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<meta name="keywords" content="C0040961, disease or syndrome, incompetence, tricuspid, incompetence, tricuspid valve, insufficiency of tricuspid valve, insufficiency, tricuspid, insufficiency, tricuspid valve, regurgitation of right atrioventricular valve, regurgitation, tricuspid, regurgitation, tricuspid valve, ti - tricuspid incompetence, tr - tricuspid regurgitation, tricuspid incompetence, tricuspid insufficiency, tricuspid regurgitation, tricuspid valve incompetence, tricuspid valve insufficiency, tricuspid valve regurgitation, valve incompetence, tricuspid, valve insufficiency, tricuspid, valve regurgitation, tricuspid, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Failure of the tricuspid valve to close sufficiently upon contraction of the right ventricle, causing blood to regurgitate (flow backward) into the right atrium." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<!--
UID=11911
ConceptID=C0040961
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Tricuspid regurgitation</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>11911</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0040961</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonym:</td>
<td>tricuspid valve insufficiency</td></tr>
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
<td>TI - Tricuspid incompetence (111287006); Tricuspid insufficiency (111287006); TR - Tricuspid regurgitation (111287006); Tricuspid valve regurgitation (111287006); Tricuspid valve incompetence (111287006); Tricuspid valve insufficiency (111287006); Tricuspid regurgitation (111287006); Regurgitation of right atrioventricular valve (111287006)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0005180">HP:0005180</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0002870" target="_blank">MONDO:0002870</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">Failure of the tricuspid valve to close sufficiently upon contraction of the right ventricle, causing blood to regurgitate (flow backward) into the right atrium. [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0040961[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=11911">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=11911" ref="ncbi_uid=11911">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline">Tricuspid regurgitation</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/2848" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Disorder of cardiovascular system">Disorder of cardiovascular system</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/116727" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the cardiovascular system">Abnormality of the cardiovascular system</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869166" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal cardiovascular system physiology">Abnormal cardiovascular system physiology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1632330" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal heart valve physiology">Abnormal heart valve physiology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1647733" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal atrioventricular valve physiology">Abnormal atrioventricular valve physiology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1815102" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Atrioventricular valve regurgitation">Atrioventricular valve regurgitation</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Tricuspid regurgitation</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_44252"><div><strong>Short-rib thoracic dysplasia 6 with or without polydactyly</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>44252</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0024507</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Short-rib thoracic dysplasia (SRTD) with or without polydactyly refers to a group of autosomal recessive skeletal ciliopathies that are characterized by a constricted thoracic cage, short ribs, shortened tubular bones, and a 'trident' appearance of the acetabular roof. SRTD encompasses Ellis-van Creveld syndrome (EVC) and the disorders previously designated as Jeune syndrome or asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy (ATD), short rib-polydactyly syndrome (SRPS), and Mainzer-Saldino syndrome (MZSDS). Polydactyly is variably present, and there is phenotypic overlap in the various forms of SRTDs, which differ by visceral malformation and metaphyseal appearance. Nonskeletal involvement can include cleft lip/palate as well as anomalies of major organs such as the brain, eye, heart, kidneys, liver, pancreas, intestines, and genitalia. Some forms of SRTD are lethal in the neonatal period due to respiratory insufficiency secondary to a severely restricted thoracic cage, whereas others are compatible with life (summary by Huber and Cormier-Daire, 2012 and Schmidts et al., 2013).&#13; There is phenotypic overlap with the cranioectodermal dysplasias (Sensenbrenner syndrome; see CED1, 218330).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of short-rib thoracic dysplasia, see SRTD1 (208500).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/44252">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_44287"><div><strong>Marfan syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>44287</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0024796</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">FBN1-related Marfan syndrome (Marfan syndrome), a systemic disorder of connective tissue with a high degree of clinical variability, comprises a broad phenotypic continuum ranging from mild (features of Marfan syndrome in one or a few systems) to severe and rapidly progressive neonatal multiorgan disease. Cardinal manifestations involve the ocular, skeletal, and cardiovascular systems. Ocular findings include myopia (&gt;50% of affected individuals); ectopia lentis (seen in approximately 60% of affected individuals); and an increased risk for retinal detachment, glaucoma, and early cataracts. Skeletal system manifestations include bone overgrowth and joint laxity; disproportionately long extremities for the size of the trunk (dolichostenomelia); overgrowth of the ribs that can push the sternum in (pectus excavatum) or out (pectus carinatum); and scoliosis that ranges from mild to severe and progressive. The major morbidity and early mortality in Marfan syndrome relate to the cardiovascular system and include dilatation of the aorta at the level of the sinuses of Valsalva (predisposing to aortic tear and rupture), mitral valve prolapse with or without regurgitation, tricuspid valve prolapse, and enlargement of the proximal pulmonary artery. Severe and prolonged regurgitation of the mitral and/or aortic valve can predispose to left ventricular dysfunction and occasionally heart failure. With proper management, the life expectancy of someone with Marfan syndrome approximates that of the general population.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/44287">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_44514"><div><strong>Mucopolysaccharidosis type 6</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>44514</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0026709</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Mucopolysaccharidosis type VI (MPS6) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder resulting from a deficiency of arylsulfatase B. Clinical features and severity are variable, but usually include short stature, hepatosplenomegaly, dysostosis multiplex, stiff joints, corneal clouding, cardiac abnormalities, and facial dysmorphism. Intelligence is usually normal (Azevedo et al., 2004).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/44514">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_78083"><div><strong>Cardiac valvular dysplasia, X-linked</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>78083</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0262436</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">FLNA deficiency is associated with a phenotypic spectrum that includes FLNA-related periventricular nodular heterotopia (Huttenlocher syndrome), congenital heart disease (patent ductus arteriosus, atrial and ventricular septal defects), valvular dystrophy, dilatation and rupture of the thoracic aorta, pulmonary disease (pulmonary hypertension, alveolar hypoplasia, emphysema, asthma, chronic bronchitis), gastrointestinal dysmotility and obstruction, joint hypermobility, and macrothrombocytopenia.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/78083">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_120524"><div><strong>Holt-Oram syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>120524</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0265264</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Holt-Oram syndrome (HOS) is characterized by upper-limb defects, congenital heart malformation, and cardiac conduction disease. Upper-limb malformations may be unilateral, bilateral/symmetric, or bilateral/asymmetric and can range from triphalangeal or absent thumb(s) to phocomelia. Other upper-limb malformations can include unequal arm length caused by aplasia or hypoplasia of the radius, fusion or anomalous development of the carpal and thenar bones, abnormal forearm pronation and supination, abnormal opposition of the thumb, sloping shoulders, and restriction of shoulder joint movement. An abnormal carpal bone is present in all affected individuals and may be the only evidence of disease. A congenital heart malformation is present in 75% of individuals with HOS and most commonly involves the septum. Atrial septal defect and ventricular septal defect can vary in number, size, and location. Complex congenital heart malformations can also occur in individuals with HOS. Individuals with HOS with or without a congenital heart malformation are at risk for cardiac conduction disease. While individuals may present at birth with sinus bradycardia and first-degree atrioventricular (AV) block, AV block can progress unpredictably to a higher grade including complete heart block with and without atrial fibrillation.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/120524">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_96073"><div><strong>Familial cutaneous collagenoma</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>96073</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0406817</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Neoplastic Process</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Familial cutaneous collagenoma is a connective tissue nevus characterized by multiple, flesh-colored asymptomatic nodules distributed symmetrically on the trunk and upper arms (mainly on the upper two-thirds of the back), manifesting around adolescence. The skin biopsy reveals an accumulation of collagen fibers with reduction in the number of elastic fibers. Cardiac anomalies may be observed. Familial cutaneous collagenoma follows an autosomal dominant mode of transmission.