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<meta name="keywords" content="C0032617, increased urine output, passes too much urine, polyuria, polyurias, polyuric state, sign or symptom, urine output high, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="An increased rate of urine production." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<!--
UID=19404
ConceptID=C0032617
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Polyuria</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>19404</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0032617</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonym:</td>
<td>Polyurias</td></tr>
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
<td>Increased urine output (718402002); Urine output high (718402002); Polyuria (28442001); Passes too much urine (28442001); Polyuric state (56574000)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000103">HP:0000103</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">An increased rate of urine production. [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline">Polyuria</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/52948" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the genitourinary system">Abnormality of the genitourinary system</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867444" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the urinary system">Abnormality of the urinary system</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869020" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the urinary system physiology">Abnormality of the urinary system physiology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/508816" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal renal physiology">Abnormal renal physiology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869159" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of renal excretion">Abnormality of renal excretion</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/786049" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal urine output">Abnormal urine output</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Polyuria</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_41522"><div><strong>Diabetes mellitus type 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>41522</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0011854</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D), also designated insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), is a disorder of glucose homeostasis characterized by susceptibility to ketoacidosis in the absence of insulin therapy. It is a genetically heterogeneous autoimmune disease affecting about 0.3% of Caucasian populations (Todd, 1990). Genetic studies of T1D have focused on the identification of loci associated with increased susceptibility to this multifactorial phenotype.&#13; The classic phenotype of diabetes mellitus is polydipsia, polyphagia, and polyuria which result from hyperglycemia-induced osmotic diuresis and secondary thirst. These derangements result in long-term complications that affect the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and blood vessels.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/41522">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_120640"><div><strong>Primary hypomagnesemia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>120640</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0268448</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Familial hypomagnesemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis is a progressive renal disorder characterized by excessive urinary Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) excretion. There is progressive loss of kidney function, and in about 50% of cases, the need for renal replacement therapy arises as early as the second decade of life (summary by Muller et al., 2006). Amelogenesis imperfecta may also be present in some patients (Bardet et al., 2016).&#13; A similar disorder with renal magnesium wasting, renal failure, and nephrocalcinosis (HOMG5; 248190) is caused by mutations in another tight-junction gene, CLDN19 (610036), and is distinguished by the association of severe ocular involvement.&#13; For a discussion of phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity of familial hypomagnesemia, see HOMG1 (602014).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/120640">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_75681"><div><strong>Familial hypokalemia-hypomagnesemia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>75681</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0268450</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Gitelman syndrome (GTLMNS) is an autosomal recessive renal tubular salt-wasting disorder characterized by hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis with hypomagnesemia and hypocalciuria. It is the most common renal tubular disorder among Caucasians (prevalence of 1 in 40,000). Most patients have onset of symptoms as adults, but some present in childhood. Clinical features include transient periods of muscle weakness and tetany, abdominal pains, and chondrocalcinosis (summary by Glaudemans et al., 2012). Gitelman syndrome is sometimes referred to as a mild variant of classic Bartter syndrome (607364).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Bartter syndrome, see 607364.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/75681">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_288785"><div><strong>Diabetes insipidus, nephrogenic, X-linked</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>288785</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1563705</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hereditary nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is characterized by inability to concentrate the urine, which results in polyuria (excessive urine production) and polydipsia (excessive thirst). Affected untreated infants usually have poor feeding and failure to thrive, and rapid onset of severe dehydration with illness, hot environment, or the withholding of water. Short stature and secondary dilatation of the ureters and bladder from the high urine volume is common in untreated individuals.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/288785">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_289643"><div><strong>Diabetes insipidus, nephrogenic, autosomal</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>289643</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1563706</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hereditary nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is characterized by inability to concentrate the urine, which results in polyuria (excessive urine production) and polydipsia (excessive thirst). Affected untreated infants usually have poor feeding and failure to thrive, and rapid onset of severe dehydration with illness, hot environment, or the withholding of water. Short stature and secondary dilatation of the ureters and bladder from the high urine volume is common in untreated individuals.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/289643">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_331326"><div><strong>Neonatal severe primary hyperparathyroidism</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>331326</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1832615</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism usually manifests in the first 6 months of life with severe hypercalcemia, bone demineralization, and failure to thrive. Early diagnosis is critical because untreated NSHPT can be a devastating neurodevelopmental disorder, which in some cases is lethal without parathyroidectomy. Some infants have milder hyperparathyroidism and a substantially milder clinical presentation and natural history (summary by Egbuna and Brown, 2008).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/331326">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_335399"><div><strong>Bartter disease type 3</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>335399</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1846343</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Bartter syndrome refers to a group of disorders that are unified by autosomal recessive transmission of impaired salt reabsorption in the thick ascending loop of Henle with pronounced salt wasting, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, and hypercalciuria. Clinical disease results from defective renal reabsorption of sodium chloride in the thick ascending limb (TAL) of the Henle loop, where 30% of filtered salt is normally reabsorbed (Simon et al., 1997).&#13; Patients with antenatal (or neonatal) forms of Bartter syndrome (e.g., BARTS1, 601678) typically present with premature birth associated with polyhydramnios and low birth weight and may develop life-threatening dehydration in the neonatal period. Patients with classic Bartter syndrome present later in life and may be sporadically asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic (summary by Simon et al., 1996 and Fremont and Chan, 2012).&#13; Genetic Heterogeneity of Bartter Syndrome&#13; Antenatal Bartter syndrome type 1 (601678) is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the butmetanide-sensitive Na-K-2Cl cotransporter NKCC2 (SLC12A1; 600839). Antenatal Bartter syndrome type 2 (241200) is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the ATP-sensitive potassium channel ROMK (KCNJ1; 600359). One form of neonatal Bartter syndrome with sensorineural deafness, Bartter syndrome type 4A (602522), is caused by mutation in the BSND gene (606412). Another form of neonatal Bartter syndrome with sensorineural deafness, Bartter syndrome type 4B (613090), is caused by simultaneous mutation in both the CLCNKA (602024) and CLCNKB (602023) genes.