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<meta name="keywords" content="C5231405, dee77, developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 77, developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, 77, disease or syndrome, eiee77, epileptic encephalopathy, early infantile, 77, glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis defect 19, gpibd19, mcahs4, multiple congenital anomalies-hypotonia-seizures syndrome 4, pigq, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Multiple congenital anomalies-hypotonia-seizures syndrome-4 (MCAHS4) is an autosomal recessive neurologic disorder characterized by onset of refractory seizures in the first months of life. Patients have severe global developmental delay, and may have additional variable features, including dysmorphic or coarse facial features, visual defects, and mild skeletal or renal anomalies. At the cellular level, the disorder is caused by a defect in the synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI), and thus affects the expression of GPI-anchored proteins at the cell surface (summary by Starr et al., 2019). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of MCAHS, see MCAHS1 (614080). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of DEE, see 308350. For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of GPI biosynthesis defects, see GPIBD1 (610293)." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<!--
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UID=1684735
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ConceptID=C5231405
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-->
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<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, 77<span class="h1sub">(GPIBD19; EIEE77; MCAHS4; DEE77)</span></div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1684735</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5231405</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
|
||
<td>EPILEPTIC ENCEPHALOPATHY, EARLY INFANTILE, 77; GLYCOSYLPHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL BIOSYNTHESIS DEFECT 19; MULTIPLE CONGENITAL ANOMALIES-HYPOTONIA-SEIZURES SYNDROME 4</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td><a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#target-gene-loc">Gene (location):<img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a><div class="display-none" id="target-gene-loc">
|
||
Gene(s) directly associated with<br />
|
||
this condition or phenotype.</div></td>
|
||
<td><a target="_blank" title="PIGQ - ID: 9091 - NCBI Gene" href="/gene/9091" class="medgenPMinfo">PIGQ</a> (16p13.3)</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
|
||
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0032808" target="_blank">MONDO:0032808</a></td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td>OMIM<span class="superscript">®</span>:</td>
|
||
<td><a href="https://omim.org/entry/618548" target="_blank">618548</a></td></tr>
|
||
</tbody></table></div><div class="rprt-body jig-ncbiinpagenav" data-jigconfig="smoothScroll: false, gotoTopLink: true, gotoTopLinkText: '', gotoTopLinkAttrs: {'title': 'Go to the top of the page'},allHeadingLevels: ['h1'], topOfPageTOC: true, tocId: 'my-toc'"><div id="rprt-tabs-1" class="rprt-tab"><div id="tb-termsProp-1"><div class="leftCol mgCol"><div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln">Multiple congenital anomalies-hypotonia-seizures syndrome-4 (MCAHS4) is an autosomal recessive neurologic disorder characterized by onset of refractory seizures in the first months of life. Patients have severe global developmental delay, and may have additional variable features, including dysmorphic or coarse facial features, visual defects, and mild skeletal or renal anomalies. At the cellular level, the disorder is caused by a defect in the synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI), and thus affects the expression of GPI-anchored proteins at the cell surface (summary by Starr et al., 2019). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of MCAHS, see MCAHS1 (614080). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of DEE, see 308350. For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of GPI biosynthesis defects, see GPIBD1 (610293). [from <a title="Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man" href="http://www.omim.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">OMIM</a>]</div>
|
||
</div>
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||
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_102">
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||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_features">Clinical features</h1><a sid="102" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat"><strong>From HPO</strong><br />
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_21852"><div><strong>Vesicoureteral reflux</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>21852</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0042580</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is characterized by the reflux of urine from the bladder into the ureters and sometimes into the kidneys. It is a risk factor for urinary tract infections. Primary VUR results from a developmental defect of the ureterovesical junction (UVJ). In combination with intrarenal reflux, the resulting inflammatory reaction may result in renal injury or scarring, also called reflux nephropathy (RN). Extensive renal scarring impairs renal function and may predispose patients to hypertension, proteinuria, and renal insufficiency (summary by Lu et al., 2007). Genetic Heterogeneity of Vesicoureteral Reflux A locus designated VUR1 maps to chromosome 1p13. VUR2 (610878) is caused by mutation in the ROBO2 gene (602431) on chromosome 3p12; VUR3 (613674) is caused by mutation in the SOX17 gene (610928) on chromosome 8q11; VUR4 (614317) maps to chromosome 5; VUR5 (614318) maps to chromosome 13; VUR6 (614319) maps to chromosome 18; VUR7 (615390) maps to chromosome 12; and VUR8 (615963) is caused by mutation in the TNXB gene (600985) on chromosome 6p21. A possible X-linked form has been reported (VURX; 314550).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/21852">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Vesicoureteral%20reflux%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2021852%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_370605"><div><strong>Renal cortical cysts</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>370605</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1969144</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Cysts of the cortex of the kidney.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/370605">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Renal%20cortical%20cysts%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20370605%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_436211"><div><strong>Feeding difficulties in infancy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>436211</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C2674608</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Impaired feeding performance of an infant as manifested by difficulties such as weak and ineffective sucking, brief bursts of sucking, and falling asleep during sucking. There may be difficulties with chewing or maintaining attention.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/436211">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Feeding%20difficulties%20in%20infancy%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20436211%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_344655"><div><strong>Uplifted earlobe</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>344655</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1856117</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormal orientation of the earlobes such that they point out- and upward. That is, the lateral surface of ear lobe faces superiorly.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/344655">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Uplifted%20earlobe%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20344655%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_480553"><div><strong>Ventriculomegaly</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>480553</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3278923</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">An increase in size of the ventricular system of the brain.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/480553">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Ventriculomegaly%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20480553%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_482664"><div><strong>Multifocal seizures</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>482664</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3281034</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Seizures that start from several different areas of the brain (i.e., with multiple ictal onset locations).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/482664">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Multifocal%20seizures%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20482664%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1385980"><div><strong>Myoclonic seizure</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1385980</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4317123</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A myoclonic seizure is a type of motor seizure characterized by sudden, brief (<100 ms) involuntary single or multiple contraction of muscles or muscle groups of variable topography (axial, proximal limb, distal). Myoclonus is less regularly repetitive and less sustained than is clonus.