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/96073">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_107893"><div><strong>3-Methylglutaconic aciduria type 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>107893</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0574083</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Barth syndrome is characterized in affected males by cardiomyopathy, neutropenia, skeletal myopathy, prepubertal growth delay, and distinctive facial gestalt (most evident in infancy); not all features may be present in a given affected male. Cardiomyopathy, which is almost always present before age five years, is typically dilated cardiomyopathy with or without endocardial fibroelastosis or left ventricular noncompaction; hypertrophic cardiomyopathy can also occur. Heart failure is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality; risk of arrhythmia and sudden death is increased. Neutropenia is most often associated with mouth ulcers, pneumonia, and sepsis. The nonprogressive myopathy predominantly affects the proximal muscles, and results in early motor delays. Prepubertal growth delay is followed by a postpubertal growth spurt with remarkable "catch-up" growth. Heterozygous females who have a normal karyotype are asymptomatic and have normal biochemical studies.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/107893">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_371831"><div><strong>Dilated cardiomyopathy 1S</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>371831</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1834481</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Any familial isolated dilated cardiomyopathy in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the MYH7 gene.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/371831">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_373381"><div><strong>Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia with congenital joint dislocations</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>373381</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1837657</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Chondrodysplasia with congenital joint dislocations, CHST3-related (CDCJD-CHST3) is characterized by short stature of prenatal onset, joint dislocations (knees, hips, radial heads), clubfeet, and limitation of range of motion that can involve all large joints. Kyphosis and occasionally scoliosis with slight shortening of the trunk develop in childhood. Minor heart valve dysplasia has been described in several persons. Intellect and vision are normal.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/373381">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_342358"><div><strong>Pili torti-developmental delay-neurological abnormalities syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>342358</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1849811</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Abnormal hair, joint laxity, and developmental delay (HJDD) is characterized by normal hair at birth that gradually becomes sparse, twisted, brittle, and easily broken, with pili torti and trichorrhexis nodosa observed on light microscopy. Other features include increased joint mobility and cognitive delay (summary by Sharma et al., 2019).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/342358">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_347179"><div><strong>Bardet-Biedl syndrome 3</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>347179</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1859564</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Bardet-Biedl syndrome-3 (BBS3) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by retinal dystrophy, polydactyly, renal structural abnormalities, and history of obesity. Although mental retardation has been considered part of the BBS phenotype, several patients with BBS3 and normal intelligence have been reported. Additionally, the obesity in several BBS3 patients has been reversible with caloric restriction and exercise (Young et al., 1998; Ghadami et al., 2000).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Bardet-Biedl syndrome, see BBS1 (209900).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/347179">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_356497"><div><strong>Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, musculocontractural type</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>356497</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1866294</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Bleeding problems are common in the vascular type of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and are caused by unpredictable tearing (rupture) of blood vessels and organs. These complications can lead to easy bruising, internal bleeding, a hole in the wall of the intestine (intestinal perforation), or stroke. During pregnancy, women with vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome may experience rupture of the uterus. Additional forms of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome that involve rupture of the blood vessels include the kyphoscoliotic, classical, and classical-like types.\n\nOther types of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome have additional signs and symptoms. The cardiac-valvular type causes severe problems with the valves that control the movement of blood through the heart. People with the kyphoscoliotic type experience severe curvature of the spine that worsens over time and can interfere with breathing by restricting lung expansion. A type of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome called brittle cornea syndrome is characterized by thinness of the clear covering of the eye (the cornea) and other eye abnormalities. The spondylodysplastic type features short stature and skeletal abnormalities such as abnormally curved (bowed) limbs. Abnormalities of muscles, including hypotonia and permanently bent joints (contractures), are among the characteristic signs of the musculocontractural and myopathic forms of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. The periodontal type causes abnormalities of the teeth and gums.\n\nMany people with the Ehlers-Danlos syndromes have soft, velvety skin that is highly stretchy (elastic) and fragile. Affected individuals tend to bruise easily, and some types of the condition also cause abnormal scarring. People with the classical form of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome experience wounds that split open with little bleeding and leave scars that widen over time to create characteristic "cigarette paper" scars. The dermatosparaxis type of the disorder is characterized by loose skin that sags and wrinkles, and extra (redundant) folds of skin may be present.\n\nAn unusually large range of joint movement (hypermobility) occurs in most forms of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, and it is a hallmark feature of the hypermobile type. Infants and children with hypermobility often have weak muscle tone (hypotonia), which can delay the development of motor skills such as sitting, standing, and walking. The loose joints are unstable and prone to dislocation and chronic pain. In the arthrochalasia type of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, infants have hypermobility and dislocations of both hips at birth.\n\nThe various forms of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome have been classified in several different ways. Originally, 11 forms of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome were named using Roman numerals to indicate the types (type I, type II, and so on). In 1997, researchers proposed a simpler classification (the Villefranche nomenclature) that reduced the number of types to six and gave them descriptive names based on their major features. In 2017, the classification was updated to include rare forms of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome that were identified more recently. The 2017 classification describes 13 types of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.\n\nEhlers-Danlos syndrome is a group of disorders that affect connective tissues supporting the skin, bones, blood vessels, and many other organs and tissues. Defects in connective tissues cause the signs and symptoms of these conditions, which range from mildly loose joints to life-threatening complications.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/356497">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_369554"><div><strong>Mungan syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>369554</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1969653</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Mungan syndrome (MGS) is characterized by chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction (CIPO), megaduodenum, long-segment Barrett esophagus, and cardiac abnormalities of variable severity (summary by Bonora et al., 2015).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/369554">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_394125"><div><strong>Fontaine progeroid syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>394125</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2676780</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">SLC25A24 Fontaine progeroid syndrome is a multisystem connective tissue disorder characterized by poor growth, abnormal skeletal features, and distinctive craniofacial features with sagging, thin skin, and decreased subcutaneous fat suggesting an aged appearance that is most pronounced in infancy and improves with time. Characteristic radiographic features include turribrachycephaly with widely open anterior fontanelle, craniosynostosis, and anomalies of the terminal phalanges. Cardiovascular, genitourinary, ocular, and gastrointestinal abnormalities may also occur. To date, 13 individuals with a molecularly confirmed diagnosis of SLC25A24 Fontaine progeroid syndrome have been described.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/394125">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_461565"><div><strong>Chromosome 6q24-q25 deletion syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>461565</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3150215</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">6q25 microdeletion syndrome is a recently described syndrome characterized by developmental delay, facial dysmorphism and hearing loss.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/461565">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_462814"><div><strong>Atrial fibrillation, familial, 10</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>462814</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3151464</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Atrial fibrillation is the most common sustained cardiac rhythm disturbance, affecting more than 2 million Americans, with an overall prevalence of 0.89%. The prevalence increases rapidly with age, to 2.3% between the ages of 40 and 60 years, and to 5.9% over the age of 65. The most dreaded complication is thromboembolic stroke (Brugada et al., 1997).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of atrial fibrillation, see 608583.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/462814">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_477791"><div><strong>Arterial calcification, generalized, of infancy, 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>477791</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3276161</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Generalized arterial calcification of infancy (GACI) is characterized by infantile onset of widespread arterial calcification and/or narrowing of large and medium-sized vessels resulting in cardiovascular findings (which can include heart failure, respiratory distress, edema, cyanosis, hypertension, and/or cardiomegaly). Additional findings can include typical skin and retinal manifestations of pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), periarticular calcifications, development of rickets after infancy, cervical spine fusion, and hearing loss. While mortality in infancy is high, survival into the third and fourth decades has occurred.