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<meta name="keywords" content="C5190603, carbohydrate deficient glycoprotein syndrome type 1u, carbohydrate deficient glycoprotein syndrome type iu, cdg iu, cdg syndrome type iu, cdg-iu, cdg1u, cdgiu, cmd with intellectual disability and severe epilepsy, congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1u, congenital disorder of glycosylation type iu, congenital disorder of glycosylation, type iu, congenital muscular dystrophy with intellectual disability and severe epilepsy, disease or syndrome, dpm2, dpm2-cdg, dpm2-cdg (cdg-iu), autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="A rare fatal inborn error of metabolism disorder with characteristics of respiratory distress and severe hypotonia at birth, severe global developmental delay, early-onset intractable seizures, myopathic facies with craniofacial dysmorphism (trigonocephaly/progressive microcephaly, low anterior hairline, arched eyebrows, hypotelorism, strabismus, small nose, prominent philtrum, thin upper lip, high-arched palate, micrognathia, malocclusion), severe, congenital flexion joint contractures and elevated serum creatine kinase levels. Scoliosis, optic atrophy, mild hepatomegaly, and hypoplastic genitalia may also be associated. There is evidence the disease is caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the DPM2 gene on chromosome 9q34." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<title>Congenital muscular dystrophy with intellectual disability and severe epilepsy (Concept Id: C5190603)
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<!--
UID=1682844
ConceptID=C5190603
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Congenital muscular dystrophy with intellectual disability and severe epilepsy<span class="h1sub">(CDG1U; CDGIu)</span></div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1682844</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5190603</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
<td>CDG Iu; Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1u; DPM2-CDG (CDG-Iu)</td></tr>
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
<td>Congenital muscular dystrophy with intellectual disability and severe epilepsy (782772000); Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1u (782772000); Carbohydrate deficient glycoprotein syndrome type 1u (782772000)</td></tr>
<tr><td>Modes of inheritance:</td>
<td>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="moi_141025"><div><strong>Autosomal recessive inheritance</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>141025</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0441748</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Intellectual Product</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Source: Orphanet</div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in individuals with two pathogenic alleles, either homozygotes (two copies of the same mutant allele) or compound heterozygotes (whereby each copy of a gene has a distinct mutant allele).</div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#moi_141025" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autosomal recessive inheritance</a><span> (Orphanet)</span></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td><a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#target-gene-loc">Gene (location):<img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a><div class="display-none" id="target-gene-loc">
Gene(s) directly associated with<br />
this condition or phenotype.</div></td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="DPM2 - ID: 8818 - NCBI Gene" href="/gene/8818" class="medgenPMinfo">DPM2</a> (9q34.11)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0014023" target="_blank">MONDO:0014023</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>OMIM<span class="superscript">®</span>:</td>
<td><a href="https://omim.org/entry/615042" target="_blank">615042</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Orphanet:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Orphanet: The portal for rare diseases and orphan drugs" href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&amp;Expert=329178">ORPHA329178</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="rprt-body jig-ncbiinpagenav" data-jigconfig="smoothScroll: false, gotoTopLink: true, gotoTopLinkText: '', gotoTopLinkAttrs: {'title': 'Go to the top of the page'},allHeadingLevels: ['h1'], topOfPageTOC: true, tocId: 'my-toc'"><div id="rprt-tabs-1" class="rprt-tab"><div id="tb-termsProp-1"><div class="leftCol mgCol"><div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">A rare fatal inborn error of metabolism disorder with characteristics of respiratory distress and severe hypotonia at birth, severe global developmental delay, early-onset intractable seizures, myopathic facies with craniofacial dysmorphism (trigonocephaly/progressive microcephaly, low anterior hairline, arched eyebrows, hypotelorism, strabismus, small nose, prominent philtrum, thin upper lip, high-arched palate, micrognathia, malocclusion), severe, congenital flexion joint contractures and elevated serum creatine kinase levels. Scoliosis, optic atrophy, mild hepatomegaly, and hypoplastic genitalia may also be associated. There is evidence the disease is caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the DPM2 gene on chromosome 9q34. [from <a title="US Edition of SNOMED CT" href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/Snomed/us_edition.html" class="defSource" target="_blank">SNOMEDCT_US</a>]</div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_102">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_features">Clinical features</h1><a sid="102" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat"><strong>From HPO</strong><br />
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_65429"><div><strong>Feeding difficulties</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>65429</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0232466</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Impaired ability to eat related to problems gathering food and getting ready to suck, chew, or swallow it.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/65429">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Feeding%20difficulties%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2065429%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_20693"><div><strong>Seizure</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>20693</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0036572</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/20693">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Seizure%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2020693%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_39223"><div><strong>Hypokinesia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>39223</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0086439</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Abnormally diminished motor activity. In contrast to paralysis, hypokinesia is not characterized by a lack of motor strength, but rather by a poverty of movement. The typical habitual movements (e.g., folding the arms, crossing the legs) are reduced in frequency.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/39223">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hypokinesia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2039223%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_120578"><div><strong>Cerebellar hypoplasia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>120578</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0266470</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Cerebellar hypoplasia is a descriptive term implying a cerebellum with a reduced volume, but a normal shape and is stable over time.