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<meta name="keywords" content="C0003507, aortic stenosis, aortic valve stenoses, aortic valve stenosis, as, narrowing of aortic valve, pathologic function, stenosed aortic valve, stenoses, aortic, stenoses, aortic valve, stenosis of aortic valve, stenosis, aortic, stenosis, aortic valve, valve stenoses, aortic, valve stenosis, aortic, valvular aortic stenosis, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="The presence of a stenosis (narrowing) of the aortic valve." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<!--
UID=1621
ConceptID=C0003507
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Aortic valve stenosis</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1621</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0003507</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Pathologic Function</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonym:</td>
<td>Aortic stenosis</td></tr>
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
<td>Aortic valve stenosis (60573004); Stenosed aortic valve (60573004)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001650">HP:0001650</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0042981" target="_blank">MONDO:0042981</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>OMIM<span class="superscript">®</span>:</td>
<td><a href="https://omim.org/entry/614823" target="_blank">614823</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table></div><div class="rprt-body jig-ncbiinpagenav" data-jigconfig="smoothScroll: false, gotoTopLink: true, gotoTopLinkText: '', gotoTopLinkAttrs: {'title': 'Go to the top of the page'},allHeadingLevels: ['h1'], topOfPageTOC: true, tocId: 'my-toc'"><div id="rprt-tabs-1" class="rprt-tab"><div id="tb-termsProp-1"><div class="leftCol mgCol"><div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">The presence of a stenosis (narrowing) of the aortic valve. [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1260873[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=226776">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=226776" target="_blank" href="/omim/109730">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=226776" ref="ncbi_uid=226776">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/226776" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=226776&amp;link_uid=226776" title="View MedGen record for 'Aortic valve disorder'">Aortic valve disorder</a></span><ul><li class="TLclosed"><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/451016" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=451016&amp;link_uid=451016" title="View MedGen record for 'Aortic valve atresia'">Aortic valve atresia</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=140899" target="_blank" href="/omim/109730">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/140899" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=140899&amp;link_uid=140899" title="View MedGen record for 'Aortic valve calcification'">Aortic valve calcification</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C3887892[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=854610">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=854610" target="_blank" href="/omim/109730">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=854610" ref="ncbi_uid=854610">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/854610" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=854610&amp;link_uid=854610" title="View MedGen record for 'Aortic valve disease 1'">Aortic valve disease 1</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C3542024[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=762200">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=762200" target="_blank" href="/omim/602931">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=762200" ref="ncbi_uid=762200">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/762200" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=762200&amp;link_uid=762200" title="View MedGen record for 'Aortic valve disease 2'">Aortic valve disease 2</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C5193127[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=1681142">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=1681142" target="_blank" href="/omim/607528">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=1681142" ref="ncbi_uid=1681142">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1681142" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=1681142&amp;link_uid=1681142" title="View MedGen record for 'Aortic valve disease 3'">Aortic valve disease 3</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1619" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=1619&amp;link_uid=1619" title="View MedGen record for 'Aortic valve prolapse'">Aortic valve prolapse</a></span></li><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=1621" target="_blank" href="/omim/614823">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=1621" ref="ncbi_uid=1621">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline">Aortic valve stenosis</span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1670287" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=1670287&amp;link_uid=1670287" title="View MedGen record for 'Familial bicuspid aortic valve'">Familial bicuspid aortic valve</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/232130" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Disorder by Site">Disorder by Site</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/2848" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Disorder of cardiovascular system">Disorder of cardiovascular system</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/116727" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the cardiovascular system">Abnormality of the cardiovascular system</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869166" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal cardiovascular system physiology">Abnormal cardiovascular system physiology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1632330" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal heart valve physiology">Abnormal heart valve physiology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1637769" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal aortic valve physiology">Abnormal aortic valve physiology</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Aortic valve stenosis</span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/90950" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Subvalvular aortic stenosis">Subvalvular aortic stenosis</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/3867" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Discrete subaortic stenosis">Discrete subaortic stenosis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/2881" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy">Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1671104" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy">Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/104705" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Asymmetric septal hypertrophy">Asymmetric septal hypertrophy</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/68651" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Concentric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy">Concentric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/183649" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Primary familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy">Primary familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/336467" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Membranous subvalvular aortic stenosis">Membranous subvalvular aortic stenosis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/854407" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Muscular subvalvular aortic stenosis">Muscular subvalvular aortic stenosis</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/2001" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Supravalvar aortic stenosis">Supravalvar aortic stenosis</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/59799" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Williams syndrome">Williams syndrome</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_6453"><div><strong>Mucopolysaccharidosis, MPS-I-S</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>6453</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0026708</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is a progressive multisystem disorder with features ranging over a continuum of severity. While affected individuals have traditionally been classified as having one of three MPS I syndromes (Hurler syndrome, Hurler-Scheie syndrome, or Scheie syndrome), no easily measurable biochemical differences have been identified and the clinical findings overlap. Affected individuals are best described as having either a phenotype consistent with either severe (Hurler syndrome) or attenuated MPS I, a distinction that influences therapeutic options. Severe MPS I: Infants appear normal at birth. Typical early manifestations are nonspecific (e.g., umbilical or inguinal hernia, frequent upper respiratory tract infections before age 1 year). Coarsening of the facial features may not become apparent until after age one year. Gibbus deformity of the lower spine is common and often noted within the first year. Progressive skeletal dysplasia (dysostosis multiplex) involving all bones is universal, as is progressive arthropathy involving most joints. By age three years, linear growth decreases. Intellectual disability is progressive and profound but may not be readily apparent in the first year of life. Progressive cardiorespiratory involvement, hearing loss, and corneal clouding are common. Without treatment, death (typically from cardiorespiratory failure) usually occurs within the first ten years of life. Attenuated MPS I: Clinical onset is usually between ages three and ten years. The severity and rate of disease progression range from serious life-threatening complications leading to death in the second to third decade, to a normal life span complicated by significant disability from progressive joint manifestations and cardiorespiratory disease. While some individuals have no neurologic involvement and psychomotor development may be normal in early childhood, learning disabilities and psychiatric manifestations can be present later in life. Hearing loss, cardiac valvular disease, respiratory involvement, and corneal clouding are common.