&#13; Also see autosomal dominant hypocalcemia-1 with Bartter syndrome (601198), which is sometimes referred to as Bartter syndrome type 5 (Fremont and Chan, 2012), caused by mutation in the CASR gene (601199).&#13; See Gitelman syndrome (GTLMN; 263800), which is often referred to as a mild variant of Bartter syndrome, caused by mutation in the thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride cotransporter SLC12A3 (600968).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/335399">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_337697"><div><strong>Senior-Loken syndrome 4</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>337697</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1846979</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Senior-Loken syndrome-4 (SLSN4) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the association of the cystic renal disorder nephronophthisis with early-onset retinitis pigmentosa (Polak et al., 1983; Schuermann et al., 2002; Otto et al., 2002).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Senior-Loken syndrome, see 266900.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/337697">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_335569"><div><strong>Senior-loken syndrome 3</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>335569</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1846980</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Nephronophthisis causes fluid-filled cysts to develop in the kidneys beginning in childhood. These cysts impair kidney function, initially causing increased urine production (polyuria), excessive thirst (polydipsia), general weakness, and extreme tiredness (fatigue). Nephronophthisis leads to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) later in childhood or in adolescence. ESRD is a life-threatening failure of kidney function that occurs when the kidneys are no longer able to filter fluids and waste products from the body effectively.\n\nSenior-Løken syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by the combination of two specific features: a kidney condition called nephronophthisis and an eye condition known as Leber congenital amaurosis.\n\nLeber congenital amaurosis primarily affects the retina, which is the specialized tissue at the back of the eye that detects light and color. This condition causes vision problems, including an increased sensitivity to light (photophobia), involuntary movements of the eyes (nystagmus), and extreme farsightedness (hyperopia). Some people with Senior-Løken syndrome develop the signs of Leber congenital amaurosis within the first few years of life, while others do not develop vision problems until later in childhood.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/335569">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_339667"><div><strong>Nephronophthisis 4</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>339667</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1847013</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Nephronophthisis-4 (NPHP4) is characterized by juvenile-onset renal failure, with end-stage renal disease sometimes occurring as early as the first decade of life. Oculomotor apraxia has also been observed in some affected individuals (Mollet et al., 2002; Otto et al., 2002).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of nephronophthisis, see NPHP1 (256100).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/339667">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_336449"><div><strong>Teratoma, pineal</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>336449</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1848902</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Neoplastic Process</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/336449">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_340930"><div><strong>Joubert syndrome with oculorenal defect</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>340930</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1855675</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Classic Joubert syndrome (JS) is characterized by three primary findings: A distinctive cerebellar and brain stem malformation called the molar tooth sign (MTS). Hypotonia. Developmental delays. Often these findings are accompanied by episodic tachypnea or apnea and/or atypical eye movements. In general, the breathing abnormalities improve with age, truncal ataxia develops over time, and acquisition of gross motor milestones is delayed. Cognitive abilities are variable, ranging from severe intellectual disability to normal. Additional findings can include retinal dystrophy, renal disease, ocular colobomas, occipital encephalocele, hepatic fibrosis, polydactyly, oral hamartomas, and endocrine abnormalities. Both intra- and interfamilial variation are seen.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/340930">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_343406"><div><strong>Nephronophthisis 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>343406</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1855681</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Nephronophthisis (NPHP) is an autosomal recessive cystic kidney disease that leads to renal failure in childhood or adolescence. It is the most frequent genetic cause of renal failure in children. NPHP may be combined with extrarenal manifestations, such as liver fibrosis, situs inversus, or cardiac malformations. When nephronophthisis is combined with retinitis pigmentosa, the disorder is known as Senior-Loken syndrome (SLSN1; 266900); when it is combined with cerebellar vermis hypoplasia, the disorder is known as Joubert syndrome (JBTS1; 213300); and when it is combined with multiple developmental and neurologic abnormalities, the disorder is often known as Meckel-Gruber syndrome (MKS1; 249000). Because most NPHP gene products localize to the cilium or its associated structures, nephronophthisis and the related syndromes have been termed 'ciliopathies' (summary by Hoff et al., 2013).&#13; Clinical features of familial juvenile nephronophthisis include anemia, polyuria, polydipsia, isosthenuria, and death in uremia. Simms et al. (2009) provided a detailed review of nephronophthisis, including a discussion of clinical features and molecular genetics. Stokman et al. (2021) provided a review of NPHP, including clinical features, pathophysiology, and therapeutic approaches.&#13; Genetic Heterogeneity of Nephronophthisis&#13; NPHP2 (602088) is caused by mutation in the INVS gene (243305) on chromosome 9q31; NPHP3 (604387) is caused by mutation in the NPHP3 gene (608002) on chromosome 3q22; NPHP4 (606966) is caused by mutation in the NPHP4 gene (607215) on chromosome 1p36; NPHP7 (611498) is caused by mutation in the GLIS2 gene (608539) on chromosome 16p13; NPHP9 (613824) is caused by mutation in the NEK8 gene (609799) on chromosome 17q11; NPHP11 (613550) is caused by mutation in the TMEM67 gene (609884) on chromosome 8q22; NPHP12 (613820) is caused by mutation in the TTC21B gene (612014) on chromosome 2q24; NPHP13 (614377) is caused by mutation in the WDR19 gene (608151) on chromosome 4p14; NPHP14 (614844) is caused by mutation in the ZNF423 gene (604557) on chromosome 16; NPHP15 (614845) is caused by mutation in the CEP164 gene (614848) on chromosome 11q; NPHP16 (615382) is caused by mutation in the ANKS6 gene (615370) on chromosome 9q22; NPHP18 (615862) is caused by mutation in the CEP83 gene (615847) on chromosome 12q22; NPHP19 (616217) is caused by mutation in the DCDC2 gene (605755) on chromosome 6p22; and NPHP20 (617271) is caused by mutation in the MAPKBP1 gene (616786) on chromosome 15q13.&#13; Two disorders have been phenotypically described as 'NPHP-like' due to variable unique features: NPHPL1 (613159), caused by mutation in the XPNPEP3 gene (613553) on chromosome 22q13, and NPHPL2 (619468), caused by mutation in the SLC41A1 gene (610801) on chromosome 1q32.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/343406">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_343428"><div><strong>Bartter disease type 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>343428</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1855849</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Bartter syndrome refers to a group of disorders that are unified by autosomal recessive transmission of impaired salt reabsorption in the thick ascending loop of Henle with pronounced salt wasting, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, and hypercalciuria. Clinical disease results from defective renal reabsorption of sodium chloride in the thick ascending limb (TAL) of the Henle loop, where 30% of filtered salt is normally reabsorbed (Simon et al., 1997).&#13; Patients with antenatal forms of Bartter syndrome typically present with premature birth associated with polyhydramnios and low birth weight and may develop life-threatening dehydration in the neonatal period. Patients with classic Bartter syndrome (see BARTS3, 607364) present later in life and may be sporadically asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic (summary by Simon et al., 1996 and Fremont and Chan, 2012).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Bartter syndrome, see 607364.