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 16 with or without anosmia</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_815305" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 18 with or without anosmia</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_289648" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 2 with or without anosmia</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_815313" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 20 with or without anosmia</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_863425" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 22 with or without anosmia</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1717461" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 25 with anosmia</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1811919" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 26 with or without anosmia</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1810165" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 27 without anosmia</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_763392" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 3 with or without anosmia</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_765257" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 4 with or without anosmia</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_765467" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 5 with or without anosmia</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_765488" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 6 with or without anosmia</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_766755" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 8 with or without anosmia</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_766756" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 9 with or without anosmia</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_383751" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Isovaleric acid, inability to smell</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_333437" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Kallmann syndrome with spastic paraplegia</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1646059" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Kartagener syndrome</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_338281" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Kufor-Rakeb syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_342594" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Musk, inability to smell</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_101045" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_373160" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">PCWH syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_440765" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Peroxisome biogenesis disorder 9B</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_11161" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Phytanic acid storage disease</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_326686" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Solitary median maxillary central incisor syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_398476" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Waardenburg syndrome type 2E</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_413310" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Waardenburg syndrome type 4C</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_777171" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">X-linked chondrodysplasia punctata 1</a></div></span></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35373533">International consensus statement on allergy and rhinology: Olfaction.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Patel ZM,
|
||
Holbrook EH,
|
||
Turner JH,
|
||
Adappa ND,
|
||
Albers MW,
|
||
Altundag A,
|
||
Appenzeller S,
|
||
Costanzo RM,
|
||
Croy I,
|
||
Davis GE,
|
||
Dehgani-Mobaraki P,
|
||
Doty RL,
|
||
Duffy VB,
|
||
Goldstein BJ,
|
||
Gudis DA,
|
||
Haehner A,
|
||
Higgins TS,
|
||
Hopkins C,
|
||
Huart C,
|
||
Hummel T,
|
||
Jitaroon K,
|
||
Kern RC,
|
||
Khanwalkar AR,
|
||
Kobayashi M,
|
||
Kondo K,
|
||
Lane AP,
|
||
Lechner M,
|
||
Leopold DA,
|
||
Levy JM,
|
||
Marmura MJ,
|
||
Mclelland L,
|
||
Miwa T,
|
||
Moberg PJ,
|
||
Mueller CA,
|
||
Nigwekar SU,
|
||
O'Brien EK,
|
||
Paunescu TG,
|
||
Pellegrino R,
|
||
Philpott C,
|
||
Pinto JM,
|
||
Reiter ER,
|
||
Roalf DR,
|
||
Rowan NR,
|
||
Schlosser RJ,
|
||
Schwob J,
|
||
Seiden AM,
|
||
Smith TL,
|
||
Soler ZM,
|
||
Sowerby L,
|
||
Tan BK,
|
||
Thamboo A,
|
||
Wrobel B,
|
||
Yan CH</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int Forum Allergy Rhinol</span>
|
||
2022 Apr;12(4):327-680.
|
||
doi: 10.1002/alr.22929.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35373533" target="_blank">35373533</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32576618">Parkinson's disease: etiopathogenesis and treatment.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Jankovic J,
|
||
Tan EK</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry</span>
|
||
2020 Aug;91(8):795-808.
|
||
Epub 2020 Jun 23
|
||
doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2019-322338.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32576618" target="_blank">32576618</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29108899">Kallmann syndrome: phenotype and genotype of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Stamou MI,
|
||
Georgopoulos NA</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Metabolism</span>
|
||
2018 Sep;86:124-134.
|
||
Epub 2017 Nov 3
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.10.012.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29108899" target="_blank">29108899</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5934335" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22anosmia%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (122)</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
|
||
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36775774">Anosmia: Brighton Collaboration case definition and guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Liu YC,
|
||
Munoz FM,
|
||
Izurieta HS,
|
||
Tamborska AA,
|
||
Solomon T,
|
||
Law BJ,
|
||
Chhabra N</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Vaccine</span>
|
||
2023 Mar 10;41(11):1902-1910.
|
||
Epub 2023 Feb 10
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.11.022.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36775774" target="_blank">36775774</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35633158">Neurological Sequelae of COVID-19.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ahmad SJ,
|
||
Feigen CM,
|
||
Vazquez JP,
|
||
Kobets AJ,
|
||
Altschul DJ</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Integr Neurosci</span>
|
||
2022 Apr 6;21(3):77.
|
||
doi: 10.31083/j.jin2103077.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35633158" target="_blank">35633158</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32990925">Multiple Neuroinvasive Pathways in COVID-19.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bougakov D,
|
||
Podell K,
|
||
Goldberg E</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mol Neurobiol</span>
|
||
2021 Feb;58(2):564-575.
|
||
Epub 2020 Sep 29
|
||
doi: 10.1007/s12035-020-02152-5.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32990925" target="_blank">32990925</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7523266" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28531300">Anosmia-A Clinical Review.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Boesveldt S,
|
||
Postma EM,
|
||
Boak D,
|
||
Welge-Luessen A,
|
||
Schöpf V,
|
||
Mainland JD,
|
||
Martens J,
|
||
Ngai J,
|
||
Duffy VB</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Chem Senses</span>