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/120578">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Cerebellar%20hypoplasia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20120578%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_107838"><div><strong>Global developmental delay</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>107838</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0557874</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/107838">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Global%20developmental%20delay%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20107838%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_333065"><div><strong>Primitive reflex</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>333065</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1838319</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The primitive reflexes are a group of behavioral motor responses which are found in normal early development, are subsequently inhibited, but may be released from inhibition by cerebral, usually frontal, damage. They are thus part of a broader group of reflexes which reflect release phenomena, such as exaggerated stretch reflexes and extensor plantars. They do however involve more complex motor responses than such simple stretch reflexes, and are often a normal feature in the neonate or infant.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/333065">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Primitive%20reflex%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20333065%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_868341"><div><strong>Cerebral white matter atrophy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>868341</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4022735</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The presence of atrophy (wasting) of the cerebral white matter.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/868341">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Cerebral%20white%20matter%20atrophy%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20868341%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_44428"><div><strong>Micrognathia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>44428</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0025990</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Developmental hypoplasia of the mandible.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/44428">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Micrognathia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2044428%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_11348"><div><strong>Scoliosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>11348</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0036439</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The presence of an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/11348">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Scoliosis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2011348%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_83066"><div><strong>Congenital contracture</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>83066</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0332878</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">One or more flexion contractures (a bent joint that cannot be straightened actively or passively) that are present at birth.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/83066">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Congenital%20contracture%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2083066%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_608952"><div><strong>Secondary microcephaly</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>608952</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0431352</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Head circumference which falls below 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender because of insufficient head growth after birth.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/608952">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Secondary%20microcephaly%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20608952%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_326544"><div><strong>Severe muscular hypotonia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>326544</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1839630</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A severe degree of muscular hypotonia characterized by markedly reduced muscle tone.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/326544">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Severe%20muscular%20hypotonia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20326544%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_346841"><div><strong>Generalized hypotonia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>346841</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1858120</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Generalized muscular hypotonia (abnormally low muscle tone).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/346841">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Generalized%20hypotonia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20346841%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_96907"><div><strong>Respiratory distress</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>96907</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0476273</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Respiratory distress is objectively observable as the physical or emotional consequences from the experience of dyspnea. The physical presentation of respiratory distress is generally referred to as labored breathing, while the sensation of respiratory distress is called shortness of breath or dyspnea.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/96907">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Respiratory%20distress%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2096907%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_924182"><div><strong>Neonatal respiratory distress</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>924182</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4281993</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Respiratory difficulty as newborn.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/924182">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Neonatal%20respiratory%20distress%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20924182%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_116013"><div><strong>Elevated circulating hepatic transaminase concentration</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>116013</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0235996</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Elevations of the levels of SGOT and SGPT in the serum. SGOT (serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase) and SGPT (serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase) are transaminases primarily found in the liver and heart and are released into the bloodstream as the result of liver or heart damage. SGOT and SGPT are used clinically mainly as markers of liver damage.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/116013">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Elevated%20circulating%20hepatic%20transaminase%20concentration%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20116013%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_69128"><div><strong>Elevated circulating creatine kinase concentration</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>69128</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0241005</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An elevation of the level of the enzyme creatine kinase (also known as creatine phosphokinase (CK; EC 2.7.3.2) in the blood. CK levels can be elevated in a number of clinical disorders such as myocardial infarction, rhabdomyolysis, and muscular dystrophy.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/69128">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Elevated%20circulating%20creatine%20kinase%20concentration%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2069128%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_413671"><div><strong>Abnormal isoelectric focusing of serum transferrin</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>413671</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2749688</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Glycosylated transferrin concentrations can be measured in serum as a marker of N-linked glycosylation fidelity. In the traditional nomenclature for congenital disorders of glycosylation, absence of entire glycans was designated type I, and loss of one or more monosaccharides as type II. These terms are retained for historical reasons but for new annotations the precise glycosylation defect should be recorded.