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1385980">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Myoclonic%20seizure%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201385980%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_6817"><div><strong>Inguinal hernia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>6817</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0019294</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Protrusion of the contents of the abdominal cavity through the inguinal canal.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/6817">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Inguinal%20hernia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%206817%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_44428"><div><strong>Micrognathia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>44428</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0025990</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Developmental hypoplasia of the mandible.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/44428">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Micrognathia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2044428%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_11348"><div><strong>Scoliosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>11348</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0036439</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">The presence of an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/11348">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Scoliosis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2011348%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_113171"><div><strong>Diastasis recti</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>113171</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0221766</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A separation of the rectus abdominis muscle into right and left halves (which are normally joined at the midline at the linea alba).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/113171">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Diastasis%20recti%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20113171%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_78562"><div><strong>Plagiocephaly</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>78562</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0265529</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Asymmetric head shape, which is usually a combination of unilateral occipital flattening with ipsilateral frontal prominence, leading to rhomboid cranial shape.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/78562">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Plagiocephaly%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2078562%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_322809"><div><strong>Poor head control</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>322809</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1836038</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Difficulty to maintain correct position of the head while standing or sitting. Infant head lag is observed when the head seems to flop around or lags posteriorly behind the trunk. Several articles have maintained that head lag should be absent by age 3 to 4 months.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/322809">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Poor%20head%20control%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20322809%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_395993"><div><strong>Infantile muscular hypotonia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>395993</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1860834</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Muscular hypotonia (abnormally low muscle tone) manifesting in infancy.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/395993">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Infantile%20muscular%20hypotonia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20395993%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_400926"><div><strong>Wide anterior fontanel</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>400926</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1866134</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Enlargement of the anterior fontanelle with respect to age-dependent norms.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/400926">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Wide%20anterior%20fontanel%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20400926%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_781174"><div><strong>Pectus excavatum</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>781174</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C2051831</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A defect of the chest wall characterized by a depression of the sternum, giving the chest ("pectus") a caved-in ("excavatum") appearance.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/781174">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Pectus%20excavatum%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20781174%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_867169"><div><strong>Abdominal wall muscle weakness</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>867169</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4021527</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Decreased strength of the abdominal musculature.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/867169">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Abdominal%20wall%20muscle%20weakness%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20867169%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_727252"><div><strong>Elevated circulating alkaline phosphatase concentration</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>727252</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1314665</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Abnormally increased serum levels of alkaline phosphatase activity.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/727252">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Elevated%20circulating%20alkaline%20phosphatase%20concentration%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20727252%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_140836"><div><strong>Telecanthus</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>140836</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0423113</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Distance between the inner canthi more than two standard deviations above the mean (objective); or, apparently increased distance between the inner canthi.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/140836">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Telecanthus%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20140836%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_98424"><div><strong>Broad nasal tip</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>98424</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0426429</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Increase in width of the nasal tip.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/98424">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Broad%20nasal%20tip%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2098424%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_222980"><div><strong>Smooth philtrum</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>222980</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1142533</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Flat skin surface, with no ridge formation in the central region of the upper lip between the nasal base and upper vermilion border.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/222980">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Smooth%20philtrum%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20222980%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_326648"><div><strong>Anteverted nares</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>326648</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1840077</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Anteriorly-facing nostrils viewed with the head in the Frankfurt horizontal and the eyes of the observer level with the eyes of the subject. This gives the appearance of an upturned nose (upturned nasal tip).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/326648">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Anteverted%20nares%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20326648%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_335284"><div><strong>Coarse facial features</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>335284</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1845847</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Absence of fine and sharp appearance of brows, nose, lips, mouth, and chin, usually because of rounded and heavy features or thickened skin with or without thickening of subcutaneous and bony tissues.