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<meta name="keywords" content="C0030508, disease or syndrome, event that disrupts sleep, parasomnia, parasomnia (sleep disorder), parasomnias, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="An undesirable physical event or experience that occurs during the process of falling asleep, while asleep, or when waking up from sleep." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<!--
UID=10582
ConceptID=C0030508
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Parasomnia</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>10582</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0030508</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonym:</td>
<td>Parasomnias</td></tr>
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
<td>Parasomnia (sleep disorder) (58690002); Parasomnia (58690002)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0025234">HP:0025234</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table></div><div class="rprt-body jig-ncbiinpagenav" data-jigconfig="smoothScroll: false, gotoTopLink: true, gotoTopLinkText: '', gotoTopLinkAttrs: {'title': 'Go to the top of the page'},allHeadingLevels: ['h1'], topOfPageTOC: true, tocId: 'my-toc'"><div id="rprt-tabs-1" class="rprt-tab"><div id="tb-termsProp-1"><div class="leftCol mgCol"><div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">An undesirable physical event or experience that occurs during the process of falling asleep, while asleep, or when waking up from sleep. [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline">Parasomnia</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1254" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Fetal anomaly">Fetal anomaly</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/474891" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Congenital Systemic Disorder">Congenital Systemic Disorder</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/105425" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the nervous system">Abnormality of the nervous system</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868417" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal nervous system physiology">Abnormal nervous system physiology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868938" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of mental function">Abnormality of mental function</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/52372" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Sleep abnormality">Sleep abnormality</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Parasomnia</span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/156052" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Disturbance during transitions between sleep and wake states">Disturbance during transitions between sleep and wake states</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1853204" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal hypnagogia">Abnormal hypnagogia</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/68578" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Hypnagogic hallucination">Hypnagogic hallucination</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1853209" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Hypnagogic sleep paralysis">Hypnagogic sleep paralysis</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1853212" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal hypnopompia">Abnormal hypnopompia</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/155742" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Confusional arousal">Confusional arousal</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/140858" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Hypnopompic hallucination">Hypnopompic hallucination</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1853203" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Hypnopompic sleep paralysis">Hypnopompic sleep paralysis</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/756269" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Exploding head syndrome">Exploding head syndrome</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/854452" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Dream anxiety disorder">Dream anxiety disorder</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/95991" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Nocturnal paroxysmal dystonia">Nocturnal paroxysmal dystonia</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1369720" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for NREM parasomnia">NREM parasomnia</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1853257" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Sexsomnia">Sexsomnia</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/52373" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Sleep terror">Sleep terror</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/199731" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Periodic limb movement disorder">Periodic limb movement disorder</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1853208" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Bruxism during sleep">Bruxism during sleep</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1853180" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Periodic limb movements">Periodic limb movements</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/199730" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for REM sleep behavior disorder">REM sleep behavior disorder</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/48427" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Restless legs">Restless legs</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/96820" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Sleep paralysis">Sleep paralysis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/20837" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Somnambulism">Somnambulism</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1853234" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for REM parasomnia">REM parasomnia</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/10352" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Nightmare disorder">Nightmare disorder</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/155744" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for REM Sleep Parasomnias">REM Sleep Parasomnias</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/156256" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Sleep Arousal Disorders">Sleep Arousal Disorders</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/155628" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Sleep Bruxism">Sleep Bruxism</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_358356"><div><strong>Char syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>358356</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1868570</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Char syndrome is characterized by the triad of typical facial features, patent ductus arteriosus, and aplasia or hypoplasia of the middle phalanges of the fifth fingers. Typical facial features are depressed nasal bridge and broad flat nasal tip, widely spaced eyes, downslanted palpebral fissures, mild ptosis, short philtrum with prominent philtral ridges with an upward pointing vermilion border resulting in a triangular mouth, and thickened (patulous) everted lips. Less common findings include other types of congenital heart defects, other hand and foot anomalies, hypodontia, hearing loss, myopia and/or strabismus, polythelia, parasomnia, craniosynostosis (involving either the metopic or sagittal suture), and short stature.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/358356">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_358356" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Char syndrome</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36515157">Management of REM sleep behavior disorder: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine clinical practice guideline.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Howell M,
Avidan AY,
Foldvary-Schaefer N,
Malkani RG,
During EH,
Roland JP,
McCarter SJ,
Zak RS,
Carandang G,
Kazmi U,
Ramar K</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Clin Sleep Med</span>
2023 Apr 1;19(4):759-768.
doi: 10.5664/jcsm.10424.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36515157" target="_blank">36515157</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10071384" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33029723">Sleep Issues in Parkinson's Disease and Their Management.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Zuzuárregui JRP,
During EH</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurotherapeutics</span>