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/413671">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Abnormal%20isoelectric%20focusing%20of%20serum%20transferrin%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20413671%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_767302"><div><strong>Decreased O-mannosyl glycans on alpha-dystroglycan</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>767302</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3554388</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hypoglycosylation of alpha-dystroglycan with O-mannosyl glycans. Alpha-dystroglycan is a functional target of O-mannosyl glycosylation and functional glycosylation of alpha-DG is essential in its interaction with the extracellular matrix.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/767302">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Decreased%20O-mannosyl%20glycans%20on%20alpha-dystroglycan%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20767302%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_66814"><div><strong>High palate</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>66814</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0240635</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Height of the palate more than 2 SD above the mean (objective) or palatal height at the level of the first permanent molar more than twice the height of the teeth (subjective).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/66814">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22High%20palate%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2066814%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_90695"><div><strong>Myopathic facies</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>90695</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0332615</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A facial appearance characteristic of myopathic conditions. The face appears expressionless with sunken cheeks, bilateral ptosis, and inability to elevate the corners of the mouth, due to muscle weakness.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/90695">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Myopathic%20facies%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2090695%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_343052"><div><strong>Short nose</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>343052</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1854114</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Distance from nasion to subnasale more than two standard deviations below the mean, or alternatively, an apparently decreased length from the nasal root to the nasal tip.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/343052">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Short%20nose%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20343052%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_355352"><div><strong>Thin upper lip vermilion</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>355352</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1865017</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Height of the vermilion of the upper lip in the midline more than 2 SD below the mean. Alternatively, an apparently reduced height of the vermilion of the upper lip in the frontal view (subjective).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/355352">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Thin%20upper%20lip%20vermilion%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20355352%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_18180"><div><strong>Optic atrophy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>18180</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0029124</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Atrophy of the optic nerve. Optic atrophy results from the death of the retinal ganglion cell axons that comprise the optic nerve and manifesting as a pale optic nerve on fundoscopy.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/18180">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Optic%20atrophy%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2018180%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_21337"><div><strong>Strabismus</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>21337</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0038379</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A misalignment of the eyes so that the visual axes deviate from bifoveal fixation. The classification of strabismus may be based on a number of features including the relative position of the eyes, whether the deviation is latent or manifest, intermittent or constant, concomitant or otherwise and according to the age of onset and the relevance of any associated refractive error.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/21337">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Strabismus%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2021337%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_96107"><div><strong>Hypotelorism</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>96107</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0424711</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Interpupillary distance less than 2 SD below the mean (alternatively, the appearance of an decreased interpupillary distance or closely spaced eyes).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/96107">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hypotelorism%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2096107%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div><div class="TreeLite" data-jigconfig="closed: 1"><div class="concept-def"><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().openAll(); return false;">Show all</a><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().closeAll(); return false;">Hide all</a></div><ul><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of head or neck</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_66814" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">High palate</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_90695" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Myopathic facies</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_343052" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Short nose</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_355352" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Thin upper lip vermilion</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of metabolism/homeostasis</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_413671" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Abnormal isoelectric focusing of serum transferrin</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_767302" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Decreased O-mannosyl glycans on alpha-dystroglycan</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_69128" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Elevated circulating creatine kinase concentration</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_116013" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Elevated circulating hepatic transaminase concentration</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the digestive system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_65429" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Feeding difficulties</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the eye</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_96107" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypotelorism</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_18180" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Optic atrophy</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_21337" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Strabismus</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_83066" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Congenital contracture</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_346841" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Generalized