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<meta name="keywords" content="C0242584, autoimmune thrombocytopenia, disease or syndrome, idiopathic thrombocytopenia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, immune thrombocytopenia, primary itp (immune thrombocytopenia), thrombocytopenia, autoimmune, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="The presence of thrombocytopenia in combination with detection of antiplatelet antibodies." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<!--
UID=116621
ConceptID=C0242584
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Autoimmune thrombocytopenia</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>116621</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0242584</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonym:</td>
<td>Thrombocytopenia, autoimmune</td></tr>
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
<td>Autoimmune thrombocytopenia (128091003); Primary ITP (immune thrombocytopenia) (128091003)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td><a class="help" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#target-gene-related">Related gene:<img src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a><div id="target-gene-related" class="display-none">
Gene(s) associated with related conditions. For conditions<br />
in a hierarchy, the parent condition will list the genes<br />
associated with the children conditions.</div></td>
<td><a target="_blank" href="/gene/6774">STAT3</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001973">HP:0001973</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0019098" target="_blank">MONDO:0019098</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Orphanet:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Orphanet: The portal for rare diseases and orphan drugs" href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&amp;Expert=71203">ORPHA71203</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="rprt-body jig-ncbiinpagenav" data-jigconfig="smoothScroll: false, gotoTopLink: true, gotoTopLinkText: '', gotoTopLinkAttrs: {'title': 'Go to the top of the page'},allHeadingLevels: ['h1'], topOfPageTOC: true, tocId: 'my-toc'"><div id="rprt-tabs-1" class="rprt-tab"><div id="tb-termsProp-1"><div class="leftCol mgCol"><div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">The presence of thrombocytopenia in combination with detection of antiplatelet antibodies. [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li><li><a href="#tabORDO">Orphanet</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0242584[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=116621">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=116621" ref="ncbi_uid=116621">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline">Autoimmune thrombocytopenia</span><ul><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0398650[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=584986">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=584986" target="_blank" href="/omim/188030">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=584986" ref="ncbi_uid=584986">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/584986" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=584986&amp;link_uid=584986" title="View MedGen record for 'Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura'">Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/75773" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=75773&amp;link_uid=75773" title="View MedGen record for 'Evans syndrome'">Evans syndrome</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C4014795[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=863232">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=863232" target="_blank" href="/omim/102582">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=863232" ref="ncbi_uid=863232">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/863232" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=863232&amp;link_uid=863232" title="View MedGen record for 'STAT3-related early-onset multisystem autoimmune disease'">STAT3-related early-onset multisystem autoimmune disease</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867443" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Phenotypic abnormality">Phenotypic abnormality</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867388" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the immune system">Abnormality of the immune system</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869194" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of immune system physiology">Abnormality of immune system physiology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/2136" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Autoimmunity">Autoimmunity</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Autoimmune thrombocytopenia</span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/584986" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura">Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/75773" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Evans syndrome">Evans syndrome</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/863232" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for STAT3-related early-onset multisystem autoimmune disease">STAT3-related early-onset multisystem autoimmune disease</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div id="tabORDO">Follow <a target="_blank" href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/Disease_Classif.php?lng=EN&amp;data_id=156&amp;PatId=10981&amp;search=Disease_Classif_Simple&amp;new=1" class="ital bold">this link</a> to review classifications for <span class="ital">Autoimmune thrombocytopenia</span> in Orphanet.</div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_44131"><div><strong>Galactosylceramide beta-galactosidase deficiency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>44131</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0023521</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Krabbe disease comprises a spectrum ranging from infantile-onset disease (i.e., onset of extreme irritability, spasticity, and developmental delay before age 12 months) to later-onset disease (i.e., onset of manifestations after age 12 months and as late as the seventh decade). Although historically 85%-90% of symptomatic individuals with Krabbe disease diagnosed by enzyme activity alone have infantile-onset Krabbe disease and 10%-15% have later-onset Krabbe disease, the experience with newborn screening (NBS) suggests that the proportion of individuals with possible later-onset Krabbe disease is higher than previously thought. Infantile-onset Krabbe disease is characterized by normal development in the first few months followed by rapid severe neurologic deterioration; the average age of death is 24 months (range 8 months to 9 years). Later-onset Krabbe disease is much more variable in its presentation and disease course.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/44131">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_75653"><div><strong>Purine-nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>75653</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0268125</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive immunodeficiency disorder characterized mainly by decreased T-cell function. Some patients also have neurologic impairment (review by Aust et al., 1992).