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/335284">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Coarse%20facial%20features%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20335284%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_351278"><div><strong>Long philtrum</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>351278</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1865014</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Distance between nasal base and midline upper lip vermilion border more than 2 SD above the mean. Alternatively, an apparently increased distance between nasal base and midline upper lip vermilion border.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/351278">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Long%20philtrum%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20351278%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_355352"><div><strong>Thin upper lip vermilion</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>355352</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1865017</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Height of the vermilion of the upper lip in the midline more than 2 SD below the mean. Alternatively, an apparently reduced height of the vermilion of the upper lip in the frontal view (subjective).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/355352">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Thin%20upper%20lip%20vermilion%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20355352%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_356471"><div><strong>Downturned corners of mouth</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>356471</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1866195</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A morphological abnormality of the mouth in which the angle of the mouth is downturned. The oral commissures are positioned inferior to the midline labial fissure.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/356471">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Downturned%20corners%20of%20mouth%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20356471%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_355661"><div><strong>Full cheeks</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>355661</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1866231</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Increased prominence or roundness of soft tissues between zygomata and mandible.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/355661">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Full%20cheeks%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20355661%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_902228"><div><strong>Hooded upper eyelid</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>902228</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4280749</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Upper eyelid partly covered by skin when eyes are open.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/902228">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hooded%20upper%20eyelid%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20902228%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_336730"><div><strong>Soft skin</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>336730</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1844592</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Subjective impression of increased softness upon palpation of the skin.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/336730">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Soft%20skin%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20336730%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_341890"><div><strong>Deep plantar creases</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>341890</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1857953</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">The presence of unusually deep creases (ridges/wrinkles) on the skin of sole of foot.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/341890">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Deep%20plantar%20creases%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20341890%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_6936"><div><strong>Polyhydramnios</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>6936</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0020224</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Pathologic Function</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">The presence of excess amniotic fluid in the uterus during pregnancy.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/6936">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Polyhydramnios%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%206936%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_2473"><div><strong>Astigmatism</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>2473</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0004106</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Astigmatism (from the Greek 'a' meaning absence and 'stigma' meaning point) is a condition in which the parallel rays of light entering the eye through the refractive media are not focused on a single point. Both corneal and noncorneal factors contribute to refractive astigmatism. Corneal astigmatism is mainly the result of an aspheric anterior surface of the cornea, which can be measured readily by means of a keratometer; in a small fraction of cases (approximately 1 in 10) the effect is neutralized by the back surface. The curvature of the back surface of the cornea is not considered in most studies, because it is more difficult to measure; moreover, in the case of severe corneal astigmatism, there is evidence that both surfaces have the same configuration. Noncorneal factors are errors in the curvature of the 2 surfaces of the crystalline lens, irregularity in the refractive index of the lens, and an eccentric lens position. Since the cornea is the dominant component of the eye's refracting system, a highly astigmatic cornea is likely to result in a similarly astigmatic ocular refraction (summary by Clementi et al., 1998).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/2473">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Astigmatism%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%202473%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_2287"><div><strong>Ptosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>2287</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0005745</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">The upper eyelid margin is positioned 3 mm or more lower than usual and covers the superior portion of the iris (objective); or, the upper lid margin obscures at least part of the pupil (subjective).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/2287">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Ptosis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%202287%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_75749"><div><strong>Vertical nystagmus</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>75749</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0271386</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Vertical nystagmus may present with either up-beating or down-beating eye movements or both. When present in the straight-ahead position of gaze it is referred to as upbeat nystagmus or downbeat nystagmus.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/75749">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Vertical%20nystagmus%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2075749%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_87488"><div><strong>Alacrima</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>87488</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0344505</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Absence of tear secretion.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/87488">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Alacrima%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2087488%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_890568"><div><strong>Cerebral visual impairment</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>890568</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4048268</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Pathologic Function</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A form of loss of vision caused by damage to the visual cortex rather than a defect in the eye.