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/343428">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_346809"><div><strong>Nephronophthisis 3</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>346809</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1858392</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Nephronophthisis can occur as part of separate syndromes that affect other areas of the body; these are often referred to as nephronophthisis-associated ciliopathies. For example, Senior-Løken syndrome is characterized by the combination of nephronophthisis and a breakdown of the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye (retinal degeneration); Joubert syndrome affects many parts of the body, causing neurological problems and other features, which can include nephronophthisis.\n\nAbout 85 percent of all cases of nephronophthisis are isolated, which means they occur without other signs and symptoms. Some people with nephronophthisis have additional features, which can include liver fibrosis, heart abnormalities, or mirror image reversal of the position of one or more organs inside the body (situs inversus).\n\nNephronophthisis eventually leads to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), a life-threatening failure of kidney function that occurs when the kidneys are no longer able to filter fluids and waste products from the body effectively. Nephronophthisis can be classified by the approximate age at which ESRD begins: around age 1 (infantile), around age 13 (juvenile), and around age 19 (adolescent).\n\nNephronophthisis is a disorder that affects the kidneys. It is characterized by inflammation and scarring (fibrosis) that impairs kidney function. These abnormalities lead to increased urine production (polyuria), excessive thirst (polydipsia), general weakness, and extreme tiredness (fatigue). In addition, affected individuals develop fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys, usually in an area known as the corticomedullary region. Another feature of nephronophthisis is a shortage of red blood cells, a condition known as anemia.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/346809">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_355430"><div><strong>Bartter disease type 4A</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>355430</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1865270</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Bartter syndrome refers to a group of disorders that are unified by autosomal recessive transmission of impaired salt reabsorption in the thick ascending loop of Henle with pronounced salt wasting, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, and hypercalciuria. Clinical disease results from defective renal reabsorption of sodium chloride in the thick ascending limb (TAL) of the Henle loop, where 30% of filtered salt is normally reabsorbed (Simon et al., 1997).&#13; Patients with antenatal (or neonatal) forms of Bartter syndrome typically present with premature birth associated with polyhydramnios and low birth weight and may develop life-threatening dehydration in the neonatal period. Patients with classic Bartter syndrome (see BARTS3, 607364) present later in life and may be sporadically asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic (summary by Simon et al., 1996 and Fremont and Chan, 2012).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Bartter syndrome, see 607364.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/355430">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_355727"><div><strong>Bartter disease type 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>355727</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1866495</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Bartter syndrome refers to a group of disorders that are unified by autosomal recessive transmission of impaired salt reabsorption in the thick ascending loop of Henle with pronounced salt wasting, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, and hypercalciuria. Clinical disease results from defective renal reabsorption of sodium chloride in the thick ascending limb (TAL) of the Henle loop, where 30% of filtered salt is normally reabsorbed (Simon et al., 1997).&#13; Patients with antenatal forms of Bartter syndrome typically present with premature birth associated with polyhydramnios and low birth weight and may develop life-threatening dehydration in the neonatal period. Patients with classic Bartter syndrome (see BARTS3, 607364) present later in life and may be sporadically asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic (summary by Simon et al., 1996 and Fremont and Chan, 2012).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Bartter syndrome, see 607364.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/355727">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_383033"><div><strong>Maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 9</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>383033</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2677132</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a group of several conditions characterized by abnormally high levels of blood glucose, also called blood sugar. These forms of diabetes typically begin before age 30, although they can occur later in life. In MODY, elevated blood glucose arises from reduced production of insulin, which is a hormone produced in the pancreas that helps regulate blood glucose levels. Specifically, insulin controls how much glucose (a type of sugar) is passed from the blood into cells, where it is used as an energy source.\n\nThe different types of MODY are distinguished by their genetic causes. The most common types are HNF1A-MODY (also known as MODY3), accounting for 50 to 70 percent of cases, and GCK-MODY (MODY2), accounting for 30 to 50 percent of cases. Less frequent types include HNF4A-MODY (MODY1) and renal cysts and diabetes (RCAD) syndrome (also known as HNF1B-MODY or MODY5), which each account for 5 to 10 percent of cases. At least ten other types have been identified, and these are very rare.\n\nHNF1A-MODY and HNF4A-MODY have similar signs and symptoms that develop slowly over time. Early signs and symptoms in these types are caused by high blood glucose and may include frequent urination (polyuria), excessive thirst (polydipsia), fatigue, blurred vision, weight loss, and recurrent skin infections. Over time uncontrolled high blood glucose can damage small blood vessels in the eyes and kidneys. Damage to the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye (the retina) causes a condition known as diabetic retinopathy that can lead to vision loss and eventual blindness. Kidney damage (diabetic nephropathy) can lead to kidney failure and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). While these two types of MODY are very similar, certain features are particular to each type. For example, babies with HNF4A-MODY tend to weigh more than average or have abnormally low blood glucose at birth, even though other signs of the condition do not occur until childhood or young adulthood. People with HNF1A-MODY have a higher-than-average risk of developing noncancerous (benign) liver tumors known as hepatocellular adenomas.\n\nRCAD is associated with a combination of diabetes and kidney or urinary tract abnormalities (unrelated to the elevated blood glucose), most commonly fluid-filled sacs (cysts) in the kidneys. However, the signs and symptoms are variable, even within families, and not everyone with RCAD has both features. Affected individuals may have other features unrelated to diabetes, such as abnormalities of the pancreas or liver or a form of arthritis called gout.\n\nGCK-MODY is a very mild type of the condition. People with this type have slightly elevated blood glucose levels, particularly in the morning before eating (fasting blood glucose). However, affected individuals often have no symptoms related to the disorder, and diabetes-related complications are extremely rare.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/383033">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_411243"><div><strong>EAST syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>411243</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2748572</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Syndrome with characteristics of seizures, sensorineural deafness, ataxia, intellectual deficit, and electrolyte imbalance. It has been described in five patients from four families. The disease is caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in the KCNJ10 gene, encoding a potassium channel expressed in the brain, spinal cord, inner ear and kidneys. Transmission is autosomal recessive.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/411243">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_419735"><div><strong>Nephropathic cystinosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>419735</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2931187</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Cystinosis comprises three allelic phenotypes: Nephropathic cystinosis in untreated children is characterized by renal Fanconi syndrome, poor growth, hypophosphatemic/calcipenic rickets, impaired glomerular function resulting in complete glomerular failure, and accumulation of cystine in almost all cells, leading to cellular dysfunction with tissue and organ impairment. The typical untreated child has short stature, rickets, and photophobia. Failure to thrive is generally noticed after approximately age six months; signs of renal tubular Fanconi syndrome (polyuria, polydipsia, dehydration, and acidosis) appear as early as age six months; corneal crystals can be present before age one year and are always present after age 16 months. Prior to the use of renal transplantation and cystine-depleting therapy, the life span in nephropathic cystinosis was no longer than ten years. With these interventions, affected individuals can survive at least into the mid-forties or fifties with satisfactory quality of life. Intermediate cystinosis is characterized by all the typical manifestations of nephropathic cystinosis, but onset is at a later age. Renal glomerular failure occurs in all untreated affected individuals, usually between ages 15 and 25 years. The non-nephropathic (ocular) form of cystinosis is characterized clinically only by photophobia resulting from corneal cystine crystal accumulation.