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<meta name="keywords" content="C4748648, finding, increased left ventricular end-diastolic volume, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Abnormally high volume of blood in the left ventricle at the end of diastole (just before systole)." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<title>Increased left ventricular end-diastolic volume (Concept Id: C4748648)
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<!--
UID=1660169
ConceptID=C4748648
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Increased left ventricular end-diastolic volume</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1660169</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4748648</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>HPO:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0033755">HP:0033755</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">Abnormally high volume of blood in the left ventricle at the end of diastole (just before systole). [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline">Increased left ventricular end-diastolic volume</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/2848" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Disorder of cardiovascular system">Disorder of cardiovascular system</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/116727" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the cardiovascular system">Abnormality of the cardiovascular system</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869166" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal cardiovascular system physiology">Abnormal cardiovascular system physiology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/906971" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal cardiac ventricular function">Abnormal cardiac ventricular function</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/69237" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal left ventricular function">Abnormal left ventricular function</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1786857" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal left ventricular end-diastolic volume">Abnormal left ventricular end-diastolic volume</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Increased left ventricular end-diastolic volume</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_107893"><div><strong>3-Methylglutaconic aciduria type 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>107893</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0574083</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Barth syndrome is characterized in affected males by cardiomyopathy, neutropenia, skeletal myopathy, prepubertal growth delay, and distinctive facial gestalt (most evident in infancy); not all features may be present in a given affected male. Cardiomyopathy, which is almost always present before age five years, is typically dilated cardiomyopathy with or without endocardial fibroelastosis or left ventricular noncompaction; hypertrophic cardiomyopathy can also occur. Heart failure is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality; risk of arrhythmia and sudden death is increased. Neutropenia is most often associated with mouth ulcers, pneumonia, and sepsis. The nonprogressive myopathy predominantly affects the proximal muscles, and results in early motor delays. Prepubertal growth delay is followed by a postpubertal growth spurt with remarkable "catch-up" growth. Heterozygous females who have a normal karyotype are asymptomatic and have normal biochemical studies.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/107893">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_316943"><div><strong>Dilated cardiomyopathy 1D</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>316943</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1832243</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Left ventricular noncompaction is a heart (cardiac) muscle disorder that occurs when the lower left chamber of the heart (left ventricle), which helps the heart pump blood, does not develop correctly. Instead of the muscle being smooth and firm, the cardiac muscle in the left ventricle is thick and appears spongy. The abnormal cardiac muscle is weak and has an impaired ability to pump blood because it either cannot completely contract or it cannot completely relax. For the heart to pump blood normally, cardiac muscle must contract and relax fully.\n\nSome individuals with left ventricular noncompaction experience no symptoms at all; others have heart problems that can include sudden cardiac death. Additional signs and symptoms include abnormal blood clots, irregular heart rhythm (arrhythmia), a sensation of fluttering or pounding in the chest (palpitations), extreme fatigue during exercise (exercise intolerance), shortness of breath (dyspnea), fainting (syncope), swelling of the legs (lymphedema), and trouble laying down flat. Some affected individuals have features of other heart defects. Left ventricular noncompaction can be diagnosed at any age, from birth to late adulthood. Approximately two-thirds of individuals with left ventricular noncompaction develop heart failure.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/316943">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_316944"><div><strong>Dilated cardiomyopathy 1C</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>316944</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1832244</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An autosomal dominant subtype of dilated cardiomyopathy caused by mutation(s) in the LDB3 gene, encoding LIM domain-binding protein 3.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/316944">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_334498"><div><strong>Dilated cardiomyopathy 1M</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>334498</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1843808</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Any familial isolated dilated cardiomyopathy in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the CSRP3 gene.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/334498">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_335735"><div><strong>Dilated cardiomyopathy 1L</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>335735</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1847667</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Dilated cardiomyopathy, a disorder characterized by cardiac dilation and reduced systolic function, represents an outcome of a heterogeneous group of inherited and acquired disorders. For background and phenotypic information on dilated cardiomyopathy, see CMD1A (115200).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/335735">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_370583"><div><strong>Dilated cardiomyopathy 1X</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>370583</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1969024</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Any familial isolated dilated cardiomyopathy in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the FKTN gene.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/370583">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_370063"><div><strong>Dilated cardiomyopathy 1W</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>370063</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1969639</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An genetic condition that is a subtype of dilated cardiomyopathy caused by mutation(s) in the VCL gene, encoding vinculin.