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/75653">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_83339"><div><strong>Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus secretory diarrhea syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>83339</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0342288</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">IPEX (immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked) syndrome is characterized by systemic autoimmunity, typically beginning in the first year of life, which includes the triad of enteropathy (manifesting as malabsorption and watery diarrhea), endocrinopathy (most commonly type 1 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus), and eczematous dermatitis. In addition to these manifestations, many children have other autoimmune phenomena including cytopenias, autoimmune hepatitis, nephropathy, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, alopecia, arthritis, and interstitial lung disease related to immune dysregulation. Fetal presentation of IPEX syndrome includes hydrops, echogenic bowel, skin desquamation, intrauterine growth deficiency, and fetal akinesia. Without aggressive immunosuppression or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), the majority of affected males will die within the first one to two years of life from metabolic derangements, severe malabsorption, or sepsis. Individuals with a milder phenotype have survived into the second or third decade of life, but this is uncommon.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/83339">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_162897"><div><strong>Kabuki syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>162897</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0796004</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Kabuki syndrome (KS) is characterized by typical facial features (long palpebral fissures with eversion of the lateral third of the lower eyelid; arched and broad eyebrows; short columella with depressed nasal tip; large, prominent, or cupped ears), minor skeletal anomalies, persistence of fetal fingertip pads, mild-to-moderate intellectual disability, and postnatal growth deficiency. Other findings may include: congenital heart defects, genitourinary anomalies, cleft lip and/or palate, gastrointestinal anomalies including anal atresia, ptosis and strabismus, and widely spaced teeth and hypodontia. Functional differences can include: increased susceptibility to infections and autoimmune disorders, seizures, endocrinologic abnormalities (including isolated premature thelarche in females), feeding problems, and hearing loss.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/162897">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_231300"><div><strong>Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome type 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>231300</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1328840</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS), caused by defective lymphocyte homeostasis, is characterized by the following: Non-malignant lymphoproliferation (lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly with or without hypersplenism) that often improves with age. Autoimmune disease, mostly directed toward blood cells. Lifelong increased risk for both Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. In ALPS-FAS (the most common and best-characterized type of ALPS, associated with heterozygous germline pathogenic variants in FAS), non-malignant lymphoproliferation typically manifests in the first years of life, inexplicably waxes and wanes, and then often decreases without treatment in the second decade of life; in many affected individuals, however, neither splenomegaly nor the overall expansion of lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood decreases. Although autoimmunity is often not present at the time of diagnosis or at the time of the most extensive lymphoproliferation, autoantibodies can be detected before autoimmune disease manifests clinically. In ALPS-FAS caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous (biallelic) pathogenic variants in FAS, severe lymphoproliferation occurs before, at, or shortly after birth, and usually results in death at an early age. ALPS-sFAS, resulting from somatic FAS pathogenic variants in selected cell populations, notably the alpha/beta double-negative T cells (a/ß-DNT cells), appears to be similar to ALPS-FAS resulting from heterozygous germline pathogenic variants in FAS, although lower incidence of splenectomy and lower lymphocyte counts have been reported in ALPS-sFAS and no cases of lymphoma have yet been published.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/231300">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_318617"><div><strong>Cervical ribs, Sprengel anomaly, anal atresia, and urethral obstruction</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>318617</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1832391</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/318617">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_330847"><div><strong>Hyper-IgM syndrome type 4</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>330847</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1842413</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hyper-IgM syndrome is a condition characterized by normal or increased serum IgM concentrations associated with low or absent serum IgG, IgA, and IgE concentrations, indicating a defect in the class-switch recombination (CSR) process (summary by Imai et al., 2003).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of immunodeficiency with hyper-IgM, see HIGM1 (308230).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/330847">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_375009"><div><strong>Spondyloenchondrodysplasia with immune dysregulation</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>375009</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1842763</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Spondyloenchondrodysplasia with immune dysregulation (SPENCDI) is an immunoosseous dysplasia combining the typical metaphyseal and vertebral bone lesions of spondyloenchondrodysplasia (SPENCD) with immune dysfunction and neurologic involvement. The skeletal dysplasia is characterized by radiolucent and irregular spondylar and metaphyseal lesions that represent islands of chondroid tissue within bone. The vertebral bodies show dorsally accentuated platyspondyly with disturbance of ossification. Clinical abnormalities such as short stature, rhizomelic micromelia, increased lumbar lordosis, barrel chest, facial anomalies, and clumsy movements may be present (Menger et al., 1989). Central nervous system involvement includes spasticity, mental retardation, and cerebral calcifications, and immune dysregulation ranges from autoimmunity to immunodeficiency. Neurologic and autoimmune manifestations have been observed in different combinations within a single family, suggesting that this disorder may be defined by specific radiographic features but has remarkably pleiotropic manifestations (Renella et al., 2006). Briggs et al. (2016) also noted variability in skeletal, neurologic, and immune phenotypes, which was sometimes marked between members of the same family.