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/419735">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_419162"><div><strong>Amelogenesis imperfecta type 1G</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>419162</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2931783</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Amelogenesis imperfecta and gingival fibromatosis syndrome is an autosomal recessive condition characterized by mild gingival fibromatosis and dental anomalies, including hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta, intrapulpal calcifications, delay of tooth eruption, hypodontia/oligodontia, pericoronal radiolucencies, and unerupted teeth (Martelli-Junior et al., 2008).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/419162">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_422453"><div><strong>Bardet-Biedl syndrome 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>422453</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2936863</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">BBS2 is an autosomal recessive ciliopathy characterized by retinal degeneration, polydactyly, renal disease, hypogonadism, obesity, dysmorphic features, and variable degrees of cognitive impairment (Innes et al., 2010). Mutation in the BBS2 gene is the third most frequent cause of BBS, accounting for approximately 8% of cases (Zaghloul and Katsanis, 2009).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Bardet-Biedl syndrome, see BBS1 (209900).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/422453">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_462146"><div><strong>Nephronophthisis 11</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>462146</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3150796</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Nephronophthisis-11 (NPHP11) is an autosomal recessive kidney disease characterized histologically by renal interstitial infiltration with fibrosis, tubular atrophy with basement membrane disruption, and cyst development at the corticomedullary border. Hepatic fibrosis is also present. The clinical presentation includes polyuria, polydipsia, anemia, and growth retardation. End-stage renal disease develops in the first or second decade of life (Otto et al., 2009).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of NPHP, see NPHP1 (256100).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/462146">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_462538"><div><strong>Nephronophthisis 9</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>462538</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3151188</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Nephronophthisis (NPHP) is an autosomal recessive kidney disease that leads to kidney cyst formation and progressive renal failure. NPHP is the most frequent genetic cause of end-stage renal failure in the first 3 decades of life (summary by Otto et al., 2008).&#13; For a general description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of NPHP, see NPHP1 (256100).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/462538">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_462559"><div><strong>Hyperuricemia, pulmonary hypertension, renal failure, alkalosis syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>462559</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3151209</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">HUPRA syndrome is a severe autosomal recessive multisystem disorder characterized by onset in infancy of progressive renal failure leading to electrolyte imbalances, metabolic alkalosis, pulmonary hypertension, hypotonia, and delayed development. Affected individuals are born prematurely (summary by Belostotsky et al., 2011).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/462559">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_463309"><div><strong>Proximal tubulopathy-diabetes mellitus-cerebellar ataxia syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>463309</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3151959</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Proximal tubulopathy-diabetes mellitus-cerebellar ataxia syndrome is characterized by onset of proximal tubulopathy in the first year of life, followed by progressive development during childhood of skin anomalies (erythrocyanosis and abnormal pigmentation), blindness, osteoporosis, cerebellar ataxia, mitochondrial myopathy, deafness and diabetes mellitus.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/463309">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_757652"><div><strong>Familial renal glucosuria</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>757652</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3245525</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Patients with familial renal glucosuria have decreased renal tubular resorption of glucose form the urine in the absence of hyperglycemia and any other signs of tubular dysfunction. Glucosuria in these patients can range from less than 1 to over 150 g/1.73 m(2) per day (Santer and Calado, 2010).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/757652">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_811538"><div><strong>Bardet-Biedl syndrome 17</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>811538</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3714980</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Bardet-Biedl syndrome-17 (BBS17) is an autosomal recessive ciliopathy characterized by retinitis pigmentosa, cognitive impairment, obesity, renal dysfunction, and hypogenitalism. Polydactyly, most often postaxial, is also a primary feature of BBS; in BBS17, mesoaxial polydactyly, with fused or Y-shaped metacarpals, is a distinct manifestation (Deffert et al., 2007; Schaefer et al., 2014).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Bardet-Biedl syndrome, see BBS1 (209900).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/811538">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_813897"><div><strong>Partial lipodystrophy, congenital cataracts, and neurodegeneration syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>813897</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3807567</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Lipodystrophies are rare disorders characterized by loss of body fat from various regions and predisposition to metabolic complications of insulin resistance and lipid abnormalities. FPLD7 is an autosomal dominant disorder with a highly variable phenotype. Additional features, including early-onset cataracts and later onset of spasticity of the lower limbs, have been noted in some patients (summary by Garg et al., 2015).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD), see 151660.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/813897">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_824604"><div><strong>Familial hyperaldosteronism type III</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>824604</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3838758</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hyperaldosteronism type III (HALD3) is characterized by hypertension secondary to massive adrenal mineralocorticoid production. Like patients with glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteronism (GRA, or HALD1; 103900), patients with HALD3 present with childhood hypertension, elevated aldosteronism levels, and high levels of the hybrid steroids 18-oxocortisol and 18-hydroxycortisol. However, hypertension and aldosteronism in HALD3 are not reversed by administration of exogenous glucocorticoids and patients require adrenalectomy to control hypertension (Geller et al., 2008).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/824604">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_934200"><div><strong>Hypercalcemia, infantile, 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>934200</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4310232</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Infantile hypercalcemia is characterized by severe hypercalcemia, failure to thrive, vomiting, dehydration, and nephrocalcinosis. An epidemic of idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia occurred in the United Kingdom in the 1950s after the implementation of an increased prophylactic dose of vitamin D supplementation; however, the fact that most infants receiving the prophylaxis remained unaffected suggested that an intrinsic hypersensitivity to vitamin D might be implicated in the pathogenesis (summary by Schlingmann et al., 2011).&#13; Genetic Heterogeneity&#13; Infantile hypercalcemia-2 (HCINF2; 616963) is caused by mutation in the SLC34A1 gene (182309) on chromosome 5q35.