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/370063">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_437214"><div><strong>Dilated cardiomyopathy 2A</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>437214</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2678474</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A dilated cardiomyopathy that has material basis in mutation in the TNNI3 gene on chromosome 19q13.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/437214">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_437215"><div><strong>Dilated cardiomyopathy 1Y</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>437215</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2678476</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Dilated cardiomyopathy-1Y (CMD1Y) is characterized by severe progressive cardiac failure, resulting in death in the third to sixth decades of life in some patients. Electron microscopy shows an abnormal sarcomere structure (Olson et al., 2001).&#13; In left ventricular noncompaction-9 (LVNC9), patients may present with cardiac failure or may be asymptomatic. Echocardiography shows noncompaction of the apex and midventricular wall of the left ventricle (Probst et al., 2011). Some patients also exhibit Ebstein anomaly of the tricuspid valve (Kelle et al., 2016) and some have mitral valve insufficiency (Nijak et al., 2018).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/437215">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_412876"><div><strong>Dilated cardiomyopathy 1FF</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>412876</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2750091</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A dilated cardiomyopathy that has material basis in mutation in the TNNI3 gene on chromosome 19q13.42.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/412876">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_412965"><div><strong>Dilated cardiomyopathy 1EE</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>412965</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2750466</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Any familial isolated dilated cardiomyopathy in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the MYH6 gene.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/412965">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_413929"><div><strong>Dilated cardiomyopathy 1CC</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>413929</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2751084</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Any familial isolated dilated cardiomyopathy in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the NEXN gene.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/413929">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_414552"><div><strong>Dilated cardiomyopathy 1BB</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>414552</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2752072</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Dilated cardiomyopathy-1BB (CMD1BB) is a life-threatening, intractable disease characterized by ventricular dilation and thinning (Shiba et al., 2021).&#13; For a phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of dilated cardiomyopathy, see CMD1A (115200).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/414552">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_462031"><div><strong>Dilated cardiomyopathy 1R</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>462031</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3150681</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Any familial isolated dilated cardiomyopathy in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the ACTC1 gene.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/462031">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_462308"><div><strong>Dilated cardiomyopathy 1V</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>462308</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3150958</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Any familial isolated dilated cardiomyopathy in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the PSEN2 gene.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/462308">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_462643"><div><strong>Dilated cardiomyopathy 1HH</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>462643</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3151293</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An autosomal dominant subtype of dilated cardiomyopathy caused by mutation(s) in the BAG3 gene, encoding BAG family molecular chaperone regulator 3.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/462643">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_463620"><div><strong>Dilated cardiomyopathy 1U</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>463620</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3160720</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Any familial isolated dilated cardiomyopathy in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the PSEN1 gene.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/463620">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_767563"><div><strong>Dilated cardiomyopathy 1II</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>767563</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3554649</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Any familial isolated dilated cardiomyopathy in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the CRYAB gene.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/767563">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_777148"><div><strong>Dilated cardiomyopathy 3B</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>777148</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3668940</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The dystrophinopathies cover a spectrum of X-linked muscle disease ranging from mild to severe that includes Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Becker muscular dystrophy, and DMD-associated dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). The mild end of the spectrum includes the phenotypes of asymptomatic increase in serum concentration of creatine phosphokinase (CK) and muscle cramps with myoglobinuria. The severe end of the spectrum includes progressive muscle diseases that are classified as Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy when skeletal muscle is primarily affected and as DMD-associated DCM when the heart is primarily affected. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) usually presents in early childhood with delayed motor milestones including delays in walking independently and standing up from a supine position. Proximal weakness causes a waddling gait and difficulty climbing stairs, running, jumping, and standing up from a squatting position. DMD is rapidly progressive, with affected children being wheelchair dependent by age 12 years. Cardiomyopathy occurs in almost all individuals with DMD after age 18 years. Few survive beyond the third decade, with respiratory complications and progressive cardiomyopathy being common causes of death. Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) is characterized by later-onset skeletal muscle weakness. With improved diagnostic techniques, it has been recognized that the mild end of the spectrum includes men with onset of symptoms after age 30 years who remain ambulatory even into their 60s. Despite the milder skeletal muscle involvement, heart failure from DCM is a common cause of morbidity and the most common cause of death in BMD. Mean age of death is in the mid-40s. DMD-associated DCM is characterized by left ventricular dilatation and congestive heart failure. Females heterozygous for a DMD pathogenic variant are at increased risk for DCM.