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/477791">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_482428"><div><strong>Cutis laxa, autosomal recessive, type 1B</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>482428</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3280798</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">EFEMP2-related cutis laxa, or autosomal recessive cutis laxa type 1B (ARCL1B), is characterized by cutis laxa and systemic involvement, most commonly arterial tortuosity, aneurysms, and stenosis; retrognathia; joint laxity; and arachnodactyly. Severity ranges from perinatal lethality as a result of cardiopulmonary failure to manifestations limited to the vascular and craniofacial systems.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/482428">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_482790"><div><strong>Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, kyphoscoliotic type, 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>482790</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3281160</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">FKBP14 kyphoscoliotic Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (FKBP14-kEDS) is characterized by congenital muscle hypotonia and weakness (typically improving during childhood), progressive scoliosis, joint hypermobility, hyperelastic skin, gross motor developmental delay, myopathy, and hearing impairment. Most affected children achieve independent walking between ages two and four years. A decline of motor function in adulthood may be seen, but affected individuals are likely to be able to participate in activities of daily living in adulthood and maintain independent walking. Occasional features underlying systemic connective tissue involvement include aortic rupture and arterial dissection, subdural hygroma, insufficiency of cardiac valves, bluish sclerae, bladder diverticula, inguinal or umbilical herniae, and premature rupture of membranes during pregnancy. Rarer findings may include bifid uvula with submucous or frank cleft palate, speech/language delay without true cognitive impairment, and rectal prolapse.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/482790">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_766854"><div><strong>Peroxisome biogenesis disorder 5A (Zellweger)</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>766854</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3553940</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The peroxisomal biogenesis disorder (PBD) Zellweger syndrome (ZS) is an autosomal recessive multiple congenital anomaly syndrome. Affected children present in the newborn period with profound hypotonia, seizures, and inability to feed. Characteristic craniofacial anomalies, eye abnormalities, neuronal migration defects, hepatomegaly, and chondrodysplasia punctata are present. Children with this condition do not show any significant development and usually die in the first year of life (summary by Steinberg et al., 2006).&#13; For a complete phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Zellweger syndrome, see 214100.&#13; Individuals with PBDs of complementation group 5 (CG5, equivalent to CG10 and CGF) have mutations in the PEX2 gene. For information on the history of PBD complementation groups, see 214100.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/766854">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_767161"><div><strong>MEGF8-related Carpenter syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>767161</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3554247</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Carpenter syndrome-2 (CRPT2) is an autosomal recessive multiple congenital malformation disorder characterized by multisuture craniosynostosis and polysyndactyly of the hands and feet, in association with abnormal left-right patterning and other features, most commonly obesity, umbilical hernia, cryptorchidism, and congenital heart disease (summary by Twigg et al., 2012).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Carpenter syndrome, see 201000.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/767161">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_862982"><div><strong>Tatton-Brown-Rahman overgrowth syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>862982</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4014545</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Tatton-Brown-Rahman syndrome (TBRS) is an overgrowth / intellectual disability syndrome characterized by length/height and/or head circumference =2 standard deviations above the mean for age and sex, obesity / increased weight, intellectual disability that ranges from mild to severe, joint hypermobility, hypotonia, behavioral/psychiatric issues, kyphoscoliosis, and seizures. Individuals with TBRS have subtle dysmorphic features, including a round face with coarse features, thick horizontal low-set eyebrows, narrow (as measured vertically) palpebral fissures, and prominent upper central incisors. The facial gestalt is most easily recognizable in the teenage years. TBRS may be associated with an increased risk of developing acute myeloid leukemia. There are less clear associations with aortic root dilatation and increased risk of other hematologic and solid tumors.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/862982">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_907878"><div><strong>Autosomal dominant Robinow syndrome 3</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>907878</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4225164</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Autosomal dominant Robinow syndrome (ADRS) is characterized by skeletal findings (short stature, mesomelic limb shortening predominantly of the upper limbs, and brachydactyly), genital abnormalities (in males: micropenis / webbed penis, hypoplastic scrotum, cryptorchidism; in females: hypoplastic clitoris and labia majora), dysmorphic facial features (widely spaced and prominent eyes, frontal bossing, anteverted nares, midface retrusion), dental abnormalities (including malocclusion, crowding, hypodontia, late eruption of permanent teeth), bilobed tongue, and occasional prenatal macrocephaly that persists postnatally. Less common findings include renal anomalies, radial head dislocation, vertebral abnormalities such as hemivertebrae and scoliosis, nail dysplasia, cardiac defects, cleft lip/palate, and (rarely) cognitive delay. When present, cardiac defects are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. A variant of Robinow syndrome, associated with osteosclerosis and caused by a heterozygous pathogenic variant in DVL1, is characterized by normal stature, persistent macrocephaly, increased bone mineral density with skull osteosclerosis, and hearing loss, in addition to the typical features described above.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/907878">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_908556"><div><strong>Adams-Oliver syndrome 6</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>908556</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4225271</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Adams-Oliver syndrome is a rare developmental disorder defined by the combination of aplasia cutis congenita of the scalp vertex and terminal transverse limb defects (e.g., amputations, syndactyly, brachydactyly, or oligodactyly). In addition, vascular anomalies such as cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita, pulmonary hypertension, portal hypertension, and retinal hypervascularization are recurrent findings. Congenital heart defects have been estimated to be present in 20% of AOS patients; reported malformations include ventricular septal defects, anomalies of the great arteries and their valves, and tetralogy of Fallot (summary by Stittrich et al., 2014).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Adams-Oliver syndrome, see AOS1 (100300).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/908556">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_905398"><div><strong>Cardioencephalomyopathy, fatal infantile, due to cytochrome c oxidase deficiency 4</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>905398</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4225304</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Mitochondrial complex IV deficiency nuclear type 13 (MC4DN13) is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder characterized by the onset of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy soon after birth. Affected individuals have hypotonia, weakness, and failure to thrive, resulting in death in infancy. Laboratory studies show increased serum lactate and decreased levels and activity of mitochondrial respiratory complex IV (summary by Baertling et al., 2015).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of mitochondrial complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase) deficiency, see 220110.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/905398">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_934786"><div><strong>Immunodeficiency 47</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>934786</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4310819</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Immunodeficiency-47 (IMD47) is an X-linked recessive complex syndrome characterized by liver dysfunction, recurrent bacterial infections, hypogammaglobulinemia, and defective glycosylation of serum proteins. Some patients also have neurologic abnormalities (summary by Jansen et al., 2016).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/934786">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1385755"><div><strong>Autosomal recessive cutis laxa type 2C</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1385755</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4479387</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Autosomal recessive cutis laxa type IIC (ARCL2C) is characterized by generalized skin wrinkling with sparse subcutaneous fat and dysmorphic progeroid facial features. Most patients also exhibit severe hypotonia as well as cardiovascular involvement (summary by Van Damme et al., 2017).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of autosomal recessive cutis laxa, see ARCL1A (219100).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1385755">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1376945"><div><strong>Noonan syndrome-like disorder with loose anagen hair 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1376945</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4479577</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An inherited condition caused by autosomal dominant mutation(s) in the PPP1CB gene, encoding serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-beta catalytic subunit. The condition is characterized by facial features similar to those seen in Noonan syndrome but may also include short stature, cognitive deficits, relative macrocephaly, small posterior fossa resulting in Chiari I malformation, hypernasal voice, cardiac defects, and ectodermal abnormalities, which typically presents as slow-growing, sparse, and/or unruly hair.