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/6453">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_43376"><div><strong>Mucopolysaccharidosis, MPS-IV-B</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>43376</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0086652</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">GLB1-related disorders comprise two phenotypically distinct lysosomal storage disorders: GM1 gangliosidosis and mucopolysaccharidosis type IVB (MPS IVB). The phenotype of GM1 gangliosidosis constitutes a spectrum ranging from severe (infantile) to intermediate (late-infantile and juvenile) to mild (chronic/adult). Type I (infantile) GM1 gangliosidosis begins before age 12 months. Prenatal manifestations may include nonimmune hydrops fetalis, intrauterine growth restriction, and placental vacuolization; congenital dermal melanocytosis (Mongolian spots) may be observed. Macular cherry-red spot is detected on eye exam. Progressive central nervous system dysfunction leads to spasticity and rapid regression; blindness, deafness, decerebrate rigidity, seizures, feeding difficulties, and oral secretions are observed. Life expectancy is two to three years. Type II can be subdivided into the late-infantile (onset age 1-3 years) and juvenile (onset age 3-10 years) phenotypes. Central nervous system dysfunction manifests as progressive cognitive, motor, and speech decline as measured by psychometric testing. There may be mild corneal clouding, hepatosplenomegaly, and/or cardiomyopathy; the typical course is characterized by progressive neurologic decline, progressive skeletal disease in some individuals (including kyphosis and avascular necrosis of the femoral heads), and progressive feeding difficulties leading to aspiration risk. Type III begins in late childhood to the third decade with generalized dystonia leading to unsteady gait and speech disturbance followed by extrapyramidal signs including akinetic-rigid parkinsonism. Cardiomyopathy develops in some and skeletal involvement occurs in most. Intellectual impairment is common late in the disease with prognosis directly related to the degree of neurologic impairment. MPS IVB is characterized by skeletal dysplasia with specific findings of axial and appendicular dysostosis multiplex, short stature (below 15th centile in adults), kyphoscoliosis, coxa/genu valga, joint laxity, platyspondyly, and odontoid hypoplasia. First signs and symptoms may be apparent at birth. Bony involvement is progressive, with more than 84% of adults requiring ambulation aids; life span does not appear to be limited. Corneal clouding is detected in some individuals and cardiac valvular disease may develop.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/43376">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_82682"><div><strong>Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>82682</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0264511</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis is a benign lymphoproliferative disorder of the lung that is characterized by the presence of a dense, predominantly lymphocytic interstitial infiltrate (lymphocytes, plasma cells, other elements of the lymphoreticular system) that expands the alveolar septa.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/82682">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_120540"><div><strong>Pallister-Killian syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>120540</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0265449</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Pallister-Killian syndrome (PKS) is a dysmorphic condition involving most organ systems, but is also characterized by a tissue-limited mosaicism; most fibroblasts have 47 chromosomes with an extra small metacentric chromosome, whereas the karyotype of lymphocytes is normal. The extra metacentric chromosome is an isochromosome for part of the short arm of chromosome 12: i(12)(p10) (Peltomaki et al., 1987; Warburton et al., 1987).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/120540">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_96605"><div><strong>Deletion of long arm of chromosome 18</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>96605</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0432443</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Monosomy 18q is a partial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 18 characterized by highly variable phenotype, most commonly including hypotonia, developmental delay, short stature, growth hormone deficiency, hearing loss and external ear anomalies, intellectual disability, palatal defects, dysmorphic facial features, skeletal anomalies (foot deformities, tapering fingers, scoliosis) and mood disorders.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/96605">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_162897"><div><strong>Kabuki syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>162897</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0796004</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Kabuki syndrome (KS) is characterized by typical facial features (long palpebral fissures with eversion of the lateral third of the lower eyelid; arched and broad eyebrows; short columella with depressed nasal tip; large, prominent, or cupped ears), minor skeletal anomalies, persistence of fetal fingertip pads, mild-to-moderate intellectual disability, and postnatal growth deficiency. Other findings may include: congenital heart defects, genitourinary anomalies, cleft lip and/or palate, gastrointestinal anomalies including anal atresia, ptosis and strabismus, and widely spaced teeth and hypodontia. Functional differences can include: increased susceptibility to infections and autoimmune disorders, seizures, endocrinologic abnormalities (including isolated premature thelarche in females), feeding problems, and hearing loss.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/162897">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_167103"><div><strong>Myhre syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>167103</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0796081</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Myhre syndrome is a multisystem progressive connective tissue disorder that often results in significant complications. The highly distinctive (and often severe) findings of joint stiffness, restrictive lung and cardiovascular disease, progressive and proliferative fibrosis, and thickening of the skin usually occur spontaneously. Some proliferation such as abnormal scarring or adhesions may follow trauma, invasive medical procedures, or surgery. Effusions of the heart, airways, lungs, uterus, and peritoneum may occur and can progress to fibrosis. Most affected individuals have characteristic facial features (short palpebral fissures, deeply set eyes, maxillary underdevelopment, short philtrum, thin vermilion of the upper lip, narrow mouth, and prognathism) and developmental delay / cognitive disability, typically in the mild-to-moderate range. Neurobehavioral issues may include autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and/or anxiety. Although immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgA deficiency are rare, affected individuals can experience recurrent infections (including otitis media, sinusitis, mastoiditis, or croup). Hearing loss can progress over time. Growth may be impaired in early life. Most adolescents develop obesity. Eye findings can include refractive errors, astigmatism, corectopia, and optic nerve anomalies. Gastrointestinal (GI) issues may include gastroesophageal reflux disease, constipation, and encopresis. Less commonly, stenosis of the GI tract, Hirschsprung disease, and/or metabolic dysfunction-associated liver disease may be observed.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/167103">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_224702"><div><strong>Progeroid short stature with pigmented nevi</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>224702</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1261128</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Mulvihill-Smith syndrome is characterized by premature aging, multiple pigmented nevi, lack of facial subcutaneous fat, microcephaly, short stature, sensorineural hearing loss, and mental retardation. Immunodeficiency may also be a feature. Adult manifestations include the development of tumors, a sleep disorder with severe insomnia, and cognitive decline (summary by Yagihashi et al., 2009).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/224702">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_220393"><div><strong>von Willebrand disease type 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>220393</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1264039</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Von Willebrand disease (VWD) is characterized by mucocutaneous bleeding and excessive bleeding with trauma and procedures. Individuals with more severe forms of VWD are also at-risk for musculoskeletal bleeding. Mucocutaneous bleeding can include easy bruising, prolonged bleeding from minor wounds, epistaxis, oral cavity bleeding, heavy menstrual bleeding, gastrointestinal bleeding, and bleeding with hemostatic challenges such as dental work, childbirth, and surgery. Bleeding severity can vary widely in VWD, even between affected individuals within the same family. For some with VWD the bleeding phenotype may only become apparent upon hemostatic challenge, while others may have frequent spontaneous bleeding.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/220393">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_323030"><div><strong>Emanuel syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>323030</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1836929</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Emanuel syndrome is characterized by pre- and postnatal growth deficiency, microcephaly, hypotonia, severe developmental delays, ear anomalies, preauricular tags or pits, cleft or high-arched palate, congenital heart defects, kidney abnormalities, and genital abnormalities in males.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/323030">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_373381"><div><strong>Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia with congenital joint dislocations</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>373381</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1837657</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Chondrodysplasia with congenital joint dislocations, CHST3-related (CDCJD-CHST3) is characterized by short stature of prenatal onset, joint dislocations (knees, hips, radial heads), clubfeet, and limitation of range of motion that can involve all large joints. Kyphosis and occasionally scoliosis with slight shortening of the trunk develop in childhood. Minor heart valve dysplasia has been described in several persons. Intellect and vision are normal.