&#13; Classification of the Enchondromatoses&#13; In their classification of the enchondromatoses, Spranger et al. (1978) called Ollier disease and Maffucci syndrome types I and II enchondromatosis, respectively; metachondromatosis (156250), type III; and spondyloenchondrodysplasia (SPENCD), also called spondyloenchondromatosis, type IV; enchondromatosis with irregular vertebral lesions, type V; and generalized enchondromatosis, type VI. Halal and Azouz (1991) added 3 tentative categories to the 6 in the classification of Spranger et al. (1978).&#13; Pansuriya et al. (2010) suggested a new classification of enchondromatosis (multiple enchondromas).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/375009">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_349065"><div><strong>Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome type 2A</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>349065</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1858968</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS), caused by defective lymphocyte homeostasis, is characterized by the following: Non-malignant lymphoproliferation (lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly with or without hypersplenism) that often improves with age. Autoimmune disease, mostly directed toward blood cells. Lifelong increased risk for both Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. In ALPS-FAS (the most common and best-characterized type of ALPS, associated with heterozygous germline pathogenic variants in FAS), non-malignant lymphoproliferation typically manifests in the first years of life, inexplicably waxes and wanes, and then often decreases without treatment in the second decade of life; in many affected individuals, however, neither splenomegaly nor the overall expansion of lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood decreases. Although autoimmunity is often not present at the time of diagnosis or at the time of the most extensive lymphoproliferation, autoantibodies can be detected before autoimmune disease manifests clinically. In ALPS-FAS caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous (biallelic) pathogenic variants in FAS, severe lymphoproliferation occurs before, at, or shortly after birth, and usually results in death at an early age. ALPS-sFAS, resulting from somatic FAS pathogenic variants in selected cell populations, notably the alpha/beta double-negative T cells (a/ß-DNT cells), appears to be similar to ALPS-FAS resulting from heterozygous germline pathogenic variants in FAS, although lower incidence of splenectomy and lower lymphocyte counts have been reported in ALPS-sFAS and no cases of lymphoma have yet been published.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/349065">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_354935"><div><strong>Severe combined immunodeficiency, autosomal recessive, T cell-negative, B cell-negative, NK cell-negative, due to adenosine deaminase deficiency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>354935</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C1863236</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency is a systemic purine metabolic disorder that primarily affects lymphocyte development, viability, and function. The ADA deficiency phenotypic spectrum includes typical early-onset severe combined immunodeficiency (ADA-SCID), diagnosed in infancy (about 80% of individuals), and less severe "delayed" or "late-onset" combined immunodeficiency (ADA-CID), diagnosed in older children and adults (15%-20% of individuals). Some healthy individuals who are deficient in red blood cell ADA (termed "partial ADA deficiency") have been discovered by screening populations or relatives of individuals with ADA-SCID. Newborn screening (NBS) for SCID uses extracts from Guthrie card dried blood spots to measure T-cell receptor excision circle (TREC) DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Screening specific for ADA deficiency can also be performed by detection of elevated levels of adenosine (Ado) and deoxyadenosine (dAdo) by tandem mass spectrometry (TMS). Both techniques can identify ADA-SCID before affected infants become symptomatic. Untreated ADA-SCID presents as life-threatening opportunistic illnesses in the first weeks to months of life with poor linear growth and weight gain secondary to persistent diarrhea, extensive dermatitis, and recurrent pneumonia. Skeletal abnormalities affecting ribs and vertebra, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, hemolytic anemia, neurologic abnormalities, and transaminitis may also suggest untreated ADA-SCID. Characteristic immune abnormalities are lymphocytopenia (low numbers of T, B, and NK cells) combined with the absence of both humoral and cellular immune function. If immune function is not restored with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), gene therapy, or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), children with ADA-SCID rarely survive beyond age one to two years. NBS for SCID does not identify individuals with the ADA-CID phenotype whose TREC numbers are above the threshold values of most screening laboratories. However, ADA-CID is identified by TMS NBS since the ADA substrates Ado and dAdo are increased. As TMS NBS for Ado/dAdo is not yet widely performed, individuals with ADA-CID are more often clinically diagnosed between ages one and ten years ("delayed" onset), or less often in the second to fourth decades ("late"/"adult" onset). Because the immunologic abnormalities are less pronounced than those of ADA-SCID, infections in ADA-CID may not be life-threatening and include recurrent otitis media, sinusitis, upper respiratory infections, and human papilloma viral infections. Untreated individuals with ADA-CID can develop over time chronic pulmonary disease, autoimmunity, atopic disease with elevated immunoglobulin E, and malignancy.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/354935">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_355764"><div><strong>Spastic paraplegia and Evans syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>355764</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1866619</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/355764">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_382434"><div><strong>Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome type 4</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>382434</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2674723</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">RAS-associated leukoproliferative disorder (RALD) is characterized by lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and variable autoimmune phenomena, including autoimmune hemolytic anemia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, and neutropenia. Laboratory studies show an expansion of lymphocytes due to defective apoptosis, as well as significant autoantibodies. Some patients have recurrent infections, and there may be an increased risk of hematologic malignancy (summary by Oliveira, 2013 and Niemela et al., 2010).&#13; The disorder shows significant overlap with autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS; 601859) and was originally designated ALPS IV.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/382434">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_440575"><div><strong>Combined immunodeficiency due to STIM1 deficiency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>440575</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2748557</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Immunodeficiency-10 (IMD10) is an autosomal recessive primary immunodeficiency characterized by onset of recurrent infections in childhood due to defective T- and NK-cell function, although the severity is variable. Affected individuals may also have hypotonia, hypohidrosis, or dental enamel hypoplasia consistent with amelogenesis imperfecta (summary by Parry et al., 2016).