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/934200">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_934441"><div><strong>Hypercalcemia, infantile, 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>934441</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4310473</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Infantile hypercalcemia is characterized by severe hypercalcemia with failure to thrive, vomiting, dehydration, and nephrocalcinosis (summary by Schlingmann et al., 2016).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of infantile hypercalcemia, see HCINF1 (143880).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/934441">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_934663"><div><strong>ZTTK syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>934663</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4310696</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">ZTTK syndrome (ZTTKS) is a severe multisystem developmental disorder characterized by delayed psychomotor development and intellectual disability. Affected individuals have characteristic dysmorphic facial features, hypotonia, poor feeding, poor overall growth, and eye or visual abnormalities. Most patients also have musculoskeletal abnormalities, and some have congenital defects of the heart and urogenital system. Brain imaging usually shows developmental abnormalities such as gyral changes, cortical and/or cerebellar atrophy, and thin corpus callosum (summary by Kim et al., 2016).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/934663">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_934772"><div><strong>Bartter disease type 4B</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>934772</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4310805</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Bartter syndrome refers to a group of disorders that are unified by autosomal recessive transmission of impaired salt reabsorption in the thick ascending loop of Henle with pronounced salt wasting, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, and hypercalciuria. Clinical disease results from defective renal reabsorption of sodium chloride in the thick ascending limb (TAL) of the Henle loop, where 30% of filtered salt is normally reabsorbed (Simon et al., 1997).&#13; Patients with antenatal (or neonatal) forms of Bartter syndrome (e.g., BARTS1, 601678) typically present with premature birth associated with polyhydramnios and low birth weight and may develop life-threatening dehydration in the neonatal period. Patients with classic Bartter syndrome present later in life and may be sporadically asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic (summary by Simon et al., 1996 and Fremont and Chan, 2012).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Bartter syndrome, see 607364.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/934772">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_934787"><div><strong>Bartter disease type 5</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>934787</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4310820</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Antenatal Bartter syndrome is a potentially life-threatening disease characterized by fetal polyuria, polyhydramnios, prematurity, and postnatal polyuria with persistent renal salt wasting. In transient antenatal Bartter syndrome-5, the onset of polyhydramnios and labor occur several weeks earlier than in other forms of Bartter syndrome. Polyuria lasts from a few days to 6 weeks, ending around 30 to 33 weeks of gestational age. Other features in the neonatal period include hypercalciuria, causing nephrocalcinosis in some cases, as well as hyponatremia, hypokalemia, and elevated renin and aldosterone; these subsequently resolve or normalize, although nephrocalcinosis may persist (Laghmani et al., 2016).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/934787">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1621482"><div><strong>HELIX syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1621482</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4522164</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">HELIX syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by Hypohidrosis, Electrolyte imbalance, Lacrimal gland dysfunction, Ichthyosis, and Xerostomia (summary by Hadj-Rabia et al., 2018).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1621482">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1645893"><div><strong>Familial juvenile hyperuricemic nephropathy type 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1645893</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4551496</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease UMOD (ADTKD-UMOD) is characterized by normal urinalysis and slowly progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD), usually first noted in the teen years and progressing to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) between the third and seventh decades. Hyperuricemia is often present from an early age, and gout (resulting from reduced kidney excretion of uric acid) occurs in the teenage years in about 8% of affected individuals and develops in 55% of affected individuals over time.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1645893">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1639722"><div><strong>Senior-Loken syndrome 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1639722</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4551559</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Leber congenital amaurosis primarily affects the retina, which is the specialized tissue at the back of the eye that detects light and color. This condition causes vision problems, including an increased sensitivity to light (photophobia), involuntary movements of the eyes (nystagmus), and extreme farsightedness (hyperopia). Some people with Senior-Løken syndrome develop the signs of Leber congenital amaurosis within the first few years of life, while others do not develop vision problems until later in childhood.\n\nNephronophthisis causes fluid-filled cysts to develop in the kidneys beginning in childhood. These cysts impair kidney function, initially causing increased urine production (polyuria), excessive thirst (polydipsia), general weakness, and extreme tiredness (fatigue). Nephronophthisis leads to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) later in childhood or in adolescence. ESRD is a life-threatening failure of kidney function that occurs when the kidneys are no longer able to filter fluids and waste products from the body effectively.\n\nSenior-Løken syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by the combination of two specific features: a kidney condition called nephronophthisis and an eye condition known as Leber congenital amaurosis.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1639722">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1638917"><div><strong>Tumoral calcinosis, hyperphosphatemic, familial, 3</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1638917</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4693864</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hyperphosphatemic familial tumoral calcinosis (HFTC) is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder characterized by the progressive deposition of basic calcium phosphate crystals in periarticular spaces, soft tissues, and sometimes bone (Chefetz et al., 2005). The biochemical hallmark of tumoral calcinosis is hyperphosphatemia caused by increased renal absorption of phosphate due to loss-of-function mutations in the FGF23 (605380) or GALNT3 (601756) gene. The term 'hyperostosis-hyperphosphatemia syndrome' (HHS) is sometimes used when the disorder is characterized by involvement of the long bones associated with the radiographic findings of periosteal reaction and cortical hyperostosis. Although some have distinguished HHS from FTC by the presence of bone involvement and the absence of skin involvement (Frishberg et al., 2005), Ichikawa et al. (2010) concluded that the 2 entities represent a continuous spectrum of the same disease, best described as familial hyperphosphatemic tumoral calcinosis.&#13; HFTC is considered to be the clinical converse of autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets (ADHR; 193100), an allelic disorder caused by gain-of-function mutations in the FGF23 gene and associated with hypophosphatemia and decreased renal phosphate absorption (Chefetz et al., 2005; Ichikawa et al., 2005).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of HFTC, see 211900.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1638917">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1648311"><div><strong>Diarrhea 10, protein-losing enteropathy type</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1648311</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4748579</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Diarrhea-10 (DIAR10) is a protein-losing enteropathy characterized by intractable secretory diarrhea and massive protein loss due to leaky fenestrated capillaries. Features include early-onset anasarca, severe hypoalbuminemia, hypogammaglobulinemia, and hypertriglyceridemia, as well as electrolyte abnormalities. Some patients exhibit facial dysmorphism and cardiac and renal anomalies. Intrafamilial variability has been observed, and the disease can be severe, with death occurring in infancy in some patients (Broekaert et al., 2018; Kurolap et al., 2018).