hypotonia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_44428" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Micrognathia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_11348" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Scoliosis</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_608952" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Secondary microcephaly</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_326544" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Severe muscular hypotonia</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the nervous system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_120578" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cerebellar hypoplasia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_868341" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cerebral white matter atrophy</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_107838" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Global developmental delay</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_39223" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypokinesia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_333065" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Primitive reflex</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_20693" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Seizure</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the respiratory system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_924182" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neonatal respiratory distress</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_96907" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Respiratory distress</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0282577[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=76469">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1332/" ref="ncbi_uid=76469">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=76469" ref="ncbi_uid=76469">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/76469" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=76469&amp;link_uid=76469" title="View MedGen record for 'Congenital disorder of glycosylation'">Congenital disorder of glycosylation</a></span><ul><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C2931005[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=419308">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=419308" target="_blank" href="/omim/605907">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1332/" ref="ncbi_uid=419308">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=419308" ref="ncbi_uid=419308">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/419308" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=419308&amp;link_uid=419308" title="View MedGen record for 'ALG1-congenital disorder of glycosylation'">ALG1-congenital disorder of glycosylation</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C3150913[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=462263">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=462263" target="_blank" href="/omim/613661">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1332/" ref="ncbi_uid=462263">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=462263" ref="ncbi_uid=462263">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/462263" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=462263&amp;link_uid=462263" title="View MedGen record for 'ALG11-congenital disorder of glycosylation'">ALG11-congenital disorder of glycosylation</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C2931001[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=443954">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=443954" target="_blank" href="/omim/607143">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1332/" ref="ncbi_uid=443954">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=443954" ref="ncbi_uid=443954">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/443954" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=443954&amp;link_uid=443954" title="View MedGen record for 'ALG12-congenital disorder of glycosylation'">ALG12-congenital disorder of glycosylation</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1842836[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=334618">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=334618" target="_blank" href="/omim/607905">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1332/" ref="ncbi_uid=334618">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=334618" ref="ncbi_uid=334618">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/334618" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=334618&amp;link_uid=334618" title="View MedGen record for 'ALG2-congenital disorder of glycosylation'">ALG2-congenital disorder of glycosylation</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1832736[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=322026">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=322026" target="_blank" href="/omim/601110">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1332/" ref="ncbi_uid=322026">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=322026" ref="ncbi_uid=322026">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/322026" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=322026&amp;link_uid=322026" title="View MedGen record for 'ALG3-congenital disorder of glycosylation'">ALG3-congenital disorder of glycosylation</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C2930997[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=443952">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=443952" target="_blank" href="/omim/603147">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1332/" ref="ncbi_uid=443952">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=443952" ref="ncbi_uid=443952">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/443952" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=443952&amp;link_uid=443952" title="View MedGen record for 'ALG6-congenital disorder of glycosylation 1C'">ALG6-congenital disorder of glycosylation 1C</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C2931002[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=419692">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=419692" target="_blank" href="/omim/608103">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1332/" ref="ncbi_uid=419692">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=419692" ref="ncbi_uid=419692">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/419692" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=419692&amp;link_uid=419692" title="View MedGen record for 'ALG8 congenital disorder of glycosylation'">ALG8 congenital disorder of glycosylation</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C2931006[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=443955">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=443955" target="_blank" href="/omim/606941">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1332/" ref="ncbi_uid=443955">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=443955" ref="ncbi_uid=443955">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/443955" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=443955&amp;link_uid=443955" title="View MedGen record for 'ALG9 congenital disorder of glycosylation'">ALG9 congenital disorder of glycosylation</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C2931009[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=419310">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=419310" target="_blank" href="/omim/137060">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1332/" ref="ncbi_uid=419310">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=419310" ref="ncbi_uid=419310">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/419310" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=419310&amp;link_uid=419310" title="View MedGen record for 'B4GALT1-congenital disorder of glycosylation'">B4GALT1-congenital disorder of glycosylation</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C2931011[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=443957">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=443957" target="_blank" href="/omim/606973">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1332/" ref="ncbi_uid=443957">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=443957" ref="ncbi_uid=443957">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/443957" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=443957&amp;link_uid=443957" title="View