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/890568">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Cerebral%20visual%20impairment%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20890568%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div><div class="TreeLite" data-jigconfig="closed: 1"><div class="concept-def"><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(".TreeLite","#ID_102").TreeLite().openAll(); return false;">Show all</a><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(".TreeLite","#ID_102").TreeLite().closeAll(); return false;">Hide all</a></div><ul><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of head or neck</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_326648" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Anteverted nares</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_98424" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Broad nasal tip</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_335284" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Coarse facial features</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_356471" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Downturned corners of mouth</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_355661" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Full cheeks</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_902228" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hooded upper eyelid</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_351278" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Long philtrum</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_222980" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Smooth philtrum</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_140836" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Telecanthus</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_355352" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Thin upper lip vermilion</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of metabolism/homeostasis</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_727252" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Elevated circulating alkaline phosphatase concentration</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of prenatal development or birth</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_6936" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Polyhydramnios</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the digestive system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_436211" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Feeding difficulties in infancy</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the eye</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_87488" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Alacrima</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_2473" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Astigmatism</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_890568" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cerebral visual impairment</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_2287" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Ptosis</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_75749" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Vertical nystagmus</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the genitourinary system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_370605" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Renal cortical cysts</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_21852" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Vesicoureteral reflux</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the integument</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_341890" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Deep plantar creases</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_336730" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Soft skin</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_867169" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Abdominal wall muscle weakness</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_113171" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Diastasis recti</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_395993" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Infantile muscular hypotonia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_6817" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Inguinal hernia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_44428" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Micrognathia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_781174" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Pectus excavatum</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_78562" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Plagiocephaly</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_322809" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Poor head control</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_11348" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Scoliosis</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_400926" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Wide anterior fontanel</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the nervous system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_482664" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Multifocal seizures</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1385980" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Myoclonic seizure</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_480553" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Ventriculomegaly</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Ear malformation</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_344655" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Uplifted earlobe</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test, </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test, </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM, </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>, </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C5191419[DISCUI]&test_type=Clinical&redirect=true" ref="ncbi_uid=1683744">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&from_uid=1683744" ref="ncbi_uid=1683744">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1683744" ref="tree=GTR&ncbi_uid=1683744&link_uid=1683744" title="View MedGen record for 'Multiple congenital anomalies-hypotonia-seizures syndrome'">Multiple congenital anomalies-hypotonia-seizures syndrome</a></span><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C5231405[DISCUI]&test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=1684735">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=1684735" target="_blank" href="/omim/605754">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&from_uid=1684735" ref="ncbi_uid=1684735">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline">Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, 77</span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C3279775[DISCUI]&test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=481405">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=481405" target="_blank" href="/omim/606097">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&from_uid=481405" ref="ncbi_uid=481405">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/481405" ref="tree=GTR&ncbi_uid=481405&link_uid=481405" title="View MedGen record for 'Multiple congenital anomalies-hypotonia-seizures syndrome 1'">Multiple congenital anomalies-hypotonia-seizures syndrome 1</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C3275508[DISCUI]&test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=477139">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=477139" target="_blank" href="/omim/300868">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&from_uid=477139" ref="ncbi_uid=477139">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/477139" ref="tree=GTR&ncbi_uid=477139&link_uid=477139" title="View MedGen record for 'Multiple congenital anomalies-hypotonia-seizures syndrome 2'">Multiple congenital anomalies-hypotonia-seizures syndrome 2</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C3809356[DISCUI]&test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=815686">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=815686" target="_blank" href="/omim/610272">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&from_uid=815686" ref="ncbi_uid=815686">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/815686" ref="tree=GTR&ncbi_uid=815686&link_uid=815686" title="View MedGen record for 'Multiple congenital anomalies-hypotonia-seizures syndrome 3'">Multiple congenital anomalies-hypotonia-seizures syndrome 3</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1683744" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Multiple congenital anomalies-hypotonia-seizures syndrome">Multiple congenital anomalies-hypotonia-seizures syndrome</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, 77</span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37804168">Scoping review and expert-based consensus recommendations for assessment and management of psychogenic non-epileptic (functional) seizures (PNES) in children: A report from the Pediatric Psychiatric Issues Task Force of the International League Against Epilepsy.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Reilly C,
|
||
Jette N,
|
||
Johnson EC,
|
||
Kariuki SM,
|
||
Meredith F,
|
||
Wirrell E,
|
||
Mula M,
|
||
Smith ML,
|
||
Walsh S,
|
||
Fong CY,
|
||
Wilmshurst JM,
|
||
Kerr M,
|
||
Valente K,
|
||
Auvin S</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Epilepsia</span>
|
||
2023 Dec;64(12):3160-3195.
|
||
Epub 2023 Oct 7
|
||
doi: 10.1111/epi.17768.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37804168" target="_blank">37804168</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36948217">KCNQ2-Related Epilepsy: Genotype-Phenotype Relationship with Tailored Antiseizure Medication (ASM)-A Systematic Review.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Falsaperla R,
|
||
Criscione R,
|
||
Cimino C,
|
||
Pisani F,
|
||
Ruggieri M</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neuropediatrics</span>
|
||
2023 Oct;54(5):297-307.
|
||
Epub 2023 Mar 22
|
||
doi: 10.1055/a-2060-4576.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36948217" target="_blank">36948217</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27281533">TBC1D24 genotype-phenotype correlation: Epilepsies and other neurologic features.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Balestrini S,
