nih-gov/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/1842714

2352 lines
No EOL
105 KiB
XML
Raw Permalink Blame History

This file contains invisible Unicode characters

This file contains invisible Unicode characters that are indistinguishable to humans but may be processed differently by a computer. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
<head xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<!-- meta -->
<meta name="keywords" content="C5679914, alexander disease type ii, axd (alexander disease) type ii, axd type ii, disease or syndrome, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="An astrogliopathy and a form of Alexander disease (AxD) characterized by ataxia, bulbar symptoms, spastic paraparesis, palatal myoclonus, and autonomic symptoms." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
<meta name="ncbi_app" content="entrez" /><meta name="ncbi_db" content="medgen" /><meta name="ncbi_report" content="fullreport" /><meta name="ncbi_format" content="html" /><meta name="ncbi_pagesize" content="20" /><meta name="ncbi_sortorder" content="default" /><meta name="ncbi_pageno" content="1" /><meta name="ncbi_resultcount" content="1" /><meta name="ncbi_op" content="retrieve" /><meta name="ncbi_pdid" content="fullreport" /><meta name="ncbi_sessionid" content="CE8B5AF87C7FFCB1_0191SID" /><meta name="ncbi_uidlist" content="1842714" /><meta name="ncbi_filter" content="clinical" /><meta name="ncbi_stat" content="false" /><meta name="ncbi_hitstat" content="false" />
<!-- title -->
<title>Alexander disease type II (Concept Id: C5679914)
- MedGen - NCBI</title>
<!-- Common JS and CSS -->
<script type="text/javascript">
var ncbi_startTime = new Date();
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://static.pubmed.gov/core/jig/1.15.10/js/jig.min.js"></script>
<link xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4218191/css/4207974/4206132.css" xml:base="http://127.0.0.1/sites/static/header_footer/" />
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/favicon.ico" /><meta name="ncbi_phid" content="CE8CD7FC7D2DAC710000000000FC00C5.m_29" /><script type="text/javascript"><!--
var ScriptPath = '/portal/';
var objHierarchy = {"name":"EntrezSystem2","type":"Layout","realname":"EntrezSystem2",
"children":[{"name":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez","type":"Cluster","realname":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez",
"children":[{"name":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.DbConnector","type":"Portlet","realname":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.PEntrez.DbConnector","shortname":"DbConnector"},
{"name":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.ParamContainer","type":"Portlet","realname":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.PEntrez.ParamContainer","shortname":"ParamContainer"},
{"name":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MyNcbi","type":"Portlet","realname":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.PEntrez.MyNcbi","shortname":"MyNcbi"},
{"name":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.UserPreferenceUrlParamContainer","type":"Portlet","realname":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.PEntrez.UserPreferenceUrlParamContainer","shortname":"UserPreferenceUrlParamContainer"},
{"name":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.GridProperty","type":"Portlet","realname":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.PEntrez.GridProperty","shortname":"GridProperty"},
{"name":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen","type":"Cluster","realname":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen",
"children":[{"name":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.NoPortlet","type":"Portlet","realname":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.Entrez_Database.NoPortlet","shortname":"NoPortlet"},
{"name":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_PageController","type":"Portlet","realname":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_PageController","shortname":"MedGen_PageController"},
{"name":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_SearchBar","type":"Portlet","realname":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_SearchBar","shortname":"MedGen_SearchBar"},
{"name":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_BotRequest","type":"Portlet","realname":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_BotRequest","shortname":"MedGen_BotRequest"},
{"name":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_LimitsTab","type":"Portlet","realname":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_LimitsTab","shortname":"MedGen_LimitsTab"},
{"name":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.Entrez_Facets","type":"Portlet","realname":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.Entrez_Database.Entrez_Facets","shortname":"Entrez_Facets"},
{"name":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.Entrez_Clipboard","type":"Portlet","realname":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.Entrez_Database.Entrez_Clipboard","shortname":"Entrez_Clipboard"},
{"name":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_StaticParts","type":"Portlet","realname":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_StaticParts","shortname":"MedGen_StaticParts"},
{"name":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.Entrez_Messages","type":"Portlet","realname":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.Entrez_Database.Entrez_Messages","shortname":"Entrez_Messages"},
{"name":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.NcbiJSCheck","type":"Portlet","realname":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.Entrez_Database.NcbiJSCheck","shortname":"NcbiJSCheck"},
{"name":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.NCBIFooter_dynamic","type":"Cluster","realname":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.Entrez_Database.NCBIFooter_dynamic",
"children":[{"name":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.NCBIFooter_dynamic.Footer_ExtraData","type":"Portlet","realname":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.Entrez_Database.NCBIFooter_dynamic.Footer_ExtraData","shortname":"Footer_ExtraData"},
{"name":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.NCBIFooter_dynamic.NCBIFooter_dynamic","type":"Cluster","realname":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.Entrez_Database.NCBIFooter_dynamic.NCBIFooter_dynamic",
"children":[{"name":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.NCBIFooter_dynamic.NCBIFooter_dynamic.NCBIBreadcrumbs","type":"Portlet","realname":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.Entrez_Database.NCBIFooter_dynamic.NCBIFooter_dynamic.NCBIBreadcrumbs","shortname":"NCBIBreadcrumbs"},
{"name":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.NCBIFooter_dynamic.NCBIFooter_dynamic.NCBIHelpDesk","type":"Portlet","realname":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.Entrez_Database.NCBIFooter_dynamic.NCBIFooter_dynamic.NCBIHelpDesk","shortname":"NCBIHelpDesk"},
{"name":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.NCBIFooter_dynamic.NCBIFooter_dynamic.NCBIApplog_NoScript_Ping","type":"Portlet","realname":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.Entrez_Database.NCBIFooter_dynamic.NCBIFooter_dynamic.NCBIApplog_NoScript_Ping","shortname":"NCBIApplog_NoScript_Ping"}]}]},
{"name":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel","type":"Cluster","realname":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel",
"children":[{"name":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.blankToolPanel","type":"Portlet","realname":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.Entrez_ResultsPanel.blankToolPanel","shortname":"blankToolPanel"},
{"name":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_ResultsController","type":"Portlet","realname":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_ResultsController","shortname":"MedGen_ResultsController"},
{"name":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_FiltersPortlet","type":"Portlet","realname":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_FiltersPortlet","shortname":"MedGen_FiltersPortlet"},
{"name":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.Entrez_Pager","type":"Portlet","realname":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.Entrez_ResultsPanel.Entrez_Pager","shortname":"Entrez_Pager"},
{"name":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_DisplayBar","type":"Portlet","realname":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_DisplayBar","shortname":"MedGen_DisplayBar"},
{"name":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.HelpFormAttributes","type":"Portlet","realname":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.Entrez_ResultsPanel.HelpFormAttributes","shortname":"HelpFormAttributes"},
{"name":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.Entrez_Collections","type":"Portlet","realname":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.Entrez_ResultsPanel.Entrez_Collections","shortname":"Entrez_Collections"},
{"name":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.SpellCheck","type":"Portlet","realname":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.Entrez_ResultsPanel.SpellCheck","shortname":"SpellCheck"},
{"name":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.SearchEngineReferralCheck","type":"Portlet","realname":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.Entrez_ResultsPanel.SearchEngineReferralCheck","shortname":"SearchEngineReferralCheck"},
{"name":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.WrongDbSensor","type":"Portlet","realname":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.Entrez_ResultsPanel.WrongDbSensor","shortname":"WrongDbSensor"},
{"name":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.KnowledgePanel","type":"Portlet","realname":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.Entrez_ResultsPanel.KnowledgePanel","shortname":"KnowledgePanel"},
{"name":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.HistoryDisplay","type":"Portlet","realname":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.Entrez_ResultsPanel.HistoryDisplay","shortname":"HistoryDisplay"},
{"name":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.Discovery_SearchDetails","type":"Portlet","realname":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.Entrez_ResultsPanel.Discovery_SearchDetails","shortname":"Discovery_SearchDetails"},
{"name":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.mg_GeneSensor","type":"Portlet","realname":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.mg_GeneSensor","shortname":"mg_GeneSensor"},
{"name":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_ClinFeatureSearch","type":"Portlet","realname":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_ClinFeatureSearch","shortname":"MedGen_ClinFeatureSearch"},
{"name":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVFull","type":"Portlet","realname":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVFull","shortname":"MedGen_RVFull"},
{"name":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_SingleItemSuplCluster","type":"Cluster","realname":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_SingleItemSuplCluster",
"children":[{"name":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_SingleItemSuplCluster.MedGenDiscoveryDbLinks","type":"Portlet","realname":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_SingleItemSuplCluster.MedGenDiscoveryDbLinks","shortname":"MedGenDiscoveryDbLinks"},
{"name":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_SingleItemSuplCluster.MedGen_SingleItemSupl","type":"Portlet","realname":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_SingleItemSuplCluster.MedGen_SingleItemSupl","shortname":"MedGen_SingleItemSupl"},
{"name":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_SingleItemSuplCluster.MedGenReviews","type":"Portlet","realname":"EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_SingleItemSuplCluster.MedGenReviews","shortname":"MedGenReviews"}]}]}]}]}]};
--></script>
<meta name='referrer' content='origin-when-cross-origin'/><link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/css/3808861/3917732/3974050/3751656/3395415/4221762/14534/4062871/4186458/4075711/12930/4033350/4128070/3861632/4013176/4212357/4064428/4186491/9685/2279/3395586.css" /><link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/css/3501913/1303451.css" media="print" /><script type="text/javascript">
var ObjectLinks=[{i:0, ename: "p$ExL", esid:"*", sname: "p$ExL", ssid:"*", dname:"p$el", dsid:"0",m:"CopyValue",p:[],f: function(src, dst) {fn_CopyValue(src, dst);}}]
var ActiveNames = {"p$ExL":1, "EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.DbConnector.Cmd":0, "EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.DbConnector.Db":0, "EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.DbConnector.IdsFromResult":0, "EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.DbConnector.LastDb":0, "EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.DbConnector.LastIdsFromResult":0, "EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.DbConnector.LastQueryKey":0, "EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.DbConnector.LastTabCmd":0, "EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.DbConnector.LinkName":0, "EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.DbConnector.LinkReadableName":0, "EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.DbConnector.LinkSrcDb":0, "EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.DbConnector.QueryKey":0, "EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.DbConnector.TabCmd":0, "EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.DbConnector.Term":0, "EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_PageController.PreviousPageName":0, "EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.HistoryDisplay.ClearHistory":0, "EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.HistoryDisplay.Cmd":0, "EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.HistoryDisplay.HistoryOn":0, "EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.HistoryDisplay.HistoryToggle":0, "EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.HistoryDisplay.Shutter":0, "EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_DisplayBar.Display":0, "EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_DisplayBar.FFormat":0, "EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_DisplayBar.FileFormat":0, "EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_DisplayBar.Format":0, "EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_DisplayBar.LastFormat":0, "EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_DisplayBar.LastPageSize":0, "EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_DisplayBar.LastPresentation":0, "EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_DisplayBar.PageSize":0, "EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_DisplayBar.Presentation":0, "EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_DisplayBar.PrevPageSize":0, "EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_DisplayBar.PrevPresentation":0, "EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_DisplayBar.PrevSort":0, "EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_DisplayBar.SendTo":0, "EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_DisplayBar.SendToSubmit":0, "EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_DisplayBar.SetDisplay":0, "EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_DisplayBar.sPresentation":0, "EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_ResultsController.ResultCount":0, "EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_ResultsController.RunLastQuery":0, "EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_SingleItemSuplCluster.MedGenDiscoveryDbLinks.Shutter":0, "EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_SingleItemSuplCluster.MedGenReviews.Shutter":0};
</script></head>
<body>
<div class="grid">
<div class="col twelve_col nomargin shadow">
<form enctype="application/x-www-form-urlencoded" name="EntrezForm" method="post" onsubmit="return false;" action="/medgen" id="EntrezForm">
<div xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
<!-- no javascript message -->
<noscript>
<p class="nojs">
<strong>Warning:</strong>
The NCBI web site requires JavaScript to function.