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/440575">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_419641"><div><strong>Familial antiphospholipid syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>419641</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2930802</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The designation 'antiphospholipid syndrome' was proposed for the association of arterial and venous thrombosis, recurrent fetal loss, and immune thrombocytopenia with a spectrum of autoantibodies directed against cellular phospholipid components. Anticardiolipin antibodies may react with cardiolipin and with other negatively charged phospholipids, including beta-2-glycoprotein I (B2GPI, APOH; 138700). The term 'lupus anticoagulant' refers to a heterogeneous group of antibodies, most commonly of the IgG type, that are detected by their inhibitory effect on coagulant-active phospholipid components of in vitro coagulation tests (summary by Matthey et al., 1989).&#13; Shoenfeld et al. (2008) noted that antiphospholipid syndrome is characterized by up to 30 different autoantibodies, including those against platelets, glycoproteins, coagulation factors, lamins, mitochondrial antigens, and cell surface markers. Some of these may have an additive effect on the prothrombotic tendency of the syndrome.&#13; Ruiz-Irastorza et al. (2010) reviewed pathophysiologic, clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic advances related to the antiphospholipid syndrome.&#13; Various autoimmune disorders that cluster in families, including autoimmune thrombocytopenia (188030), are discussed elsewhere (e.g., 109100, 269200).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/419641">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_462091"><div><strong>Immunodeficiency, common variable, 6</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>462091</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3150741</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Any common variable immunodeficiency in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the CD81 gene.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/462091">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_477076"><div><strong>X-linked immunodeficiency with magnesium defect, Epstein-Barr virus infection and neoplasia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>477076</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3275445</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">XMEN is an X-linked recessive immunodeficiency characterized by CD4 (186940) lymphopenia, severe chronic viral infections, and defective T-lymphocyte activation (Li et al., 2011). Affected individuals have chronic Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and are susceptible to the development of EBV-associated B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. Magnesium supplementation may be therapeutic (summary by Li et al., 2014).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/477076">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_765548"><div><strong>Lymphoproliferative syndrome 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>765548</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3552634</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Lymphoproliferative syndrome-1 is an autosomal recessive primary immunodeficiency characterized by onset in early childhood of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated immune dysregulation, manifest as lymphoma, lymphomatoid granulomatosis, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, Hodgkin disease, and/or hypogammaglobulinemia. Autoimmune disorders, such as autoimmune hemolytic anemia or renal disease, may also occur. Patients show a high EBV viral load and decreased invariant natural killer T cells. It is unknown whether patients with ITK mutations are intrinsically susceptible to development of lymphoma or dysgammaglobulinemia in the absence of EBV infection (summary by Stepensky et al., 2011; Linka et al., 2012).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of lymphoproliferative syndrome, see XLP1 (308240).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/765548">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_766426"><div><strong>Combined immunodeficiency due to LRBA deficiency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>766426</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3553512</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Common variable immunodeficiency-8 with autoimmunity is an autosomal recessive disorder of immune dysregulation. Affected individuals have early childhood onset of recurrent infections, particularly respiratory infections, and also develop variable autoimmune disorders, including idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and inflammatory bowel disease. The presentation and phenotype are highly variable, even within families (summary by Lopez-Herrera et al., 2012 and Alangari et al., 2012). Immunologic findings are also variable and may include decreased B cells, hypogammaglobulinemia, and deficiency of CD4+ T regulatory (Treg) cells (Charbonnier et al., 2015).&#13; For a general description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of common variable immunodeficiency, see CVID1 (607594).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/766426">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_816258"><div><strong>Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, type III caused by mutation in PRKCD</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>816258</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3809928</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome type III is an autosomal recessive disorder of immune dysregulation. The phenotype is variable, but most patients have significant lymphadenopathy associated with variable autoimmune manifestations. Some patients may have recurrent infections. Lymphocyte accumulation results from a combination of impaired apoptosis and excessive proliferation (summary by Oliveira, 2013).&#13; For a general description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of ALPS, see 601859.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/816258">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_863232"><div><strong>STAT3-related early-onset multisystem autoimmune disease</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>863232</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4014795</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Infantile-onset multisystem autoimmune disease-1 is characterized by early childhood onset of a spectrum of autoimmune disorders affecting multiple organs. Common manifestations include insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and autoimmune enteropathy, or celiac disease, and autoimmune hematologic disorders. Other features include short stature and nonspecific dermatitis. More variable features include hypothyroidism, autoimmune arthritis, and delayed puberty. Some patients may show recurrent infections. The disorder results from an inborn error of cytokine signaling (summary by Flanagan et al., 2014 and Milner et al., 2015).