MedGen record for 'COG1 congenital disorder of glycosylation'">COG1 congenital disorder of glycosylation</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C4303552[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=929221">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=929221" target="_blank" href="/omim/606976">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1332/" ref="ncbi_uid=929221">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=929221" ref="ncbi_uid=929221">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/929221" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=929221&amp;link_uid=929221" title="View MedGen record for 'COG4-congenital disorder of glycosylation'">COG4-congenital disorder of glycosylation</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C3150876[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=462226">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=462226" target="_blank" href="/omim/606821">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1332/" ref="ncbi_uid=462226">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=462226" ref="ncbi_uid=462226">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/462226" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=462226&amp;link_uid=462226" title="View MedGen record for 'COG5-congenital disorder of glycosylation'">COG5-congenital disorder of glycosylation</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C3553230[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=766144">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=766144" target="_blank" href="/omim/606977">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=766144" ref="ncbi_uid=766144">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/766144" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=766144&amp;link_uid=766144" title="View MedGen record for 'COG6-congenital disorder of glycosylation'">COG6-congenital disorder of glycosylation</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C2931010[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=419311">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=419311" target="_blank" href="/omim/606978">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1332/" ref="ncbi_uid=419311">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=419311" ref="ncbi_uid=419311">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/419311" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=419311&amp;link_uid=419311" title="View MedGen record for 'COG7 congenital disorder of glycosylation'">COG7 congenital disorder of glycosylation</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1970021[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=409971">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=409971" target="_blank" href="/omim/606979">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1332/" ref="ncbi_uid=409971">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=409971" ref="ncbi_uid=409971">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/409971" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=409971&amp;link_uid=409971" title="View MedGen record for 'COG8-congenital disorder of glycosylation'">COG8-congenital disorder of glycosylation</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C3808991[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=815321">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=815321" target="_blank" href="/omim/610661">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK481554/" ref="ncbi_uid=815321">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=815321" ref="ncbi_uid=815321">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/815321" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=815321&amp;link_uid=815321" title="View MedGen record for 'Congenital disorder of deglycosylation'">Congenital disorder of deglycosylation</a></span><ul><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=CN306977[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=989503">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK481554/" ref="ncbi_uid=989503">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=989503" ref="ncbi_uid=989503">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/989503" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=989503&amp;link_uid=989503" title="View MedGen record for 'Congenital disorder of deglycosylation 1'">Congenital disorder of deglycosylation 1</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=1809253" target="_blank" href="/omim/154580">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=1809253" ref="ncbi_uid=1809253">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1809253" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=1809253&amp;link_uid=1809253" title="View MedGen record for 'Congenital disorder of deglycosylation 2'">Congenital disorder of deglycosylation 2</a></span></li></ul></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1837396[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=324784">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=324784" target="_blank" href="/omim/603503">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=324784" ref="ncbi_uid=324784">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/324784" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=324784&amp;link_uid=324784" title="View MedGen record for 'Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1E'">Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1E</a></span></li><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C5190603[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=1682844">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=1682844" target="_blank" href="/omim/603564">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1332/" ref="ncbi_uid=1682844">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=1682844" ref="ncbi_uid=1682844">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline">Congenital muscular dystrophy with intellectual disability and severe epilepsy</span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C4317295[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=1382656">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=1382656" target="_blank" href="/omim/300776">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=1382656" ref="ncbi_uid=1382656">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1382656" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=1382656&amp;link_uid=1382656" title="View MedGen record for 'Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, 36'">Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, 36</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1835849[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=332072">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=332072" target="_blank" href="/omim/610746">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1332/" ref="ncbi_uid=332072">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=332072" ref="ncbi_uid=332072">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/332072" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=332072&amp;link_uid=332072" title="View MedGen record for 'DK1-congenital disorder of glycosylation'">DK1-congenital disorder of glycosylation</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C2931004[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=419694">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=419694" target="_blank" href="/omim/191350">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1332/" ref="ncbi_uid=419694">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=419694" ref="ncbi_uid=419694">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/419694" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=419694&amp;link_uid=419694" title="View MedGen record for 'DPAGT1-congenital disorder of glycosylation'">DPAGT1-congenital disorder of glycosylation</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C2752007[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=414534">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=414534" target="_blank" href="/omim/605951">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1332/" ref="ncbi_uid=414534">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=414534" ref="ncbi_uid=414534">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/414534" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=414534&amp;link_uid=414534" title="View