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<!--
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UID=1702649
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ConceptID=C5200994
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-->
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<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Increased circulating prolactin concentration</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1702649</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5200994</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
|
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<td>Hyperprolactinaemia; Hyperprolactinemia; Prolactin excess</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
|
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<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000870">HP:0000870</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln">The presence of abnormally increased levels of prolactin in the blood. Prolactin is a peptide hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that plays a role in breast development and lactation during pregnancy. [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
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<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test, </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test, </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM, </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>, </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline">Increased circulating prolactin concentration</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/233128" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal Blood Chemistry and Hematology Test Result">Abnormal Blood Chemistry and Hematology Test Result</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Increased circulating prolactin concentration</span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
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</div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
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||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_9957"><div><strong>Multiple endocrine neoplasia, type 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>9957</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0025267</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Neoplastic Process</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) includes varying combinations of more than 20 endocrine and non-endocrine tumors. Endocrine tumors become evident either by overproduction of hormones by the tumor or by growth of the tumor itself. Parathyroid tumors are the most common MEN1-associated endocrinopathy; onset in 90% of individuals is between ages 20 and 25 years with hypercalcemia evident by age 50 years; hypercalcemia causes lethargy, depression, confusion, anorexia, constipation, nausea, vomiting, diuresis, dehydration, hypercalciuria, kidney stones, increased bone resorption/fracture risk, hypertension, and shortened QT interval. Pituitary tumors include prolactinoma (the most common), which manifests as oligomenorrhea/amenorrhea and galactorrhea in females and sexual dysfunction in males. Well-differentiated endocrine tumors of the gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) tract can manifest as Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma); hypoglycemia (insulinoma); hyperglycemia, anorexia, glossitis, anemia, diarrhea, venous thrombosis, and skin rash (glucagonoma); and watery diarrhea, hypokalemia, and achlorhydria syndrome (vasoactive intestinal peptide [VIP]-secreting tumor). Carcinoid tumors are non-hormone-secreting and can manifest as a large mass after age 50 years. Adrenocortical tumors can be associated with primary hypercortisolism or hyperaldosteronism. Non-endocrine tumors include facial angiofibromas, collagenomas, lipomas, meningiomas, ependymomas, and leiomyomas.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/9957">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_69164"><div><strong>McCune-Albright syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>69164</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0242292</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Fibrous dysplasia / McCune-Albright syndrome (FD/MAS), the result of an early embryonic postzygotic somatic activating pathogenic variant in GNAS (encoding the cAMP pathway-associated G protein Gas [Gs alpha subunit]), is characterized by involvement of the skin, skeleton, and certain endocrine organs. However, because Gas signaling is ubiquitous, additional tissues may be affected. Hyperpigmented skin macules are common and are usually the first manifestation of the disease, apparent at or shortly after birth. Fibrous dysplasia (FD), which can involve any part and combination of the craniofacial, axial, and/or appendicular skeleton, can range from an isolated, asymptomatic monostotic lesion discovered incidentally to severe, disabling polyostotic disease involving practically the entire skeleton and leading to progressive scoliosis, facial deformity, and loss of mobility, vision, and/or hearing. Endocrinopathies include gonadotropin-independent precocious puberty resulting from recurrent ovarian cysts in girls and autonomous testosterone production in boys; testicular lesions with or without associated gonadotropin-independent precocious puberty; thyroid lesions with or without non-autoimmune hyperthyroidism; growth hormone excess; FGF23-mediated phosphate wasting with or without hypophosphatemia in association with fibrous dysplasia; and neonatal hypercortisolism.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/69164">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_856021"><div><strong>X-linked acrogigantism due to Xq26 microduplication</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>856021</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3891556</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">X-linked acrogigantism is the occurrence of pituitary gigantism in an individual heterozygous or hemizygous for a germline or somatic duplication of GPR101. X-linked acrogigantism is characterized by acceleration of linear growth in early childhood – in most cases during the first two years of life – due to growth hormone (GH) excess. Most individuals with X-linked acrogigantism present with associated hyperprolactinemia due to a mixed GH- and prolactin-secreting pituitary adenoma with or without associated hyperplasia; less commonly they develop diffuse hyperplasia of the GH- and prolactin-secreting pituitary cells without a pituitary adenoma. Most affected individuals are females. Growth acceleration is the main presenting feature; other frequently observed clinical features include enlargement of hands and feet, coarsening of the facial features, and increased appetite. Neurologic signs or symptoms are rarely present. Untreated X-linked acrogigantism can lead to markedly increased stature, with obvious severe physical and psychological sequelae.