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1376945">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1648325"><div><strong>Cardiomyopathy, familial hypertrophic 27</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1648325</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4748014</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">CMH27 is a severe, early-onset cardiomyopathy with morphologic features of both dilated and hypertrophic disease, characterized by biventricular involvement and atypical distribution of hypertrophy. Heterozygotes are at increased risk of developing cardiomyopathy (Almomani et al., 2016).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, see CMH1 (192600).&#13; An oligogenic form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, involving heterozygous mutations in the ALPK3, TTN (188840), and MYL3 (160790) genes has also been reported in 1 family.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1648325">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1682553"><div><strong>Khan-Khan-Katsanis syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1682553</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5193110</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Khan-Khan-Katsanis syndrome (3KS) is an autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder with variable involvement of the ocular, renal, skeletal, and sometimes cardiac systems. Affected individuals present at birth with multiple congenital anomalies, defects in urogenital and limb morphogenesis, poor overall growth with microcephaly, and global developmental delay (summary by Khan et al., 2019).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1682553">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1684841"><div><strong>Neurooculocardiogenitourinary syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1684841</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5231443</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Neurooculocardiogenitourinary syndrome (NOCGUS) is a multisystem disorder characterized by poor growth and anomalies of the ocular, craniofacial, neurologic, cardiovascular, genitourinary, skeletal, and gastrointestinal systems. Lethality before 2 years of age has been observed (Reis et al., 2019).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1684841">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1711043"><div><strong>Skeletal dysplasia, mild, with joint laxity and advanced bone age</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1711043</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5394341</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">CSGALNACT1 deficiency is characterized by mild skeletal dysplasia, joint hypermobility, and advanced bone age. Shortness of long bones is evident prenatally, and patients exhibit short stature and relative macrocephaly. Advanced carpotarsal bone age and monkey-wrench appearance of the femur observed in infancy may disappear with age (Mizumoto et al., 2020).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1711043">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1718475"><div><strong>Agenesis of corpus callosum, cardiac, ocular, and genital syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1718475</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5394523</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Agenesis of corpus callosum, cardiac, ocular, and genital syndrome (ACOGS) is a syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by global developmental delay and/or intellectual disability, corpus callosum agenesis or hypoplasia, craniofacial dysmorphisms, and ocular, cardiac, and genital anomalies (Accogli et al., 2019).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1718475">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1754683"><div><strong>Mitochondrial complex 4 deficiency, nuclear type 7</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1754683</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5436685</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Mitochondrial complex IV deficiency nuclear type 7 (MC4DN7) is an autosomal recessive metabolic encephalomyopathic disorder with highly variable manifestations. Only a few patients have been reported. Some patients have normal early development then show rapid neurodegeneration with progressive muscle weakness, gait disturbances, and cognitive decline in mid to late childhood. Other features may include seizures and visual impairment. Brain imaging shows progressive leukodystrophy with cystic lesions. In contrast, at least 1 patient has been reported who presented in the neonatal period with metabolic acidosis, hydrocephalus, hypotonia, and cortical blindness. This patient developed hypertrophic cardiomyopathy resulting in early death. All patients had increased serum lactate and decreased levels and activity of mitochondrial respiratory complex IV (summary by Massa et al., 2008 and Abdulhag et al., 2015).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of mitochondrial complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase) deficiency, see 220110.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1754683">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1741713"><div><strong>Mandibuloacral dysplasia progeroid syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1741713</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5436867</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Mandibuloacral dysplasia progeroid syndrome (MDPS) is an autosomal recessive severe laminopathy-like disorder characterized by growth retardation, bone resorption, arterial calcification, renal glomerulosclerosis, and hypertension (Elouej et al., 2020).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1741713">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1751884"><div><strong>Mitochondrial complex 2 deficiency, nuclear type 3</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1751884</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5436934</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Mitochondrial complex II deficiency nuclear type 3 (MC2DN3) is an autosomal recessive multisystemic metabolic disorder with a highly variable phenotype. Some patients may have an encephalomyopathic picture with episodic developmental regression, loss of motor skills, hypotonia, ataxia, dystonia, and seizures or myoclonus. Other patients present in infancy with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, which may be fatal. Laboratory studies show increased serum lactate and mitochondrial complex II deficiency in muscle and fibroblasts (summary by Jackson et al., 2014 and Alston et al., 2015).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of MC2DN, see MC2DN1 (252011).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1751884">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1782612"><div><strong>Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 2D</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1782612</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5543535</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Dilated cardiomyopathy-2D (CMD2D) is characterized by neonatal onset of severe cardiomyopathy, with rapid progression to cardiac decompensation and death unless the patient undergoes heart transplantation (Ganapathi et al., 2020).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of dilated cardiomyopathy, see 115200.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1782612">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1780781"><div><strong>Cardiomyopathy, familial restrictive, 6</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1780781</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5543638</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Familial restrictive cardiomyopathy-6 (RCM6) is characterized by prenatal onset of severe restrictive cardiomyopathy predominantly involving the right ventricle, resulting in irreversible heart failure and early death (Louw et al., 2018).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of familial restrictive cardiomyopathy, see RCM1 (115210).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1780781">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1794156"><div><strong>Luo-Schoch-Yamamoto syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1794156</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5561946</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Luo-Schoch-Yamamoto syndrome (LUSYAM) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by global developmental delay and impaired intellectual development apparent from infancy. Affected individuals have delayed walking, early-onset seizures, hypotonia, dysmorphic facial features, and white matter abnormalities on brain imaging (Luo et al., 2021).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1794156">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1794200"><div><strong>Biliary, renal, neurologic, and skeletal syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1794200</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5561990</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Biliary, renal, neurologic, and skeletal syndrome (BRENS) is an autosomal recessive complex ciliopathy with multisystemic manifestations. The most common presentation is severe neonatal cholestasis that progresses to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Most patients have additional clinical features suggestive of a ciliopathy, including postaxial polydactyly, hydrocephalus, retinal abnormalities, and situs inversus. Additional features of the syndrome may include congenital cardiac defects, echogenic kidneys with renal failure, ocular abnormalities, joint hyperextensibility, and dysmorphic facial features. Some patients have global developmental delay. Brain imaging typically shows dilated ventricles, hypomyelination, and white matter abnormalities, although some patients have been described with abnormal pituitary development (summary by Shaheen et al., 2020 and David et al., 2020).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1794200">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1794215"><div><strong>Cerebellar ataxia, brain abnormalities, and cardiac conduction defects</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1794215</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5562005</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Cerebellar ataxia, brain abnormalities, and cardiac conduction defects (CABAC) is an autosomal recessive primarily neurologic disorder with variable manifestations. Common features included infantile-onset hypotonia, poor motor development, poor feeding and overall growth, and ataxic gait due to cerebellar ataxia. Other features include dysarthria, nystagmus, variable ocular anomalies, spasticity, hyperreflexia, and nonspecific dysmorphic features. Most, but not all, patients have global developmental delay with impaired intellectual development and speech delay. Brain imaging shows cerebellar hypoplasia, often with brainstem hypoplasia, enlarged ventricles, delayed myelination, and thin corpus callosum. A significant number of patients develop cardiac conduction defects in childhood or adolescence, often requiring pacemaker placement (summary by Slavotinek et al., 2020).