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/777148">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_811544"><div><strong>Dilated cardiomyopathy 1KK</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>811544</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3714995</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Any dilated cardiomyopathy in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the MYPN gene.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/811544">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_811617"><div><strong>Left ventricular noncompaction 10</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>811617</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3715165</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Left ventricular noncompaction is a heart (cardiac) muscle disorder that occurs when the lower left chamber of the heart (left ventricle), which helps the heart pump blood, does not develop correctly. Instead of the muscle being smooth and firm, the cardiac muscle in the left ventricle is thick and appears spongy. The abnormal cardiac muscle is weak and has an impaired ability to pump blood because it either cannot completely contract or it cannot completely relax. For the heart to pump blood normally, cardiac muscle must contract and relax fully.\n\nSome individuals with left ventricular noncompaction experience no symptoms at all; others have heart problems that can include sudden cardiac death. Additional signs and symptoms include abnormal blood clots, irregular heart rhythm (arrhythmia), a sensation of fluttering or pounding in the chest (palpitations), extreme fatigue during exercise (exercise intolerance), shortness of breath (dyspnea), fainting (syncope), swelling of the legs (lymphedema), and trouble laying down flat. Some affected individuals have features of other heart defects. Left ventricular noncompaction can be diagnosed at any age, from birth to late adulthood. Approximately two-thirds of individuals with left ventricular noncompaction develop heart failure.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/811617">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_863093"><div><strong>Dilated cardiomyopathy 1NN</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>863093</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4014656</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Any familial isolated dilated cardiomyopathy in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the RAF1 gene.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/863093">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1802616"><div><strong>Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 2F</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1802616</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5676917</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Dilated cardiomyopathy-2F (CMD2F) is an autosomal recessive early-onset cardiomyopathy associated with refractory ventricular arrhythmias and severe heart failure requiring placement of a left ventricular assist device (Hakui et al., 2022).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of dilated cardiomyopathy, see 115200.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1802616">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1823999"><div><strong>Cardiac valvular dysplasia 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1823999</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5774226</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Cardiac valvular dysplasia-2 (CVDP2) is characterized primarily by congenital stenosis and insufficiency of the semilunar valves, although mild insufficiency of the atrioventricular valves has been observed as well. Other features include subaortic stenosis and dilation of the ascending aorta and/or pulmonary artery in some patients (Wunnemann et al., 2020; Massadeh et al., 2020).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of CVDP, see CVDP1 (212093).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1823999">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_107893" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">3-Methylglutaconic aciduria type 2</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1823999" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cardiac valvular dysplasia 2</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1802616" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 2F</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_414552" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dilated cardiomyopathy 1BB</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_316944" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dilated cardiomyopathy 1C</a></div><div class="jig-moreless" data-jigconfig="class: 'moveDown', moreText: 'See full list (24)', lessText: 'Show less', nodeBefore: 0"><span id="clinMore">
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_413929" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dilated cardiomyopathy 1CC</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_316943" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dilated cardiomyopathy 1D</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_412965" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dilated cardiomyopathy 1EE</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_412876" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dilated cardiomyopathy 1FF</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_462643" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dilated cardiomyopathy 1HH</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_767563" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dilated cardiomyopathy 1II</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_811544" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dilated cardiomyopathy 1KK</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_335735" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dilated cardiomyopathy 1L</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_334498" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dilated cardiomyopathy 1M</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_863093" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dilated cardiomyopathy 1NN</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_462031" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dilated cardiomyopathy 1R</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_463620" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dilated cardiomyopathy 1U</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_462308" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dilated cardiomyopathy 1V</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_370063" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dilated cardiomyopathy 1W</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_370583" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dilated cardiomyopathy 1X</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_437215" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dilated cardiomyopathy 1Y</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_437214" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dilated cardiomyopathy 2A</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_777148" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dilated cardiomyopathy 3B</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_811617" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Left ventricular noncompaction 10</a></div></span></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/10562">Treatment of angina pectoris. Pharmacologic approaches.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Aronow WS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Postgrad Med</span>