|
||
Milh M,
|
||
Castiglioni C,
|
||
Lüthy K,
|
||
Finelli MJ,
|
||
Verstreken P,
|
||
Cardon A,
|
||
Stražišar BG,
|
||
Holder JL Jr,
|
||
Lesca G,
|
||
Mancardi MM,
|
||
Poulat AL,
|
||
Repetto GM,
|
||
Banka S,
|
||
Bilo L,
|
||
Birkeland LE,
|
||
Bosch F,
|
||
Brockmann K,
|
||
Cross JH,
|
||
Doummar D,
|
||
Félix TM,
|
||
Giuliano F,
|
||
Hori M,
|
||
Hüning I,
|
||
Kayserili H,
|
||
Kini U,
|
||
Lees MM,
|
||
Meenakshi G,
|
||
Mewasingh L,
|
||
Pagnamenta AT,
|
||
Peluso S,
|
||
Mey A,
|
||
Rice GM,
|
||
Rosenfeld JA,
|
||
Taylor JC,
|
||
Troester MM,
|
||
Stanley CM,
|
||
Ville D,
|
||
Walkiewicz M,
|
||
Falace A,
|
||
Fassio A,
|
||
Lemke JR,
|
||
Biskup S,
|
||
Tardif J,
|
||
Ajeawung NF,
|
||
Tolun A,
|
||
Corbett M,
|
||
Gecz J,
|
||
Afawi Z,
|
||
Howell KB,
|
||
Oliver KL,
|
||
Berkovic SF,
|
||
Scheffer IE,
|
||
de Falco FA,
|
||
Oliver PL,
|
||
Striano P,
|
||
Zara F,
|
||
Campeau PM,
|
||
Sisodiya SM</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurology</span>
|
||
2016 Jul 5;87(1):77-85.
|
||
Epub 2016 Jun 8
|
||
doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000002807.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27281533" target="_blank">27281533</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4932231" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(developmental%20and%20epileptic%20encephalopathy%2C%2077)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (13)</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
|
||
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38563110">SYNGAP1-related developmental and epileptic encephalopathy: Genotypic and phenotypic characteristics and longitudinal insights.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kim HJ,
|
||
Kim M,
|
||
Jang S,
|
||
Cho JS,
|
||
Kim SY,
|
||
Cho A,
|
||
Kim H,
|
||
Lim BC,
|
||
Chae JH,
|
||
Choi J,
|
||
Kim KJ,
|
||
Kim W</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Genet A</span>
|
||
2024 Aug;194(8):e63606.
|
||
Epub 2024 Apr 2
|
||
doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63606.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38563110" target="_blank">38563110</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37804168">Scoping review and expert-based consensus recommendations for assessment and management of psychogenic non-epileptic (functional) seizures (PNES) in children: A report from the Pediatric Psychiatric Issues Task Force of the International League Against Epilepsy.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Reilly C,
|
||
Jette N,
|
||
Johnson EC,
|
||
Kariuki SM,
|
||
Meredith F,
|
||
Wirrell E,
|
||
Mula M,
|
||
Smith ML,
|
||
Walsh S,
|
||
Fong CY,
|
||
Wilmshurst JM,
|
||
Kerr M,
|
||
Valente K,
|
||
Auvin S</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Epilepsia</span>
|
||
2023 Dec;64(12):3160-3195.
|
||
Epub 2023 Oct 7
|
||
doi: 10.1111/epi.17768.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37804168" target="_blank">37804168</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36779245">WWOX developmental and epileptic encephalopathy: Understanding the epileptology and the mortality risk.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Oliver KL,
|
||
Trivisano M,
|
||
Mandelstam SA,
|
||
De Dominicis A,
|
||
Francis DI,
|
||
Green TE,
|
||
Muir AM,
|
||
Chowdhary A,
|
||
Hertzberg C,
|
||
Goldhahn K,
|
||
Metreau J,
|
||
Prager C,
|
||
Pinner J,
|
||
Cardamone M,
|
||
Myers KA,
|
||
Leventer RJ,
|
||
Lesca G,
|
||
Bahlo M,
|
||
Hildebrand MS,
|
||
Mefford HC,
|
||
Kaindl AM,
|
||
Specchio N,
|
||
Scheffer IE</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Epilepsia</span>
|
||
2023 May;64(5):1351-1367.
|
||
Epub 2023 Mar 11
|
||
doi: 10.1111/epi.17542.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36779245" target="_blank">36779245</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10952634" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29069555">Histopathological Findings in Brain Tissue Obtained during Epilepsy Surgery.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Blumcke I,
|
||
Spreafico R,
|
||
Haaker G,
|
||
Coras R,
|
||
Kobow K,
|
||
Bien CG,
|
||
Pfäfflin M,
|
||
Elger C,
|
||
Widman G,
|
||
Schramm J,
|
||
Becker A,
|
||
Braun KP,
|
||
Leijten F,
|
||
Baayen JC,
|
||
Aronica E,
|
||
Chassoux F,
|
||
Hamer H,
|
||
Stefan H,
|
||
Rössler K,
|
||
Thom M,
|
||
Walker MC,
|
||
Sisodiya SM,
|
||
Duncan JS,
|
||
McEvoy AW,
|
||
Pieper T,
|
||
Holthausen H,
|
||
Kudernatsch M,
|
||
Meencke HJ,
|
||
Kahane P,
|
||
Schulze-Bonhage A,
|
||
Zentner J,
|
||
Heiland DH,
|
||
Urbach H,
|
||
Steinhoff BJ,
|
||
Bast T,
|
||
Tassi L,
|
||
Lo Russo G,
|
||
Özkara C,
|
||
Oz B,
|
||
Krsek P,
|
||
Vogelgesang S,
|
||
Runge U,
|
||
Lerche H,
|
||
Weber Y,
|
||
Honavar M,
|
||
Pimentel J,
|
||
Arzimanoglou A,
|
||
Ulate-Campos A,
|
||
Noachtar S,
|
||
Hartl E,
|
||
Schijns O,
|
||
Guerrini R,
|
||
Barba C,
|
||
Jacques TS,
|
||
Cross JH,
|
||
Feucht M,
|
||
Mühlebner A,
|
||
Grunwald T,
|
||
Trinka E,
|
||
Winkler PA,
|
||
Gil-Nagel A,
|
||
Toledano Delgado R,
|
||
Mayer T,
|
||
Lutz M,
|
||
Zountsas B,
|
||
Garganis K,
|
||
Rosenow F,
|
||
Hermsen A,
|
||
von Oertzen TJ,
|
||
Diepgen TL,
|
||
Avanzini G;
|
||
EEBB Consortium</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">N Engl J Med</span>