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1794215">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1804175"><div><strong>Immunodeficiency 93 and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1804175</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5676899</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Immunodeficiency-93 and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (IMD93) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by onset of recurrent viral and bacterial infections, particularly with encapsulated bacteria, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in the first months or years of life. Immunologic workup typically shows decreased circulating B cells and hypo- or agammaglobulinemia, sometimes with neutropenia or T-cell lymphocytosis, although laboratory findings may be variable among patients. Ig replacement therapy is beneficial. Cardiac involvement can also include atrial septal defect, valvular insufficiency, and pre-excitation syndrome. Rare myopathic or neurologic involvement has been reported, but these features are not consistently part of the disorder and may be related to other genetic defects (summary by Niehues et al., 2020 and Saettini et al., 2021).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1804175">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1809650"><div><strong>Meckel syndrome 14</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1809650</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5676989</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Meckel syndrome-14 (MKS14) is a lethal disorder characterized by occipital encephalocele, postaxial polydactyly of the hands and feet, and polycystic kidneys. Stillbirth has been reported, as well as death within hours in a live-born affected individual (Shaheen et al., 2016; Ridnoi et al., 2019).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Meckel syndrome, see MKS1 (249000).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1809650">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1801983"><div><strong>Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 2G</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1801983</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5676995</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Dilated cardiomyopathy-2G (CMD2G) is characterized by early-onset severe dilated cardiomyopathy that progresses rapidly to heart failure in the neonatal period without evidence of intervening hypertrophy. Cardiac tissue exhibits markedly shortened thin filaments, disorganized myofibrils, and reduced contractile force generation, resulting in the severe ventricular dysfunction observed. There is no evidence of skeletal muscle hypertrophy (Ahrens-Nicklas et al., 2019).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of dilated cardiomyopathy, see 115200.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1801983">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1823949"><div><strong>Cardiac valvular defect, developmental</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1823949</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5774175</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Cardiac valvular dysplasia-1 (CVDP1) is characterized by congenital malformations of the pulmonic, tricuspid, and mitral valves. Structural cardiac defects, including atrial and ventricular septal defects, single left ventricle, and hypoplastic right ventricle have also been observed in affected individuals (Ta-Shma et al., 2017).&#13; Genetic Heterogeneity of Cardiac Valvular Dysplasia&#13; CVDP2 (620067) is caused by mutation in the ADAMTS19 gene (607513) on chromosome 5q23.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1823949">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1823998"><div><strong>Neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, cerebral atrophy, and visual impairment</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1823998</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5774225</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, cerebral atrophy, and visual impairment (NEDMVIC) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by global developmental delay, impaired intellectual development, facial dysmorphism, and microcephaly (Ziegler et al., 2022).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1823998">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1823999"><div><strong>Cardiac valvular dysplasia 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1823999</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5774226</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Cardiac valvular dysplasia-2 (CVDP2) is characterized primarily by congenital stenosis and insufficiency of the semilunar valves, although mild insufficiency of the atrioventricular valves has been observed as well. Other features include subaortic stenosis and dilation of the ascending aorta and/or pulmonary artery in some patients (Wunnemann et al., 2020; Massadeh et al., 2020).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of CVDP, see CVDP1 (212093).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1823999">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1824046"><div><strong>Congenital myopathy 15</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1824046</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5774273</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Congenital myopathy-15 (CMYO15) is a skeletal muscle disorder characterized by symptom onset soon after birth. Affected infants are hypotonic and have severe respiratory insufficiency and feeding problems, sometimes requiring mechanical ventilation or tube feeding. The disorder is unique in that there is gradual improvement of the severe muscle weakness with time, although forced vital capacity remains decreased. Additional features include facial weakness, scoliosis, joint contractures, and persistent ptosis or external ophthalmoplegia (van de Locht et al., 2021).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of congenital myopathy, see CMYO1A (117000).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1824046">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1824079"><div><strong>Respiratory infections, recurrent, and failure to thrive with or without diarrhea</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1824079</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5774306</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Recurrent respiratory infections and failure to thrive with or without diarrhea (RIFTD) is characterized by neonatal onset of chronic cough, episodic wheezing, recurrent lower respiratory tract infections, chronic diarrhea, and failure to thrive. Despite the resemblance to cystic fibrosis (CF; 219700), these patients have normal sweat chloride and pancreatic elastase tests (Bertoli-Avella et al., 2022).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1824079">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1841010"><div><strong>Mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1841010</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5830374</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Long-chain hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD) deficiency and trifunctional protein (TFP) deficiency are caused by impairment of mitochondrial TFP. TFP has three enzymatic activities long-chain enoyl-CoA hydratase, long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, and long-chain 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase. In individuals with LCHAD deficiency, there is isolated deficiency of long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, while deficiency of all three enzymes occurs in individuals with TFP deficiency. Individuals with TFP deficiency can present with a severe-to-mild phenotype, while individuals with LCHAD deficiency typically present with a severe-to-intermediate phenotype. Neonates with the severe phenotype present within a few days of birth with hypoglycemia, hepatomegaly, encephalopathy, and often cardiomyopathy. The intermediate phenotype is characterized by hypoketotic hypoglycemia precipitated by infection or fasting in infancy. The mild (late-onset) phenotype is characterized by myopathy and/or neuropathy. Long-term complications include peripheral neuropathy and retinopathy.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1841010">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1841021"><div><strong>Neurodegeneration and seizures due to copper transport defect</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1841021</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5830385</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Neurodegeneration and seizures due to copper transport defect (NSCT) is an autosomal recessive disorder of copper transport characterized by hypotonia, global developmental delay, seizures, and rapid brain atrophy (summary by Dame et al., 2023).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1841021">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1841089"><div><strong>Congenital myopathy 22A, classic</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1841089</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5830453</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Classic congenital myopathy-22A (CMYO22A) is an autosomal recessive muscle disorder characterized by onset of muscle weakness in utero or soon after birth. Early features may include fetal hypokinesia, breech presentation, and polyhydramnios. Affected individuals are born with severe hypotonia and require respiratory and feeding assistance. Those who survive the neonatal period show a 'classic' phenotype of congenital myopathy with delayed motor development, difficulty walking, proximal muscle weakness of the upper and lower limbs, facial and neck muscle weakness, easy fatigability, and mild limb contractures or foot deformities. Some have persistent respiratory insufficiency; dysmorphic facial features may be present (Zaharieva et al., 2016).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of congenital myopathy, see CMYO1A (117000).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1841089">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1841145"><div><strong>Neurodevelopmental disorder with intracranial hemorrhage, seizures, and spasticity</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1841145</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5830509</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Neurodevelopmental disorder with intracranial hemorrhage, seizures, and spasticity (NEDIHSS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by prenatal or neonatal onset of intracranial hemorrhage, usually with ventriculomegaly and calcifications, resulting in parenchymal brain damage. Some affected individuals have symptoms incompatible with life and die in utero. Those that survive show profound global developmental delay with almost no motor or cognitive skills, hypotonia, spasticity, and seizures. Other features may include facial dysmorphism, retinal vascular abnormalities, and poor overall growth. The pathogenesis of the disease likely results from dysfunction of vascular endothelial cells in the brain (Lecca et al., 2023).