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/856021">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1618709"><div><strong>Somatotroph adenoma</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1618709</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4538355</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Neoplastic Process</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">AIP familial isolated pituitary adenoma (AIP-FIPA) is characterized by an increased risk of pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs, also known as pituitary adenomas), including growth hormone (GH)-secreting PitNETs (somatotropinomas), prolactin-secreting PitNETs (prolactinomas), GH and prolactin cosecreting PitNETs (somatomammotropinomas), and clinically nonfunctioning PitNETs (NF-PitNETs). Rarely, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)-secreting PitNETs (thyrotropinomas) are observed. Clinical findings result from excess hormone secretion, lack of hormone secretion, and/or mass effects (e.g., headaches, visual field loss). Within the same family, PitNETs can be of the same or different type. Age of diagnosis in AIP-FIPA is usually in the second or third decade.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1618709">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1620960"><div><strong>Mitochondrial myopathy-cerebellar ataxia-pigmentary retinopathy syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1620960</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4540096</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Mitochondrial myopathy and ataxia (MMYAT) is an autosomal recessive mtDNA depletion disorder characterized by cerebellar ataxia, congenital muscle involvement with histologic findings ranging from myopathic to dystrophic, and pigmentary retinopathy (summary by Donkervoort et al., 2019).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1620960">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1620824"><div><strong>Pituitary adenoma 3, multiple types</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1620824</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4540135</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Neoplastic Process</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Somatic mutations in the GNAS gene have been found predominantly in GH-secreting pituitary adenomas but also in ACTH-secreting adenomas. Mutations in the GNAS gene have been found in about 40% of sporadic somatotrophin adenomas (summary by Mete and Lopes, 2017). For a general description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of pituitary adenomas, see PITA1 (102200).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1620824">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1645317"><div><strong>Familial hyperprolactinemia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1645317</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4706551</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A rare genetic endocrine disorder characterized by persistently high prolactin serum levels (not associated with gestation, puerperium, drug intake or pituitary tumor) in multiple affected family members. Clinically it manifests with signs usually observed in hyperprolactinemia, which are: secondary medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA)-negative amenorrhea and galactorrhea in female patients, and hypogonadism and decreased testosterone level-driven sexual disfunction in male patients. Oligomenorrhea and primary infertility have also been reported in some female patients.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1645317">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1645317" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Familial hyperprolactinemia</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_69164" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">McCune-Albright syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1620960" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mitochondrial myopathy-cerebellar ataxia-pigmentary retinopathy syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_9957" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Multiple endocrine neoplasia, type 1</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1620824" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Pituitary adenoma 3, multiple types</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1618709" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Somatotroph adenoma</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_856021" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">X-linked acrogigantism due to Xq26 microduplication</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/8797634">Anterior pituitary function during critical illness and dopamine treatment.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Van den Berghe G,
|
||
de Zegher F</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Crit Care Med</span>
|
||
1996 Sep;24(9):1580-90.
|
||
doi: 10.1097/00003246-199609000-00024.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/8797634" target="_blank">8797634</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/1541317">Short-term effects of treatment with simvastatin on testicular function in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Purvis K,
|
||
Tollefsrud A,
|
||
Rui H,
|
||
Haug E,
|
||
Norseth J,
|
||
Viksmoen L,
|
||
Ose L,
|
||
Lund H</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Clin Pharmacol</span>
|
||
1992;42(1):61-4.
|
||
doi: 10.1007/BF00314921.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/1541317" target="_blank">1541317</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/7426491">Prolactin changes in maternal plasma following termination by vacuum curettage and the effect of bromocriptine treatment on these changes.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ylikorkala O,
|
||
Rönnberg L</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Br J Obstet Gynaecol</span>
|
||
1980 Oct;87(10):911-5.
|
||
doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1980.tb04448.x.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/7426491" target="_blank">7426491</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(increased%20circulating%20prolactin%20concentration)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (5)</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
|
||
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36849108">Prolactin is a Key Factor for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Obese Children.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Zhang J,
|
||
Guan J,
|
||
Tang X,
|
||
Xu J</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Horm Metab Res</span>
|
||
2023 Apr;55(4):251-255.
|
||
Epub 2023 Feb 27
|
||
doi: 10.1055/a-2043-1044.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36849108" target="_blank">36849108</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10076105" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35666146">Prolactin and Maternal Metabolism in Women With a Recent GDM Pregnancy and Links to Future T2D: The SWIFT Study.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Zhang Z,
|
||
Piro AL,
|
||
Allalou A,
|
||
Alexeeff SE,
|
||
Dai FF,
|
||
Gunderson EP,
|
||
Wheeler MB</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Clin Endocrinol Metab</span>
|
||
2022 Aug 18;107(9):2652-2665.
|
||
doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgac346.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35666146" target="_blank">35666146</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9387721" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32849258">Effects of Metabolic Syndrome on Semen Quality and Circulating Sex Hormones: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Zhao L,
|
||
Pang A</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)</span>
|
||
2020;11:428.