1976 Nov;60(5):100-6.
doi: 10.1080/00325481.1976.11714477.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/10562" target="_blank">10562</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22increased%20left%20ventricular%20end-diastolic%20volume%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (1)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37949338">Increased Left Ventricular End-Diastolic Volume Index Is Associated With Increased Adverse Events After MitraClip Implantation.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Yoshikawa M,
Arashi H,
Kikuchi N,
Koyanagi-Saito C,
Domoto S,
Niinami H,
Yamaguchi J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Cardiol</span>
2024 Jan 15;211:106-111.
Epub 2023 Nov 10
doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2023.10.090.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37949338" target="_blank">37949338</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37186094">The haemodynamic effects of phenylephrine after cardiac surgery.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Juhl-Olsen P,
Berg-Hansen K,
Nørskov J,
Enevoldsen J,
Hermansen JL</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Acta Anaesthesiol Scand</span>
2023 Aug;67(7):869-876.
Epub 2023 Apr 25
doi: 10.1111/aas.14256.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37186094" target="_blank">37186094</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35238105">Recurrent births (multiparity) lead to permanent changes in cardiac structure.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Yılmaz M,
Korkmaz H</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Obstet Gynaecol Res</span>
2022 Apr;48(4):946-955.
Epub 2022 Mar 2
doi: 10.1111/jog.15172.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35238105" target="_blank">35238105</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33433745">Prognosis of early pre-discharge and late left ventricular dilatation by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging after acute myocardial infarction.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sinn MR,
Lund GK,
Muellerleile K,
Freiwald E,
Saeed M,
Avanesov M,
Lenz A,
Starekova J,
von Kodolitsch Y,
Blankenberg S,
Adam G,
Tahir E</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int J Cardiovasc Imaging</span>
2021 May;37(5):1711-1720.
Epub 2021 Jan 12
doi: 10.1007/s10554-020-02136-5.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33433745" target="_blank">33433745</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8105219" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24563008">Scar tissue and microvolt T-wave alternans.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kraaier K,
Olimulder MA,
Galjee MA,
van Dessel PF,
van der Palen J,
Wilde AA,
Scholten MF</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int J Cardiovasc Imaging</span>
2014 Apr;30(4):773-9.
Epub 2014 Feb 23
doi: 10.1007/s10554-014-0389-9.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24563008" target="_blank">24563008</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Increased%20left%20ventricular%20end-diastolic%20volume%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (16)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37830338">Randomized Controlled Trial of Moderate- and High-Intensity Exercise Training in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Effects on Fitness and Cardiovascular Response to Exercise.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">MacNamara JP,
Dias KA,
Hearon CM Jr,
Ivey E,
Delgado VA,
Saland S,
Samels M,
Hieda M,
Turer AT,
Link MS,
Sarma S,
Levine BD</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Am Heart Assoc</span>
2023 Oct 17;12(20):e031399.
Epub 2023 Oct 13
doi: 10.1161/JAHA.123.031399.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37830338" target="_blank">37830338</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10757533" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37820551">Impact of a Center of Excellence in Confirming or Excluding a Diagnosis of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Farrar E,
Bilchick KC,
Gadi SR,
Hosadurg N,
Kramer CM,
Patel AR,
Mcclean K,
Thomas M,
Ayers MP</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Cardiol</span>
2023 Dec 1;208:83-91.
Epub 2023 Oct 10
doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2023.09.040.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37820551" target="_blank">37820551</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10792590" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35238105">Recurrent births (multiparity) lead to permanent changes in cardiac structure.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Yılmaz M,
Korkmaz H</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Obstet Gynaecol Res</span>