|
||
2017 Oct 26;377(17):1648-1656.
|
||
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1703784.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29069555" target="_blank">29069555</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27281533">TBC1D24 genotype-phenotype correlation: Epilepsies and other neurologic features.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Balestrini S,
|
||
Milh M,
|
||
Castiglioni C,
|
||
Lüthy K,
|
||
Finelli MJ,
|
||
Verstreken P,
|
||
Cardon A,
|
||
Stražišar BG,
|
||
Holder JL Jr,
|
||
Lesca G,
|
||
Mancardi MM,
|
||
Poulat AL,
|
||
Repetto GM,
|
||
Banka S,
|
||
Bilo L,
|
||
Birkeland LE,
|
||
Bosch F,
|
||
Brockmann K,
|
||
Cross JH,
|
||
Doummar D,
|
||
Félix TM,
|
||
Giuliano F,
|
||
Hori M,
|
||
Hüning I,
|
||
Kayserili H,
|
||
Kini U,
|
||
Lees MM,
|
||
Meenakshi G,
|
||
Mewasingh L,
|
||
Pagnamenta AT,
|
||
Peluso S,
|
||
Mey A,
|
||
Rice GM,
|
||
Rosenfeld JA,
|
||
Taylor JC,
|
||
Troester MM,
|
||
Stanley CM,
|
||
Ville D,
|
||
Walkiewicz M,
|
||
Falace A,
|
||
Fassio A,
|
||
Lemke JR,
|
||
Biskup S,
|
||
Tardif J,
|
||
Ajeawung NF,
|
||
Tolun A,
|
||
Corbett M,
|
||
Gecz J,
|
||
Afawi Z,
|
||
Howell KB,
|
||
Oliver KL,
|
||
Berkovic SF,
|
||
Scheffer IE,
|
||
de Falco FA,
|
||
Oliver PL,
|
||
Striano P,
|
||
Zara F,
|
||
Campeau PM,
|
||
Sisodiya SM</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurology</span>
|
||
2016 Jul 5;87(1):77-85.
|
||
Epub 2016 Jun 8
|
||
doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000002807.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27281533" target="_blank">27281533</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4932231" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Developmental%20and%20epileptic%20encephalopathy%2C%2077%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (140)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38991538">De novo variants in the RNU4-2 snRNA cause a frequent neurodevelopmental syndrome.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Chen Y,
|
||
Dawes R,
|
||
Kim HC,
|
||
Ljungdahl A,
|
||
Stenton SL,
|
||
Walker S,
|
||
Lord J,
|
||
Lemire G,
|
||
Martin-Geary AC,
|
||
Ganesh VS,
|
||
Ma J,
|
||
Ellingford JM,
|
||
Delage E,
|
||
D'Souza EN,
|
||
Dong S,
|
||
Adams DR,
|
||
Allan K,
|
||
Bakshi M,
|
||
Baldwin EE,
|
||
Berger SI,
|
||
Bernstein JA,
|
||
Bhatnagar I,
|
||
Blair E,
|
||
Brown NJ,
|
||
Burrage LC,
|
||
Chapman K,
|
||
Coman DJ,
|
||
Compton AG,
|
||
Cunningham CA,
|
||
D'Souza P,
|
||
Danecek P,
|
||
Délot EC,
|
||
Dias KR,
|
||
Elias ER,
|
||
Elmslie F,
|
||
Evans CA,
|
||
Ewans L,
|
||
Ezell K,
|
||
Fraser JL,
|
||
Gallacher L,
|
||
Genetti CA,
|
||
Goriely A,
|
||
Grant CL,
|
||
Haack T,
|
||
Higgs JE,
|
||
Hinch AG,
|
||
Hurles ME,
|
||
Kuechler A,
|
||
Lachlan KL,
|
||
Lalani SR,
|
||
Lecoquierre F,
|
||
Leitão E,
|
||
Fevre AL,
|
||
Leventer RJ,
|
||
Liebelt JE,
|
||
Lindsay S,
|
||
Lockhart PJ,
|
||
Ma AS,
|
||
Macnamara EF,
|
||
Mansour S,
|
||
Maurer TM,
|
||
Mendez HR,
|
||
Metcalfe K,
|
||
Montgomery SB,
|
||
Moosajee M,
|
||
Nassogne MC,
|
||
Neumann S,
|
||
O'Donoghue M,
|
||
O'Leary M,
|
||
Palmer EE,
|
||
Pattani N,
|
||
Phillips J,
|
||
Pitsava G,
|
||
Pysar R,
|
||
Rehm HL,
|
||
Reuter CM,
|
||
Revencu N,
|
||
Riess A,
|
||
Rius R,
|
||
Rodan L,
|
||
Roscioli T,
|
||
Rosenfeld JA,
|
||
Sachdev R,
|
||
Shaw-Smith CJ,
|
||
Simons C,
|
||
Sisodiya SM,
|
||
Snell P,
|
||
St Clair L,
|
||
Stark Z,
|
||
Stewart HS,
|
||
Tan TY,
|
||
Tan NB,
|
||
Temple SEL,
|
||
Thorburn DR,
|
||
Tifft CJ,
|
||
Uebergang E,
|
||
VanNoy GE,
|
||
Vasudevan P,
|
||
Vilain E,
|
||
Viskochil DH,
|
||
Wedd L,
|
||
Wheeler MT,
|
||
White SM,
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||
doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000207808.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37748886" target="_blank">37748886</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10663013" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27281533">TBC1D24 genotype-phenotype correlation: Epilepsies and other neurologic features.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Balestrini S,
|
||
Milh M,
|
||
Castiglioni C,
|
||
Lüthy K,
|
||
Finelli MJ,
|
||
Verstreken P,
|
||
Cardon A,
|
||
Stražišar BG,
|
||
Holder JL Jr,
|
||
Lesca G,
|
||
Mancardi MM,
|
||
Poulat AL,
|
||
Repetto GM,
|
||
Banka S,
|
||
Bilo L,
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||
Birkeland LE,
|
||
Bosch F,
|
||
Brockmann K,
|
||
Cross JH,
|
||
Doummar D,
|
||
Félix TM,
|
||
Giuliano F,
|
||
Hori M,
|
||
Hüning I,
|
||
Kayserili H,
|
||
Kini U,
|
||
Lees MM,