|
||
2017 Sep 1;42(7):513-523.
|
||
doi: 10.1093/chemse/bjx025.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28531300" target="_blank">28531300</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5863566" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23949364">Nasal obstruction and anosmia.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Chambers KJ,
|
||
Sedaghat AR,
|
||
Roberts DS,
|
||
Caradonna DS</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg</span>
|
||
2013 Aug 1;139(8):851-2.
|
||
doi: 10.1001/jamaoto.2013.3823.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23949364" target="_blank">23949364</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Anosmia%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1492)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32556300">What Is Anosmia?</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Huynh PP,
|
||
Ishii LE,
|
||
Ishii M</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAMA</span>
|
||
2020 Jul 14;324(2):206.
|
||
doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.10966.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32556300" target="_blank">32556300</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26194704">Expert consensus document: European Consensus Statement on congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism--pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Boehm U,
|
||
Bouloux PM,
|
||
Dattani MT,
|
||
de Roux N,
|
||
Dodé C,
|
||
Dunkel L,
|
||
Dwyer AA,
|
||
Giacobini P,
|
||
Hardelin JP,
|
||
Juul A,
|
||
Maghnie M,
|
||
Pitteloud N,
|
||
Prevot V,
|
||
Raivio T,
|
||
Tena-Sempere M,
|
||
Quinton R,
|
||
Young J</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nat Rev Endocrinol</span>
|
||
2015 Sep;11(9):547-64.
|
||
Epub 2015 Jul 21
|
||
doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2015.112.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26194704" target="_blank">26194704</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/16866726">Headache and anosmia.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">McGeeney BE</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Headache</span>
|
||
2006 Jul-Aug;46(7):1199.
|
||
doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2006.00512.x.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/16866726" target="_blank">16866726</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/14515104">Anosmia: diagnosis and management.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Holbrook EH,
|
||
Leopold DA</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg</span>
|
||
2003 Feb;11(1):54-60.
|
||
doi: 10.1097/00020840-200302000-00012.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/14515104" target="_blank">14515104</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/3566932">Steroid-dependent anosmia.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Jafek BW,
|
||
Moran DT,
|
||
Eller PM,
|
||
Rowley JC 3rd,
|
||
Jafek TB</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg</span>
|
||
1987 May;113(5):547-9.
|
||
doi: 10.1001/archotol.1987.01860050093023.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/3566932" target="_blank">3566932</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Anosmia%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1491)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32576618">Parkinson's disease: etiopathogenesis and treatment.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Jankovic J,
|
||
Tan EK</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry</span>
|
||
2020 Aug;91(8):795-808.
|
||
Epub 2020 Jun 23
|
||
doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2019-322338.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32576618" target="_blank">32576618</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31690375">Nasal polyps and rhinosinusitis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kwah JH,
|
||
Peters AT</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Allergy Asthma Proc</span>
|
||
2019 Nov 1;40(6):380-384.
|
||
doi: 10.2500/aap.2019.40.4252.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31690375" target="_blank">31690375</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30286644">Will we ever cure nasal polyps?</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ta NH</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Ann R Coll Surg Engl</span>
|
||
2019 Jan;101(1):35-39.
|
||
Epub 2018 Oct 5
|
||
doi: 10.1308/rcsann.2018.0149.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30286644" target="_blank">30286644</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6303820" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29094889">Chronic Rhinosinusitis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sedaghat AR</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am Fam Physician</span>
|
||
2017 Oct 15;96(8):500-506.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29094889" target="_blank">29094889</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/18174649">Kallmann's syndrome.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kulkarni ML,
|
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Balaji MD,
|
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Kulkarni AM,
|
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Sushanth S,
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Kulkarni BM</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Indian J Pediatr</span>
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2007 Dec;74(12):1113-5.
|
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doi: 10.1007/s12098-007-0209-5.
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/18174649" target="_blank">18174649</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Anosmia%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (557)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34853850">COVID-19 Legacy.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ladani AP,
|
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Loganathan M,
|
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Kolikonda MK,
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Lippmann S</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">South Med J</span>
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2021 Dec;114(12):751-759.
|
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doi: 10.14423/SMJ.0000000000001337.
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34853850" target="_blank">34853850</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8607916" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
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|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33247646">Anosmia, Ageusia and COVID-19.</a></div>
|
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ray PS</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Assoc Physicians India</span>
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2020 Dec;68(12):66-69.
|
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33247646" target="_blank">33247646</a></div>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32792262">The clinical course of COVID in pregnancy.</a></div>
|
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Syeda S,
|
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Baptiste C,
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Breslin N,
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Gyamfi-Bannerman C,
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Miller R</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Semin Perinatol</span>
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2020 Nov;44(7):151284.