&#13; Genetic Heterogeneity of Infantile-Onset Multisystem Autoimmune Disease&#13; See also ADMIO2 (617006), caused by mutation in the ZAP70 gene (176947) on chromosome 2q12, and ADMIO3 (620430), caused by mutation in the CBLB gene (604491) on chromosome 3q13.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/863232">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_863651"><div><strong>Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome due to CTLA4 haploinsufficiency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>863651</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4015214</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Immune dysregulation with autoimmunity, immunodeficiency, and lymphoproliferation (IDAIL) is an autosomal dominant complex immune disorder with highly variable presentation and clinical manifestations. Prominent features include recurrent infections often associated with hypogammaglobulinemia, autoimmune features such as autoimmune cytopenias, and abnormal lymphocytic infiltration of nonlymphoid organs, including the lungs, brain, and gastrointestinal tract, resulting in enteropathy. Laboratory studies often show lymphopenia and abnormal T and B cell subsets. The variable features are a result of impaired function of Treg cells, which play a role in immune homeostasis (summary by Kuehn et al., 2014; Schwab et al., 2018, and Lopez-Nevado et al., 2021).&#13; The disorder shows overlapping features with autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS); for a general description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of ALPS, see 601859.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/863651">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1384124"><div><strong>Severe combined immunodeficiency due to LAT deficiency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1384124</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4479588</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">IMD52 is an autosomal recessive primary immunodeficiency with variable manifestations, including severe combined immunodeficiency, hematologic autoimmune disorders, progressive lymphopenia and hypogammaglobulinemia, and lymphoproliferation with splenomegaly. Patients develop severe recurrent infections from infancy, and most die without bone marrow transplantation. The variable clinical features result from a defect in T-cell receptor signaling (summary by Keller et al., 2016 and Bacchelli et al., 2017).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1384124">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1673905"><div><strong>Immunodeficiency 62</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1673905</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5193109</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Immunodeficiency-62 (IMD62) is an autosomal recessive primary immunologic disorder clinically characterized by onset of recurrent upper and lower respiratory infections late in the first decade of life. Patients may also have increased viral susceptibility to varicella zoster virus (VZV) or herpes simplex virus (HSV). Laboratory studies show impaired antibody response to vaccination, low levels of circulating memory B cells, and almost undetectable antibodies. There is also evidence of secondary T-cell dysfunction. The disorder may result from disturbed actin cytoskeleton dynamics causing impaired lymphocyte migration (summary by Bouafia et al., 2019).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1673905">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1684716"><div><strong>Immunodeficiency 64</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1684716</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5231402</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Immunodeficiency-64 with lymphoproliferation (IMD64) is an autosomal recessive primary immunodeficiency characterized by onset of recurrent bacterial, viral, and fungal infections in early childhood. Laboratory studies show variably decreased numbers of T cells, with lesser deficiencies of B and NK cells. There is impaired T-cell proliferation and activation; functional defects in B cells and NK cells may also be observed. Patients have increased susceptibility to EBV infection and may develop lymphoproliferation or EBV-associated lymphoma. Some patients may develop features of autoimmunity (summary by Salzer et al., 2016, Mao et al., 2018, and Winter et al., 2018).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1684716">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1785772"><div><strong>Immunodeficiency 78 with autoimmunity and developmental delay</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1785772</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5543159</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Immunodeficiency-78 with autoimmunity and developmental delay (IMD78) is an autosomal recessive systemic disorder characterized by onset of symptoms in early childhood. Affected individuals present with features of immune deficiency, such as recurrent sinopulmonary or skin infections, as well as autoimmunity, including autoimmune cytopenias, hemolytic anemia, and thrombocytopenia. Autoimmune hepatitis or thyroid disease and central nervous system vasculitis with stroke may also occur. There is increased susceptibility to bacterial, viral, and fungal infections. Laboratory studies show lymphopenia with advanced differentiation and premature senescence of CD8+ T cells and B cells; some patients may have hypergammaglobulinemia. The findings indicate immune dysregulation. Patients also have global developmental delay with speech delay and variable intellectual disability. Many patients die prematurely, but successful hematopoietic bone marrow transplant may be curative (summary by Lu et al., 2014 and Atallah et al., 2021).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1785772">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1784363"><div><strong>Autoinflammatory syndrome with immunodeficiency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1784363</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5543547</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Familial autoinflammatory syndrome with or without immunodeficiency (AISIMD) is characterized by onset of various autoimmune features usually in the first decades of life, although later onset has been reported. Typical features include autoimmune cytopenia, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and lymphadenopathy. More variable features may include autoimmune thyroiditis, psoriasis or eczema, nephritis, hepatitis, and symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE; see 152700). Some patients may have recurrent infections or exacerbation of the disease with acute infection. Laboratory studies show variable findings, often decreased numbers of naive B cells, lymphopenia with skewed subsets, hypogammaglobulinemia, presence of autoantibodies, and a hyperinflammatory state. The disorder shows autosomal dominant inheritance with incomplete penetrance (summary by Hadjadj et al., 2020).