MedGen record for 'DPM3-congenital disorder of glycosylation'">DPM3-congenital disorder of glycosylation</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0398739[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=96022">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=96022" target="_blank" href="/omim/266265">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1332/" ref="ncbi_uid=96022">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=96022" ref="ncbi_uid=96022">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/96022" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=96022&amp;link_uid=96022" title="View MedGen record for 'Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type II'">Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type II</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C2931008[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=443956">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=443956" target="_blank" href="/omim/212066">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1332/" ref="ncbi_uid=443956">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=443956" ref="ncbi_uid=443956">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/443956" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=443956&amp;link_uid=443956" title="View MedGen record for 'MGAT2-congenital disorder of glycosylation'">MGAT2-congenital disorder of glycosylation</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1853736[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=342954">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=342954" target="_blank" href="/omim/601336">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1332/" ref="ncbi_uid=342954">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=342954" ref="ncbi_uid=342954">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/342954" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=342954&amp;link_uid=342954" title="View MedGen record for 'MOGS-congenital disorder of glycosylation'">MOGS-congenital disorder of glycosylation</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1836669[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=322968">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=322968" target="_blank" href="/omim/604041">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=322968" ref="ncbi_uid=322968">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/322968" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=322968&amp;link_uid=322968" title="View MedGen record for 'MPDU1-congenital disorder of glycosylation'">MPDU1-congenital disorder of glycosylation</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1865145[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=400692">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=400692" target="_blank" href="/omim/154550">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1332/" ref="ncbi_uid=400692">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=400692" ref="ncbi_uid=400692">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/400692" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=400692&amp;link_uid=400692" title="View MedGen record for 'MPI-congenital disorder of glycosylation'">MPI-congenital disorder of glycosylation</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C2752015[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=414536">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=414536" target="_blank" href="/omim/171900">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1332/" ref="ncbi_uid=414536">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=414536" ref="ncbi_uid=414536">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/414536" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=414536&amp;link_uid=414536" title="View MedGen record for 'PGM1-congenital disorder of glycosylation'">PGM1-congenital disorder of glycosylation</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0349653[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=138111">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=138111" target="_blank" href="/omim/212065">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/?term=(NBK1110%20OR%20NBK1332)%20AND%20gene%5Bbook%5D&amp;showtype=onebook" ref="ncbi_uid=138111">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=138111" ref="ncbi_uid=138111">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/138111" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=138111&amp;link_uid=138111" title="View MedGen record for 'PMM2-congenital disorder of glycosylation'">PMM2-congenital disorder of glycosylation</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C2677590[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=383145">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=383145" target="_blank" href="/omim/611908">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1332/" ref="ncbi_uid=383145">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=383145" ref="ncbi_uid=383145">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/383145" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=383145&amp;link_uid=383145" title="View MedGen record for 'RFT1-congenital disorder of glycosylation'">RFT1-congenital disorder of glycosylation</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1970344[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=370234">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=370234" target="_blank" href="/omim/603585">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1332/" ref="ncbi_uid=370234">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=370234" ref="ncbi_uid=370234">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/370234" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=370234&amp;link_uid=370234" title="View MedGen record for 'SLC35A1-congenital disorder of glycosylation'">SLC35A1-congenital disorder of glycosylation</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C4317224[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=1392124">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=1392124" target="_blank" href="/omim/611715">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1332/" ref="ncbi_uid=1392124">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=1392124" ref="ncbi_uid=1392124">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1392124" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=1392124&amp;link_uid=1392124" title="View MedGen record for 'SRD5A3-congenital disorder of glycosylation'">SRD5A3-congenital disorder of glycosylation</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/4347" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Disease">Disease</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/311052" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Non-Neoplastic Disorder">Non-Neoplastic Disorder</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/317955" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Non-Neoplastic Disorder by Special Category">Non-Neoplastic Disorder by Special Category</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/44376" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Metabolic disease">Metabolic disease</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/472889" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Carbohydrate metabolism disease">Carbohydrate metabolism disease</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/76469" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Congenital disorder of glycosylation">Congenital disorder of glycosylation</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Congenital muscular dystrophy with intellectual disability and severe epilepsy</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37182895">Brain MRI Abnormalities, Epilepsy and Intellectual Disability in LAMA2 Related Dystrophy - a Genotype/Phenotype Correlation.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Camelo CG,
Artilheiro MC,
Martins Moreno CA,
Ferraciolli SF,
Serafim Silva AM,
Fernandes TR,
Lucato LT,
Rocha AJ,
Reed UC,
Zanoteli E</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Neuromuscul Dis</span>
2023;10(4):483-492.