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of diarrhea, see DIAR1 (214700).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1648311">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1675904"><div><strong>Hypomagnesemia, seizures, and intellectual disability 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1675904</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5193023</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hypomagnesemia, seizures, and impaired intellectual development-2 (HOMGSMR2) is characterized by generalized seizures in infancy, severe hypomagnesemia, and renal magnesium wasting. Seizures persist despite magnesium supplementation and are associated with significantly impaired intellectual development (Schlingmann et al., 2018).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of hypomagnesemia, seizures, and impaired intellectual development, see HOMGSMR1 (616418).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1675904">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1794163"><div><strong>Nephronophthisis-like nephropathy 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1794163</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5561953</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Nephronophthisis-like nephropathy-2 (NPHPL2) is an autosomal recessive cystic kidney disease characterized by onset of progressive renal insufficiency in the first decades of life. Renal imaging and biopsy show corticomedullary cysts, tubular ectasia, tubular basement membrane disruption, and tubulointerstitial infiltrations. Patients eventually progress to end-stage renal failure, necessitating kidney transplantation or dialysis (summary by Hurd et al., 2013).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of nephronophthisis, see NPHP1 (256100).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1794163">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1824039"><div><strong>Hypomagnesemia 7, renal, with or without dilated cardiomyopathy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1824039</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5774266</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Renal hypomagnesemia-7 with or without dilated cardiomyopathy (HOMG7) is characterized primarily by renal salt wasting resulting in hypomagnesemia with secondary effects such as hypokalemia or hypocalcemia. Many patients develop nephrocalcinosis, although renal function is generally well-preserved. The age at onset is highly variable, ranging from infancy to young adulthood. A subset of patients develop severe dilated cardiomyopathy as early as in infancy, which may require heart transplant (Schlingmann et al., 2021).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of hypomagnesemia, see 602014.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1824039">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1854762"><div><strong>Polycystic kidney disease 8</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1854762</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5935640</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Polycystic kidney disease-8 (PKD8) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by enlarged kidneys, arterial hypertension, and kidney failure (Claus et al., 2023).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1854762">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_419162" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Amelogenesis imperfecta type 1G</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_811538" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Bardet-Biedl syndrome 17</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_422453" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Bardet-Biedl syndrome 2</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_355727" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Bartter disease type 1</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_335399" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Bartter disease type 3</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_934772" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Bartter disease type 4B</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_289643" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Diabetes insipidus, nephrogenic, autosomal</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_288785" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Diabetes insipidus, nephrogenic, X-linked</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_41522" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Diabetes mellitus type 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1648311" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Diarrhea 10, protein-losing enteropathy type</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_411243" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">EAST syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_824604" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Familial hyperaldosteronism type III</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_75681" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Familial hypokalemia-hypomagnesemia</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1645893" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Familial juvenile hyperuricemic nephropathy type 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_757652" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Familial renal glucosuria</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1621482" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">HELIX syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_934200" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypercalcemia, infantile, 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_934441" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypercalcemia, infantile, 2</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_462559" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hyperuricemia, pulmonary hypertension, renal failure, alkalosis syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1824039" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypomagnesemia 7, renal, with or without dilated cardiomyopathy</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1675904" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypomagnesemia, seizures, and intellectual disability 2</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_340930" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Joubert syndrome with oculorenal defect</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_383033" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 9</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_331326" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neonatal severe primary hyperparathyroidism</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_343406" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Nephronophthisis 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_462146" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Nephronophthisis 11</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_346809" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Nephronophthisis 3</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_339667" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Nephronophthisis 4</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_462538" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Nephronophthisis 9</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1794163" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Nephronophthisis-like nephropathy 2</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_419735" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Nephropathic cystinosis</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_813897" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Partial lipodystrophy, congenital cataracts, and neurodegeneration syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1854762" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Polycystic kidney disease 8</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_120640" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Primary hypomagnesemia</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_463309" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Proximal tubulopathy-diabetes mellitus-cerebellar ataxia syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1639722" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Senior-Loken syndrome 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_335569" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Senior-loken syndrome 3</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_337697" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Senior-Loken syndrome 4</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_336449" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Teratoma, pineal</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1638917" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Tumoral calcinosis, hyperphosphatemic, familial, 3</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_934663" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">ZTTK syndrome</a></div></span></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35771962">Diagnosis and Management of Central Diabetes Insipidus in Adults.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Tomkins M,
Lawless S,
Martin-Grace J,
Sherlock M,
Thompson CJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Clin Endocrinol Metab</span>