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1784363">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1804329"><div><strong>Systemic lupus erythematosus 17</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1804329</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5676884</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Systemic lupus erythematosus-17 (SLEB17) is an X-linked dominant autoimmune disorder characterized by onset of systemic autoinflammatory symptoms in the first decades of life. Only affected females have been reported. Features may include classic features of SLE, such as malar rash and arthralgias, or can include less common entities such as hemiplegia and neuromyelitis optica (NMO). Laboratory studies show the presence of autoantibodies and enhanced NFKB (164011) signaling, the latter being consistent with a gain-of-function effect (Brown et al., 2022).&#13; For a phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), see 152700.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1804329">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1812534"><div><strong>Immunodeficiency 102</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1812534</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5676886</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Immunodeficiency-102 (IMD102) is an X-linked recessive immunologic disorder characterized by the onset of recurrent sinopulmonary, mucosal, and other infections in early childhood, usually accompanied by refractory autoimmune cytopenias. Affected individuals have bacterial, viral, and fungal infections, as well as hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, lymphopenia, and decreased NK cells. Laboratory studies show defective T-cell proliferation and function, likely due to signaling abnormalities. The disorder may also manifest as a hyperinflammatory state with immune dysregulation (Delmonte et al., 2021).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1812534">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1801342"><div><strong>Immunodeficiency 99 with hypogammaglobulinemia and autoimmune cytopenias</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1801342</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5676971</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Immunodeficiency-99 with hypogammaglobulinemia and autoimmune cytopenias (IMD99) is an autosomal recessive immunologic disorder characterized by the onset of recurrent sinopulmonary infections in early childhood. Laboratory studies reveal hypogammaglobulinemia with decreased memory B cells that show impaired class-switch recombination (CSR) and decreased somatic hypermutation (SHM). Due to abnormal antibody production and impaired self-tolerance, patients may develop autoimmune cytopenias, such as thrombocytopenia, or autoimmune features, such as vitiligo. There are also defects in the T-cell compartment (Kuhny et al., 2020).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1801342">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1809227"><div><strong>Chromosome Xq13 duplication syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1809227</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5677057</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1809227">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1840213"><div><strong>Autoinflammatory disease, multisystem, with immune dysregulation, X-linked</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1840213</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5829577</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">X-linked multisystem autoinflammatory disease with immune dysregulation (ADMIDX) is an X-linked recessive disorder with onset of symptoms in infancy or early childhood. Affected individuals may present with variable cytopenias, including anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, lymphopenia, or hypogammaglobulinemia, and systemic or organ-specific autoinflammatory manifestations. These include skin lesions, panniculitis, inflammatory bowel disease, pulmonary disease, or arthritis associated with recurrent fever, leukocytosis, lymphoproliferation, and hepatosplenomegaly in the absence of an infectious agent. Some patients have circulating autoantibodies that underlie the cytopenias or systemic features, whereas others do not have circulating autoantibodies. In addition, some patients have recurrent infections, whereas others do not show signs of an immunodeficiency. Laboratory studies are consistent with immune dysregulation, including altered B-cell subsets and variably elevated proinflammatory cytokines. Detailed functional studies of platelets, red cells, and T lymphocytes suggest that abnormal actin cytoskeleton remodeling is a basic defect, indicating that this disorder can be classified as an immune-related actinopathy. Severe complications of the disease may result in death in childhood (Boussard et al., 2023; Block et al., 2023).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1840213">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1851770"><div><strong>Immunodeficiency 113 with autoimmunity and autoinflammation</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1851770</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5882711</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Immunodeficiency-113 with autoimmunity and autoinflammation (IMD113) is an autosomal recessive complex immunologic disorder with onset of symptoms in infancy. Affected individuals have recurrent infections and usually show features of autoimmunity and autoinflammation, such as hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, leukocytosis, neutrophilia, and elevated acute phase reactants. More variable systemic features may include celiac disease or enteropathy, ileus, nephropathy, eczema, and dermatomyositis. Additional features include facial dysmorphism, scoliosis, and poor wound healing. One patient with neurodevelopmental abnormalities has been reported. The disorder results from dysregulation of the actin cytoskeleton that affects certain cell lineages (Nunes-Santos et al., 2023).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1851770">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_330847" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hyper-IgM syndrome type 4</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1812534" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Immunodeficiency 102</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1684716" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Immunodeficiency 64</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1785772" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Immunodeficiency 78 with autoimmunity and developmental delay</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1801342" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Immunodeficiency 99 with hypogammaglobulinemia and autoimmune cytopenias</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_462091" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Immunodeficiency, common variable, 6</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_83339" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus secretory diarrhea syndrome</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_75653" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Purine-nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_355764" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spastic paraplegia and Evans syndrome</a></div>
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</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/10370850">Review of autoimmune thrombocytopenia: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management in pregnancy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Johnson JR,
Samuels P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Obstet Gynecol</span>