doi: 10.3233/JND-221638.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37182895" target="_blank">37182895</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10357150" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34559299">Diagnostic interest of whole-body MRI in early- and late-onset LAMA2 muscular dystrophies: a large international cohort.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Quijano-Roy S,
Haberlova J,
Castiglioni C,
Vissing J,
Munell F,
Rivier F,
Stojkovic T,
Malfatti E,
Gómez García de la Banda M,
Tasca G,
Costa Comellas L,
Benezit A,
Amthor H,
Dabaj I,
Gontijo Camelo C,
Laforêt P,
Rendu J,
Romero NB,
Cavassa E,
Fattori F,
Beroud C,
Zídková J,
Leboucq N,
Løkken N,
Sanchez-Montañez Á,
Ortega X,
Kynčl M,
Metay C,
Gómez-Andrés D,
Carlier RY</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Neurol</span>
2022 May;269(5):2414-2429.
Epub 2021 Sep 24
doi: 10.1007/s00415-021-10806-0.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34559299" target="_blank">34559299</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25500573">LAMA2-related congenital muscular dystrophy complicated by West syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Camacho A,
Núñez N,
Dekomien G,
Hernández-Laín A,
de Aragón AM,
Simón R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Paediatr Neurol</span>
2015 Mar;19(2):243-7.
Epub 2014 Dec 2
doi: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2014.11.005.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25500573" target="_blank">25500573</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Congenital%20muscular%20dystrophy%20with%20intellectual%20disability%20and%20severe%20epilepsy%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (3)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34559299">Diagnostic interest of whole-body MRI in early- and late-onset LAMA2 muscular dystrophies: a large international cohort.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Quijano-Roy S,
Haberlova J,
Castiglioni C,
Vissing J,
Munell F,
Rivier F,
Stojkovic T,
Malfatti E,
Gómez García de la Banda M,
Tasca G,
Costa Comellas L,
Benezit A,
Amthor H,
Dabaj I,
Gontijo Camelo C,
Laforêt P,
Rendu J,
Romero NB,
Cavassa E,
Fattori F,
Beroud C,
Zídková J,
Leboucq N,
Løkken N,
Sanchez-Montañez Á,
Ortega X,
Kynčl M,
Metay C,
Gómez-Andrés D,
Carlier RY</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Neurol</span>
2022 May;269(5):2414-2429.
Epub 2021 Sep 24
doi: 10.1007/s00415-021-10806-0.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34559299" target="_blank">34559299</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31580529">Two middle-aged women with the Finnish variant of muscle-eye-brain disease (MEB).</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Arvio M,
Määttänen L,
Haanpää M,
Lähdetie J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Genet A</span>
2019 Dec;179(12):2481-2485.
Epub 2019 Oct 3
doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61369.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31580529" target="_blank">31580529</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26310427">GMPPB-Associated Dystroglycanopathy: Emerging Common Variants with Phenotype Correlation.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Jensen BS,
Willer T,
Saade DN,
Cox MO,
Mozaffar T,
Scavina M,
Stefans VA,
Winder TL,
Campbell KP,
Moore SA,
Mathews KD</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Hum Mutat</span>