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/373381">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_337547"><div><strong>Oculofaciocardiodental syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>337547</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1846265</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Oculofaciocardiodental (OFCD) syndrome is a condition that affects the development of the eyes (oculo-), facial features (facio-), heart (cardio-), and teeth (dental). \n\nThe eye abnormalities associated with OFCD syndrome can affect one or both eyes. Many people with this condition are born with eyeballs that are abnormally small (microphthalmia). Other eye problems can include clouding of the lens (cataract) and a high risk of glaucoma, an eye disease that increases the pressure in the eye. These abnormalities can lead to vision loss or blindness.\n\nPeople with OFCD syndrome often have a long, narrow face with distinctive facial features, including deep-set eyes, droopy eyelids (ptosis), and a nose with a high bridge and broad tip. Affected individuals may have a split (cleft) in their nose or in the roof of their mouth (cleft palate).\n\nHeart defects are another common feature of OFCD syndrome. Babies with this condition may be born with a hole between two chambers of the heart (an atrial or ventricular septal defect) or a leak in one of the valves that controls blood flow through the heart (mitral valve prolapse).\n\nTeeth with very large roots (radiculomegaly) are characteristic of OFCD syndrome. Additional dental abnormalities can include the delayed loss of primary (baby) teeth, missing or abnormally small teeth, delayed teething (dentition), misaligned teeth, and defective tooth enamel.\n\nIndividuals with OFCD syndrome can have additional features, such as skeletal abnormalities (typically affecting the toes), hearing loss, and intellectual disabilities. </div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/337547">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_376472"><div><strong>Teebi-Shaltout syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>376472</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1848912</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Teebi-Shaltout syndrome is characterized by slow hair growth, scaphocephaly with prominent forehead, bitemporal depression, absence of primary teeth, camptodactyly, and caudal appendage with sacral dimple (summary by Aldemir et al., 2013).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/376472">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_340743"><div><strong>GNPTG-mucolipidosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>340743</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1854896</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Mucolipidosis III gamma (ML III?) is a slowly progressive inborn error of metabolism mainly affecting skeletal, joint, and connective tissues. Clinical onset is in early childhood; the progressive course results in severe functional impairment and significant morbidity from chronic pain. Cardiorespiratory complications (restrictive lung disease from thoracic involvement, and thickening and insufficiency of the mitral and aortic valves) are rarely clinically significant. A few (probably &lt;10%) affected individuals display mild cognitive impairment.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/340743">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_340943"><div><strong>Baraitser-Winter syndrome 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>340943</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1855722</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Baraitser-Winter cerebrofrontofacial (BWCFF) syndrome is a multiple congenital anomaly syndrome characterized by typical craniofacial features and intellectual disability. Many (but not all) affected individuals have pachygyria that is predominantly frontal, wasting of the shoulder girdle muscles, and sensory impairment due to iris or retinal coloboma and/or sensorineural deafness. Intellectual disability, which is common but variable, is related to the severity of the brain malformations. Seizures, congenital heart defects, renal malformations, and gastrointestinal dysfunction are also common.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/340943">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_341751"><div><strong>Dandy-Walker malformation-postaxial polydactyly syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>341751</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1857351</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A syndromic disorder with the association between Dandy-Walker malformation and postaxial polydactyly as a major feature. The Dandy-Walker malformation has a variable expression and characteristics of a posterior fossa cyst communicating with the fourth ventricle, the partial or complete absence of the cerebellar vermis, and facultative hydrocephalus. Postaxial polydactyly includes tetramelic postaxial polydactyly of hands and feet with possible enlargement of the fifth metacarpal and metatarsal bones, as well as bifid fifth metacarpals.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/341751">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_347942"><div><strong>Arterial tortuosity syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>347942</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1859726</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Arterial tortuosity syndrome (ATS) is characterized by widespread elongation and tortuosity of the aorta and mid-sized arteries as well as focal stenosis of segments of the pulmonary arteries and/or aorta combined with findings of a generalized connective tissue disorder, which may include soft or doughy hyperextensible skin, joint hypermobility, inguinal hernia, and diaphragmatic hernia. Skeletal findings include pectus excavatum or carinatum, arachnodactyly, scoliosis, knee/elbow contractures, and camptodactyly. The cardiovascular system is the major source of morbidity and mortality with increased risk at any age for aneurysm formation and dissection both at the aortic root and throughout the arterial tree, and for ischemic vascular events involving cerebrovascular circulation (resulting in non-hemorrhagic stroke) and the abdominal arteries (resulting in infarctions of abdominal organs).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/347942">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_354631"><div><strong>Calcific aortic disease with immunologic abnormalities, familial</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>354631</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1861974</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/354631">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_349495"><div><strong>Atrial septal defect 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>349495</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1862389</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) is a common congenital heart malformation that occurs as an isolated anomaly in 10% of individuals with congenital heart disease. Uncorrected ASD can cause pulmonary overcirculation, right heart volume overload, and premature death (summary by Benson et al., 1998).&#13; Genetic Heterogeneity of Atrial Septal Defect&#13; The ASD1 locus has been mapped to chromosome 5p. Other forms of atrial septal defect that are associated with other congenital heart disease but no conduction defects or noncardiac abnormalities include ASD2 (607941), caused by mutation in the GATA4 gene (600576), and ASD4 (611363), caused by mutation in the TBX20 gene (606061). ASD3 (614089) and ASD5 (612794), in which atrial septal defect is not associated with other cardiac abnormalities, are caused by mutation in the MYH6 (160710) and ACTC1 (102540) genes, respectively. ASD6 (613087), in which atrial septal defect may be associated with aneurysm of the interatrial septum and cardiac arrhythmias, is caused by mutation in the TLL1 gene (606742). ASD7 (108900), in which ASD is often associated with atrioventricular conduction defects, is caused by mutation in the NKX2-5 gene (600584). ASD8 (614433), in which ASD may be associated with other cardiac anomalies, is caused by mutation in the CITED2 gene (602937). ASD9 (614475) is caused by mutation in the GATA6 gene (601656).&#13; Somatic mutations in the HAND1 gene (602406) have been identified in tissue samples from patients with ASDs.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/349495">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_358388"><div><strong>Weill-Marchesani syndrome 2, dominant</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>358388</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1869115</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Weill-Marchesani syndrome (WMS) is a connective tissue disorder characterized by abnormalities of the lens of the eye, short stature, brachydactyly, joint stiffness, and cardiovascular defects. The ocular problems, typically recognized in childhood, include microspherophakia (small spherical lens), myopia secondary to the abnormal shape of the lens, ectopia lentis (abnormal position of the lens), and glaucoma, which can lead to blindness. Height of adult males is 142-169 cm; height of adult females is 130-157 cm. Autosomal recessive WMS cannot be distinguished from autosomal dominant WMS by clinical findings alone.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/358388">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_409531"><div><strong>Gaucher disease type I</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>409531</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1961835</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Gaucher disease (GD) encompasses a continuum of clinical findings from a perinatal-lethal disorder to an asymptomatic type. The characterization of three major clinical types (1, 2, and 3) and two clinical forms (perinatal-lethal and cardiovascular) is useful in determining prognosis and management. Cardiopulmonary complications have been described with all the clinical phenotypes, although varying in frequency and severity. Type 1 GD is characterized by the presence of clinical or radiographic evidence of bone disease (osteopenia, focal lytic or sclerotic lesions, and osteonecrosis), hepatosplenomegaly, anemia, thrombocytopenia, lung disease, and the absence of primary central nervous system disease. Type 2 GD is characterized by primary central nervous system disease with onset before age two years, limited psychomotor development, and a rapidly progressive course with death by age two to four years. Type 3 GD is characterized by primary central nervous system disease with childhood onset, a more slowly progressive course, and survival into the third or fourth decade. The perinatal-lethal form is associated with ichthyosiform or collodion skin abnormalities or with nonimmune hydrops fetalis. The cardiovascular form is characterized by calcification of the aortic and mitral valves, mild splenomegaly, corneal opacities, and supranuclear ophthalmoplegia.