2020 Oct;17(4):1480-1494.
Epub 2020 Oct 7
doi: 10.1007/s13311-020-00938-y.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33029723" target="_blank">33029723</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7851262" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31408014">Diagnosis and management of nonrapid eye movement-parasomnias.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Drakatos P,
Leschziner G</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Opin Pulm Med</span>
2019 Nov;25(6):629-635.
doi: 10.1097/MCP.0000000000000619.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31408014" target="_blank">31408014</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22parasomnia%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (25)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38368065">Forensic Implications of the Parasomnias.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Holoyda B</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Sleep Med Clin</span>
2024 Mar;19(1):189-198.
Epub 2023 Nov 17
doi: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2023.10.010.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38368065" target="_blank">38368065</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32386702">Drugs Used in Parasomnia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Proserpio P,
Terzaghi M,
Manni R,
Nobili L</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Sleep Med Clin</span>
2020 Jun;15(2):289-300.
doi: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2020.02.014.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32386702" target="_blank">32386702</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30166532">REM sleep behaviour disorder.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Dauvilliers Y,
Schenck CH,
Postuma RB,
Iranzo A,
Luppi PH,
Plazzi G,
Montplaisir J,
Boeve B</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nat Rev Dis Primers</span>
2018 Aug 30;4(1):19.
doi: 10.1038/s41572-018-0016-5.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30166532" target="_blank">30166532</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29759270">Drugs Used in Parasomnia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Proserpio P,
Terzaghi M,
Manni R,
Nobili L</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Sleep Med Clin</span>
2018 Jun;13(2):191-202.
Epub 2018 Mar 17
doi: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2018.02.003.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29759270" target="_blank">29759270</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/15461542">Somnambulism (sleepwalking).</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Remulla A,
Guilleminault C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Expert Opin Pharmacother</span>
2004 Oct;5(10):2069-74.
doi: 10.1517/14656566.5.10.2069.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/15461542" target="_blank">15461542</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Parasomnia%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (285)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38368068">Somnambulism.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cordani R,
Lopez R,
Barateau L,
Chenini S,
Nobili L,
Dauvilliers Y</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Sleep Med Clin</span>
2024 Mar;19(1):43-54.
Epub 2023 Nov 2
doi: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2023.10.001.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38368068" target="_blank">38368068</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38368062">Sleep-Related Dissociative Disorders.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Eiser AS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Sleep Med Clin</span>
2024 Mar;19(1):159-167.
Epub 2023 Nov 22
doi: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2023.10.003.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38368062" target="_blank">38368062</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35819343">REM sleep, REM parasomnias, REM sleep behaviour disorder.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Szûcs A,
Mutti C,
Papp A,
Halász P,
Parrino L</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Ideggyogy Sz</span>
2022 May 30;75(5-06):171-182.
doi: 10.18071/isz.75.0171.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35819343" target="_blank">35819343</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33230689">Nightmare Disorder and Isolated Sleep Paralysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Stefani A,
Högl B</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurotherapeutics</span>
2021 Jan;18(1):100-106.
Epub 2020 Nov 23
doi: 10.1007/s13311-020-00966-8.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33230689" target="_blank">33230689</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8116464" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30292731">Sleep Disorders.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">K Pavlova M,
Latreille V</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med</span>
2019 Mar;132(3):292-299.
Epub 2018 Oct 4
doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2018.09.021.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30292731" target="_blank">30292731</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Parasomnia%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (414)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32386702">Drugs Used in Parasomnia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Proserpio P,
Terzaghi M,
Manni R,
Nobili L</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Sleep Med Clin</span>
2020 Jun;15(2):289-300.
doi: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2020.02.014.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32386702" target="_blank">32386702</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31375204">Non-REM Parasomnia: The Promise of Precision Medicine.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Erickson J,
Vaughn BV</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Sleep Med Clin</span>
2019 Sep;14(3):363-370.
Epub 2019 Jul 1
doi: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2019.05.002.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31375204" target="_blank">31375204</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30292731">Sleep Disorders.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">K Pavlova M,
Latreille V</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med</span>
2019 Mar;132(3):292-299.
Epub 2018 Oct 4
doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2018.09.021.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30292731" target="_blank">30292731</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30166532">REM sleep behaviour disorder.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Dauvilliers Y,
Schenck CH,
Postuma RB,
Iranzo A,
Luppi PH,
Plazzi G,
Montplaisir J,
Boeve B</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nat Rev Dis Primers</span>
2018 Aug 30;4(1):19.
doi: 10.1038/s41572-018-0016-5.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30166532" target="_blank">30166532</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/15461542">Somnambulism (sleepwalking).</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Remulla A,
Guilleminault C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Expert Opin Pharmacother</span>
2004 Oct;5(10):2069-74.
doi: 10.1517/14656566.5.10.2069.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/15461542" target="_blank">15461542</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Parasomnia%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (163)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36515157">Management of REM sleep behavior disorder: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine clinical practice guideline.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Howell M,
Avidan AY,
Foldvary-Schaefer N,
Malkani RG,
During EH,
Roland JP,
McCarter SJ,
Zak RS,
Carandang G,
Kazmi U,
Ramar K</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Clin Sleep Med</span>
2023 Apr 1;19(4):759-768.
doi: 10.5664/jcsm.10424.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36515157" target="_blank">36515157</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10071384" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32869388">Could sleep paralysis be pleasant?</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kliková M,