1999 Jun;42(2):317-26.
doi: 10.1097/00003081-199906000-00016.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/10370850" target="_blank">10370850</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/1551002">Use of Rh antibodies in the treatment of autoimmune thrombocytopenia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Salama A,
Mueller-Eckhardt C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Transfus Med Rev</span>
1992 Jan;6(1):17-25.
doi: 10.1016/s0887-7963(92)70152-7.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/1551002" target="_blank">1551002</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/980011">Vincristine for treatment of refractory autoimmune thrombocytopenia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ries CA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">N Engl J Med</span>
1976 Nov 11;295(20):1136.
doi: 10.1056/NEJM197611112952014.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/980011" target="_blank">980011</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22autoimmune%20thrombocytopenia%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (40)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38139349">The Interplay between Helicobacter pylori and Gut Microbiota in Non-Gastrointestinal Disorders: A Special Focus on Atherosclerosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Candelli M,
Franza L,
Cianci R,
Pignataro G,
Merra G,
Piccioni A,
Ojetti V,
Gasbarrini A,
Franceschi F</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int J Mol Sci</span>
2023 Dec 15;24(24)
doi: 10.3390/ijms242417520.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38139349" target="_blank">38139349</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10744166" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35773506">Immune-Mediated Neonatal Thrombocytopenia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Batton E,
Leibel SL</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neoreviews</span>
2022 Jul 1;23(7):e462-e471.
doi: 10.1542/neo.23-7-e462.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35773506" target="_blank">35773506</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34596718">The presence of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and incidence of acute non-ST elevation myocardial infarction.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Davis M,
Movahed MR,
Hashemzadeh M,
Hashemzadeh M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Ann Hematol</span>
2022 Jan;101(1):21-26.
Epub 2021 Oct 1
doi: 10.1007/s00277-021-04668-9.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34596718" target="_blank">34596718</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23546707">Lupus anticoagulant testing.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Moffat K,
Raby A,
Crowther M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Methods Mol Biol</span>
2013;992:97-108.
doi: 10.1007/978-1-62703-339-8_7.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23546707" target="_blank">23546707</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/19408192">MYH9-related platelet disorders.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Althaus K,
Greinacher A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Semin Thromb Hemost</span>
2009 Mar;35(2):189-203.
Epub 2009 Apr 30
doi: 10.1055/s-0029-1220327.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/19408192" target="_blank">19408192</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Autoimmune%20thrombocytopenia%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (169)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35773506">Immune-Mediated Neonatal Thrombocytopenia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Batton E,
Leibel SL</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neoreviews</span>
2022 Jul 1;23(7):e462-e471.
doi: 10.1542/neo.23-7-e462.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35773506" target="_blank">35773506</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/19408192">MYH9-related platelet disorders.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Althaus K,
Greinacher A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Semin Thromb Hemost</span>
2009 Mar;35(2):189-203.
Epub 2009 Apr 30
doi: 10.1055/s-0029-1220327.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/19408192" target="_blank">19408192</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/16102043">Autoimmune thrombocytopenia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Chong BH,
Ho SJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Thromb Haemost</span>
2005 Aug;3(8):1763-72.
doi: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2005.01376.x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/16102043" target="_blank">16102043</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/10370850">Review of autoimmune thrombocytopenia: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management in pregnancy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Johnson JR,
Samuels P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Obstet Gynecol</span>
1999 Jun;42(2):317-26.
doi: 10.1097/00003081-199906000-00016.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/10370850" target="_blank">10370850</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/3499888">Lupoid thrombocytopenia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Firkin BG,
Buchanan RR,
Pfueller S,
Ryan P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Aust N Z J Med</span>
1987 Jun;17(3):295-300.
doi: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.1987.tb01230.x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/3499888" target="_blank">3499888</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Autoimmune%20thrombocytopenia%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (182)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36669360">Daratumumab as a novel treatment option in refractory ITP.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Vernava I,
Schmitt CA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Blood Cells Mol Dis</span>