<a href="/guide/browsers/#enablejs" title="Learn how to enable JavaScript" target="_blank">more...</a>
</p>
</noscript>
<div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" id="universal_header" xml:base="http://127.0.0.1/sites/static/header_footer/">
<section class="usa-banner">
<div class="usa-accordion">
<header class="usa-banner-header">
<div class="usa-grid usa-banner-inner">
<img src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/favicons/favicon-57.png" alt="U.S. flag" />
<p>An official website of the United States government</p>
<button class="non-usa-accordion-button usa-banner-button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="gov-banner-top" type="button">
<span class="usa-banner-button-text">Here's how you know</span>
</button>
</div>
</header>
<div class="usa-banner-content usa-grid usa-accordion-content" id="gov-banner-top" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="usa-banner-guidance-gov usa-width-one-half">
<img class="usa-banner-icon usa-media_block-img" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-dot-gov.svg" alt="Dot gov" />
<div class="usa-media_block-body">
<p>
<strong>The .gov means it's official.</strong>
<br />
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before
sharing sensitive information, make sure you're on a federal
government site.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="usa-banner-guidance-ssl usa-width-one-half">
<img class="usa-banner-icon usa-media_block-img" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-https.svg" alt="Https" />
<div class="usa-media_block-body">
<p>
<strong>The site is secure.</strong>
<br />
The <strong>https://</strong> ensures that you are connecting to the
official website and that any information you provide is encrypted
and transmitted securely.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<div class="usa-overlay"></div>
<header class="ncbi-header" role="banner" data-section="Header">
<div class="usa-grid">
<div class="usa-width-one-whole">
<div class="ncbi-header__logo">
<a href="/" class="logo" aria-label="NCBI Logo" data-ga-action="click_image" data-ga-label="NIH NLM Logo">
<img src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/logos/AgencyLogo.svg" alt="NIH NLM Logo" />
</a>
</div>
<div class="ncbi-header__account">
<a id="account_login" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov" class="usa-button header-button" style="display:none" data-ga-action="open_menu" data-ga-label="account_menu">Log in</a>
<button id="account_info" class="header-button" style="display:none" aria-controls="account_popup" type="button">
<span class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="20px" height="20px">
<g style="fill: #fff">
<ellipse cx="12" cy="8" rx="5" ry="6"></ellipse>
<path d="M21.8,19.1c-0.9-1.8-2.6-3.3-4.8-4.2c-0.6-0.2-1.3-0.2-1.8,0.1c-1,0.6-2,0.9-3.2,0.9s-2.2-0.3-3.2-0.9 C8.3,14.8,7.6,14.7,7,15c-2.2,0.9-3.9,2.4-4.8,4.2C1.5,20.5,2.6,22,4.1,22h15.8C21.4,22,22.5,20.5,21.8,19.1z"></path>
</g>
</svg>
</span>
<span class="username desktop-only" aria-hidden="true" id="uname_short"></span>
<span class="sr-only">Show account info</span>
</button>
</div>
<div class="ncbi-popup-anchor">
<div class="ncbi-popup account-popup" id="account_popup" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="ncbi-popup-head">
<button class="ncbi-close-button" data-ga-action="close_menu" data-ga-label="account_menu" type="button">
<span class="fa fa-times">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 48 48" width="24px" height="24px">
<path d="M38 12.83l-2.83-2.83-11.17 11.17-11.17-11.17-2.83 2.83 11.17 11.17-11.17 11.17 2.83 2.83 11.17-11.17 11.17 11.17 2.83-2.83-11.17-11.17z"></path>
</svg>
</span>
<span class="usa-sr-only">Close</span></button>
<h4>Account</h4>
</div>
<div class="account-user-info">
Logged in as:<br />
<b><span class="username" id="uname_long">username</span></b>
</div>
<div class="account-links">
<ul class="usa-unstyled-list">
<li><a id="account_myncbi" href="/myncbi/" class="set-base-url" data-ga-action="click_menu_item" data-ga-label="account_myncbi">Dashboard</a></li>
<li><a id="account_pubs" href="/myncbi/collections/bibliography/" class="set-base-url" data-ga-action="click_menu_item" data-ga-label="account_pubs">Publications</a></li>
<li><a id="account_settings" href="/account/settings/" class="set-base-url" data-ga-action="click_menu_item" data-ga-label="account_settings">Account settings</a></li>
<li><a id="account_logout" href="/account/signout/" class="set-base-url" data-ga-action="click_menu_item" data-ga-label="account_logout">Log out</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<div role="navigation" aria-label="access keys">
<a id="nws_header_accesskey_0" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/browsers/#ncbi_accesskeys" class="usa-sr-only" accesskey="0" tabindex="-1">Access keys</a>
<a id="nws_header_accesskey_1" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov" class="usa-sr-only" accesskey="1" tabindex="-1">NCBI Homepage</a>
<a id="nws_header_accesskey_2" href="/myncbi/" class="set-base-url usa-sr-only" accesskey="2" tabindex="-1">MyNCBI Homepage</a>
<a id="nws_header_accesskey_3" href="#maincontent" class="usa-sr-only" accesskey="3" tabindex="-1">Main Content</a>
<a id="nws_header_accesskey_4" href="#" class="usa-sr-only" accesskey="4" tabindex="-1">Main Navigation</a>
</div>
<section data-section="Alerts">
<div class="ncbi-alerts-placeholder"></div>
</section>
</div>
<div class="header">
<!-- logo -->
<div class="res_logo" id="gene-top">
<h1 class="res_name"><a href="/medgen">MedGen</a></h1>
<h2 class="res_tagline">National Center for Biotechnology Information</h2>
</div>
<!-- SearchBar -->
<div class="search"><div class="search_form"><label for="database" class="offscreen_noflow">Search database</label><select id="database"><optgroup label="Recent"><option value="pubmed" data-ac_dict="pm_related_queries_2">PubMed</option><option value="books">Books</option><option value="medgen" selected="selected" data-ac_dict="medgen_disease_name">MedGen</option><option value="gene" class="last">Gene</option></optgroup><optgroup label="All"><option value="gquery">All Databases</option><option value="assembly">Assembly</option><option value="biocollections">Biocollections</option><option value="bioproject">BioProject</option><option value="biosample">BioSample</option><option value="books">Books</option><option value="clinvar">ClinVar</option><option value="cdd">Conserved Domains</option><option value="gap">dbGaP</option><option value="dbvar">dbVar</option><option value="gene">Gene</option><option value="genome">Genome</option><option value="gds">GEO DataSets</option><option value="geoprofiles">GEO Profiles</option><option value="gtr">GTR</option><option value="ipg">Identical Protein Groups</option><option value="medgen" data-ac_dict="medgen_disease_name">MedGen</option><option value="mesh" data-ac_dict="mesh_suggestions">MeSH</option><option value="nlmcatalog">NLM Catalog</option><option value="nuccore">Nucleotide</option><option value="omim">OMIM</option><option value="pmc">PMC</option><option value="protein">Protein</option><option value="proteinclusters">Protein Clusters</option><option value="protfam">Protein Family Models</option><option value="pcassay">PubChem BioAssay</option><option value="pccompound">PubChem Compound</option><option value="pcsubstance">PubChem Substance</option><option value="pubmed" data-ac_dict="pm_related_queries_2">PubMed</option><option value="snp">SNP</option><option value="sra">SRA</option><option value="structure">Structure</option><option value="taxonomy">Taxonomy</option><option value="toolkit">ToolKit</option><option value="toolkitall">ToolKitAll</option><option value="toolkitbookgh">ToolKitBookgh</option></optgroup></select><div class="nowrap"><label for="term" class="offscreen_noflow" accesskey="/">Search term</label><div class="nowrap"><input type="text" name="term" id="term" title="Search MedGen. Use up and down arrows to choose an item from the autocomplete." value="" class="jig-ncbiclearbutton jig-ncbiautocomplete" data-jigconfig="dictionary:'medgen_disease_name',disableUrl:'NcbiSearchBarAutoComplCtrl'" autocomplete="off" data-sbconfig="ds:'no',pjs:'yes',afs:'yes'" /></div><button id="search" type="submit" class="button_search nowrap" cmd="go">Search</button></div></div><ul class="searchlinks inline_list"><set></set><li><a sid="1" href="/medgen/limits">Limits</a></li><li><a href="/medgen/advanced">Advanced</a></li><li class="help"><a id="help" class="jig-ncbihelpwindow" target="ncbihelp" name="help" href="/medgen/docs/help">Help</a></li></ul></div>
</div>
<input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_PageController.PreviousPageName" sid="1" type="hidden" value="results" />
<div id="maincontent" class="col nine_col">
<div class="content">
<div>
</div>
<div class="results_settings one_setting"><ul class="inline_list left display_settings"><li><a name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_DisplayBar.Display" sid="0" href="#" class="jig-ncbipopper" data-jigconfig="triggerPosition : 'bottom center',destPosition : 'top center',destSelector : '#display_settings_menu_report', hasArrow : false,openEvent : 'click',closeEvent : 'click',isTriggerElementCloseClick: false,addCloseButton : false, groupName: 'entrez_pg'" id="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_DisplayBar.Display">Full Report<span href="#" class="tgt_dark"></span></a></li></ul><div id="display_settings_menu_report" class="disp_settings tabPopper"><fieldset class="format"><legend>Format</legend><ul class="column_list"><li><input type="radio" name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_DisplayBar.sPresentation" sid="1" value="FullReport" format="" id="FullReport" checked="true" /><label for="FullReport">Full Report</label></li><li><input type="radio" name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_DisplayBar.sPresentation" sid="2" value="FullReport" format="text" id="FullReporttext" /><label for="FullReporttext">Summary (Text)</label></li><li><input type="radio" name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_DisplayBar.sPresentation" sid="3" value="XML" format="text" id="XMLtext" /><label for="XMLtext">Summary (XML)</label></li></ul></fieldset></div><button name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_DisplayBar.SetDisplay" sid="1" class="button_apply ncbipopper-close-button" style="display:none">Apply</button><h4 class="content_header send_to align_right jig-ncbipopper" id="sendto" data-jigconfig="triggerPosition:'bottom center', destPosition : 'top center',destSelector : '#send_to_menu', hasArrow : false, openEvent : 'click',closeEvent : 'click', isTriggerElementCloseClick: false, addCloseButton:true, groupName: 'entrez_pg', adjustFit:'none'"><a href="#" sourceContent="send_to_menu" class="tgt_dark">Send to:</a><script type="text/javascript">
jQuery(document).ready( function () {
jQuery("#send_to_menu input[type='radio']").click( function () {
var selectedValue = jQuery(this).val().toLowerCase();
var selectedDiv = jQuery("#send_to_menu div." + selectedValue);
if(selectedDiv.is(":hidden")){
jQuery("#send_to_menu div.submenu:visible").slideUp();
selectedDiv.slideDown();
}
});
});
jQuery("#sendto").bind("ncbipopperclose", function(){
jQuery("#send_to_menu div.submenu:visible").css("display","none");
jQuery("#send_to_menu input[type='radio']:checked").attr("checked",false);
});