|
||
Meenakshi G,
|
||
Mewasingh L,
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||
Pagnamenta AT,
|
||
Peluso S,
|
||
Mey A,
|
||
Rice GM,
|
||
Rosenfeld JA,
|
||
Taylor JC,
|
||
Troester MM,
|
||
Stanley CM,
|
||
Ville D,
|
||
Walkiewicz M,
|
||
Falace A,
|
||
Fassio A,
|
||
Lemke JR,
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||
Biskup S,
|
||
Tardif J,
|
||
Ajeawung NF,
|
||
Tolun A,
|
||
Corbett M,
|
||
Gecz J,
|
||
Afawi Z,
|
||
Howell KB,
|
||
Oliver KL,
|
||
Berkovic SF,
|
||
Scheffer IE,
|
||
de Falco FA,
|
||
Oliver PL,
|
||
Striano P,
|
||
Zara F,
|
||
Campeau PM,
|
||
Sisodiya SM</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurology</span>
|
||
2016 Jul 5;87(1):77-85.
|
||
Epub 2016 Jun 8
|
||
doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000002807.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27281533" target="_blank">27281533</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4932231" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/16239177">The United Kingdom Infantile Spasms Study (UKISS) comparing hormone treatment with vigabatrin on developmental and epilepsy outcomes to age 14 months: a multicentre randomised trial.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lux AL,
|
||
Edwards SW,
|
||
Hancock E,
|
||
Johnson AL,
|
||
Kennedy CR,
|
||
Newton RW,
|
||
O'Callaghan FJ,
|
||
Verity CM,
|
||
Osborne JP;
|
||
United Kingdom Infantile Spasms Study</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Lancet Neurol</span>
|
||
2005 Nov;4(11):712-7.
|
||
doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(05)70199-X.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/16239177" target="_blank">16239177</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Developmental%20and%20epileptic%20encephalopathy%2C%2077%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (77)</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_104">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_systematic_reviews">Recent systematic reviews</h1><a sid="104" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln">
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39360600">Efficacy and safety of stiripentol in the prevention and cessation of status epilepticus: A systematic review.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Specchio N,
|
||
Auvin S,
|
||
Strzelczyk A,
|
||
Brigo F,
|
||
Villanueva V,
|
||
Trinka E</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Epilepsia Open</span>
|
||
2024 Dec;9(6):2017-2036.
|
||
Epub 2024 Oct 3
|
||
doi: 10.1002/epi4.13036.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/39360600" target="_blank">39360600</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC11633682" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38820673">Surgical treatment of epileptic encephalopathy with spike-and-wave activation in sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ma Y,
|
||
Kaminski M,
|
||
Kim A</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Seizure</span>
|
||
2024 Jul;119:78-83.
|
||
Epub 2024 May 19
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2024.05.008.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38820673" target="_blank">38820673</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36948217">KCNQ2-Related Epilepsy: Genotype-Phenotype Relationship with Tailored Antiseizure Medication (ASM)-A Systematic Review.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Falsaperla R,
|
||
Criscione R,
|
||
Cimino C,
|
||
Pisani F,
|
||
Ruggieri M</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neuropediatrics</span>
|
||
2023 Oct;54(5):297-307.
|
||
Epub 2023 Mar 22
|
||
doi: 10.1055/a-2060-4576.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36948217" target="_blank">36948217</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36219224">Early surgical approaches in pediatric epilepsy - a systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Frank NA,
|
||
Greuter L,
|
||
Guzman R,
|
||
Soleman J</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Childs Nerv Syst</span>
|
||
2023 Mar;39(3):677-688.
|
||
Epub 2022 Oct 11
|
||
doi: 10.1007/s00381-022-05699-x.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36219224" target="_blank">36219224</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36183177">Minimally invasive procedures for hypothalamic hamartoma-related epilepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Iranmehr A,
|
||
Dabbagh Ohadi MA,
|
||
Chavoshi M,
|
||
Jahanbakhshi A,
|
||
Slavin KV</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurosurg Focus</span>