2022 Apr;48(4):946-955.
Epub 2022 Mar 2
doi: 10.1111/jog.15172.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35238105" target="_blank">35238105</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33433745">Prognosis of early pre-discharge and late left ventricular dilatation by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging after acute myocardial infarction.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sinn MR,
Lund GK,
Muellerleile K,
Freiwald E,
Saeed M,
Avanesov M,
Lenz A,
Starekova J,
von Kodolitsch Y,
Blankenberg S,
Adam G,
Tahir E</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int J Cardiovasc Imaging</span>
2021 May;37(5):1711-1720.
Epub 2021 Jan 12
doi: 10.1007/s10554-020-02136-5.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33433745" target="_blank">33433745</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8105219" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/8411551">Accuracy and reproducibility of precordial percussion and palpation for detecting increased left ventricular end-diastolic volume and mass. A comparison of physical findings and ultrafast computed tomography of the heart.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Heckerling PS,
Wiener SL,
Wolfkiel CJ,
Kushner MS,
Dodin EM,
Jelnin V,
Fusman B,
Chomka EV</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAMA</span>
1993 Oct 27;270(16):1943-8.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/8411551" target="_blank">8411551</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Increased%20left%20ventricular%20end-diastolic%20volume%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (11)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37830338">Randomized Controlled Trial of Moderate- and High-Intensity Exercise Training in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Effects on Fitness and Cardiovascular Response to Exercise.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">MacNamara JP,
Dias KA,
Hearon CM Jr,
Ivey E,
Delgado VA,
Saland S,
Samels M,
Hieda M,
Turer AT,
Link MS,
Sarma S,
Levine BD</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Am Heart Assoc</span>
2023 Oct 17;12(20):e031399.
Epub 2023 Oct 13
doi: 10.1161/JAHA.123.031399.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37830338" target="_blank">37830338</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10757533" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37186094">The haemodynamic effects of phenylephrine after cardiac surgery.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Juhl-Olsen P,
Berg-Hansen K,
Nørskov J,
Enevoldsen J,
Hermansen JL</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Acta Anaesthesiol Scand</span>
2023 Aug;67(7):869-876.
Epub 2023 Apr 25
doi: 10.1111/aas.14256.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37186094" target="_blank">37186094</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35450573">Effects of Metoprolol on Exercise Hemodynamics in Patients With Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Dybro AM,
Rasmussen TB,
Nielsen RR,
Ladefoged BT,
Andersen MJ,
Jensen MK,
Poulsen SH</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Am Coll Cardiol</span>
2022 Apr 26;79(16):1565-1575.
doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2022.02.024.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35450573" target="_blank">35450573</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33433745">Prognosis of early pre-discharge and late left ventricular dilatation by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging after acute myocardial infarction.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sinn MR,
Lund GK,
Muellerleile K,
Freiwald E,
Saeed M,
Avanesov M,
Lenz A,
Starekova J,
von Kodolitsch Y,
Blankenberg S,
Adam G,
Tahir E</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int J Cardiovasc Imaging</span>
2021 May;37(5):1711-1720.
Epub 2021 Jan 12
doi: 10.1007/s10554-020-02136-5.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33433745" target="_blank">33433745</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8105219" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33268341">The effect of tiotropium/olodaterol versus fluticasone propionate/salmeterol on left ventricular filling and lung hyperinflation in patients with COPD.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Herth F,
Hohlfeld JM,
Haas J,
de la Hoz A,
Jin X,
Kreitner KF,
Vogelmeier C,
Vogel-Claussen J,
Watz H</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">BMJ Open Respir Res</span>
2020 Dec;7(1)
doi: 10.1136/bmjresp-2020-000741.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33268341" target="_blank">33268341</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7713210" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Increased%20left%20ventricular%20end-diastolic%20volume%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (9)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37949338">Increased Left Ventricular End-Diastolic Volume Index Is Associated With Increased Adverse Events After MitraClip Implantation.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Yoshikawa M,