</script></h4><div id="send_to_menu" class="tabPopper send_to"><fieldset><legend>Choose Destination</legend><ul class="column_list"><li><input type="radio" name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_DisplayBar.SendTo" sid="1" value="File" id="dest_File" /><label for="dest_File">File</label></li><li><input type="radio" name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_DisplayBar.SendTo" sid="2" value="AddToClipboard" id="dest_AddToClipboard" /><label for="dest_AddToClipboard">Clipboard</label></li><li><input type="radio" name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_DisplayBar.SendTo" sid="3" value="AddToCollections" id="dest_AddToCollections" /><label for="dest_AddToCollections">Collections</label></li></ul></fieldset><div class="submenu file" id="submenu_File" style="display: none;"><p id="submenu_File_hint" class="hidden"></p><ul><li><label for="file_format">Format</label><select id="file_format" name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_DisplayBar.FFormat" sid="1"><option value="FullReport" format="text" selected="selected">Summary (Text)</option><option value="XML" format="text">Summary (XML)</option></select></li></ul><button name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_DisplayBar.SendToSubmit" sid="1" class="button_apply file ncbipopper-close-button" type="submit" cmd="File">Create File</button></div><div class="submenu addtoclipboard" id="submenu_AddToClipboard" style="display: none;"><p id="submenu_AddToClipboard_hint" class="hidden"></p><button name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_DisplayBar.SendToSubmit" sid="2" class="button_apply clipboard ncbipopper-close-button" type="submit" cmd="AddToClipboard">Add to Clipboard</button></div><div class="submenu addtocollections" id="submenu_AddToCollections" style="display: none;"><p id="submenu_AddToCollections_hint" class="hidden"></p><button name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_DisplayBar.SendToSubmit" sid="3" class="button_apply collections ncbipopper-close-button" type="submit" cmd="AddToCollections">Add to Collections</button></div></div><div><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_DisplayBar.FileFormat" sid="1" type="hidden" value="FullReport" /><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_DisplayBar.LastPresentation" sid="1" type="hidden" value="FullReport" /><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_DisplayBar.Presentation" sid="1" type="hidden" value="FullReport" /><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_DisplayBar.PageSize" sid="1" type="hidden" value="20" /><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_DisplayBar.LastPageSize" sid="1" type="hidden" value="20" /><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_DisplayBar.Format" sid="1" type="hidden" value="" /><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_DisplayBar.LastFormat" sid="1" type="hidden" value="" /><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_DisplayBar.PrevPageSize" sid="1" type="hidden" value="20" /><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_DisplayBar.PrevPresentation" sid="1" type="hidden" value="FullReport" /><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_DisplayBar.PrevSort" sid="1" type="hidden" value="" /><input type="hidden" id="coll_startindex" name="CollectionStartIndex" value="1" /></div></div>
<div class="">
<div><span id="result_sel" class="nowrap"></span><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_ResultsController.ResultCount" sid="1" type="hidden" id="resultcount" value="1" /><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_ResultsController.RunLastQuery" sid="1" type="hidden" /></div>
</div>
<div id="messagearea" class="empty">
</div>
<div><div class="rprt full-rprt"><div class="portlet" style="border-top-style: none; margin-top: 0px; padding-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0.2em;">
<!--
UID=1842714
ConceptID=C5679914
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Alexander disease type II</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1842714</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5679914</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
<td>AxD (Alexander disease) type II; AxD type II</td></tr>
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
<td>Alexander disease type II (1332388003); AxD (Alexander disease) type II (1332388003)</td></tr>
<tr><td>Modes of inheritance:</td>
<td>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="moi_141047"><div><strong>Autosomal dominant inheritance</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>141047</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0443147</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Intellectual Product</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Source: Orphanet</div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in heterozygotes. In the context of medical genetics, an autosomal dominant disorder is caused when a single copy of the mutant allele is present. Males and females are affected equally, and can both transmit the disorder with a risk of 50% for each child of inheriting the mutant allele.</div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#moi_141047" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autosomal dominant inheritance</a><span> (Orphanet)</span></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0018210" target="_blank">MONDO:0018210</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Orphanet:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Orphanet: The portal for rare diseases and orphan drugs" href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&amp;Expert=363722">ORPHA363722</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="rprt-body jig-ncbiinpagenav" data-jigconfig="smoothScroll: false, gotoTopLink: true, gotoTopLinkText: '', gotoTopLinkAttrs: {'title': 'Go to the top of the page'},allHeadingLevels: ['h1'], topOfPageTOC: true, tocId: 'my-toc'"><div id="rprt-tabs-1" class="rprt-tab"><div id="tb-termsProp-1"><div class="leftCol mgCol"><div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">An astrogliopathy and a form of Alexander disease (AxD) characterized by ataxia, bulbar symptoms, spastic paraparesis, palatal myoclonus, and autonomic symptoms. [from <a title="Orphanet Rare Disease Ontology (ORDO)" href="http://www.orphadata.org/cgi-bin/inc/ordo_orphanet.inc.php" class="defSource" target="_blank">ORDO</a>]</div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline">Alexander disease type II</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/14319" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities">Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/181981" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Inborn genetic diseases">Inborn genetic diseases</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/6323" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Inborn errors of metabolism">Inborn errors of metabolism</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/156005" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Brain Diseases, Metabolic, Inborn">Brain Diseases, Metabolic, Inborn</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/148407" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Hereditary Central Nervous System Demyelinating Diseases">Hereditary Central Nervous System Demyelinating Diseases</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/78724" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Alexander disease">Alexander disease</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Alexander disease type II</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35980381">Heterozygous variants in MYH10 associated with neurodevelopmental disorders and congenital anomalies with evidence for primary cilia-dependent defects in Hedgehog signaling.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Holtz AM,
VanCoillie R,
Vansickle EA,
Carere DA,
Withrow K,
Torti E,
Juusola J,
Millan F,
Person R,
Guillen Sacoto MJ,
Si Y,
Wentzensen IM,
Pugh J,
Vasileiou G,
Rieger M,
Reis A,
Argilli E,
Sherr EH,
Aldinger KA,
Dobyns WB,
Brunet T,
Hoefele J,
Wagner M,
Haber B,
Kotzaeridou U,
Keren B,
Heron D,
Mignot C,
Heide S,
Courtin T,
Buratti J,
Murugasen S,
Donald KA,
O'Heir E,
Moody S,
Kim KH,
Burton BK,
Yoon G,
Campo MD,
Masser-Frye D,
Kozenko M,
Parkinson C,
Sell SL,
Gordon PL,
Prokop JW,
Karaa A,
Bupp C,
Raby BA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Genet Med</span>
2022 Oct;24(10):2065-2078.
Epub 2022 Aug 18
doi: 10.1016/j.gim.2022.07.005.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35980381" target="_blank">35980381</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10765599" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35758521">ESPGHAN Position Paper on Management and Follow-up of Children and Adolescents With Celiac Disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mearin ML,
Agardh D,
Antunes H,
Al-Toma A,
Auricchio R,
Castillejo G,
Catassi C,
Ciacci C,
Discepolo V,
Dolinsek J,
Donat E,
Gillett P,
Guandalini S,
Husby Md DMSc S,
Koletzko Md S,
Koltai T,
Korponay-Szabó IR,
Kurppa K,
Lionetti E,
Mårild K,
Martinez Ojinaga E,
Meijer C,
Monachesi C,
Polanco I,
Popp A,
Roca M,
Rodriguez-Herrera A,
Shamir R,
Stordal K,
Troncone R,
Valitutti F,
Vreugdenhil A,
Wessels M,
Whiting P;
ESPGHAN Special Interest Group on Celiac Disease</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr</span>
2022 Sep 1;75(3):369-386.
Epub 2022 Jun 27
doi: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000003540.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35758521" target="_blank">35758521</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17239676">Curriculum in cardiology: integrated diagnosis and management of diastolic heart failure.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Chinnaiyan KM,
Alexander D,
Maddens M,
McCullough PA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am Heart J</span>
2007 Feb;153(2):189-200.
doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2006.10.022.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17239676" target="_blank">17239676</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(alexander%20disease%20type%20ii)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (16)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35700142">Design of the COmbinatioN effect of FInerenone anD EmpaglifloziN in participants with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes using a UACR Endpoint study (CONFIDENCE).</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Green JB,
Mottl AK,
Bakris G,
Heerspink HJL,
Mann JFE,
McGill JB,
Nangaku M,
Rossing P,
Scott C,
Gay A,
Agarwal R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nephrol Dial Transplant</span>
2023 Mar 31;38(4):894-903.
doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfac198.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35700142" target="_blank">35700142</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10064838" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35758521">ESPGHAN Position Paper on Management and Follow-up of Children and Adolescents With Celiac Disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mearin ML,
Agardh D,
Antunes H,
Al-Toma A,
Auricchio R,
Castillejo G,
Catassi C,
Ciacci C,
Discepolo V,
Dolinsek J,
Donat E,
Gillett P,
Guandalini S,
Husby Md DMSc S,
Koletzko Md S,
Koltai T,
Korponay-Szabó IR,
Kurppa K,
Lionetti E,
Mårild K,
Martinez Ojinaga E,
Meijer C,
Monachesi C,
Polanco I,
Popp A,
Roca M,
Rodriguez-Herrera A,
Shamir R,
Stordal K,
Troncone R,
Valitutti F,
Vreugdenhil A,
Wessels M,
Whiting P;
ESPGHAN Special Interest Group on Celiac Disease</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr</span>