|
||
Epub 2020 Aug 11
|
||
doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00428.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32849258" target="_blank">32849258</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7431460" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/18246319">Prolactin and breast cancer etiology: an epidemiologic perspective.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Tworoger SS,
|
||
Hankinson SE</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia</span>
|
||
2008 Mar;13(1):41-53.
|
||
Epub 2008 Feb 2
|
||
doi: 10.1007/s10911-008-9063-y.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/18246319" target="_blank">18246319</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/7634804">Concentrations of prolactin and prostaglandins during and after cardiopulmonary resuscitation.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Strohmenger HU,
|
||
Lindner KH,
|
||
Keller A,
|
||
Lindner IM,
|
||
Bothner U,
|
||
Georgieff M</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Crit Care Med</span>
|
||
1995 Aug;23(8):1347-55.
|
||
doi: 10.1097/00003246-199508000-00007.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/7634804" target="_blank">7634804</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Increased%20circulating%20prolactin%20concentration%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (87)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35666146">Prolactin and Maternal Metabolism in Women With a Recent GDM Pregnancy and Links to Future T2D: The SWIFT Study.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Zhang Z,
|
||
Piro AL,
|
||
Allalou A,
|
||
Alexeeff SE,
|
||
Dai FF,
|
||
Gunderson EP,
|
||
Wheeler MB</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Clin Endocrinol Metab</span>
|
||
2022 Aug 18;107(9):2652-2665.
|
||
doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgac346.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35666146" target="_blank">35666146</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9387721" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32707081">Pregnancy-induced adaptation of central sensitivity to leptin and insulin.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Khant Aung Z,
|
||
Grattan DR,
|
||
Ladyman SR</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mol Cell Endocrinol</span>
|
||
2020 Oct 1;516:110933.
|
||
Epub 2020 Jul 21
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110933.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32707081" target="_blank">32707081</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25461348">Importance of macroprolactinemia in hyperprolactinemia.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kasum M,
|
||
Pavičić-Baldani D,
|
||
Stanić P,
|
||
Orešković S,
|
||
Sarić JM,
|
||
Blajić J,
|
||
Juras J</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol</span>
|
||
2014 Dec;183:28-32.
|
||
Epub 2014 Oct 20
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2014.10.013.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25461348" target="_blank">25461348</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/18510434">Physiological, pharmacological, and nutritional regulation of circulating adiponectin concentrations in humans.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Swarbrick MM,
|
||
Havel PJ</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Metab Syndr Relat Disord</span>
|
||
2008 Jun;6(2):87-102.
|
||
doi: 10.1089/met.2007.0029.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/18510434" target="_blank">18510434</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3190268" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/76457">Changes in plasma proteins during pregnancy.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Joseph JC,
|
||
Baker C,
|
||
Sprang ML,
|
||
Bermes EW</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Ann Clin Lab Sci</span>
|
||
1978 Mar-Apr;8(2):130-41.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/76457" target="_blank">76457</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Increased%20circulating%20prolactin%20concentration%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (49)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38628109">Withania somnifera and Trigonella foenum-graecum as ingredients of testosterone-boosting supplements: Possible clinical implications.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Skrzypiec-Spring M,
|
||
Pokrywka A,
|
||
Kuliczkowska-Płaksej J,
|
||
Szeląg A,
|
||
Bolanowski M</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Adv Clin Exp Med</span>
|
||
2025 Feb;34(2):295-303.
|
||
doi: 10.17219/acem/185743.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38628109" target="_blank">38628109</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32849258">Effects of Metabolic Syndrome on Semen Quality and Circulating Sex Hormones: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Zhao L,
|
||
Pang A</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)</span>
|
||
2020;11:428.
|
||
Epub 2020 Aug 11
|
||
doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00428.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32849258" target="_blank">32849258</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7431460" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31106995">Prolactin Elevations and Permeability Glycoprotein.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">El-Mallakh RS,
|
||
Watkins J</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Prim Care Companion CNS Disord</span>
|
||
2019 May 16;21(3)
|
||
doi: 10.4088/PCC.18nr02412.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31106995" target="_blank">31106995</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/9827658">The effects of lithium therapy on thyroid and thyrotropin-releasing hormone.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lazarus JH</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Thyroid</span>