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1841145">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1847702"><div><strong>Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy with variable ectodermal abnormalities</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1847702</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5882696</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy with variable ectodermal abnormalities (ARCME) is characterized by severe dilated cardiomyopathy resulting in death or cardiac transplantation in childhood. Ventricular tachycardia, sustained or nonsustained, has been reported. In addition, some patients exhibit ectodermal manifestations including woolly or wiry hair, dental anomalies, dry skin, and/or dystrophic nails. Cleft lip and palate and corneal abnormalities have also been observed (Robinson et al., 2020; Henry et al., 2022).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1847702">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1844202"><div><strong>Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, Guo-Campeau type</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1844202</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5882737</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The Guo-Campeau type of spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia (SEMDGC) is characterized by severe bone dysplasia resulting in significant short stature with variable anomalies of the spine, pelvis, hips, and extremities, including short, rudimentary, or absent digits. Patients also exhibit variable facial dysmorphisms (Guo et al., 2023).&#13; Biallelic null mutations in the ERI1 gene have been reported to cause a less severe disorder, Hoxha-Alia syndrome, involving digital anomalies and mild intellectual disability (HXAL; 620662).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1844202">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_107893" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">3-Methylglutaconic aciduria type 2</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_908556" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Adams-Oliver syndrome 6</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1718475" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Agenesis of corpus callosum, cardiac, ocular, and genital syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1847702" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy with variable ectodermal abnormalities</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_477791" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Arterial calcification, generalized, of infancy, 2</a></div><div class="jig-moreless" data-jigconfig="class: 'moveDown', moreText: 'See full list (55)', lessText: 'Show less', nodeBefore: 0"><span id="clinMore">
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_462814" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Atrial fibrillation, familial, 10</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_907878" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autosomal dominant Robinow syndrome 3</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1385755" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autosomal recessive cutis laxa type 2C</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_347179" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Bardet-Biedl syndrome 3</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1794200" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Biliary, renal, neurologic, and skeletal syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1823949" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cardiac valvular defect, developmental</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1823999" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cardiac valvular dysplasia 2</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_78083" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cardiac valvular dysplasia, X-linked</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_905398" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cardioencephalomyopathy, fatal infantile, due to cytochrome c oxidase deficiency 4</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1782612" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 2D</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1801983" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 2G</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1648325" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cardiomyopathy, familial hypertrophic 27</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1780781" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cardiomyopathy, familial restrictive, 6</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1794215" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cerebellar ataxia, brain abnormalities, and cardiac conduction defects</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_461565" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Chromosome 6q24-q25 deletion syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1824046" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Congenital myopathy 15</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1841089" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Congenital myopathy 22A, classic</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_482428" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cutis laxa, autosomal recessive, type 1B</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_371831" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dilated cardiomyopathy 1S</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_482790" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, kyphoscoliotic type, 2</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_356497" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, musculocontractural type</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_96073" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Familial cutaneous collagenoma</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_394125" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Fontaine progeroid syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_120524" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Holt-Oram syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_934786" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Immunodeficiency 47</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1804175" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Immunodeficiency 93 and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1682553" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Khan-Khan-Katsanis syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1794156" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Luo-Schoch-Yamamoto syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1741713" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mandibuloacral dysplasia progeroid syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_44287" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Marfan syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1809650" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Meckel syndrome 14</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_767161" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">MEGF8-related Carpenter syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1751884" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mitochondrial complex 2 deficiency, nuclear type 3</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1754683" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mitochondrial complex 4 deficiency, nuclear type 7</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1841010" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency 2</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_44514" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mucopolysaccharidosis type 6</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_369554" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mungan syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1841021" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neurodegeneration and seizures due to copper transport defect</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1841145" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neurodevelopmental disorder with intracranial hemorrhage, seizures, and spasticity</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1823998" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, cerebral atrophy, and visual impairment</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1684841" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neurooculocardiogenitourinary syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1376945" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Noonan syndrome-like disorder with loose anagen hair 2</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_766854" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Peroxisome biogenesis disorder 5A (Zellweger)</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_342358" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Pili torti-developmental delay-neurological abnormalities syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1824079" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Respiratory infections, recurrent, and failure to thrive with or without diarrhea</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_44252" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Short-rib thoracic dysplasia 6 with or without polydactyly</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1711043" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Skeletal dysplasia, mild, with joint laxity and advanced bone age</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1844202" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, Guo-Campeau type</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_373381" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia with congenital joint dislocations</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_862982" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Tatton-Brown-Rahman overgrowth syndrome</a></div></span></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34453165">2021 ESC/EACTS Guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Vahanian A,
Beyersdorf F,
Praz F,
Milojevic M,
Baldus S,
Bauersachs J,
Capodanno D,
Conradi L,
De Bonis M,
De Paulis R,
Delgado V,
Freemantle N,
Gilard M,
Haugaa KH,
Jeppsson A,
Jüni P,
Pierard L,
Prendergast BD,
Sádaba JR,
Tribouilloy C,
Wojakowski W;
ESC/EACTS Scientific Document Group</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur Heart J</span>
2022 Feb 12;43(7):561-632.
doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab395.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34453165" target="_blank">34453165</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33332150">2020 ACC/AHA Guideline for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Otto CM,
Nishimura RA,
Bonow RO,
Carabello BA,
Erwin JP 3rd,
Gentile F,
Jneid H,
Krieger EV,
Mack M,
McLeod C,
O'Gara PT,
Rigolin VH,
Sundt TM 3rd,
Thompson A,
Toly C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Circulation</span>
2021 Feb 2;143(5):e72-e227.
Epub 2020 Dec 17
doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000923.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33332150" target="_blank">33332150</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33332149">2020 ACC/AHA Guideline for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Otto CM,