Arashi H,
Kikuchi N,
Koyanagi-Saito C,
Domoto S,
Niinami H,
Yamaguchi J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Cardiol</span>
2024 Jan 15;211:106-111.
Epub 2023 Nov 10
doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2023.10.090.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37949338" target="_blank">37949338</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37820551">Impact of a Center of Excellence in Confirming or Excluding a Diagnosis of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Farrar E,
Bilchick KC,
Gadi SR,
Hosadurg N,
Kramer CM,
Patel AR,
Mcclean K,
Thomas M,
Ayers MP</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Cardiol</span>
2023 Dec 1;208:83-91.
Epub 2023 Oct 10
doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2023.09.040.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37820551" target="_blank">37820551</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10792590" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35238105">Recurrent births (multiparity) lead to permanent changes in cardiac structure.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Yılmaz M,
Korkmaz H</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Obstet Gynaecol Res</span>
2022 Apr;48(4):946-955.
Epub 2022 Mar 2
doi: 10.1111/jog.15172.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35238105" target="_blank">35238105</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33433745">Prognosis of early pre-discharge and late left ventricular dilatation by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging after acute myocardial infarction.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sinn MR,
Lund GK,
Muellerleile K,
Freiwald E,
Saeed M,
Avanesov M,
Lenz A,
Starekova J,
von Kodolitsch Y,
Blankenberg S,
Adam G,
Tahir E</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int J Cardiovasc Imaging</span>
2021 May;37(5):1711-1720.
Epub 2021 Jan 12
doi: 10.1007/s10554-020-02136-5.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33433745" target="_blank">33433745</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8105219" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33268341">The effect of tiotropium/olodaterol versus fluticasone propionate/salmeterol on left ventricular filling and lung hyperinflation in patients with COPD.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Herth F,
Hohlfeld JM,
Haas J,
de la Hoz A,
Jin X,
Kreitner KF,
Vogelmeier C,
Vogel-Claussen J,
Watz H</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">BMJ Open Respir Res</span>
2020 Dec;7(1)
doi: 10.1136/bmjresp-2020-000741.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33268341" target="_blank">33268341</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7713210" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Increased%20left%20ventricular%20end-diastolic%20volume%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (13)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37949338">Increased Left Ventricular End-Diastolic Volume Index Is Associated With Increased Adverse Events After MitraClip Implantation.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Yoshikawa M,
Arashi H,
Kikuchi N,
Koyanagi-Saito C,
Domoto S,
Niinami H,
Yamaguchi J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Cardiol</span>
2024 Jan 15;211:106-111.
Epub 2023 Nov 10
doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2023.10.090.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37949338" target="_blank">37949338</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37820551">Impact of a Center of Excellence in Confirming or Excluding a Diagnosis of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Farrar E,
Bilchick KC,
Gadi SR,
Hosadurg N,
Kramer CM,
Patel AR,
Mcclean K,
Thomas M,
Ayers MP</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Cardiol</span>
2023 Dec 1;208:83-91.
Epub 2023 Oct 10
doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2023.09.040.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37820551" target="_blank">37820551</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10792590" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35450573">Effects of Metoprolol on Exercise Hemodynamics in Patients With Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Dybro AM,
Rasmussen TB,
Nielsen RR,
Ladefoged BT,
Andersen MJ,
Jensen MK,
Poulsen SH</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Am Coll Cardiol</span>
2022 Apr 26;79(16):1565-1575.
doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2022.02.024.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35450573" target="_blank">35450573</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35238105">Recurrent births (multiparity) lead to permanent changes in cardiac structure.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Yılmaz M,
Korkmaz H</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Obstet Gynaecol Res</span>
2022 Apr;48(4):946-955.
Epub 2022 Mar 2
doi: 10.1111/jog.15172.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35238105" target="_blank">35238105</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33433745">Prognosis of early pre-discharge and late left ventricular dilatation by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging after acute myocardial infarction.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sinn MR,
Lund GK,
Muellerleile K,
Freiwald E,
Saeed M,
Avanesov M,
Lenz A,
Starekova J,
von Kodolitsch Y,
Blankenberg S,
Adam G,
Tahir E</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int J Cardiovasc Imaging</span>
2021 May;37(5):1711-1720.
Epub 2021 Jan 12
doi: 10.1007/s10554-020-02136-5.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33433745" target="_blank">33433745</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8105219" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
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