2022 Sep 28;107(10):2701-2715.
doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgac381.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35771962" target="_blank">35771962</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9516129" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33713498">Diagnosis and management of diabetes insipidus for the internist: an update.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Christ-Crain M,
Winzeler B,
Refardt J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Intern Med</span>
2021 Jul;290(1):73-87.
Epub 2021 Mar 13
doi: 10.1111/joim.13261.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33713498" target="_blank">33713498</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32387127">Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of diabetes insipidus: Update.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Refardt J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab</span>
2020 Sep;34(5):101398.
Epub 2020 Feb 28
doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2020.101398.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32387127" target="_blank">32387127</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22polyuria%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (215)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38316255">Diabetes insipidus: Vasopressin deficiency….</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Chasseloup F,
Tabarin A,
Chanson P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Ann Endocrinol (Paris)</span>
2024 Jul;85(4):294-299.
Epub 2024 Feb 3
doi: 10.1016/j.ando.2023.11.006.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38316255" target="_blank">38316255</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32646670">Central diabetes insipidus in children: Diagnosis and management.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Patti G,
Ibba A,
Morana G,
Napoli F,
Fava D,
di Iorgi N,
Maghnie M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab</span>
2020 Sep;34(5):101440.
Epub 2020 Jun 29
doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2020.101440.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32646670" target="_blank">32646670</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32591997">Renal Tubular Acidosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bagga A,
Sinha A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Indian J Pediatr</span>
2020 Sep;87(9):733-744.
Epub 2020 Jun 26
doi: 10.1007/s12098-020-03318-8.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32591997" target="_blank">32591997</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30343734">Recurrent Polyuria.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Arora N,
Durvasula R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Kidney Dis</span>
2018 Nov;72(5):A17-A19.
doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2018.07.006.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30343734" target="_blank">30343734</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29563012">Diabetes in Childhood and Adolescence.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ziegler R,
Neu A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Dtsch Arztebl Int</span>
2018 Mar 2;115(9):146-156.
doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2018.0146.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29563012" target="_blank">29563012</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5876549" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Polyuria%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (991)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35771962">Diagnosis and Management of Central Diabetes Insipidus in Adults.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Tomkins M,
Lawless S,
Martin-Grace J,
Sherlock M,
Thompson CJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Clin Endocrinol Metab</span>
2022 Sep 28;107(10):2701-2715.
doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgac381.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35771962" target="_blank">35771962</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9516129" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35146976">Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus: a comprehensive overview.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Vaz de Castro PAS,
Bitencourt L,
de Oliveira Campos JL,
Fischer BL,
Soares de Brito SBC,
Soares BS,
Drummond JB,
Simões E Silva AC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab</span>
2022 Apr 26;35(4):421-434.
Epub 2022 Feb 11
doi: 10.1515/jpem-2021-0566.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35146976" target="_blank">35146976</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34718110">Diabetes insipidus.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Christ-Crain M,
Gaisl O</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Presse Med</span>
2021 Dec;50(4):104093.
Epub 2021 Oct 27
doi: 10.1016/j.lpm.2021.104093.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34718110" target="_blank">34718110</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32387127">Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of diabetes insipidus: Update.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Refardt J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab</span>
2020 Sep;34(5):101398.
Epub 2020 Feb 28
doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2020.101398.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32387127" target="_blank">32387127</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30454745">Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kavanagh C,
Uy NS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Clin North Am</span>
2019 Feb;66(1):227-234.
doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2018.09.006.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30454745" target="_blank">30454745</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Polyuria%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1691)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38087160">New insights on diagnosis and treatment of AVP deficiency.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Refardt J,
Atila C,
Christ-Crain M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Rev Endocr Metab Disord</span>
2024 Jun;25(3):639-649.
Epub 2023 Dec 13
doi: 10.1007/s11154-023-09862-w.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38087160" target="_blank">38087160</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC11162367" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34509418">Polyuria in adults. A diagnostic approach based on pathophysiology.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ramírez-Guerrero G,
Müller-Ortiz H,
Pedreros-Rosales C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Rev Clin Esp (Barc)</span>
2022 May;222(5):301-308.
Epub 2021 Sep 9
doi: 10.1016/j.rceng.2021.03.003.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34509418" target="_blank">34509418</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34010160">Dexmedetomidine-Associated Hypernatremia and Polyuria.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Singh H,