Nishimura RA,
Bonow RO,
Carabello BA,
Erwin JP 3rd,
Gentile F,
Jneid H,
Krieger EV,
Mack M,
McLeod C,
O'Gara PT,
Rigolin VH,
Sundt TM 3rd,
Thompson A,
Toly C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Circulation</span>
2021 Feb 2;143(5):e35-e71.
Epub 2020 Dec 17
doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000932.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33332149" target="_blank">33332149</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22tricuspid%20regurgitation%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (199)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38131233">Epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of chronic right-sided heart failure and tricuspid regurgitation. A clinical consensus statement of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) and the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI) of the ESC.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Adamo M,
Chioncel O,
Pagnesi M,
Bayes-Genis A,
Abdelhamid M,
Anker SD,
Antohi EL,
Badano L,
Ben Gal T,
Böhm M,
Delgado V,
Dreyfus J,
Faletra FF,
Farmakis D,
Filippatos G,
Grapsa J,
Gustafsson F,
Hausleiter J,
Jaarsma T,
Karam N,
Lund L,
Lurz P,
Maisano F,
Moura B,
Mullens W,
Praz F,
Sannino A,
Savarese G,
Tocchetti CG,
van Empel VPM,
von Bardeleben RS,
Yilmaz MB,
Zamorano JL,
Ponikowski P,
Barbato E,
Rosano GMC,
Metra M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Heart Fail</span>
2024 Jan;26(1):18-33.
Epub 2024 Jan 14
doi: 10.1002/ejhf.3106.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38131233" target="_blank">38131233</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36876753">Transcatheter Repair for Patients with Tricuspid Regurgitation.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sorajja P,
Whisenant B,
Hamid N,
Naik H,
Makkar R,
Tadros P,
Price MJ,
Singh G,
Fam N,
Kar S,
Schwartz JG,
Mehta S,
Bae R,
Sekaran N,
Warner T,
Makar M,
Zorn G,
Spinner EM,
Trusty PM,
Benza R,
Jorde U,
McCarthy P,
Thourani V,
Tang GHL,
Hahn RT,
Adams DH;
TRILUMINATE Pivotal Investigators</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">N Engl J Med</span>
2023 May 18;388(20):1833-1842.
Epub 2023 Mar 4
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2300525.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36876753" target="_blank">36876753</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34957757">Etiology, epidemiology, pathophysiology and management of tricuspid regurgitation: an overview.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Condello F,
Gitto M,
Stefanini GG</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Rev Cardiovasc Med</span>
2021 Dec 22;22(4):1115-1142.
doi: 10.31083/j.rcm2204122.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34957757" target="_blank">34957757</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31997064">Gender-specific differences in valvular heart disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Nitsche C,
Koschutnik M,
Kammerlander A,
Hengstenberg C,
Mascherbauer J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Wien Klin Wochenschr</span>
2020 Feb;132(3-4):61-68.
Epub 2020 Jan 29
doi: 10.1007/s00508-019-01603-x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31997064" target="_blank">31997064</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7035223" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30846121">Anatomy and Physiology of the Tricuspid Valve.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Dahou A,
Levin D,
Reisman M,
Hahn RT</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JACC Cardiovasc Imaging</span>
2019 Mar;12(3):458-468.
doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2018.07.032.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30846121" target="_blank">30846121</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Tricuspid%20regurgitation%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (3404)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38278576">Valvular Heart Disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kisling A,
Gallagher R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Prim Care</span>
2024 Mar;51(1):95-109.
Epub 2023 Sep 7
doi: 10.1016/j.pop.2023.08.003.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38278576" target="_blank">38278576</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35157070">Tricuspid regurgitation: recent advances in understanding pathophysiology, severity grading and outcome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hahn RT,
Badano LP,
Bartko PE,
Muraru D,
Maisano F,
Zamorano JL,
Donal E</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging</span>
2022 Jun 21;23(7):913-929.
doi: 10.1093/ehjci/jeac009.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35157070" target="_blank">35157070</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30846124">3-Dimensional Echocardiography in Imaging the Tricuspid Valve.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Muraru D,
Hahn RT,
Soliman OI,
Faletra FF,
Basso C,
Badano LP</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JACC Cardiovasc Imaging</span>
2019 Mar;12(3):500-515.
doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2018.10.035.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30846124" target="_blank">30846124</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30846123">Morphologic Types of Tricuspid Regurgitation: Characteristics and Prognostic Implications.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Prihadi EA,
Delgado V,
Leon MB,
Enriquez-Sarano M,
Topilsky Y,
Bax JJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JACC Cardiovasc Imaging</span>
2019 Mar;12(3):491-499.
doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2018.09.027.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30846123" target="_blank">30846123</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30846122">Imaging Assessment of Tricuspid Regurgitation Severity.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hahn RT,
Thomas JD,
Khalique OK,
Cavalcante JL,
Praz F,
Zoghbi WA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JACC Cardiovasc Imaging</span>
2019 Mar;12(3):469-490.
doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2018.07.033.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30846122" target="_blank">30846122</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Tricuspid%20regurgitation%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (2407)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38426859">Transcatheter treatment of the tricuspid valve: current status and perspectives.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Maisano F,
Hahn R,
Sorajja P,
Praz F,
Lurz P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur Heart J</span>
2024 Mar 14;45(11):876-894.
doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehae082.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38426859" target="_blank">38426859</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37804294">Tricuspid Valve Academic Research Consortium Definitions for Tricuspid Regurgitation and Trial Endpoints.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hahn RT,
Lawlor MK,
Davidson CJ,
Badhwar V,
Sannino A,
Spitzer E,
Lurz P,
Lindman BR,
Topilsky Y,
Baron SJ,
Chadderdon S,
Khalique OK,
Tang GHL,
Taramasso M,
Grayburn PA,
Badano L,
Leipsic J,
Lindenfeld J,
Windecker S,
Vemulapalli S,
Redfors B,
Alu MC,
Cohen DJ,
Rodés-Cabau J,
Ailawadi G,
Mack M,
Ben-Yehuda O,
Leon MB,
Hausleiter J;
TVARC Steering Committee</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Am Coll Cardiol</span>
2023 Oct 24;82(17):1711-1735.
Epub 2023 Oct 4
doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.08.008.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37804294" target="_blank">37804294</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36876753">Transcatheter Repair for Patients with Tricuspid Regurgitation.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sorajja P,
Whisenant B,
Hamid N,
Naik H,
Makkar R,
Tadros P,
Price MJ,
Singh G,
Fam N,
Kar S,
Schwartz JG,
Mehta S,
Bae R,
Sekaran N,
Warner T,
Makar M,
Zorn G,
Spinner EM,
Trusty PM,
Benza R,
Jorde U,
McCarthy P,
Thourani V,
Tang GHL,
Hahn RT,
Adams DH;
TRILUMINATE Pivotal Investigators</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">N Engl J Med</span>
2023 May 18;388(20):1833-1842.
Epub 2023 Mar 4
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2300525.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36876753" target="_blank">36876753</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34957757">Etiology, epidemiology, pathophysiology and management of tricuspid regurgitation: an overview.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Condello F,
Gitto M,
Stefanini GG</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Rev Cardiovasc Med</span>
2021 Dec 22;22(4):1115-1142.
doi: 10.31083/j.rcm2204122.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34957757" target="_blank">34957757</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31726069">Tricuspid annuloplasty with the Millipede ring.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rogers JH,
Boyd WD,
Bolling SF</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Prog Cardiovasc Dis</span>
2019 Nov-Dec;62(6):486-487.
Epub 2019 Nov 11
doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2019.11.008.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31726069" target="_blank">31726069</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Tricuspid%20regurgitation%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1585)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38069986">Bicaval TricValve Implantation in Patients With Severe Symptomatic Tricuspid Regurgitation: 1-Year Follow-Up Outcomes.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Blasco-Turrión S,
Briedis K,
Estévez-Loureiro R,
Sánchez-Recalde A,
Cruz-González I,
Pascual I,
Mascherbauer J,
Abdul-Jawad Altisent O,
Nombela-Franco L,
Pan M,
Trillo R,
Moreno R,
Delle Karth G,
Sánchez-Luna JP,
Gonzalez-Gutiérrez JC,
Revilla-Orodoea A,
Zamorano JL,
Gómez-Salvador I,
Puri R,
San Román JA,
Amat-Santos IJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JACC Cardiovasc Interv</span>