Sharpless BA,
Bušková J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Sleep Res</span>
2021 Jun;30(3):e13154.
Epub 2020 Aug 31
doi: 10.1111/jsr.13154.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32869388" target="_blank">32869388</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31277555">Neuropsychological, electrophysiological, and neuroimaging biomarkers for REM behavior disorder.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ferini-Strambi L,
Fasiello E,
Sforza M,
Salsone M,
Galbiati A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Expert Rev Neurother</span>
2019 Nov;19(11):1069-1087.
Epub 2019 Jul 11
doi: 10.1080/14737175.2019.1640603.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31277555" target="_blank">31277555</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22136901">REM behaviour disorder and neurodegenerative diseases.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Zanigni S,
Calandra-Buonaura G,
Grimaldi D,
Cortelli P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Sleep Med</span>
2011 Dec;12 Suppl 2:S54-8.
doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2011.10.012.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22136901" target="_blank">22136901</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/16120106">'Nocturnal groaning': just a sound or parasomnia?</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Oldani A,
Manconi M,
Zucconi M,
Castronovo V,
Ferini-Strambi L</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Sleep Res</span>
2005 Sep;14(3):305-10.
doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2869.2005.00460.x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/16120106" target="_blank">16120106</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Parasomnia%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (100)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34561338">Midazolam-Induced Parasomnia as Online-Shopping Behaviors.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wang CC,
Chen TY,
Wan FJ,
Huang YC,
Tzeng NS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Neuropharmacol</span>
2021 Nov-Dec 01;44(6):245-246.
doi: 10.1097/WNF.0000000000000480.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34561338" target="_blank">34561338</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32869388">Could sleep paralysis be pleasant?</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kliková M,
Sharpless BA,
Bušková J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Sleep Res</span>
2021 Jun;30(3):e13154.
Epub 2020 Aug 31
doi: 10.1111/jsr.13154.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32869388" target="_blank">32869388</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31277555">Neuropsychological, electrophysiological, and neuroimaging biomarkers for REM behavior disorder.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ferini-Strambi L,
Fasiello E,
Sforza M,
Salsone M,
Galbiati A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Expert Rev Neurother</span>
2019 Nov;19(11):1069-1087.
Epub 2019 Jul 11
doi: 10.1080/14737175.2019.1640603.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31277555" target="_blank">31277555</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27250813">The Development of Sleep Medicine: A Historical Sketch.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Schulz H,
Salzarulo P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Clin Sleep Med</span>
2016 Jul 15;12(7):1041-52.
doi: 10.5664/jcsm.5946.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27250813" target="_blank">27250813</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4918987" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23786736">Sleep-laughing--hypnogely.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Trajanovic NN,
Shapiro CM,
Milovanovic S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Can J Neurol Sci</span>
2013 Jul;40(4):536-9.
doi: 10.1017/s0317167100014621.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23786736" target="_blank">23786736</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Parasomnia%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (181)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_104">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_systematic_reviews">Recent systematic reviews</h1><a sid="104" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38433577">Insomnia and parasomnia induced by validated smoking cessation pharmacotherapies and electronic cigarettes: a network meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Vanderkam P,
Pomes C,
Dzeraviashka P,
Castera P,
Jaafari N,
Lafay-Chebassier C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">CNS Spectr</span>
2024 Apr;29(2):96-108.
Epub 2024 Mar 4
doi: 10.1017/S1092852924000087.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38433577" target="_blank">38433577</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37716336">Behavioral and psychological treatments for NREM parasomnias: A systematic review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mundt JM,
Schuiling MD,
Warlick C,
Dietch JR,
Wescott AB,
Hagenaars M,
Furst A,
Khorramdel K,
Baron KG</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Sleep Med</span>
2023 Nov;111:36-53.
Epub 2023 Sep 6
doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.09.004.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37716336" target="_blank">37716336</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10591847" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33189083">Pharmacotherapies for sleep disturbances in dementia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">McCleery J,
Sharpley AL</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cochrane Database Syst Rev</span>
2020 Nov 15;11(11):CD009178.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009178.pub4.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33189083" target="_blank">33189083</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8094738" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28735779">A systematic review of variables associated with sleep paralysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Denis D,
French CC,
Gregory AM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Sleep Med Rev</span>
2018 Apr;38:141-157.
Epub 2017 Jun 8
doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2017.05.005.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28735779" target="_blank">28735779</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28363449">Medication induced sleepwalking: A systematic review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Stallman HM,
Kohler M,
White J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Sleep Med Rev</span>
2018 Feb;37:105-113.
Epub 2017 Jan 29
doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2017.01.005.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28363449" target="_blank">28363449</a></div>
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