2022 Sep 1;75(3):369-386.
Epub 2022 Jun 27
doi: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000003540.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35758521" target="_blank">35758521</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34349265">Genetic insights into biological mechanisms governing human ovarian ageing.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ruth KS,
Day FR,
Hussain J,
Martínez-Marchal A,
Aiken CE,
Azad A,
Thompson DJ,
Knoblochova L,
Abe H,
Tarry-Adkins JL,
Gonzalez JM,
Fontanillas P,
Claringbould A,
Bakker OB,
Sulem P,
Walters RG,
Terao C,
Turon S,
Horikoshi M,
Lin K,
Onland-Moret NC,
Sankar A,
Hertz EPT,
Timshel PN,
Shukla V,
Borup R,
Olsen KW,
Aguilera P,
Ferrer-Roda M,
Huang Y,
Stankovic S,
Timmers PRHJ,
Ahearn TU,
Alizadeh BZ,
Naderi E,
Andrulis IL,
Arnold AM,
Aronson KJ,
Augustinsson A,
Bandinelli S,
Barbieri CM,
Beaumont RN,
Becher H,
Beckmann MW,
Benonisdottir S,
Bergmann S,
Bochud M,
Boerwinkle E,
Bojesen SE,
Bolla MK,
Boomsma DI,
Bowker N,
Brody JA,
Broer L,
Buring JE,
Campbell A,
Campbell H,
Castelao JE,
Catamo E,
Chanock SJ,
Chenevix-Trench G,
Ciullo M,
Corre T,
Couch FJ,
Cox A,
Crisponi L,
Cross SS,
Cucca F,
Czene K,
Smith GD,
de Geus EJCN,
de Mutsert R,
De Vivo I,
Demerath EW,
Dennis J,
Dunning AM,
Dwek M,
Eriksson M,
Esko T,
Fasching PA,
Faul JD,
Ferrucci L,
Franceschini N,
Frayling TM,
Gago-Dominguez M,
Mezzavilla M,
García-Closas M,
Gieger C,
Giles GG,
Grallert H,
Gudbjartsson DF,
Gudnason V,
Guénel P,
Haiman CA,
Håkansson N,
Hall P,
Hayward C,
He C,
He W,
Heiss G,
Høffding MK,
Hopper JL,
Hottenga JJ,
Hu F,
Hunter D,
Ikram MA,
Jackson RD,
Joaquim MDR,
John EM,
Joshi PK,
Karasik D,
Kardia SLR,
Kartsonaki C,
Karlsson R,
Kitahara CM,
Kolcic I,
Kooperberg C,
Kraft P,
Kurian AW,
Kutalik Z,
La Bianca M,
LaChance G,
Langenberg C,
Launer LJ,
Laven JSE,
Lawlor DA,
Le Marchand L,
Li J,
Lindblom A,
Lindstrom S,
Lindstrom T,
Linet M,
Liu Y,
Liu S,
Luan J,
Mägi R,
Magnusson PKE,
Mangino M,
Mannermaa A,
Marco B,
Marten J,
Martin NG,
Mbarek H,
McKnight B,
Medland SE,
Meisinger C,
Meitinger T,
Menni C,
Metspalu A,
Milani L,
Milne RL,
Montgomery GW,
Mook-Kanamori DO,
Mulas A,
Mulligan AM,
Murray A,
Nalls MA,
Newman A,
Noordam R,
Nutile T,
Nyholt DR,
Olshan AF,
Olsson H,
Painter JN,
Patel AV,
Pedersen NL,
Perjakova N,
Peters A,
Peters U,
Pharoah PDP,
Polasek O,
Porcu E,
Psaty BM,
Rahman I,
Rennert G,
Rennert HS,
Ridker PM,
Ring SM,
Robino A,
Rose LM,
Rosendaal FR,
Rossouw J,
Rudan I,
Rueedi R,
Ruggiero D,
Sala CF,
Saloustros E,
Sandler DP,
Sanna S,
Sawyer EJ,
Sarnowski C,
Schlessinger D,
Schmidt MK,
Schoemaker MJ,
Schraut KE,
Scott C,
Shekari S,
Shrikhande A,
Smith AV,
Smith BH,
Smith JA,
Sorice R,
Southey MC,
Spector TD,
Spinelli JJ,
Stampfer M,
Stöckl D,
van Meurs JBJ,
Strauch K,
Styrkarsdottir U,
Swerdlow AJ,
Tanaka T,
Teras LR,
Teumer A,
Þorsteinsdottir U,
Timpson NJ,
Toniolo D,
Traglia M,
Troester MA,
Truong T,
Tyrrell J,
Uitterlinden AG,
Ulivi S,
Vachon CM,
Vitart V,
Völker U,
Vollenweider P,
Völzke H,
Wang Q,
Wareham NJ,
Weinberg CR,
Weir DR,
Wilcox AN,
van Dijk KW,
Willemsen G,
Wilson JF,
Wolffenbuttel BHR,
Wolk A,
Wood AR,
Zhao W,
Zygmunt M;
Biobank-based Integrative Omics Study (BIOS) Consortium;
eQTLGen Consortium;
Biobank Japan Project;
China Kadoorie Biobank Collaborative Group;
kConFab Investigators;
LifeLines Cohort Study;
InterAct consortium;
23andMe Research Team,
Chen Z,
Li L,
Franke L,
Burgess S,
Deelen P,
Pers TH,
Grøndahl ML,
Andersen CY,
Pujol A,
Lopez-Contreras AJ,
Daniel JA,
Stefansson K,
Chang-Claude J,
van der Schouw YT,
Lunetta KL,
Chasman DI,
Easton DF,
Visser JA,
Ozanne SE,
Namekawa SH,
Solc P,
Murabito JM,
Ong KK,
Hoffmann ER,
Murray A,
Roig I,
Perry JRB</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nature</span>
2021 Aug;596(7872):393-397.
Epub 2021 Aug 4
doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03779-7.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34349265" target="_blank">34349265</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7611832" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34237774">Mapping the human genetic architecture of COVID-19.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nature</span>
2021 Dec;600(7889):472-477.
Epub 2021 Jul 8
doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03767-x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34237774" target="_blank">34237774</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8674144" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33065120">Rationale and design of ApoA-I Event Reducing in Ischemic Syndromes II (AEGIS-II): A phase 3, multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study to investigate the efficacy and safety of CSL112 in subjects after acute myocardial infarction.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Gibson CM,
Kastelein JJP,
Phillips AT,
Aylward PE,
Yee MK,
Tendera M,
Nicholls SJ,
Pocock S,
Goodman SG,
Alexander JH,
Lincoff AM,
Bode C,
Duffy D,
Heise M,
Berman G,
Mears SJ,
Tricoci P,
Deckelbaum LI,
Steg PG,
Ridker P,
Mehran R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am Heart J</span>
2021 Jan;231:121-127.
Epub 2020 Oct 13
doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2020.10.052.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33065120" target="_blank">33065120</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Alexander%20disease%20type%20II%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (106)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38605021">Gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lamberti G,
Panzuto F,
Pavel M,
O'Toole D,
Ambrosini V,
Falconi M,
Garcia-Carbonero R,
Riechelmann RP,
Rindi G,
Campana D</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nat Rev Dis Primers</span>
2024 Apr 11;10(1):25.
doi: 10.1038/s41572-024-00508-y.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38605021" target="_blank">38605021</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35758521">ESPGHAN Position Paper on Management and Follow-up of Children and Adolescents With Celiac Disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mearin ML,
Agardh D,
Antunes H,
Al-Toma A,
Auricchio R,
Castillejo G,
Catassi C,
Ciacci C,
Discepolo V,
Dolinsek J,
Donat E,
Gillett P,
Guandalini S,
Husby Md DMSc S,
Koletzko Md S,
Koltai T,
Korponay-Szabó IR,
Kurppa K,
Lionetti E,
Mårild K,
Martinez Ojinaga E,
Meijer C,
Monachesi C,
Polanco I,
Popp A,
Roca M,
Rodriguez-Herrera A,
Shamir R,
Stordal K,
Troncone R,
Valitutti F,
Vreugdenhil A,
Wessels M,
Whiting P;
ESPGHAN Special Interest Group on Celiac Disease</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr</span>
2022 Sep 1;75(3):369-386.
Epub 2022 Jun 27
doi: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000003540.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35758521" target="_blank">35758521</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34001645">Diagnostic accuracy of non-invasive tests for advanced fibrosis in patients with NAFLD: an individual patient data meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mózes FE,
Lee JA,
Selvaraj EA,
Jayaswal ANA,
Trauner M,
Boursier J,
Fournier C,
Staufer K,
Stauber RE,
Bugianesi E,
Younes R,
Gaia S,
Lupșor-Platon M,
Petta S,
Shima T,
Okanoue T,
Mahadeva S,
Chan WK,
Eddowes PJ,
Hirschfield GM,
Newsome PN,
Wong VW,
de Ledinghen V,
Fan J,
Shen F,
Cobbold JF,
Sumida Y,
Okajima A,
Schattenberg JM,
Labenz C,
Kim W,
Lee MS,
Wiegand J,
Karlas T,
Yılmaz Y,
Aithal GP,
Palaniyappan N,
Cassinotto C,
Aggarwal S,
Garg H,
Ooi GJ,
Nakajima A,
Yoneda M,
Ziol M,
Barget N,
Geier A,
Tuthill T,
Brosnan MJ,
Anstee QM,
Neubauer S,
Harrison SA,
Bossuyt PM,
Pavlides M;
LITMUS Investigators</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Gut</span>
2022 May;71(5):1006-1019.
Epub 2021 May 17
doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-324243.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34001645" target="_blank">34001645</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8995830" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34349265">Genetic insights into biological mechanisms governing human ovarian ageing.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ruth KS,
Day FR,
Hussain J,
Martínez-Marchal A,
Aiken CE,
Azad A,
Thompson DJ,
Knoblochova L,
Abe H,
Tarry-Adkins JL,
Gonzalez JM,
Fontanillas P,
Claringbould A,
Bakker OB,
Sulem P,
Walters RG,
Terao C,
Turon S,
Horikoshi M,
Lin K,
Onland-Moret NC,
Sankar A,
Hertz EPT,
Timshel PN,
Shukla V,
Borup R,
Olsen KW,
Aguilera P,
Ferrer-Roda M,
Huang Y,
Stankovic S,
Timmers PRHJ,
Ahearn TU,
Alizadeh BZ,
Naderi E,
Andrulis IL,
Arnold AM,
Aronson KJ,
Augustinsson A,
Bandinelli S,
Barbieri CM,
Beaumont RN,
Becher H,
Beckmann MW,
Benonisdottir S,
Bergmann S,
Bochud M,
Boerwinkle E,
Bojesen SE,
Bolla MK,
Boomsma DI,
Bowker N,
Brody JA,
Broer L,
Buring JE,
Campbell A,
Campbell H,
Castelao JE,
Catamo E,
Chanock SJ,
Chenevix-Trench G,
Ciullo M,
Corre T,
Couch FJ,
Cox A,
Crisponi L,
Cross SS,
Cucca F,
Czene K,
Smith GD,
de Geus EJCN,
de Mutsert R,
De Vivo I,
Demerath EW,
Dennis J,
Dunning AM,
Dwek M,
Eriksson M,
Esko T,
Fasching PA,
Faul JD,
Ferrucci L,
Franceschini N,
Frayling TM,
Gago-Dominguez M,
Mezzavilla M,
García-Closas M,
Gieger C,
Giles GG,
Grallert H,
Gudbjartsson DF,
Gudnason V,
Guénel P,
Haiman CA,
Håkansson N,
Hall P,
Hayward C,
He C,
He W,
Heiss G,
Høffding MK,
Hopper JL,
Hottenga JJ,
Hu F,
Hunter D,
Ikram MA,
Jackson RD,
Joaquim MDR,
John EM,
Joshi PK,
Karasik D,
Kardia SLR,
Kartsonaki C,
Karlsson R,
Kitahara CM,
Kolcic I,
Kooperberg C,
Kraft P,
Kurian AW,
Kutalik Z,
La Bianca M,
LaChance G,
Langenberg C,
Launer LJ,
Laven JSE,
Lawlor DA,
Le Marchand L,
Li J,
Lindblom A,
Lindstrom S,
Lindstrom T,
Linet M,
Liu Y,
Liu S,
Luan J,
Mägi R,
Magnusson PKE,
Mangino M,
Mannermaa A,
Marco B,
Marten J,
Martin NG,
Mbarek H,
McKnight B,
Medland SE,
Meisinger C,
Meitinger T,
Menni C,
Metspalu A,
Milani L,
Milne RL,
Montgomery GW,
Mook-Kanamori DO,
Mulas A,
Mulligan AM,
Murray A,
Nalls MA,
Newman A,
Noordam R,
Nutile T,
Nyholt DR,
Olshan AF,
Olsson H,
Painter JN,
Patel AV,
Pedersen NL,
Perjakova N,
Peters A,
Peters U,
Pharoah PDP,
Polasek O,
Porcu E,
Psaty BM,
Rahman I,
Rennert G,
Rennert HS,
Ridker PM,
Ring SM,
Robino A,
Rose LM,
Rosendaal FR,
Rossouw J,
Rudan I,
Rueedi R,
Ruggiero D,
Sala CF,
Saloustros E,
Sandler DP,
Sanna S,
Sawyer EJ,
Sarnowski C,
Schlessinger D,
Schmidt MK,
Schoemaker MJ,
Schraut KE,
Scott C,
Shekari S,
Shrikhande A,
Smith AV,
Smith BH,
Smith JA,
Sorice R,
Southey MC,
Spector TD,
Spinelli JJ,
Stampfer M,
Stöckl D,
van Meurs JBJ,
Strauch K,
Styrkarsdottir U,
Swerdlow AJ,
Tanaka T,
Teras LR,
Teumer A,
Þorsteinsdottir U,
Timpson NJ,
Toniolo D,
Traglia M,
Troester MA,
Truong T,
Tyrrell J,
Uitterlinden AG,
Ulivi S,
Vachon CM,
Vitart V,
Völker U,
Vollenweider P,
Völzke H,
Wang Q,
Wareham NJ,
Weinberg CR,
Weir DR,
Wilcox AN,
van Dijk KW,
Willemsen G,
Wilson JF,
Wolffenbuttel BHR,
Wolk A,
Wood AR,
Zhao W,
Zygmunt M;
Biobank-based Integrative Omics Study (BIOS) Consortium;
eQTLGen Consortium;
Biobank Japan Project;
China Kadoorie Biobank Collaborative Group;
kConFab Investigators;
LifeLines Cohort Study;
InterAct consortium;