|
||
1998 Oct;8(10):909-13.
|
||
doi: 10.1089/thy.1998.8.909.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/9827658" target="_blank">9827658</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/3665123">Remission of hypoparathyroidism during lactation: evidence for a physiological role for prolactin in the regulation of vitamin D metabolism.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cundy T,
|
||
Haining SA,
|
||
Guilland-Cumming DF,
|
||
Butler J,
|
||
Kanis JA</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)</span>
|
||
1987 Jun;26(6):667-74.
|
||
doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1987.tb00824.x.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/3665123" target="_blank">3665123</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Increased%20circulating%20prolactin%20concentration%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (94)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36849108">Prolactin is a Key Factor for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Obese Children.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Zhang J,
|
||
Guan J,
|
||
Tang X,
|
||
Xu J</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Horm Metab Res</span>
|
||
2023 Apr;55(4):251-255.
|
||
Epub 2023 Feb 27
|
||
doi: 10.1055/a-2043-1044.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36849108" target="_blank">36849108</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10076105" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/18510434">Physiological, pharmacological, and nutritional regulation of circulating adiponectin concentrations in humans.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Swarbrick MM,
|
||
Havel PJ</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Metab Syndr Relat Disord</span>
|
||
2008 Jun;6(2):87-102.
|
||
doi: 10.1089/met.2007.0029.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/18510434" target="_blank">18510434</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3190268" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/18246319">Prolactin and breast cancer etiology: an epidemiologic perspective.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Tworoger SS,
|
||
Hankinson SE</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia</span>
|
||
2008 Mar;13(1):41-53.
|
||
Epub 2008 Feb 2
|
||
doi: 10.1007/s10911-008-9063-y.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/18246319" target="_blank">18246319</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/1737456">Hormonal responses to trauma.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Woolf PD</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Crit Care Med</span>
|
||
1992 Feb;20(2):216-26.
|
||
doi: 10.1097/00003246-199202000-00011.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/1737456" target="_blank">1737456</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/76457">Changes in plasma proteins during pregnancy.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Joseph JC,
|
||
Baker C,
|
||
Sprang ML,
|
||
Bermes EW</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Ann Clin Lab Sci</span>
|
||
1978 Mar-Apr;8(2):130-41.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/76457" target="_blank">76457</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Increased%20circulating%20prolactin%20concentration%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (28)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/18510434">Physiological, pharmacological, and nutritional regulation of circulating adiponectin concentrations in humans.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Swarbrick MM,
|
||
Havel PJ</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Metab Syndr Relat Disord</span>
|
||
2008 Jun;6(2):87-102.
|
||
doi: 10.1089/met.2007.0029.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/18510434" target="_blank">18510434</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3190268" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/18246319">Prolactin and breast cancer etiology: an epidemiologic perspective.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Tworoger SS,
|
||
Hankinson SE</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia</span>
|
||
2008 Mar;13(1):41-53.
|
||
Epub 2008 Feb 2
|
||
doi: 10.1007/s10911-008-9063-y.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/18246319" target="_blank">18246319</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/1737456">Hormonal responses to trauma.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Woolf PD</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Crit Care Med</span>
|
||
1992 Feb;20(2):216-26.
|
||
doi: 10.1097/00003246-199202000-00011.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/1737456" target="_blank">1737456</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/2029889">Adrenarche.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Parker LN</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am</span>
|
||
1991 Mar;20(1):71-83.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/2029889" target="_blank">2029889</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/3596352">Prolactinemia during the menstrual cycle. A possible role for prolactin in the regulation of ovarian function.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Pansini F,
|
||
Bergamini CM,
|
||
Cavallini AR,
|
||
Bagni B,
|
||
Borghesani F,
|
||
Agnello G,
|
||
Mollica G</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Gynecol Obstet Invest</span>
|
||
1987;23(3):172-6.
|
||
doi: 10.1159/000298858.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/3596352" target="_blank">3596352</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Increased%20circulating%20prolactin%20concentration%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (84)</a></div></div>
|
||
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|
||
|
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_systematic_reviews">Recent systematic reviews</h1><a sid="104" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
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|
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39250513">SARS-CoV-2 impairs male fertility by targeting semen quality and testosterone level: A systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">V J A,
|
||
P J A,
|
||
T M A,
|
||
Akhigbe RE</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">PLoS One</span>
|
||
2024;19(9):e0307396.
|
||
Epub 2024 Sep 9
|
||
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307396.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/39250513" target="_blank">39250513</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC11383251" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32849258">Effects of Metabolic Syndrome on Semen Quality and Circulating Sex Hormones: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Zhao L,
|
||
Pang A</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)</span>
|
||
2020;11:428.
|
||
Epub 2020 Aug 11
|
||
doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00428.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32849258" target="_blank">32849258</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7431460" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Increased%20circulating%20prolactin%20concentration%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (2)</a></div></div>
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