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/409531">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_382217"><div><strong>NPHP3-related Meckel-like syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>382217</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2673885</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">This autosomal recessive disorder is designated Meckel syndrome type 7 (MKS7) based on the classic phenotypic triad of (1) cystic renal disease; (2) a central nervous system abnormality, and (3) hepatic abnormalities, as defined by Meckel (1822), Salonen (1984), and Logan et al. (2011). According to these criteria, polydactyly is a variable feature.&#13; Herriot et al. (1991) and Al-Gazali et al. (1996) concluded that Dandy-Walker malformation can be the phenotypic manifestation of a central nervous system malformation in MKS.&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Meckel syndrome, see MKS1 (249000).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/382217">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_462153"><div><strong>CBL-related disorder</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>462153</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3150803</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Noonan syndrome-like disorder with or without juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (NSLL) is a developmental disorder resembling Noonan syndrome (NS1; 163950) and is characterized by facial dysmorphism, a wide spectrum of cardiac disease, reduced growth, variable cognitive deficits, and ectodermal and musculoskeletal anomalies. There is extensive phenotypic heterogeneity and variable expressivity. Patients with heterozygous germline CBL mutations have an increased risk for certain malignancies, particularly juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML; 607785), as seen in patients with Noonan syndrome (summary by Martinelli et al., 2010 and Niemeyer et al., 2010).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/462153">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_479777"><div><strong>Geleophysic dysplasia 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>479777</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3278147</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Geleophysic dysplasia, a progressive condition resembling a lysosomal storage disorder, is characterized by short stature, short hands and feet, progressive joint limitation and contractures, distinctive facial features, progressive cardiac valvular disease, and thickened skin. Intellect is normal. The characteristic clinical findings are likely to be present in the first year of life. Cardiac, airway, and pulmonary involvement result in death before age five years in approximately 33% of individuals.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/479777">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_481684"><div><strong>Geleophysic dysplasia 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>481684</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3280054</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Geleophysic dysplasia, a progressive condition resembling a lysosomal storage disorder, is characterized by short stature, short hands and feet, progressive joint limitation and contractures, distinctive facial features, progressive cardiac valvular disease, and thickened skin. Intellect is normal. The characteristic clinical findings are likely to be present in the first year of life. Cardiac, airway, and pulmonary involvement result in death before age five years in approximately 33% of individuals.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/481684">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_482685"><div><strong>Psychomotor retardation, epilepsy, and craniofacial dysmorphism</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>482685</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3281055</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia, craniofacial abnormalities, and seizures (NEDHCS) is an autosomal recessive syndrome characterized primarily by hypotonia and poor feeding apparent in early infancy. Affected individuals have severe global developmental delay, early-onset intractable seizures, and recognizable craniofacial dysmorphism with skull abnormalities. The disorder is believed to be unique to the Amish population, where it exhibits a founder effect (summary by Ammous et al., 2021).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/482685">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_761920"><div><strong>Primary ciliary dyskinesia 20</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>761920</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3540844</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">CILD20 is an autosomal recessive ciliopathy characterized by infantile onset of chronic sinopulmonary infections resulting from immotile cilia and defective clearance. Patients may also have situs inversus or cardiac anomalies. Electron microscopy of respiratory epithelial cells shows absence of the outer dynein arms. Unlike other forms of CILD, patients with CILD20 do not appear to be infertile.&#13; For a phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of primary ciliary dyskinesia, see 244400.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/761920">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_762200"><div><strong>Aortic valve disease 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>762200</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3542024</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Any aortic valve disease in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the SMAD6 gene.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/762200">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_766699"><div><strong>Weill-Marchesani syndrome 3</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>766699</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3553785</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Weill-Marchesani syndrome (WMS) is a connective tissue disorder characterized by abnormalities of the lens of the eye, short stature, brachydactyly, joint stiffness, and cardiovascular defects. The ocular problems, typically recognized in childhood, include microspherophakia (small spherical lens), myopia secondary to the abnormal shape of the lens, ectopia lentis (abnormal position of the lens), and glaucoma, which can lead to blindness. Height of adult males is 142-169 cm; height of adult females is 130-157 cm. Autosomal recessive WMS cannot be distinguished from autosomal dominant WMS by clinical findings alone.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/766699">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_767193"><div><strong>Congenital heart defects, multiple types, 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>767193</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3554279</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Multiple types of congenital heart defects-2 (CHTD2) is characterized by variable congenital heart defects, primarily involving the valves, but also including septal defects or aneurysms, and complex defects such as tetralogy of Fallot. Dilated cardiomyopathy and myocardial noncompaction have been reported in some patients. In addition, some affected individuals exhibit facial dysmorphism and features of connective tissue disease (Thienpont et al., 2010; Ackerman et al., 2016; Ritelli et al., 2018).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of CHTD, see 306955.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/767193">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_811626"><div><strong>Renal-hepatic-pancreatic dysplasia 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>811626</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3715199</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Any renal-hepatic-pancreatic dysplasia in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the NPHP3 gene.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/811626">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_815641"><div><strong>Atrial fibrillation, familial, 13</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>815641</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3809311</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Atrial fibrillation is the most common sustained cardiac rhythm disturbance, affecting more than 2 million Americans, with an overall prevalence of 0.89%. The prevalence increases rapidly with age, to 2.3% between the ages of 40 and 60 years, and to 5.9% over the age of 65. The most dreaded complication is thromboembolic stroke (Brugada et al., 1997).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of familial atrial fibrillation, see ATFB1 (608583).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/815641">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_815650"><div><strong>Nephronophthisis 16</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>815650</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3809320</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Nephronophthisis can occur as part of separate syndromes that affect other areas of the body; these are often referred to as nephronophthisis-associated ciliopathies. For example, Senior-Løken syndrome is characterized by the combination of nephronophthisis and a breakdown of the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye (retinal degeneration); Joubert syndrome affects many parts of the body, causing neurological problems and other features, which can include nephronophthisis.\n\nAbout 85 percent of all cases of nephronophthisis are isolated, which means they occur without other signs and symptoms. Some people with nephronophthisis have additional features, which can include liver fibrosis, heart abnormalities, or mirror image reversal of the position of one or more organs inside the body (situs inversus).