23andMe Research Team,
Chen Z,
Li L,
Franke L,
Burgess S,
Deelen P,
Pers TH,
Grøndahl ML,
Andersen CY,
Pujol A,
Lopez-Contreras AJ,
Daniel JA,
Stefansson K,
Chang-Claude J,
van der Schouw YT,
Lunetta KL,
Chasman DI,
Easton DF,
Visser JA,
Ozanne SE,
Namekawa SH,
Solc P,
Murabito JM,
Ong KK,
Hoffmann ER,
Murray A,
Roig I,
Perry JRB</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nature</span>
2021 Aug;596(7872):393-397.
Epub 2021 Aug 4
doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03779-7.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34349265" target="_blank">34349265</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7611832" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31120440">RANKL inhibition improves muscle strength and insulin sensitivity and restores bone mass.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bonnet N,
Bourgoin L,
Biver E,
Douni E,
Ferrari S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Clin Invest</span>
2019 May 23;129(8):3214-3223.
doi: 10.1172/JCI125915.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31120440" target="_blank">31120440</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6668701" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Alexander%20disease%20type%20II%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (69)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38588930">Effect of Reconstituted Human Apolipoprotein A-I on Recurrent Ischemic Events in Survivors of Acute MI.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Povsic TJ,
Korjian S,
Bahit MC,
Chi G,
Duffy D,
Alexander JH,
Vinereanu D,
Tricoci P,
Mears SJ,
Deckelbaum LI,
Bonaca M,
Ridker PM,
Goodman SG,
Cornel JH,
Lewis BS,
Parkhomenko A,
Lopes RD,
Aylward P,
Lincoff AM,
Heise M,
Sacks F,
Nicolau JC,
Merkely B,
Trebacz J,
Libby P,
Nicholls SJ,
Pocock S,
Bhatt DL,
Kastelein J,
Bode C,
Mahaffey KW,
Steg PG,
Tendera M,
Bainey KR,
Harrington RA,
Mehran R,
Duerschmied D,
Kingwell BA,
Gibson CM;
AEGIS-II Committees and Investigators</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Am Coll Cardiol</span>
2024 Jun 4;83(22):2163-2174.
Epub 2024 Apr 6
doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2024.03.396.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38588930" target="_blank">38588930</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35700142">Design of the COmbinatioN effect of FInerenone anD EmpaglifloziN in participants with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes using a UACR Endpoint study (CONFIDENCE).</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Green JB,
Mottl AK,
Bakris G,
Heerspink HJL,
Mann JFE,
McGill JB,
Nangaku M,
Rossing P,
Scott C,
Gay A,
Agarwal R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nephrol Dial Transplant</span>
2023 Mar 31;38(4):894-903.
doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfac198.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35700142" target="_blank">35700142</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10064838" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34237774">Mapping the human genetic architecture of COVID-19.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nature</span>
2021 Dec;600(7889):472-477.
Epub 2021 Jul 8
doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03767-x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34237774" target="_blank">34237774</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8674144" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33267610">Myocardial Infarction in the ISCHEMIA Trial: Impact of Different Definitions on Incidence, Prognosis, and Treatment Comparisons.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Chaitman BR,
Alexander KP,
Cyr DD,
Berger JS,
Reynolds HR,
Bangalore S,
Boden WE,
Lopes RD,
Demkow M,
Piero Perna G,
Riezebos RK,
McFalls EO,
Banerjee S,
Bagai A,
Gosselin G,
O'Brien SM,
Rockhold FW,
Waters DD,
Thygesen KA,
Stone GW,
White HD,
Maron DJ,
Hochman JS;
ISCHEMIA Research Group</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Circulation</span>
2021 Feb 23;143(8):790-804.
Epub 2020 Dec 3
doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.047987.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33267610" target="_blank">33267610</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7902479" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33065120">Rationale and design of ApoA-I Event Reducing in Ischemic Syndromes II (AEGIS-II): A phase 3, multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study to investigate the efficacy and safety of CSL112 in subjects after acute myocardial infarction.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Gibson CM,
Kastelein JJP,
Phillips AT,
Aylward PE,
Yee MK,
Tendera M,
Nicholls SJ,
Pocock S,
Goodman SG,
Alexander JH,
Lincoff AM,
Bode C,
Duffy D,
Heise M,
Berman G,
Mears SJ,
Tricoci P,
Deckelbaum LI,
Steg PG,
Ridker P,
Mehran R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am Heart J</span>
2021 Jan;231:121-127.
Epub 2020 Oct 13
doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2020.10.052.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33065120" target="_blank">33065120</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Alexander%20disease%20type%20II%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (80)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36948887">p53 and ovarian carcinoma survival: an Ovarian Tumor Tissue Analysis consortium study.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Köbel M,
Kang EY,
Weir A,
Rambau PF,
Lee CH,
Nelson GS,
Ghatage P,
Meagher NS,
Riggan MJ,
Alsop J,
Anglesio MS,
Beckmann MW,
Bisinotto C,
Boisen M,
Boros J,
Brand AH,
Brooks-Wilson A,
Carney ME,
Coulson P,
Courtney-Brooks M,
Cushing-Haugen KL,
Cybulski C,
Deen S,
El-Bahrawy MA,
Elishaev E,
Erber R,
Fereday S;
AOCS Group,
Fischer A,
Gayther SA,
Barquin-Garcia A,
Gentry-Maharaj A,
Gilks CB,
Gronwald H,
Grube M,
Harnett PR,
Harris HR,
Hartkopf AD,
Hartmann A,
Hein A,
Hendley J,
Hernandez BY,
Huang Y,
Jakubowska A,
Jimenez-Linan M,
Jones ME,
Kennedy CJ,
Kluz T,
Koziak JM,
Lesnock J,
Lester J,
Lubiński J,
Longacre TA,
Lycke M,
Mateoiu C,
McCauley BM,
McGuire V,
Ney B,
Olawaiye A,
Orsulic S,
Osorio A,
Paz-Ares L,
Ramón Y Cajal T,
Rothstein JH,
Ruebner M,
Schoemaker MJ,
Shah M,
Sharma R,
Sherman ME,
Shvetsov YB,
Singh N,
Steed H,
Storr SJ,
Talhouk A,
Traficante N,
Wang C,
Whittemore AS,
Widschwendter M,
Wilkens LR,
Winham SJ,
Benitez J,
Berchuck A,
Bowtell DD,
Candido Dos Reis FJ,
Campbell I,
Cook LS,
DeFazio A,
Doherty JA,
Fasching PA,
Fortner RT,
García MJ,
Goodman MT,
Goode EL,
Gronwald J,
Huntsman DG,
Karlan BY,
Kelemen LE,
Kommoss S,
Le ND,
Martin SG,
Menon U,
Modugno F,
Pharoah PD,
Schildkraut JM,
Sieh W,
Staebler A,
Sundfeldt K,
Swerdlow AJ,
Ramus SJ,
Brenton JD</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Pathol Clin Res</span>
2023 May;9(3):208-222.
Epub 2023 Mar 22
doi: 10.1002/cjp2.311.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36948887" target="_blank">36948887</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10073933" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35758521">ESPGHAN Position Paper on Management and Follow-up of Children and Adolescents With Celiac Disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mearin ML,
Agardh D,
Antunes H,
Al-Toma A,
Auricchio R,
Castillejo G,
Catassi C,
Ciacci C,
Discepolo V,
Dolinsek J,
Donat E,
Gillett P,
Guandalini S,
Husby Md DMSc S,
Koletzko Md S,
Koltai T,
Korponay-Szabó IR,
Kurppa K,
Lionetti E,
Mårild K,
Martinez Ojinaga E,
Meijer C,
Monachesi C,
Polanco I,
Popp A,
Roca M,
Rodriguez-Herrera A,
Shamir R,
Stordal K,
Troncone R,
Valitutti F,
Vreugdenhil A,
Wessels M,
Whiting P;
ESPGHAN Special Interest Group on Celiac Disease</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr</span>