2024 Jan 8;17(1):60-72.
Epub 2023 Dec 6
doi: 10.1016/j.jcin.2023.10.043.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38069986" target="_blank">38069986</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37611990">Tricuspid Regurgitation Management for Heart Failure.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hahn RT,
Brener MI,
Cox ZL,
Pinney S,
Lindenfeld J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JACC Heart Fail</span>
2023 Aug;11(8 Pt 2):1084-1102.
doi: 10.1016/j.jchf.2023.07.020.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37611990" target="_blank">37611990</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34586392">TRI-SCORE: a new risk score for in-hospital mortality prediction after isolated tricuspid valve surgery.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Dreyfus J,
Audureau E,
Bohbot Y,
Coisne A,
Lavie-Badie Y,
Bouchery M,
Flagiello M,
Bazire B,
Eggenspieler F,
Viau F,
Riant E,
Mbaki Y,
Eyharts D,
Senage T,
Modine T,
Nicol M,
Doguet F,
Nguyen V,
Le Tourneau T,
Tribouilloy C,
Donal E,
Tomasi J,
Habib G,
Selton-Suty C,
Raffoul R,
Iung B,
Obadia JF,
Messika-Zeitoun D</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur Heart J</span>
2022 Feb 12;43(7):654-662.
doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab679.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34586392" target="_blank">34586392</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8843795" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33993700">Close Proximity of Leadless Pacemaker to Tricuspid Annulus Predicts Worse Tricuspid Regurgitation Following Septal Implantation.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hai JJ,
Mao Y,
Zhen Z,
Fang J,
Wong CK,
Siu CW,
Yiu KH,
Lau CP,
Tse HF</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol</span>
2021 May;14(5):e009530.
Epub 2021 May 17
doi: 10.1161/CIRCEP.120.009530.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33993700" target="_blank">33993700</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31708188">Transcatheter edge-to-edge repair for reduction of tricuspid regurgitation: 6-month outcomes of the TRILUMINATE single-arm study.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Nickenig G,
Weber M,
Lurz P,
von Bardeleben RS,
Sitges M,
Sorajja P,
Hausleiter J,
Denti P,
Trochu JN,
Näbauer M,
Dahou A,
Hahn RT</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Lancet</span>
2019 Nov 30;394(10213):2002-2011.
Epub 2019 Nov 7
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32600-5.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31708188" target="_blank">31708188</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Tricuspid%20regurgitation%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (2556)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36876753">Transcatheter Repair for Patients with Tricuspid Regurgitation.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sorajja P,
Whisenant B,
Hamid N,
Naik H,
Makkar R,
Tadros P,
Price MJ,
Singh G,
Fam N,
Kar S,
Schwartz JG,
Mehta S,
Bae R,
Sekaran N,
Warner T,
Makar M,
Zorn G,
Spinner EM,
Trusty PM,
Benza R,
Jorde U,
McCarthy P,
Thourani V,
Tang GHL,
Hahn RT,
Adams DH;
TRILUMINATE Pivotal Investigators</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">N Engl J Med</span>
2023 May 18;388(20):1833-1842.
Epub 2023 Mar 4
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2300525.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36876753" target="_blank">36876753</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33865761">Cardiac Imaging in Carcinoid Heart Disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Baron T,
Bergsten J,
Albåge A,
Lundin L,
Sörensen J,
Öberg K,
Flachskampf FA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JACC Cardiovasc Imaging</span>
2021 Nov;14(11):2240-2253.
Epub 2021 Apr 14
doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2020.12.030.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33865761" target="_blank">33865761</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30846124">3-Dimensional Echocardiography in Imaging the Tricuspid Valve.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Muraru D,
Hahn RT,
Soliman OI,
Faletra FF,
Basso C,
Badano LP</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JACC Cardiovasc Imaging</span>
2019 Mar;12(3):500-515.
doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2018.10.035.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30846124" target="_blank">30846124</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30846123">Morphologic Types of Tricuspid Regurgitation: Characteristics and Prognostic Implications.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Prihadi EA,
Delgado V,
Leon MB,
Enriquez-Sarano M,
Topilsky Y,
Bax JJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JACC Cardiovasc Imaging</span>
2019 Mar;12(3):491-499.
doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2018.09.027.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30846123" target="_blank">30846123</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30846122">Imaging Assessment of Tricuspid Regurgitation Severity.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hahn RT,
Thomas JD,
Khalique OK,
Cavalcante JL,
Praz F,
Zoghbi WA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JACC Cardiovasc Imaging</span>
2019 Mar;12(3):469-490.
doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2018.07.033.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30846122" target="_blank">30846122</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Tricuspid%20regurgitation%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (2111)</a></div></div>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36803532">Tricuspid repair in mitral regurgitation surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cardoso JL,
Ferraz Costa GN,
Neves F,
Gonçalves L,
Teixeira R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Cardiothorac Surg</span>
2023 Feb 17;18(1):76.
doi: 10.1186/s13019-023-02158-9.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36803532" target="_blank">36803532</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9938557" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35791706">Transcatheter Tricuspid Valve Replacement for Tricuspid Regurgitation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Buğan B,
Çekirdekçi Eİ,
Onar LÇ,
Barçın C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Anatol J Cardiol</span>
2022 Jul;26(7):505-519.
doi: 10.5152/AnatolJCardiol.2022.1440.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35791706" target="_blank">35791706</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9318347" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34551208">Right ventricular dysfunction and tricuspid regurgitation in functional mitral regurgitation.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Truong VT,
Ngo TNM,
Mazur J,
Nguyen HTM,
Pham TTM,
Palmer C,
Pham KNP,
Phan HT,
Lee KS,
Bannehr M,
Butter C,
Gyoten T,
Chung ES</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">ESC Heart Fail</span>
2021 Dec;8(6):4988-4996.
Epub 2021 Sep 22
doi: 10.1002/ehf2.13558.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34551208" target="_blank">34551208</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8712790" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34081789">Tricuspid regurgitation associated with implantable electrical device insertion: A systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Tatum R,
Maynes EJ,
Wood CT,
Deb AK,
Austin MA,
O'Malley TJ,
Choi JH,
Massey HT,
Morris RJ,
Pavri BB,
Tchantchaleishvili V</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pacing Clin Electrophysiol</span>
2021 Aug;44(8):1297-1302.
Epub 2021 Jul 1
doi: 10.1111/pace.14287.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34081789" target="_blank">34081789</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28495379">Transthoracic Echocardiography for Diagnosing Pulmonary Embolism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Fields JM,
Davis J,
Girson L,
Au A,
Potts J,
Morgan CJ,
Vetter I,
Riesenberg LA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Am Soc Echocardiogr</span>
2017 Jul;30(7):714-723.e4.
Epub 2017 May 9
doi: 10.1016/j.echo.2017.03.004.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28495379" target="_blank">28495379</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Tricuspid%20regurgitation%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (69)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0040961%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (2)</a></li>
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