\n\nNephronophthisis eventually leads to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), a life-threatening failure of kidney function that occurs when the kidneys are no longer able to filter fluids and waste products from the body effectively. Nephronophthisis can be classified by the approximate age at which ESRD begins: around age 1 (infantile), around age 13 (juvenile), and around age 19 (adolescent).\n\nNephronophthisis is a disorder that affects the kidneys. It is characterized by inflammation and scarring (fibrosis) that impairs kidney function. These abnormalities lead to increased urine production (polyuria), excessive thirst (polydipsia), general weakness, and extreme tiredness (fatigue). In addition, affected individuals develop fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys, usually in an area known as the corticomedullary region. Another feature of nephronophthisis is a shortage of red blood cells, a condition known as anemia.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/815650">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_815764"><div><strong>Renal-hepatic-pancreatic dysplasia 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>815764</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3809434</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Renal-hepatic-pancreatic dysplasia-2 (RHPD2) is an autosomal recessive multisystemic disorder with severe abnormalities apparent in utero and often resulting in fetal death or death in infancy. The main organs affected include the kidney, liver, and pancreas, although other abnormalities, including cardiac, skeletal, and lung defects, may also be present. Affected individuals often have situs inversus. The disorder results from a defect in ciliogenesis and ciliary function, as well as in cell proliferation and epithelial morphogenesis; thus, the clinical manifestations are highly variable (summary by Grampa et al., 2016).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of renal-hepatic-pancreatic dysplasia, see RHPD1 (208540).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/815764">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_816410"><div><strong>Microcephaly-thin corpus callosum-intellectual disability syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>816410</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3810080</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A rare, genetic, syndromic intellectual disability disease characterized by progressive postnatal microcephaly and global developmental delay, as well as moderate to profound intellectual disability, difficulty or inability to walk, pyramidal signs (including spasticity, hyperreflexia and extensor plantar response) and thin corpus callosum revealed by brain imaging. Ophthalmologic signs (including nystagmus, strabismus and abnormal retinal pigmentation), foot deformity and genital anomalies may also be associated.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/816410">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_854610"><div><strong>Aortic valve disease 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>854610</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3887892</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An autosomal dominant form of bicuspid aortic valve caused by mutation(s) in the NOTCH1 gene, encoding neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 1.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/854610">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_862747"><div><strong>Congenital heart defects, multiple types, 4</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>862747</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4014310</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The multiple types of congenital heart defects observed in CHTD4 include atrial, ventricular, and atrioventricular septal defects, double-outlet right ventricle, tetralogy of Fallot, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, aortic stenosis, and coarctation of the aorta. Intrafamilial variability and incomplete penetrance has been reported (Al Turki et al., 2014; Qiao et al., 2018). Some patients exhibit syndromic features such as developmental delay, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, and severe gastroesophageal reflux (High et al., 2016; Upadia et al., 2018).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of multiple types of congenital heart defects, see CHTD1 (306955).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/862747">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_905986"><div><strong>MEND syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>905986</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4085243</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Male EBP disorder with neurologic defects (MEND) is an X-linked recessive disorder representing a continuous phenotypic spectrum with variable manifestations associated with a defect in sterol biosynthesis. Features include intellectual disability, short stature, scoliosis, digital abnormalities, cataracts, and dermatologic abnormalities. Not all patients show all features, and the severity is highly variable. Molecular studies indicate that affected males are hemizygous for a nonmosaic hypomorphic EBP allele. Carrier females are generally clinically asymptomatic, but may show biochemical abnormalities (summary by Arnold et al., 2012 and Barboza-Cerda et al., 2014).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/905986">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_907372"><div><strong>Singleton-Merten syndrome 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>907372</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4225380</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Singleton-Merten syndrome-2 is characterized by variable expression of glaucoma, aortic calcification, and skeletal abnormalities, without dental anomalies (summary by Jang et al., 2015).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Singleton-Merten syndrome, see SGMRT1 (182250).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/907372">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_899946"><div><strong>Singleton-Merten syndrome 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>899946</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4225427</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Singleton-Merten syndrome (SGMRT) is an uncommon autosomal dominant disorder characterized by abnormalities of blood vessels, teeth, and bone. Calcifications of the aorta and aortic and mitral valves occur in childhood or puberty and can lead to early death. Dental findings include delayed primary tooth exfoliation and permanent tooth eruption, truncated tooth root formation, early-onset periodontal disease, and severe root and alveolar bone resorption associated with dysregulated mineralization, leading to tooth loss. Osseous features consist of osteoporosis, either generalized or limited to distal extremities, distal limb osteolysis, widened medullary cavities, and easy tearing of tendons from bone. Less common features are mild facial dysmorphism (high anterior hair line, broad forehead, smooth philtrum, thin upper vermilion border), generalized muscle weakness, psoriasis, early-onset glaucoma, and recurrent infections. The disorder manifests with variable inter- and intrafamilial phenotypes (summary by Rutsch et al., 2015).&#13; Genetic Heterogeneity of Singleton-Merten Syndrome&#13; An atypical form of Singleton-Merten syndrome (SGMRT2; 616298) is caused by mutation in the DDX58 gene (609631) on chromosome 9p21.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/899946">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1621146"><div><strong>Vertebral, cardiac, renal, and limb defects syndrome 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1621146</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4540004</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Congenital NAD deficiency disorder (CNDD) is a multisystem condition in which cardiac, renal, vertebral, and limb anomalies are common, mimicking the clinical features described in VACTERL association. Congenital heart defects can include left-sided heart lesions, right-sided heart lesions, or both. Almost all surviving individuals have short stature, many with disproportionately shortened limbs. Vertebral anomalies, including hemivertebrae and vertebral fusion, occur frequently, often with rib anomalies. Renal anomalies may be severe, including dysplasia/hypoplasia and renal agenesis. Developmental delay / intellectual disability has been reported in more than half of affected individuals, although some affected individuals have had normal development, and some individuals succumbed to their congenital anomalies before developmental assessment could be performed. Other less common features may include cleft palate, eye anomalies, sensorineural hearing loss, tracheoesophageal fistula, polysplenia, anteriorly displaced anus, tethered spinal cord, cystic hygroma, epilepsy, hypothyroidism, and hypoparathyroidism.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1621146">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1635567"><div><strong>Adams-Oliver syndrome 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1635567</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4551482</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Adams-Oliver syndrome is a rare condition that is present at birth. The primary features are an abnormality in skin development (called aplasia cutis congenita) and malformations of the limbs. A variety of other features can occur in people with Adams-Oliver syndrome.\n\nMost people with Adams-Oliver syndrome have aplasia cutis congenita, a condition characterized by localized areas of missing skin typically occurring on the top of the head (the skull vertex). In some cases, the bone under the skin is also underdeveloped. Individuals with this condition commonly have scarring and an absence of hair growth in the affected area.\n\nAbnormalities of the hands and feet are also common in people with Adams-Oliver syndrome. These most often involve the fingers and toes and can include abnormal nails, fingers or toes that are fused together (syndactyly), and abnormally short or missing fingers or toes (brachydactyly or oligodactyly). In some cases, other bones in the hands, feet, or lower limbs are malformed or missing.