2022 Sep 1;75(3):369-386.
Epub 2022 Jun 27
doi: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000003540.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35758521" target="_blank">35758521</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34349265">Genetic insights into biological mechanisms governing human ovarian ageing.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ruth KS,
Day FR,
Hussain J,
Martínez-Marchal A,
Aiken CE,
Azad A,
Thompson DJ,
Knoblochova L,
Abe H,
Tarry-Adkins JL,
Gonzalez JM,
Fontanillas P,
Claringbould A,
Bakker OB,
Sulem P,
Walters RG,
Terao C,
Turon S,
Horikoshi M,
Lin K,
Onland-Moret NC,
Sankar A,
Hertz EPT,
Timshel PN,
Shukla V,
Borup R,
Olsen KW,
Aguilera P,
Ferrer-Roda M,
Huang Y,
Stankovic S,
Timmers PRHJ,
Ahearn TU,
Alizadeh BZ,
Naderi E,
Andrulis IL,
Arnold AM,
Aronson KJ,
Augustinsson A,
Bandinelli S,
Barbieri CM,
Beaumont RN,
Becher H,
Beckmann MW,
Benonisdottir S,
Bergmann S,
Bochud M,
Boerwinkle E,
Bojesen SE,
Bolla MK,
Boomsma DI,
Bowker N,
Brody JA,
Broer L,
Buring JE,
Campbell A,
Campbell H,
Castelao JE,
Catamo E,
Chanock SJ,
Chenevix-Trench G,
Ciullo M,
Corre T,
Couch FJ,
Cox A,
Crisponi L,
Cross SS,
Cucca F,
Czene K,
Smith GD,
de Geus EJCN,
de Mutsert R,
De Vivo I,
Demerath EW,
Dennis J,
Dunning AM,
Dwek M,
Eriksson M,
Esko T,
Fasching PA,
Faul JD,
Ferrucci L,
Franceschini N,
Frayling TM,
Gago-Dominguez M,
Mezzavilla M,
García-Closas M,
Gieger C,
Giles GG,
Grallert H,
Gudbjartsson DF,
Gudnason V,
Guénel P,
Haiman CA,
Håkansson N,
Hall P,
Hayward C,
He C,
He W,
Heiss G,
Høffding MK,
Hopper JL,
Hottenga JJ,
Hu F,
Hunter D,
Ikram MA,
Jackson RD,
Joaquim MDR,
John EM,
Joshi PK,
Karasik D,
Kardia SLR,
Kartsonaki C,
Karlsson R,
Kitahara CM,
Kolcic I,
Kooperberg C,
Kraft P,
Kurian AW,
Kutalik Z,
La Bianca M,
LaChance G,
Langenberg C,
Launer LJ,
Laven JSE,
Lawlor DA,
Le Marchand L,
Li J,
Lindblom A,
Lindstrom S,
Lindstrom T,
Linet M,
Liu Y,
Liu S,
Luan J,
Mägi R,
Magnusson PKE,
Mangino M,
Mannermaa A,
Marco B,
Marten J,
Martin NG,
Mbarek H,
McKnight B,
Medland SE,
Meisinger C,
Meitinger T,
Menni C,
Metspalu A,
Milani L,
Milne RL,
Montgomery GW,
Mook-Kanamori DO,
Mulas A,
Mulligan AM,
Murray A,
Nalls MA,
Newman A,
Noordam R,
Nutile T,
Nyholt DR,
Olshan AF,
Olsson H,
Painter JN,
Patel AV,
Pedersen NL,
Perjakova N,
Peters A,
Peters U,
Pharoah PDP,
Polasek O,
Porcu E,
Psaty BM,
Rahman I,
Rennert G,
Rennert HS,
Ridker PM,
Ring SM,
Robino A,
Rose LM,
Rosendaal FR,
Rossouw J,
Rudan I,
Rueedi R,
Ruggiero D,
Sala CF,
Saloustros E,
Sandler DP,
Sanna S,
Sawyer EJ,
Sarnowski C,
Schlessinger D,
Schmidt MK,
Schoemaker MJ,
Schraut KE,
Scott C,
Shekari S,
Shrikhande A,
Smith AV,
Smith BH,
Smith JA,
Sorice R,
Southey MC,
Spector TD,
Spinelli JJ,
Stampfer M,
Stöckl D,
van Meurs JBJ,
Strauch K,
Styrkarsdottir U,
Swerdlow AJ,
Tanaka T,
Teras LR,
Teumer A,
Þorsteinsdottir U,
Timpson NJ,
Toniolo D,
Traglia M,
Troester MA,
Truong T,
Tyrrell J,
Uitterlinden AG,
Ulivi S,
Vachon CM,
Vitart V,
Völker U,
Vollenweider P,
Völzke H,
Wang Q,
Wareham NJ,
Weinberg CR,
Weir DR,
Wilcox AN,
van Dijk KW,
Willemsen G,
Wilson JF,
Wolffenbuttel BHR,
Wolk A,
Wood AR,
Zhao W,
Zygmunt M;
Biobank-based Integrative Omics Study (BIOS) Consortium;
eQTLGen Consortium;
Biobank Japan Project;
China Kadoorie Biobank Collaborative Group;
kConFab Investigators;
LifeLines Cohort Study;
InterAct consortium;
23andMe Research Team,
Chen Z,
Li L,
Franke L,
Burgess S,
Deelen P,
Pers TH,
Grøndahl ML,
Andersen CY,
Pujol A,
Lopez-Contreras AJ,
Daniel JA,
Stefansson K,
Chang-Claude J,
van der Schouw YT,
Lunetta KL,
Chasman DI,
Easton DF,
Visser JA,
Ozanne SE,
Namekawa SH,
Solc P,
Murabito JM,
Ong KK,
Hoffmann ER,
Murray A,
Roig I,
Perry JRB</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nature</span>
2021 Aug;596(7872):393-397.
Epub 2021 Aug 4
doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03779-7.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34349265" target="_blank">34349265</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7611832" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33730454">Two Randomized Trials of Neutralizing Antibodies to Prevent HIV-1 Acquisition.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Corey L,
Gilbert PB,
Juraska M,
Montefiori DC,
Morris L,
Karuna ST,
Edupuganti S,
Mgodi NM,
deCamp AC,
Rudnicki E,
Huang Y,
Gonzales P,
Cabello R,
Orrell C,
Lama JR,
Laher F,
Lazarus EM,
Sanchez J,
Frank I,
Hinojosa J,
Sobieszczyk ME,
Marshall KE,
Mukwekwerere PG,
Makhema J,
Baden LR,
Mullins JI,
Williamson C,
Hural J,
McElrath MJ,
Bentley C,
Takuva S,
Gomez Lorenzo MM,
Burns DN,
Espy N,
Randhawa AK,
Kochar N,
Piwowar-Manning E,
Donnell DJ,
Sista N,
Andrew P,
Kublin JG,
Gray G,
Ledgerwood JE,
Mascola JR,
Cohen MS;
HVTN 704/HPTN 085 and HVTN 703/HPTN 081 Study Teams</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">N Engl J Med</span>
2021 Mar 18;384(11):1003-1014.
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2031738.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33730454" target="_blank">33730454</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8189692" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33267610">Myocardial Infarction in the ISCHEMIA Trial: Impact of Different Definitions on Incidence, Prognosis, and Treatment Comparisons.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Chaitman BR,
Alexander KP,
Cyr DD,
Berger JS,
Reynolds HR,
Bangalore S,
Boden WE,
Lopes RD,
Demkow M,
Piero Perna G,
Riezebos RK,
McFalls EO,
Banerjee S,
Bagai A,
Gosselin G,
O'Brien SM,
Rockhold FW,
Waters DD,
Thygesen KA,
Stone GW,
White HD,
Maron DJ,
Hochman JS;
ISCHEMIA Research Group</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Circulation</span>
2021 Feb 23;143(8):790-804.
Epub 2020 Dec 3
doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.047987.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33267610" target="_blank">33267610</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7902479" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Alexander%20disease%20type%20II%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (51)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38588930">Effect of Reconstituted Human Apolipoprotein A-I on Recurrent Ischemic Events in Survivors of Acute MI.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Povsic TJ,
Korjian S,
Bahit MC,
Chi G,
Duffy D,
Alexander JH,
Vinereanu D,
Tricoci P,
Mears SJ,
Deckelbaum LI,
Bonaca M,
Ridker PM,
Goodman SG,
Cornel JH,
Lewis BS,
Parkhomenko A,
Lopes RD,
Aylward P,
Lincoff AM,
Heise M,
Sacks F,
Nicolau JC,
Merkely B,
Trebacz J,
Libby P,
Nicholls SJ,
Pocock S,
Bhatt DL,
Kastelein J,
Bode C,
Mahaffey KW,
Steg PG,
Tendera M,
Bainey KR,
Harrington RA,
Mehran R,
Duerschmied D,
Kingwell BA,
Gibson CM;
AEGIS-II Committees and Investigators</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Am Coll Cardiol</span>
2024 Jun 4;83(22):2163-2174.
Epub 2024 Apr 6
doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2024.03.396.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38588930" target="_blank">38588930</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35980381">Heterozygous variants in MYH10 associated with neurodevelopmental disorders and congenital anomalies with evidence for primary cilia-dependent defects in Hedgehog signaling.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Holtz AM,
VanCoillie R,
Vansickle EA,
Carere DA,
Withrow K,
Torti E,
Juusola J,
Millan F,
Person R,
Guillen Sacoto MJ,
Si Y,
Wentzensen IM,
Pugh J,
Vasileiou G,
Rieger M,
Reis A,
Argilli E,
Sherr EH,
Aldinger KA,
Dobyns WB,
Brunet T,
Hoefele J,
Wagner M,
Haber B,
Kotzaeridou U,
Keren B,
Heron D,
Mignot C,
Heide S,
Courtin T,
Buratti J,
Murugasen S,
Donald KA,
O'Heir E,
Moody S,
Kim KH,
Burton BK,
Yoon G,
Campo MD,
Masser-Frye D,
Kozenko M,
Parkinson C,
Sell SL,
Gordon PL,
Prokop JW,
Karaa A,
Bupp C,
Raby BA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Genet Med</span>
2022 Oct;24(10):2065-2078.
Epub 2022 Aug 18
doi: 10.1016/j.gim.2022.07.005.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35980381" target="_blank">35980381</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10765599" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34001645">Diagnostic accuracy of non-invasive tests for advanced fibrosis in patients with NAFLD: an individual patient data meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mózes FE,
Lee JA,
Selvaraj EA,
Jayaswal ANA,
Trauner M,
Boursier J,
Fournier C,
Staufer K,
Stauber RE,
Bugianesi E,
Younes R,
Gaia S,
Lupșor-Platon M,
Petta S,
Shima T,
Okanoue T,
Mahadeva S,
Chan WK,
Eddowes PJ,
Hirschfield GM,
Newsome PN,
Wong VW,
de Ledinghen V,
Fan J,
Shen F,
Cobbold JF,
Sumida Y,
Okajima A,
Schattenberg JM,
Labenz C,
Kim W,
Lee MS,
Wiegand J,
Karlas T,
Yılmaz Y,
Aithal GP,
Palaniyappan N,
Cassinotto C,
Aggarwal S,
Garg H,
Ooi GJ,
Nakajima A,
Yoneda M,
Ziol M,
Barget N,
Geier A,
Tuthill T,
Brosnan MJ,
Anstee QM,
Neubauer S,
Harrison SA,
Bossuyt PM,
Pavlides M;
LITMUS Investigators</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Gut</span>
2022 May;71(5):1006-1019.
Epub 2021 May 17
doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-324243.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34001645" target="_blank">34001645</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8995830" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/15749232">Serine protease inhibitor kazal type 1 mutations and pancreatitis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Schneider A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Lab Med</span>
2005 Mar;25(1):61-78.
doi: 10.1016/j.cll.2004.12.005.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/15749232" target="_blank">15749232</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/15528018">Serine protease inhibitor Kazal type 1 mutations and pancreatitis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Schneider A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Gastroenterol Clin North Am</span>
2004 Dec;33(4):789-806.
doi: 10.1016/j.gtc.2004.07.005.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/15528018" target="_blank">15528018</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Alexander%20disease%20type%20II%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (83)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_104">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_systematic_reviews">Recent systematic reviews</h1><a sid="104" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37548568">Traumatic vertebral artery injury: Denver grade, bilaterality, and stroke risk. A systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Michalopoulos GD,