|
||
2022 Oct;53(4):E8.
|
||
doi: 10.3171/2022.7.FOCUS22296.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36183177" target="_blank">36183177</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Developmental%20and%20epileptic%20encephalopathy%2C%2077%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (8)</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
|
||
<div id="messagearea_bottom">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class=" bottom">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="supplemental col three_col last">
|
||
<h2 class="offscreen_noflow">Supplemental Content</h2>
|
||
|
||
<div>
|
||
|
||
<!-- MedGen supplemental column starts here -->
|
||
<div class="rightCol mgCol">
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_113">
|
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Table_of_contents">Table of contents</h1><a sid="113" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul id="my-toc"></ul></div>
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|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_106">
|
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Genetic_Testing_Registry">Genetic Testing Registry</h1><a sid="106" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C5231405%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (9)</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C5231405%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (9)</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C5231405%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A2%5F19" target="_blank">Targeted variant analysis (2)</a></li>
|
||
<li class="portletSeeAll portletSeeAllPad"><total><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C5231405%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">See all (10)</a></total></li>
|
||
</ul></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_119">
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||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_resources">Clinical resources</h1><a sid="119" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://www.omim.org/search?index=entry&start=1&limit=10&sort=score%20desc&field=number&search=618548" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li><li><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=Developmental%20and%20epileptic%20encephalopathy,%2077" target="_blank">ClinicalTrials.gov</a></li></ul></div>
|
||
</div>
|
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|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_121">
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Practice_guidelines">Practice guidelines</h1><a sid="121" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(developmental%20and%20epileptic%20encephalopathy%2C%2077)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">PubMed</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li></ul></div>
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</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_115">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Molecular_resources">Molecular resources</h1><a sid="115" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="http://www.omim.org/search?index=entry&start=1&limit=10&sort=score%20desc&field=number&search=605754" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li><li><a href="/clinvar/?term=9091[geneid]" target="_blank">View PIGQ variations in ClinVar</a></li><li><a href="https://catalog.coriell.org/Search?q=618548" target="_blank">Coriell Institute for Medical Research</a></li></ul></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_116">
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||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Consumer_resources">Consumer resources</h1><a sid="116" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://www.malacards.org/card/multiple_congenital_anomalies_hypotonia_seizures_syndrome_4_2" target="_blank">MalaCards</a></li><li><a href="https://vsearch.nlm.nih.gov/vivisimo/cgi-bin/query-meta?v:project=medlineplus&query=Developmental%20and%20epileptic%20encephalopathy,%2077" target="_blank">MedlinePlus</a></li><li><a href="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/16363/disease" target="_blank">NCATS Office of Rare Diseases Research (GARD)</a></li></ul></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="portlet brieflink">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head">
|
||
<div class="portlet_title">
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||
<h3>Reviews</h3>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<a name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_SingleItemSuplCluster.MedGenReviews.Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="Reviews" id="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_SingleItemSuplCluster.MedGenReviews.Shutter"></a>
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</div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content">
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="/pubmed/clinical?term=Developmental%20and%20epileptic%20encephalopathy,%2077" ref="ncbi_uid=&discoId=gtr_reviews&linkpos=1&linkpostotal=2" target="_blank">PubMed Clinical Queries</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="/pubmed?term=Developmental%20and%20epileptic%20encephalopathy,%2077%20AND%20humans[mesh]%20AND%20review[publication%20type]" ref="ncbi_uid=&discoId=gtr_reviews&linkpos=2&linkpostotal=2" target="_blank">Reviews in PubMed</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<!-- MedGen supplemental column ends here -->
|
||
<div class="portlet brieflink">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head">
|
||
<div class="portlet_title">
|
||
<h3>Related information</h3>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<a name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_SingleItemSuplCluster.MedGenDiscoveryDbLinks.Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="discovery_db_links" id="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_SingleItemSuplCluster.MedGenDiscoveryDbLinks.Shutter"></a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content DiscoveryDbLinks">
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li class="brieflinkpopper">
|
||
<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&from_uid=1684735" ref="log$=recordlinks">ClinVar</a>
|
||
<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Related medical variations</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="brieflinkpopper">
|
||
<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&from_uid=1684735" ref="log$=recordlinks">Gene</a>
|
||
<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Related information in NCBI Gene</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="brieflinkpopper">
|
||
<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/gtr/tests?term=C5231405[DISCUI]" ref="log$=recordlinks">GTR</a>
|
||
<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Related information in GTR</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="brieflinkpopper">
|
||
<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/gtr/tests?term=C5231405[DISCUI]&test_type=Clinical" ref="log$=recordlinks">GTR(Clinical)</a>
|
||
<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Clinical tests in GTR</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="brieflinkpopper">
|
||
<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/omim?LinkName=medgen_omim&from_uid=1684735" ref="log$=recordlinks">OMIM</a>
|
||
<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Related records in OMIM</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="brieflinkpopper">
|
||
<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/omim?LinkName=medgen_omim_gene&from_uid=1684735" ref="log$=recordlinks">OMIM(Genes)</a>
|
||
<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">OMIM records containing genes associated with phenotypes registered in MedGen</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="brieflinkpopper">
|
||
<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pmc?LinkName=medgen_pmc&from_uid=1684735" ref="log$=recordlinks">PMC Articles</a>
|
||
<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Related information in PubMed Central Links</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="brieflinkpopper">
|
||
<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed&from_uid=1684735" ref="log$=recordlinks">PubMed</a>
|
||
<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Related literature resources in PubMed</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="brieflinkpopper">
|
||
<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_omim&from_uid=1684735" ref="log$=recordlinks">PubMed (OMIM)</a>
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