\n\nSome affected infants have a condition called cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita. This disorder of the blood vessels causes a reddish or purplish net-like pattern on the skin. In addition, people with Adams-Oliver syndrome can develop high blood pressure in the blood vessels between the heart and the lungs (pulmonary hypertension), which can be life-threatening. Other blood vessel problems and heart defects can occur in affected individuals.\n\nIn some cases, people with Adams-Oliver syndrome have neurological problems, such as developmental delay, learning disabilities, or abnormalities in the structure of the brain.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1635567">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1634646"><div><strong>Ritscher-Schinzel syndrome 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1634646</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4551776</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Ritscher-Schinzel syndrome (RSS) is a clinically recognizable condition that includes the cardinal findings of craniofacial features, cerebellar defects, and cardiovascular malformations resulting in the alternate diagnostic name of 3C syndrome. Dysmorphic facial features may include brachycephaly, hypotonic face with protruding tongue, flat appearance of the face on profile view, short midface, widely spaced eyes, downslanted palpebral fissures, low-set ears with overfolding of the upper helix, smooth or short philtrum, and high or cleft palate. Affected individuals also typically have a characteristic metacarpal phalangeal profile showing a consistent wavy pattern on hand radiographs. RSS is associated with variable degrees of developmental delay and intellectual disability. Eye anomalies and hypercholesterolemia may be variably present.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1634646">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1646779"><div><strong>Hypoplastic left heart syndrome 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1646779</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4551854</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hypoplastic left heart syndrome results from defective development of the aorta proximal to the entrance of the ductus arteriosus and hypoplasia of the left ventricle and mitral valve. As a result of the abnormal circulation, the ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale are patent and the right atrium, right ventricle, and pulmonary artery are enlarged (Brekke, 1953).&#13; Genetic Heterogeneity of Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome&#13; Hypoplastic left heart syndrome-2 (HLHS2; 614435) is caused by mutation in the NKX2-5 gene (600584) on chromosome 5q35.1.&#13; Somatic mutations in the HAND1 gene (602406) have been identified in tissue samples from patients with HLHS.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1646779">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1646646"><div><strong>TWIST1-related craniosynostosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1646646</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4551902</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Craniosynostosis is a primary abnormality of skull growth involving premature fusion of the cranial sutures such that the growth velocity of the skull often cannot match that of the developing brain. This produces skull deformity and, in some cases, raises intracranial pressure, which must be treated promptly to avoid permanent neurodevelopmental disability (summary by Fitzpatrick, 2013). Mutation in the TWIST1 has been found to cause coronal and sagittal forms of craniosynostosis.&#13; Genetic Heterogeneity of Craniosynostosis&#13; Craniosynostosis-2 (CRS2; 604757) is caused by mutation in the MSX2 gene (123101) on chromosome 5q35. Craniosynostosis-3 (CRS3; 615314) is caused by mutation in the TCF12 gene (600480) on chromosome 15q21. Craniosynostosis-4 (CRS4; 600775) is caused by mutation in the ERF gene (611888) on chromosome 19q13. Susceptibility to craniosynostosis-5 (CRS5; 615529) is conferred by variation in the ALX4 gene (605420) on chromosome 11p11. Craniosynostosis-6 (CRS6; 616602) is caused by mutation in the ZIC1 gene (600470) on chromosome 3q24. Susceptibility to craniosynostosis-7 (CRS7; 617439) is conferred by variation in the SMAD6 gene (602931) on chromosome 15q22.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1646646">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1638106"><div><strong>Anauxetic dysplasia 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1638106</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4551965</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The cartilage-hair hypoplasia anauxetic dysplasia (CHH-AD) spectrum disorders are a continuum that includes the following phenotypes: Metaphyseal dysplasia without hypotrichosis (MDWH). Cartilage-hair hypoplasia (CHH). Anauxetic dysplasia (AD). CHH-AD spectrum disorders are characterized by severe disproportionate (short-limb) short stature that is usually recognized in the newborn, and occasionally prenatally because of the short extremities. Other findings include joint hypermobility, fine, silky hair, immunodeficiency, anemia, increased risk for malignancy, gastrointestinal dysfunction, and impaired spermatogenesis. The most severe phenotype, AD, has the most pronounced skeletal phenotype, may be associated with atlantoaxial subluxation in the newborn, and may include cognitive deficiency. The clinical manifestations of the CHH-AD spectrum disorders are variable, even within the same family.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1638106">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1637058"><div><strong>Weill-Marchesani syndrome 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1637058</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4552002</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Weill-Marchesani syndrome (WMS) is a connective tissue disorder characterized by abnormalities of the lens of the eye, short stature, brachydactyly, joint stiffness, and cardiovascular defects. The ocular problems, typically recognized in childhood, include microspherophakia (small spherical lens), myopia secondary to the abnormal shape of the lens, ectopia lentis (abnormal position of the lens), and glaucoma, which can lead to blindness. Height of adult males is 142-169 cm; height of adult females is 130-157 cm. Autosomal recessive WMS cannot be distinguished from autosomal dominant WMS by clinical findings alone.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1637058">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1636547"><div><strong>Congenital heart defects, multiple types, 5</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1636547</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4693563</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1636547">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1648330"><div><strong>Cardiac, facial, and digital anomalies with developmental delay</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1648330</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4748484</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">CAFDADD is a multisystemic developmental disorder with variable cardiac and digital anomalies and facial dysmorphism. Some patients may have seizures and ocular/aural abnormalities (Tokita et al., 2018).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1648330">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1681142"><div><strong>Aortic valve disease 3</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1681142</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5193127</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Aortic valve disease-3 (AOVD3) is characterized by aortic stenosis and/or bicuspid aortic valve (BAV), associated in some patients with aneurysm of the aortic root and/or ascending aorta. Atrial septal defect (ASD) has also been observed in some individuals (Gould et al., 2019).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of aortic valve disease, see AOVD1 (109730).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1681142">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1794274"><div><strong>Mucopolysaccharidosis, type 10</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1794274</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5562064</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Mucopolysaccharidosis type X (MPS10) is an autosomal recessive childhood-onset disorder associated with disproportionate short-trunk short stature and skeletal, cardiac, and ophthalmologic abnormalities (Verheyen et al., 2022).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1794274">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1635567" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Adams-Oliver syndrome 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1638106" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Anauxetic dysplasia 1</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_349495" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Atrial septal defect 1</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_6453" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mucopolysaccharidosis, MPS-I-S</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_167103" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Myhre syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_815650" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Nephronophthisis 16</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_482685" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Psychomotor retardation, epilepsy, and craniofacial dysmorphism</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1621146" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Vertebral, cardiac, renal, and limb defects syndrome 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_220393" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">von Willebrand disease type 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1637058" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Weill-Marchesani syndrome 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_358388" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Weill-Marchesani syndrome 2, dominant</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_766699" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Weill-Marchesani syndrome 3</a></div></span></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36342266">Hypertension management in patients with cardiovascular comorbidities.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lauder L,