Pennington Z,
Bambakidis P,
Alexander AY,
Lakomkin N,
Charalampous C,
Sammak SE,
Hassett LC,
Graepel S,
Meyer FB,
Bydon M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Neurosurg</span>
2024 Feb 1;140(2):522-536.
Epub 2023 Jul 28
doi: 10.3171/2023.5.JNS222818.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37548568" target="_blank">37548568</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Alexander%20disease%20type%20II%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1)</a></div></div>
</div>
</div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
<div id="messagearea_bottom">
</div>
<div class=" bottom">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="supplemental col three_col last">
<h2 class="offscreen_noflow">Supplemental Content</h2>
<div>
<!-- MedGen supplemental column starts here -->
<div class="rightCol mgCol">
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_113">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Table_of_contents">Table of contents</h1><a sid="113" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul id="my-toc"></ul></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_119">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_resources">Clinical resources</h1><a sid="119" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?Expert=363722" target="_blank">Orphanet</a></li><li><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=Alexander%20disease%20type%20II" target="_blank">ClinicalTrials.gov</a></li></ul></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_121">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Practice_guidelines">Practice guidelines</h1><a sid="121" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(alexander%20disease%20type%20ii)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">PubMed</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li><li><a target="_blank" href="/books/?term=((%22clinical%20guidelines%22%5BResource%20Type%5D)%20OR%20%22practice%20guideline%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)%20AND%20(%22Alexander%20disease%20type%20II%22)">Bookshelf</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li></ul></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_116">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Consumer_resources">Consumer resources</h1><a sid="116" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://vsearch.nlm.nih.gov/vivisimo/cgi-bin/query-meta?v:project=medlineplus&amp;query=Alexander%20disease%20type%20II" target="_blank">MedlinePlus</a></li><li><a href="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/17573/disease" target="_blank">NCATS Office of Rare Diseases Research (GARD)</a></li></ul></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="portlet brieflink">
<div class="portlet_head">
<div class="portlet_title">
<h3>Reviews</h3>
</div>
<a name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_SingleItemSuplCluster.MedGenReviews.Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="Reviews" id="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_SingleItemSuplCluster.MedGenReviews.Shutter"></a>
</div>
<div class="portlet_content">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/pubmed/clinical?term=Alexander%20disease%20type%20II" ref="ncbi_uid=&amp;discoId=gtr_reviews&amp;linkpos=1&amp;linkpostotal=2" target="_blank">PubMed Clinical Queries</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/pubmed?term=Alexander%20disease%20type%20II%20AND%20humans[mesh]%20AND%20review[publication%20type]" ref="ncbi_uid=&amp;discoId=gtr_reviews&amp;linkpos=2&amp;linkpostotal=2" target="_blank">Reviews in PubMed</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<!-- MedGen supplemental column ends here -->
<div class="portlet brieflink">
<div class="portlet_head">
<div class="portlet_title">
<h3>Related information</h3>
</div>
<a name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_SingleItemSuplCluster.MedGenDiscoveryDbLinks.Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="discovery_db_links" id="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_SingleItemSuplCluster.MedGenDiscoveryDbLinks.Shutter"></a>
</div>
<div class="portlet_content DiscoveryDbLinks">
<ul>
<li class="brieflinkpopper">
<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pmc?LinkName=medgen_pmc&amp;from_uid=1842714" ref="log$=recordlinks">PMC Articles</a>
<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Related information in PubMed Central Links</div>
</li>
<li class="brieflinkpopper">
<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed&amp;from_uid=1842714" ref="log$=recordlinks">PubMed</a>
<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Related literature resources in PubMed</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="portlet">
<div class="portlet_head">
<div class="portlet_title">
<h3>Recent activity</h3>
</div>
<a name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.HistoryDisplay.Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="recent_activity" id="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.HistoryDisplay.Shutter"></a>
</div>
<div class="portlet_content">
<div id="HTDisplay" class="">
<input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.HistoryDisplay.Cmd" sid="1" type="hidden" />
<div class="action">
<a name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.HistoryDisplay.ClearHistory" sid="1" realname="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.HistoryDisplay.ClearHistory" cmd="ClearHT" href="?cmd=ClearHT&amp;" onclick="return false;" id="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.HistoryDisplay.ClearHistory">
Clear
</a>
<a name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.HistoryDisplay.HistoryToggle" sid="1" realname="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.HistoryDisplay.HistoryToggle" class="HTOn" cmd="HTOff" href="?cmd=HTOff&amp;" onclick="return false;" id="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.HistoryDisplay.HistoryToggle">
Turn Off
</a>
<a name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.HistoryDisplay.HistoryToggle" sid="2" realname="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.HistoryDisplay.HistoryToggle" class="HTOff" cmd="HTOn" href="?cmd=HTOn&amp;" onclick="return false;" id="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.HistoryDisplay.HistoryToggle">
Turn On
</a>
</div>
<ul id="activity">
<li class="ra_rcd ralinkpopper two_line">
<a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&amp;linkpos=1" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67d2e67b67c23b31e05703f1">Alexander disease type II</a>
<div class="ralinkpop offscreen_noflow">Alexander disease type II<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"></div></div>
<div class="tertiary">MedGen</div>
</li>
<li class="ra_rcd ralinkpopper two_line">
<a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&amp;linkpos=2" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67d2e6772f30673f7b89131a">Alexander disease type I</a>
<div class="ralinkpop offscreen_noflow">Alexander disease type I<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"></div></div>
<div class="tertiary">MedGen</div>
</li>
<li class="ra_rcd ralinkpopper two_line">
<a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&amp;linkpos=3" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67d2e67484f3725e59d89373">Hereditary Central Nervous System Demyelinating Diseases</a>
<div class="ralinkpop offscreen_noflow">Hereditary Central Nervous System Demyelinating Diseases<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"></div></div>
<div class="tertiary">MedGen</div>
</li>
<li class="ra_rcd ralinkpopper two_line">
<a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&amp;linkpos=4" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67d2e6712f30673f7b88e27b">Brain Diseases, Metabolic, Inborn</a>
<div class="ralinkpop offscreen_noflow">Brain Diseases, Metabolic, Inborn<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"></div></div>
<div class="tertiary">MedGen</div>
</li>
<li class="ra_rcd ralinkpopper two_line">
<a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&amp;linkpos=5" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67d2e66ccde49f3df76dde37">Inborn errors of metabolism</a>
<div class="ralinkpop offscreen_noflow">Inborn errors of metabolism<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"></div></div>
<div class="tertiary">MedGen</div>
</li>
</ul>
<p class="HTOn">Your browsing activity is empty.</p>
<p class="HTOff">Activity recording is turned off.</p>
<p id="turnOn" class="HTOff">
<a name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.HistoryDisplay.HistoryOn" sid="1" realname="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.HistoryDisplay.HistoryOn" cmd="HTOn" href="?cmd=HTOn&amp;" onclick="return false;" id="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.HistoryDisplay.HistoryOn">Turn recording back on</a>
</p>
<a class="seemore" href="/sites/myncbi/recentactivity">See more...</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="NCBIFooter_dynamic">
<!--<component id="NCBIBreadcrumbs"/>
<component id="NCBIHelpDesk"/>-->
<noscript><img alt="" src="/stat?jsdisabled=true&amp;ncbi_app=entrez&amp;ncbi_db=medgen&amp;ncbi_pdid=FullReport&amp;ncbi_phid=CE8CD7FC7D2DAC710000000000FC00C5" /></noscript>
</div>
<div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="footer" id="footer" xml:base="http://127.0.0.1/sites/static/header_footer/">
<section class="icon-section">
<div id="icon-section-header" class="icon-section_header">Follow NCBI</div>
<div class="grid-container container">
<div class="icon-section_container">
<a class="footer-icon" id="footer_twitter" href="https://twitter.com/ncbi" aria-label="Twitter">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" fill="none">
<title>Twitter</title>
<g id="twitterx1008">
<path id="path1008" d="M6.06736 7L16.8778 20.8991L6.00001 32.2H10.2L18.6 23.1L25.668 32.2H34L22.8 17.5L31.9 7H28.4L20.7 15.4L14.401 7H6.06898H6.06736ZM9.66753 8.73423H12.9327L29.7327 30.4658H26.5697L9.66753 8.73423Z" fill="#5B616B"></path>
</g>
</svg>
</a>
<a class="footer-icon" id="footer_facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/ncbi.nlm" aria-label="Facebook"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" data-name="Layer 1" viewBox="0 0 300 300">
<title>Facebook</title>
<path class="cls-11" d="M210.5,115.12H171.74V97.82c0-8.14,5.39-10,9.19-10h27.14V52l-39.32-.12c-35.66,0-42.42,26.68-42.42,43.77v19.48H99.09v36.32h27.24v109h45.41v-109h35Z">
</path>
</svg></a>
<a class="footer-icon" id="footer_linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/ncbinlm" aria-label="LinkedIn"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" data-name="Layer 1" viewBox="0 0 300 300">
<title>LinkedIn</title>
<path class="cls-11" d="M101.64,243.37H57.79v-114h43.85Zm-22-131.54h-.26c-13.25,0-21.82-10.36-21.82-21.76,0-11.65,8.84-21.15,22.33-21.15S101.7,78.72,102,90.38C102,101.77,93.4,111.83,79.63,111.83Zm100.93,52.61A17.54,17.54,0,0,0,163,182v61.39H119.18s.51-105.23,0-114H163v13a54.33,54.33,0,0,1,34.54-12.66c26,0,44.39,18.8,44.39,55.29v58.35H198.1V182A17.54,17.54,0,0,0,180.56,164.44Z">
</path>
</svg></a>
<a class="footer-icon" id="footer_github" href="https://github.com/ncbi" aria-label="GitHub"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" data-name="Layer 1" viewBox="0 0 300 300">
<defs>
<style>
.cls-11,
.cls-12 {
fill: #737373;
}
.cls-11 {
fill-rule: evenodd;
}
</style>
</defs>
<title>GitHub</title>