Jani C,
Chioma SU,
Walker A,
Abdalla M,
Espina TDP</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Ther</span>
2022 Sep-Oct 01;29(5):e596-e599.
Epub 2021 Apr 29
doi: 10.1097/MJT.0000000000001383.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34010160" target="_blank">34010160</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34718110">Diabetes insipidus.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Christ-Crain M,
Gaisl O</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Presse Med</span>
2021 Dec;50(4):104093.
Epub 2021 Oct 27
doi: 10.1016/j.lpm.2021.104093.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34718110" target="_blank">34718110</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30454745">Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kavanagh C,
Uy NS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Clin North Am</span>
2019 Feb;66(1):227-234.
doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2018.09.006.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30454745" target="_blank">30454745</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Polyuria%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1345)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31656992">Vasopressin and Copeptin in health and disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Christ-Crain M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Rev Endocr Metab Disord</span>
2019 Sep;20(3):283-294.
doi: 10.1007/s11154-019-09509-9.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31656992" target="_blank">31656992</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30343734">Recurrent Polyuria.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Arora N,
Durvasula R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Kidney Dis</span>
2018 Nov;72(5):A17-A19.
doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2018.07.006.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30343734" target="_blank">30343734</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24906263">Antenatal Bartter syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Afzal M,
Khan EA,
Khan WA,
Anwar V,
Yaqoob A,
Rafiq S,
Azam S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Coll Physicians Surg Pak</span>
2014 May;24 Suppl 2:S121-3.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24906263" target="_blank">24906263</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23837197">Diabetes insipidus.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Klibanski A,
Schlechte J,
Tritos N</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Clin Endocrinol Metab</span>
2013 Jul;98(7):35A-36A.
doi: 10.1210/jcem.98.7.zeg35a.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23837197" target="_blank">23837197</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/14228236">PHENACETIN NEPHROPATHY.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">RAMSAY AG,
WHITE DF</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Can Med Assoc J</span>
1965 Jan 9;92(2):55-9.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/14228236" target="_blank">14228236</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1927800" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Polyuria%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (584)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34522399">Management of Diabetes Insipidus following Surgery for Pituitary and Suprasellar Tumours.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Almalki MH,
Ahmad MM,
Brema I,
Almehthel M,
AlDahmani KM,
Mahzari M,
Beshyah SA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J</span>
2021 Aug;21(3):354-364.
Epub 2021 Aug 29
doi: 10.18295/squmj.4.2021.010.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34522399" target="_blank">34522399</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8407907" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31656992">Vasopressin and Copeptin in health and disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Christ-Crain M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Rev Endocr Metab Disord</span>
2019 Sep;20(3):283-294.
doi: 10.1007/s11154-019-09509-9.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31656992" target="_blank">31656992</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26913870">History of Diabetes Insipidus.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Valenti G,
Tamma G</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">G Ital Nefrol</span>
2016 Feb;33 Suppl 66:33.S66.1.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26913870" target="_blank">26913870</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17514192">Lithium-induced nephropathies.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Raedler TJ,
Wiedemann K</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Psychopharmacol Bull</span>
2007;40(2):134-49.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17514192" target="_blank">17514192</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/8575409">Diabetes insipidus.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Robertson GL</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am</span>
1995 Sep;24(3):549-72.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/8575409" target="_blank">8575409</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Polyuria%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (642)</a></div></div>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36929659">Efficacy and safety of bexagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Pasqualotto E,
Figueiredo Watanabe JM,
Gewehr DM,
da Silva Maintinguer R,
van de Sande-Lee S,
de Araujo GN,
Leal FS,
Pinheiro CEA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Diabetes Obes Metab</span>
2023 Jul;25(7):1794-1802.
Epub 2023 Apr 3
doi: 10.1111/dom.15051.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36929659" target="_blank">36929659</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36695986">Xanthogranuloma of the sellar region: a systematic review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Guerrero-Pérez F,
Marengo AP,
Vilarrasa N,
Vidal N,
Ruiz-Roig N,
Sánchez-Fernández JJ,
Torres-Díaz A,
Sanmillán JL,
Pérez-Maraver M,
Villabona C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Hormones (Athens)</span>
2023 Jun;22(2):199-210.
Epub 2023 Jan 25
doi: 10.1007/s42000-023-00432-y.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36695986" target="_blank">36695986</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34811523">A systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between fluoride exposure and neurological disorders.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Miranda GHN,
Alvarenga MOP,
Ferreira MKM,
Puty B,
Bittencourt LO,
Fagundes NCF,
Pessan JP,
Buzalaf MAR,
Lima RR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Sci Rep</span>
2021 Nov 22;11(1):22659.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-99688-w.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34811523" target="_blank">34811523</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8609002" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32192920">Nocturia and Nocturnal Polyuria in Neurological Patients: From Epidemiology to Treatment. A Systematic Review of the Literature.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Haddad R,
Denys P,
Arlandis S,
Giannantoni A,
Del Popolo G,
Panicker JN,
De Ridder D,
Pauwaert K,
Van Kerrebroeck PE,
Everaert K</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur Urol Focus</span>
2020 Sep 15;6(5):922-934.
Epub 2020 Mar 17
doi: 10.1016/j.euf.2020.02.007.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32192920" target="_blank">32192920</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23641864">Imidafenacin for the treatment of overactive bladder.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Leone Roberti Maggiore U,
Scala C,
Venturini PL,
Ferrero S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Expert Opin Pharmacother</span>
2013 Jul;14(10):1383-97.
Epub 2013 May 6
doi: 10.1517/14656566.2013.796930.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23641864" target="_blank">23641864</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Polyuria%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (40)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=Polyuria" target="_blank">ClinicalTrials.gov</a></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22polyuria%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">PubMed</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li><li><a target="_blank" href="/books/?term=((%22clinical%20guidelines%22%5BResource%20Type%5D)%20OR%20%22practice%20guideline%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)%20AND%20(%22Polyuria%22)">Bookshelf</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://vsearch.nlm.nih.gov/vivisimo/cgi-bin/query-meta?v:project=medlineplus&amp;query=Polyuria" target="_blank">MedlinePlus</a></li></ul></div>
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