2015 Dec;36(12):1159-63.
Epub 2015 Sep 23
doi: 10.1002/humu.22898.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26310427" target="_blank">26310427</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4843780" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/9185183">Merosin positive congenital muscular dystrophy with mental deficiency, epilepsy and MRI changes in the cerebral white matter.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Echenne B,
Rivier F,
Jellali AJ,
Azais M,
Mornet D,
Pons F</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neuromuscul Disord</span>
1997 May;7(3):187-90.
doi: 10.1016/s0960-8966(97)00452-5.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/9185183" target="_blank">9185183</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Congenital%20muscular%20dystrophy%20with%20intellectual%20disability%20and%20severe%20epilepsy%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (4)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25500573">LAMA2-related congenital muscular dystrophy complicated by West syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Camacho A,
Núñez N,
Dekomien G,
Hernández-Laín A,
de Aragón AM,
Simón R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Paediatr Neurol</span>
2015 Mar;19(2):243-7.
Epub 2014 Dec 2
doi: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2014.11.005.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25500573" target="_blank">25500573</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Congenital%20muscular%20dystrophy%20with%20intellectual%20disability%20and%20severe%20epilepsy%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37182895">Brain MRI Abnormalities, Epilepsy and Intellectual Disability in LAMA2 Related Dystrophy - a Genotype/Phenotype Correlation.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Camelo CG,
Artilheiro MC,
Martins Moreno CA,
Ferraciolli SF,
Serafim Silva AM,
Fernandes TR,
Lucato LT,
Rocha AJ,
Reed UC,
Zanoteli E</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Neuromuscul Dis</span>
2023;10(4):483-492.
doi: 10.3233/JND-221638.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37182895" target="_blank">37182895</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10357150" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34559299">Diagnostic interest of whole-body MRI in early- and late-onset LAMA2 muscular dystrophies: a large international cohort.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Quijano-Roy S,
Haberlova J,
Castiglioni C,
Vissing J,
Munell F,
Rivier F,
Stojkovic T,
Malfatti E,
Gómez García de la Banda M,
Tasca G,
Costa Comellas L,
Benezit A,
Amthor H,
Dabaj I,
Gontijo Camelo C,
Laforêt P,
Rendu J,
Romero NB,
Cavassa E,
Fattori F,
Beroud C,
Zídková J,
Leboucq N,
Løkken N,
Sanchez-Montañez Á,
Ortega X,
Kynčl M,
Metay C,
Gómez-Andrés D,
Carlier RY</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Neurol</span>
2022 May;269(5):2414-2429.
Epub 2021 Sep 24
doi: 10.1007/s00415-021-10806-0.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34559299" target="_blank">34559299</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26310427">GMPPB-Associated Dystroglycanopathy: Emerging Common Variants with Phenotype Correlation.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Jensen BS,
Willer T,
Saade DN,
Cox MO,
Mozaffar T,
Scavina M,
Stefans VA,
Winder TL,
Campbell KP,
Moore SA,
Mathews KD</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Hum Mutat</span>
2015 Dec;36(12):1159-63.
Epub 2015 Sep 23
doi: 10.1002/humu.22898.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26310427" target="_blank">26310427</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4843780" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/3091775">Congenital muscular dystrophy and cerebral CT scan anomalies. Results of a collaborative study of the Société de Neurologie Infantile.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Echenne B,
Arthuis M,
Billard C,
Campos-Castello J,
Castel Y,
Dulac O,
Fontan D,
Gauthier A,
Kulakowski S,
De Meuron G</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Neurol Sci</span>
1986 Aug;75(1):7-22.
doi: 10.1016/0022-510x(86)90046-8.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/3091775" target="_blank">3091775</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Congenital%20muscular%20dystrophy%20with%20intellectual%20disability%20and%20severe%20epilepsy%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (4)</a></div></div>
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<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C5190603%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F18" target="_blank">Mutation scanning of select exons (1)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C5190603%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (27)</a></li>
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