2023 Mar;99:102724.
Epub 2023 Jan 13
doi: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2023.102724.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36669360" target="_blank">36669360</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35773506">Immune-Mediated Neonatal Thrombocytopenia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Batton E,
Leibel SL</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neoreviews</span>
2022 Jul 1;23(7):e462-e471.
doi: 10.1542/neo.23-7-e462.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35773506" target="_blank">35773506</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/20425532">Use of rituximab in the antiphospholipid syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kumar D,
Roubey RA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Rheumatol Rep</span>
2010 Feb;12(1):40-4.
doi: 10.1007/s11926-009-0074-5.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/20425532" target="_blank">20425532</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/16102043">Autoimmune thrombocytopenia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Chong BH,
Ho SJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Thromb Haemost</span>
2005 Aug;3(8):1763-72.
doi: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2005.01376.x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/16102043" target="_blank">16102043</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/7030101">Immune thrombocytopenia in children.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Karpatkin M,
Karpatkin S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol</span>
1981 Summer;3(2):213-9.
doi: 10.1097/00043426-198100320-00018.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/7030101" target="_blank">7030101</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Autoimmune%20thrombocytopenia%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (239)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36669360">Daratumumab as a novel treatment option in refractory ITP.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Vernava I,
Schmitt CA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Blood Cells Mol Dis</span>
2023 Mar;99:102724.
Epub 2023 Jan 13
doi: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2023.102724.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36669360" target="_blank">36669360</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34596718">The presence of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and incidence of acute non-ST elevation myocardial infarction.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Davis M,
Movahed MR,
Hashemzadeh M,
Hashemzadeh M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Ann Hematol</span>
2022 Jan;101(1):21-26.
Epub 2021 Oct 1
doi: 10.1007/s00277-021-04668-9.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34596718" target="_blank">34596718</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34188012">Roxithromycin-Associated Acute Thrombocytopenia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rossi M,
Capecchi M,
Lazzerini PE</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Case Rep</span>
2021 Jun 30;22:e932039.
doi: 10.12659/AJCR.932039.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34188012" target="_blank">34188012</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8255079" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33162482">Two Cases of Autoimmune Neutropenia Complicated with Other Lineages of Autoimmune Cytopenia, Successfully Treated with Prednisolone.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Adachi Y,
Yamazoe-Ishiguri Y,
Iwata S,
Murase A,
Kihara R,
Watamoto K</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Intern Med</span>
2021 Apr 15;60(8):1271-1277.
Epub 2020 Nov 9
doi: 10.2169/internalmedicine.6032-20.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33162482" target="_blank">33162482</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8112969" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/7030101">Immune thrombocytopenia in children.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Karpatkin M,
Karpatkin S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol</span>
1981 Summer;3(2):213-9.
doi: 10.1097/00043426-198100320-00018.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/7030101" target="_blank">7030101</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Autoimmune%20thrombocytopenia%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (97)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36669360">Daratumumab as a novel treatment option in refractory ITP.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Vernava I,
Schmitt CA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Blood Cells Mol Dis</span>
2023 Mar;99:102724.
Epub 2023 Jan 13
doi: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2023.102724.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36669360" target="_blank">36669360</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34188012">Roxithromycin-Associated Acute Thrombocytopenia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rossi M,
Capecchi M,
Lazzerini PE</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Case Rep</span>
2021 Jun 30;22:e932039.
doi: 10.12659/AJCR.932039.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34188012" target="_blank">34188012</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8255079" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28477093">Clinical and serological autoimmune complications in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Demir C,
Ekinci Ö</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Wien Klin Wochenschr</span>
2017 Aug;129(15-16):552-557.
Epub 2017 May 5
doi: 10.1007/s00508-017-1208-9.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28477093" target="_blank">28477093</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/16102043">Autoimmune thrombocytopenia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Chong BH,
Ho SJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Thromb Haemost</span>
2005 Aug;3(8):1763-72.
doi: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2005.01376.x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/16102043" target="_blank">16102043</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/7704000">Autoimmunity and heavy metals.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bigazzi PE</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Lupus</span>
1994 Dec;3(6):449-53.
doi: 10.1177/096120339400300604.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/7704000" target="_blank">7704000</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Autoimmune%20thrombocytopenia%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (121)</a></div></div>
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<h2 class="offscreen_noflow">Supplemental Content</h2>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_113">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Table_of_contents">Table of contents</h1><a sid="113" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul id="my-toc"></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_106">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Genetic_Testing_Registry">Genetic Testing Registry</h1><a sid="106" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0242584%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (10)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0242584%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (11)</a></li>
<li class="portletSeeAll portletSeeAllPad"><total><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0242584%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">See all (11)</a></total></li>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_119">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_resources">Clinical resources</h1><a sid="119" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?Expert=71203" target="_blank">Orphanet</a></li><li><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=Autoimmune%20thrombocytopenia" target="_blank">ClinicalTrials.gov</a></li></ul></div>
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