Mahfoud F,
Azizi M,
Bhatt DL,
Ewen S,
Kario K,
Parati G,
Rossignol P,
Schlaich MP,
Teo KK,
Townsend RR,
Tsioufis C,
Weber MA,
Weber T,
Böhm M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur Heart J</span>
2023 Jun 20;44(23):2066-2077.
doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac395.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36342266" target="_blank">36342266</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36036785">Lipoprotein(a) in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and aortic stenosis: a European Atherosclerosis Society consensus statement.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kronenberg F,
Mora S,
Stroes ESG,
Ference BA,
Arsenault BJ,
Berglund L,
Dweck MR,
Koschinsky M,
Lambert G,
Mach F,
McNeal CJ,
Moriarty PM,
Natarajan P,
Nordestgaard BG,
Parhofer KG,
Virani SS,
von Eckardstein A,
Watts GF,
Stock JK,
Ray KK,
Tokgözoğlu LS,
Catapano AL</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur Heart J</span>
2022 Oct 14;43(39):3925-3946.
doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac361.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36036785" target="_blank">36036785</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9639807" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29622096">Management of Patients With Aortic Valve Stenosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kanwar A,
Thaden JJ,
Nkomo VT</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mayo Clin Proc</span>
2018 Apr;93(4):488-508.
doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.01.020.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29622096" target="_blank">29622096</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22aortic%20valve%20stenosis%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (146)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31600005">TAVI and the future of aortic valve replacement.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Howard C,
Jullian L,
Joshi M,
Noshirwani A,
Bashir M,
Harky A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Card Surg</span>
2019 Dec;34(12):1577-1590.
Epub 2019 Oct 10
doi: 10.1111/jocs.14226.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31600005" target="_blank">31600005</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29622096">Management of Patients With Aortic Valve Stenosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kanwar A,
Thaden JJ,
Nkomo VT</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mayo Clin Proc</span>
2018 Apr;93(4):488-508.
doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.01.020.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29622096" target="_blank">29622096</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28030676">Aortic Stenosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bakaeen FG,
Rosengart TK,
Carabello BA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Ann Intern Med</span>
2017 Jan 3;166(1):ITC1-ITC16.
doi: 10.7326/AITC201701030.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28030676" target="_blank">28030676</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25140960">Aortic-valve stenosis--from patients at risk to severe valve obstruction.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Otto CM,
Prendergast B</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">N Engl J Med</span>
2014 Aug 21;371(8):744-56.
doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1313875.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25140960" target="_blank">25140960</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22144636">Low-flow/low-gradient aortic stenosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Awtry E,
Davidoff R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Circulation</span>
2011 Dec 6;124(23):e739-41.
doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.075853.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22144636" target="_blank">22144636</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Aortic%20valve%20stenosis%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (15529)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35258531">What Is Aortic Stenosis?</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Baman JR,
Sekhon S,
Flaherty JD</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAMA</span>
2022 Mar 8;327(10):1003.
doi: 10.1001/jama.2022.0332.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35258531" target="_blank">35258531</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33914604">Current Therapeutic Options in Aortic Stenosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Boskovski MT,
Gleason TG</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Circ Res</span>
2021 Apr 30;128(9):1398-1417.
Epub 2021 Apr 29
doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.121.318040.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33914604" target="_blank">33914604</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31600005">TAVI and the future of aortic valve replacement.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Howard C,
Jullian L,
Joshi M,
Noshirwani A,
Bashir M,
Harky A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Card Surg</span>
2019 Dec;34(12):1577-1590.
Epub 2019 Oct 10
doi: 10.1111/jocs.14226.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31600005" target="_blank">31600005</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27810479">Aortic Stenosis: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Therapy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Joseph J,
Naqvi SY,
Giri J,
Goldberg S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med</span>
2017 Mar;130(3):253-263.
Epub 2016 Nov 1
doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2016.10.005.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27810479" target="_blank">27810479</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22144636">Low-flow/low-gradient aortic stenosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Awtry E,
Davidoff R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Circulation</span>
2011 Dec 6;124(23):e739-41.
doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.075853.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22144636" target="_blank">22144636</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Aortic%20valve%20stenosis%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (8955)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39466903">Transcatheter Aortic-Valve Replacement for Asymptomatic Severe Aortic Stenosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Généreux P,
Schwartz A,
Oldemeyer JB,
Pibarot P,
Cohen DJ,
Blanke P,
Lindman BR,
Babaliaros V,
Fearon WF,
Daniels DV,
Chhatriwalla AK,
Kavinsky C,
Gada H,
Shah P,
Szerlip M,
Dahle T,
Goel K,
O'Neill W,
Sheth T,
Davidson CJ,
Makkar RR,
Prince H,
Zhao Y,
Hahn RT,
Leipsic J,
Redfors B,
Pocock SJ,
Mack M,
Leon MB;
EARLY TAVR Trial Investigators</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">N Engl J Med</span>
2025 Jan 16;392(3):217-227.
Epub 2024 Oct 28
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2405880.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/39466903" target="_blank">39466903</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38321820">Transcatheter or surgical aortic valve implantation: 10-year outcomes of the NOTION trial.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Thyregod HGH,
Jørgensen TH,
Ihlemann N,
Steinbrüchel DA,
Nissen H,
Kjeldsen BJ,
Petursson P,
De Backer O,
Olsen PS,
Søndergaard L</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur Heart J</span>
2024 Apr 1;45(13):1116-1124.
doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehae043.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38321820" target="_blank">38321820</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10984572" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38056546">Design and rationale of the evaluation of transcatheter aortic valve replacement compared to surveillance for patients with asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis: The EARLY TAVR trial.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Généreux P,
Schwartz A,
Oldemeyer B,
Cohen DJ,
Redfors B,
Prince H,
Zhao Y,
Lindman BR,
Pibarot P,
Leon MB</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am Heart J</span>
2024 Feb;268:94-103.
Epub 2023 Dec 4
doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2023.11.019.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38056546" target="_blank">38056546</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32921370">A Review of the Partner Trials.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Markham R,
Sharma R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Interv Cardiol Clin</span>
2020 Oct;9(4):461-467.
doi: 10.1016/j.iccl.2020.07.002.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32921370" target="_blank">32921370</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29622096">Management of Patients With Aortic Valve Stenosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kanwar A,
Thaden JJ,
Nkomo VT</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mayo Clin Proc</span>
2018 Apr;93(4):488-508.
doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.01.020.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29622096" target="_blank">29622096</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Aortic%20valve%20stenosis%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (9910)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38763211">Clinical impact of complex percutaneous coronary intervention in the pre-TAVR workup.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Avvedimento M,