<path class="cls-11" d="M151.36,47.28a105.76,105.76,0,0,0-33.43,206.1c5.28,1,7.22-2.3,7.22-5.09,0-2.52-.09-10.85-.14-19.69-29.42,6.4-35.63-12.48-35.63-12.48-4.81-12.22-11.74-15.47-11.74-15.47-9.59-6.56.73-6.43.73-6.43,10.61.75,16.21,10.9,16.21,10.9,9.43,16.17,24.73,11.49,30.77,8.79,1-6.83,3.69-11.5,6.71-14.14C108.57,197.1,83.88,188,83.88,147.51a40.92,40.92,0,0,1,10.9-28.39c-1.1-2.66-4.72-13.42,1-28,0,0,8.88-2.84,29.09,10.84a100.26,100.26,0,0,1,53,0C198,88.3,206.9,91.14,206.9,91.14c5.76,14.56,2.14,25.32,1,28a40.87,40.87,0,0,1,10.89,28.39c0,40.62-24.74,49.56-48.29,52.18,3.79,3.28,7.17,9.71,7.17,19.58,0,14.15-.12,25.54-.12,29,0,2.82,1.9,6.11,7.26,5.07A105.76,105.76,0,0,0,151.36,47.28Z">
</path>
<path class="cls-12" d="M85.66,199.12c-.23.52-1.06.68-1.81.32s-1.2-1.06-.95-1.59,1.06-.69,1.82-.33,1.21,1.07.94,1.6Zm-1.3-1">
</path>
<path class="cls-12" d="M90,203.89c-.51.47-1.49.25-2.16-.49a1.61,1.61,0,0,1-.31-2.19c.52-.47,1.47-.25,2.17.49s.82,1.72.3,2.19Zm-1-1.08">
</path>
<path class="cls-12" d="M94.12,210c-.65.46-1.71,0-2.37-.91s-.64-2.07,0-2.52,1.7,0,2.36.89.65,2.08,0,2.54Zm0,0"></path>
<path class="cls-12" d="M99.83,215.87c-.58.64-1.82.47-2.72-.41s-1.18-2.06-.6-2.7,1.83-.46,2.74.41,1.2,2.07.58,2.7Zm0,0">
</path>
<path class="cls-12" d="M107.71,219.29c-.26.82-1.45,1.2-2.64.85s-2-1.34-1.74-2.17,1.44-1.23,2.65-.85,2,1.32,1.73,2.17Zm0,0">
</path>
<path class="cls-12" d="M116.36,219.92c0,.87-1,1.59-2.24,1.61s-2.29-.68-2.3-1.54,1-1.59,2.26-1.61,2.28.67,2.28,1.54Zm0,0">
</path>
<path class="cls-12" d="M124.42,218.55c.15.85-.73,1.72-2,1.95s-2.37-.3-2.52-1.14.73-1.75,2-2,2.37.29,2.53,1.16Zm0,0"></path>
</svg></a>
<a class="footer-icon" id="footer_blog" href="https://ncbiinsights.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" aria-label="Blog">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" viewBox="0 0 40 40">
<defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#737373;}</style></defs>
<title>NCBI Insights Blog</title>
<path class="cls-1" d="M14,30a4,4,0,1,1-4-4,4,4,0,0,1,4,4Zm11,3A19,19,0,0,0,7.05,15a1,1,0,0,0-1,1v3a1,1,0,0,0,.93,1A14,14,0,0,1,20,33.07,1,1,0,0,0,21,34h3a1,1,0,0,0,1-1Zm9,0A28,28,0,0,0,7,6,1,1,0,0,0,6,7v3a1,1,0,0,0,1,1A23,23,0,0,1,29,33a1,1,0,0,0,1,1h3A1,1,0,0,0,34,33Z"></path>
</svg>
</a>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="container-fluid bg-primary">
<div class="container pt-5">
<div class="row mt-3">
<div class="col-lg-3 col-12">
<p><a class="text-white" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/socialmedia/index.html">Connect with NLM</a></p>
<ul class="list-inline social_media">
<li class="list-inline-item"><a href="https://twitter.com/NLM_NIH" aria-label="Twitter" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="35" height="35" viewBox="0 0 36 35" fill="none">
<title>Twitter</title>
<g id="twitterx1009" clip-path="url(#clip0_65276_3946)">
<path id="Vector_Twitter" d="M17.5006 34.6565C26.9761 34.6565 34.6575 26.9751 34.6575 17.4996C34.6575 8.02416 26.9761 0.342773 17.5006 0.342773C8.02514 0.342773 0.34375 8.02416 0.34375 17.4996C0.34375 26.9751 8.02514 34.6565 17.5006 34.6565Z" fill="#205493" stroke="white" stroke-width="1.0" stroke-miterlimit="10"></path>
<path id="path1009" d="M8.54811 8.5L16.2698 18.4279L8.50001 26.5H11.5L17.5 20L22.5486 26.5H28.5L20.5 16L27 8.5H24.5L19 14.5L14.5007 8.5H8.54927H8.54811ZM11.1197 9.73873H13.4519L25.4519 25.2613H23.1926L11.1197 9.73873Z" fill="white"></path>
</g>
<defs>
<clipPath id="clip0_65276_3946">
<rect width="35" height="35" fill="white"></rect>
</clipPath>
</defs>
</svg>
</a></li>
<li class="list-inline-item"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/nationallibraryofmedicine" aria-label="Facebook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="35" height="35" viewBox="0 0 36 35" fill="none">
<title>Facebook</title>
<g id="Facebook" clip-path="url(#clip0_1717_1086)">
<path id="Vector_Facebook" d="M15.1147 29.1371C15.1147 29.0822 15.1147 29.0296 15.1147 28.9747V18.9414H11.8183C11.6719 18.9414 11.6719 18.9414 11.6719 18.8018C11.6719 17.5642 11.6719 16.3289 11.6719 15.0937C11.6719 14.9793 11.7062 14.9518 11.816 14.9518C12.8683 14.9518 13.9206 14.9518 14.9751 14.9518H15.1215V14.8329C15.1215 13.8057 15.1215 12.774 15.1215 11.7492C15.1274 10.9262 15.3148 10.1146 15.6706 9.37241C16.1301 8.38271 16.9475 7.60378 17.9582 7.19235C18.6492 6.90525 19.3923 6.76428 20.1405 6.7783C21.0029 6.79202 21.8653 6.83091 22.7278 6.86065C22.8879 6.86065 23.048 6.89496 23.2082 6.90182C23.2974 6.90182 23.3271 6.94071 23.3271 7.02993C23.3271 7.54235 23.3271 8.05477 23.3271 8.5649C23.3271 9.16882 23.3271 9.77274 23.3271 10.3767C23.3271 10.4819 23.2974 10.5139 23.1921 10.5116C22.5379 10.5116 21.8814 10.5116 21.2271 10.5116C20.9287 10.5184 20.6316 10.5528 20.3395 10.6146C20.0822 10.6619 19.8463 10.7891 19.6653 10.9779C19.4842 11.1668 19.3672 11.4078 19.3307 11.6669C19.2857 11.893 19.2612 12.1226 19.2575 12.3531C19.2575 13.1904 19.2575 14.0299 19.2575 14.8695C19.2575 14.8946 19.2575 14.9198 19.2575 14.9564H23.0229C23.1807 14.9564 23.183 14.9564 23.1624 15.1074C23.0778 15.7662 22.9885 16.425 22.9039 17.0816C22.8322 17.6321 22.7636 18.1827 22.698 18.7332C22.6729 18.9437 22.6797 18.9437 22.4693 18.9437H19.2644V28.8992C19.2644 28.9793 19.2644 29.0593 19.2644 29.1394L15.1147 29.1371Z" fill="white"></path>
<path id="Vector_2_Facebook" d="M17.5006 34.657C26.9761 34.657 34.6575 26.9756 34.6575 17.5001C34.6575 8.02465 26.9761 0.343262 17.5006 0.343262C8.02514 0.343262 0.34375 8.02465 0.34375 17.5001C0.34375 26.9756 8.02514 34.657 17.5006 34.657Z" stroke="white" stroke-width="1.0" stroke-miterlimit="10"></path>
</g>
<defs>
<clipPath id="clip0_1717_1086">
<rect width="35" height="35" fill="white"></rect>
</clipPath>
</defs>
</svg>
</a></li>
<li class="list-inline-item"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/NLMNIH" aria-label="Youtube" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="35" height="35" viewBox="0 0 36 35" fill="none">
<title>Youtube</title>
<g id="YouTube" clip-path="url(#clip0_1717_1101)">
<path id="Vector_Youtube" d="M26.2571 11.4791C25.9025 11.1589 25.5709 10.9576 24.228 10.834C22.5512 10.6785 20.2797 10.6556 18.564 10.6533H16.4365C14.7208 10.6533 12.4493 10.6785 10.7725 10.834C9.43196 10.9576 9.09798 11.1589 8.7434 11.4791C7.81464 12.321 7.6202 14.6268 7.59961 16.8938C7.59961 17.3178 7.59961 17.741 7.59961 18.1635C7.62706 20.4121 7.82837 22.686 8.7434 23.521C9.09798 23.8412 9.42967 24.0425 10.7725 24.1661C12.4493 24.3216 14.7208 24.3445 16.4365 24.3468H18.564C20.2797 24.3468 22.5512 24.3216 24.228 24.1661C25.5686 24.0425 25.9025 23.8412 26.2571 23.521C27.1722 22.6929 27.3735 20.451 27.4009 18.2206C27.4009 17.7402 27.4009 17.2599 27.4009 16.7795C27.3735 14.5491 27.1699 12.3072 26.2571 11.4791ZM15.5604 20.5311V14.652L20.561 17.5001L15.5604 20.5311Z" fill="white"></path>
<path id="Vector_2_Youtube" d="M17.5006 34.657C26.9761 34.657 34.6575 26.9756 34.6575 17.5001C34.6575 8.02465 26.9761 0.343262 17.5006 0.343262C8.02514 0.343262 0.34375 8.02465 0.34375 17.5001C0.34375 26.9756 8.02514 34.657 17.5006 34.657Z" stroke="white" stroke-width="1.0" stroke-miterlimit="10"></path>
</g>
<defs>
<clipPath id="clip0_1717_1101">
<rect width="35" height="35" fill="white"></rect>
</clipPath>
</defs>
</svg>
</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-3 col-12">
<p class="address_footer text-white">National Library of Medicine<br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/8600+Rockville+Pike,+Bethesda,+MD+20894/@38.9959508,-77.101021,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x89b7c95e25765ddb:0x19156f88b27635b8!8m2!3d38.9959508!4d-77.0988323" class="text-white" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">8600 Rockville Pike<br />
Bethesda, MD 20894</a></p>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-3 col-12 centered-lg">
<p><a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/web_policies.html" class="text-white">Web Policies</a><br />
<a href="https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/freedom-information-act-office" class="text-white">FOIA</a><br />
<a href="https://www.hhs.gov/vulnerability-disclosure-policy/index.html" class="text-white" id="vdp">HHS Vulnerability Disclosure</a></p>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-3 col-12 centered-lg">
<p><a class="supportLink text-white" href="https://support.nlm.nih.gov/">Help</a><br />
<a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/accessibility.html" class="text-white">Accessibility</a><br />
<a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/careers/careers.html" class="text-white">Careers</a></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-12 centered-lg">
<nav class="bottom-links">
<ul class="mt-3">
<li>
<a class="text-white" href="//www.nlm.nih.gov/">NLM</a>
</li>
<li>
<a class="text-white" href="https://www.nih.gov/">NIH</a>
</li>
<li>
<a class="text-white" href="https://www.hhs.gov/">HHS</a>
</li>
<li>
<a class="text-white" href="https://www.usa.gov/">USA.gov</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/rlib/js/InstrumentOmnitureBaseJS/InstrumentNCBIConfigJS/InstrumentNCBIBaseJS/InstrumentPageStarterJS.js?v=1"> </script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/static/js/hfjs2.js"> </script>
</div>
</div>
<div><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.DbConnector.Db" sid="1" type="hidden" value="medgen" /><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.DbConnector.LastDb" sid="1" type="hidden" value="medgen" /><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.DbConnector.Term" sid="1" type="hidden" value="" /><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.DbConnector.LastTabCmd" sid="1" type="hidden" value="" /><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.DbConnector.LastQueryKey" sid="1" type="hidden" value="2808" /><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.DbConnector.IdsFromResult" sid="1" type="hidden" value="" /><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.DbConnector.LastIdsFromResult" sid="1" type="hidden" value="" /><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.DbConnector.LinkName" sid="1" type="hidden" /><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.DbConnector.LinkReadableName" sid="1" type="hidden" /><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.DbConnector.LinkSrcDb" sid="1" type="hidden" /><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.DbConnector.Cmd" sid="1" type="hidden" /><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.DbConnector.TabCmd" sid="1" type="hidden" /><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.DbConnector.QueryKey" sid="1" type="hidden" /></div>
<input type="hidden" name="p$a" id="p$a" /><input type="hidden" name="p$l" id="p$l" value="EntrezSystem2" /><input type="hidden" name="p$st" id="p$st" value="medgen" /><input name="SessionId" id="SessionId" value="CE8B5AF87C7FFCB1_0191SID" disabled="disabled" type="hidden" /><input name="Snapshot" id="Snapshot" value="/projects/Phenotype/MedGen/MedGen@6.14" disabled="disabled" type="hidden" /></form>
</div>
</div>
<!-- CE8B5AF87C7FFCB1_0191SID /projects/Phenotype/MedGen/MedGen@6.14 portal105 v4.1.r689238 Tue, Oct 22 2024 16:10:51 -->
<span id="portal-csrf-token" style="display:none" data-token="CE8B5AF87C7FFCB1_0191SID"></span>
<script type='text/javascript' src='/portal/js/portal.js'></script><script type="text/javascript" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/js/4221766/3812534/4212053/3812535/3781605/4186313/2499590/3758627/4078478/3908752/3423/4018706/3891418/4212356/4078480/4078479/4025341/4076482/31971/35962/2733373/33966/3397055/4001808.js" snapshot="medgen"></script></body>
</html>