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Epub 2020 Jul 21
|
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doi: 10.1016/j.semperi.2020.151284.
|
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32792262" target="_blank">32792262</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7373055" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/18174649">Kallmann's syndrome.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kulkarni ML,
|
||
Balaji MD,
|
||
Kulkarni AM,
|
||
Sushanth S,
|
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Kulkarni BM</span><br />
|
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Indian J Pediatr</span>
|
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2007 Dec;74(12):1113-5.
|
||
doi: 10.1007/s12098-007-0209-5.
|
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/18174649" target="_blank">18174649</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/3566932">Steroid-dependent anosmia.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Jafek BW,
|
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Moran DT,
|
||
Eller PM,
|
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Rowley JC 3rd,
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Jafek TB</span><br />
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1987 May;113(5):547-9.
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doi: 10.1001/archotol.1987.01860050093023.
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/3566932" target="_blank">3566932</a></div>
|
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<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Anosmia%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (771)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36507615">Use of platelet-rich plasma for COVID-19-related olfactory loss: a randomized controlled trial.</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Yan CH,
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Jang SS,
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Lin HC,
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Ma Y,
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Khanwalkar AR,
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Thai A,
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Patel ZM</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int Forum Allergy Rhinol</span>
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2023 Jun;13(6):989-997.
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Epub 2022 Dec 21
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doi: 10.1002/alr.23116.
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36507615" target="_blank">36507615</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9877663" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
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|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34647543">Olfaction in COPD.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Thorstensen WM,
|
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Oie MR,
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Dahlslett SB,
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Sue-Chu M,
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Steinsvag SK,
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Helvik AS</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Rhinology</span>
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2022 Feb 1;60(1):47-55.
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doi: 10.4193/Rhin21.037.
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34647543" target="_blank">34647543</a></div>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34628065">Olfactory Outcomes With Dupilumab in Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps.</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mullol J,
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Bachert C,
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Amin N,
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Desrosiers M,
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Hellings PW,
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Han JK,
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Jankowski R,
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Vodicka J,
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Gevaert P,
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Khan AH,
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Kamat S,
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2022 Apr;10(4):1086-1095.e5.
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34628065" target="_blank">34628065</a></div>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26555692">Undiagnosed neurological disease as a potential cause of male lower urinary tract symptoms.</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wei DY,
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Opin Urol</span>
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2016 Jan;26(1):11-6.
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26555692" target="_blank">26555692</a></div>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/7059319">Posttraumatic anosmia.</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Zusho H</span><br />
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1982 Feb;108(2):90-2.
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/7059319" target="_blank">7059319</a></div>
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<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Anosmia%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1215)</a></div></div>
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|
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|
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_104">
|
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_systematic_reviews">Recent systematic reviews</h1><a sid="104" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
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<div class="portlet_content ln">
|
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36341550">Vitamin D and smell impairment: a systematic literature review.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ang WW,
|
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Goh ET,
|
||
Lai K,
|
||
McKay-Davies I</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Laryngol Otol</span>
|
||
2023 Sep;137(9):971-976.
|
||
Epub 2022 Nov 7
|
||
doi: 10.1017/S0022215122002389.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36341550" target="_blank">36341550</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35739136">Long-COVID in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analyses.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lopez-Leon S,
|
||
Wegman-Ostrosky T,
|
||
Ayuzo Del Valle NC,
|
||
Perelman C,
|
||
Sepulveda R,
|
||
Rebolledo PA,
|
||
Cuapio A,
|
||
Villapol S</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Sci Rep</span>
|
||
2022 Jun 23;12(1):9950.
|
||
doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-13495-5.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35739136" target="_blank">35739136</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9226045" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34463956">Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL)-A systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Malik P,
|
||
Patel K,
|
||
Pinto C,
|
||
Jaiswal R,
|
||
Tirupathi R,
|
||
Pillai S,
|
||
Patel U</span><br />
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||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Med Virol</span>
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||
2022 Jan;94(1):253-262.
|
||
Epub 2021 Sep 7
|
||
doi: 10.1002/jmv.27309.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34463956" target="_blank">34463956</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8662132" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34674234">Olfactory sensory and perceptual evaluation in newborn infants: A systematic review.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Tristão RM,
|
||
Lauand L,
|
||
Costa KSF,
|
||
Brant LA,
|
||
Fernandes GM,
|
||
Costa KN,
|
||
Spilski J,
|
||
Lachmann T</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Dev Psychobiol</span>
|
||
2021 Nov;63(7):e22201.
|
||
doi: 10.1002/dev.22201.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34674234" target="_blank">34674234</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33040872">Neurotoxicity and Chemoreception: A Systematic Review of Neurotoxicity Effects on Smell and Taste.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Aulisio MC,
|
||
Glueck AC,
|
||
Dobbs MR,
|
||
Pasagic S,
|
||
Han DY</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurol Clin</span>
|
||
2020 Nov;38(4):965-981.
|
||
Epub 2020 Sep 12
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2020.08.002.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33040872" target="_blank">33040872</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Anosmia%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (110)</a></div></div>
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<h2 class="offscreen_noflow">Supplemental Content</h2>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0003126%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (2)</a></li>
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<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0003126%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (2)</a></li>
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<li class="portletSeeAll portletSeeAllPad"><total><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0003126%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">See all (2)</a></total></li>
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