Campelo-Parada F,
Nombela-Franco L,
Fischer Q,
Donaint P,
Serra V,
Veiga G,
Gutiérrez E,
Franzone A,
Vilalta V,
Alperi A,
Regueiro A,
Asmarats L,
B Ribeiro H,
Matta A,
Muñoz-García A,
Tirado G,
Urena M,
Metz D,
Rodenas-Alesina E,
de la Torre Hernández JM,
Angellotti D,
Fernández-Nofrerías E,
Pascual I,
Vidal-Calés P,
Arzamendi D,
Carter Campanha-Borges D,
Hoang Trinh K,
Nuche J,
Côté M,
Faroux L,
Rodés-Cabau J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed)</span>
2025 Jan;78(2):82-93.
Epub 2024 May 17
doi: 10.1016/j.rec.2024.05.002.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38763211" target="_blank">38763211</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31733181">Early Surgery or Conservative Care for Asymptomatic Aortic Stenosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kang DH,
Park SJ,
Lee SA,
Lee S,
Kim DH,
Kim HK,
Yun SC,
Hong GR,
Song JM,
Chung CH,
Song JK,
Lee JW,
Park SW</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">N Engl J Med</span>
2020 Jan 9;382(2):111-119.
Epub 2019 Nov 16
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1912846.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31733181" target="_blank">31733181</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30846517">UK TAVI registry.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ludman PF</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Heart</span>
2019 Mar;105(Suppl 2):s2-s5.
doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2018-313510.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30846517" target="_blank">30846517</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29368369">Recent developments and controversies in transcatheter aortic valve implantation.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ali N,
Patel PA,
Lindsay SJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Heart Fail</span>
2018 Apr;20(4):642-650.
Epub 2018 Jan 25
doi: 10.1002/ejhf.1141.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29368369" target="_blank">29368369</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25788234">5-year outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve replacement or surgical aortic valve replacement for high surgical risk patients with aortic stenosis (PARTNER 1): a randomised controlled trial.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mack MJ,
Leon MB,
Smith CR,
Miller DC,
Moses JW,
Tuzcu EM,
Webb JG,
Douglas PS,
Anderson WN,
Blackstone EH,
Kodali SK,
Makkar RR,
Fontana GP,
Kapadia S,
Bavaria J,
Hahn RT,
Thourani VH,
Babaliaros V,
Pichard A,
Herrmann HC,
Brown DL,
Williams M,
Akin J,
Davidson MJ,
Svensson LG;
PARTNER 1 trial investigators</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Lancet</span>
2015 Jun 20;385(9986):2477-84.
Epub 2015 Mar 15
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60308-7.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25788234" target="_blank">25788234</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Aortic%20valve%20stenosis%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (10019)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37943234">TAVI: What Happens Behind the Stage?</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Pontone G,
Maragna R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JACC Cardiovasc Imaging</span>
2024 Apr;17(4):408-410.
Epub 2023 Nov 8
doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2023.09.012.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37943234" target="_blank">37943234</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36881428">Managing Patients With Moderate Aortic Stenosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Stassen J,
Ewe SH,
Pio SM,
Pibarot P,
Redfors B,
Leipsic J,
Genereux P,
Van Mieghem NM,
Kuneman JH,
Makkar R,
Hahn RT,
Playford D,
Marsan NA,
Delgado V,
Ben-Yehuda O,
Leon MB,
Bax JJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JACC Cardiovasc Imaging</span>
2023 Jun;16(6):837-855.
Epub 2023 Feb 8
doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2022.12.013.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36881428" target="_blank">36881428</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36648053">Aortic Stenosis Progression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Willner N,
Prosperi-Porta G,
Lau L,
Nam Fu AY,
Boczar K,
Poulin A,
Di Santo P,
Unni RR,
Visintini S,
Ronksley PE,
Chan KL,
Beauchesne L,
Burwash IG,
Messika-Zeitoun D</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JACC Cardiovasc Imaging</span>
2023 Mar;16(3):314-328.
Epub 2022 Dec 14
doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2022.10.009.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36648053" target="_blank">36648053</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30732722">How Do We Reconcile Echocardiography, Computed Tomography, and Hybrid Imaging in Assessing Discordant Grading of Aortic Stenosis Severity?</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Delgado V,
Clavel MA,
Hahn RT,
Gillam L,
Bax J,
Sengupta PP,
Pibarot P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JACC Cardiovasc Imaging</span>
2019 Feb;12(2):267-282.
doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2018.11.027.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30732722" target="_blank">30732722</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26837234">President's Page.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Leipsic JA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr</span>
2016 Mar-Apr;10(2):193-4.
Epub 2016 Jan 22
doi: 10.1016/j.jcct.2016.01.010.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26837234" target="_blank">26837234</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Aortic%20valve%20stenosis%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (8944)</a></div></div>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39018080">Lipoprotein(a) and Calcific Aortic Valve Stenosis Progression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Arsenault BJ,
Loganath K,
Girard A,
Botezatu S,
Zheng KH,
Tzolos E,
Abdoun K,
Tastet L,
Capoulade R,
Côté N,
Craig N,
Chan KL,
Tam JW,
Teo KK,
Couture C,
Clavel MA,
Mathieu P,
Thériault S,
Stroes ESG,
Newby DE,
Tsimikas S,
Pibarot P,
Dweck MR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAMA Cardiol</span>
2024 Sep 1;9(9):835-842.
doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2024.1882.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/39018080" target="_blank">39018080</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC11255972" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37880038">Neuraxial Anesthesia in Patients With Aortic Stenosis: A Systematic Review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Tabrizi NS,
Demos RA,
Schumann R,
Musuku SR,
Shapeton AD</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth</span>
2024 Feb;38(2):505-516.
Epub 2023 Sep 24
doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2023.09.027.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37880038" target="_blank">37880038</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36493915">Cardiac Rehabilitation After TAVI -A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Oz A,
Tsoumas I,
Lampropoulos K,
Xanthos T,
Karpettas N,
Papadopoulos D</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Probl Cardiol</span>
2023 Mar;48(3):101531.
Epub 2022 Dec 7
doi: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2022.101531.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36493915" target="_blank">36493915</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34333589">Association between adiposity and cardiovascular outcomes: an umbrella review and meta-analysis of observational and Mendelian randomization studies.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kim MS,
Kim WJ,
Khera AV,
Kim JY,
Yon DK,
Lee SW,
Shin JI,
Won HH</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur Heart J</span>
2021 Sep 7;42(34):3388-3403.
doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab454.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34333589" target="_blank">34333589</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8423481" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27895025">Medical Treatment of Aortic Stenosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Marquis-Gravel G,
Redfors B,
Leon MB,
Généreux P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Circulation</span>
2016 Nov 29;134(22):1766-1784.
doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.023997.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27895025" target="_blank">27895025</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Aortic%20valve%20stenosis%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (510)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=Aortic%20valve%20stenosis" target="_blank">ClinicalTrials.gov</a></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22aortic%20valve%20stenosis%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">PubMed</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li><li><a target="_blank" href="/books/?term=((%22clinical%20guidelines%22%5BResource%20Type%5D)%20OR%20%22practice%20guideline%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)%20AND%20(%22Aortic%20valve%20stenosis%22)">Bookshelf</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li></ul></div>
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