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<!--
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UID=10572
|
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ConceptID=C0030436
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-->
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<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Parakeratosis</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>10572</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0030436</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonym:</td>
|
||
<td>Parakeratoses</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
|
||
<td>Parakeratosis (65068000); Parakeratosis (200766001)</td></tr>
|
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<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
|
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<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001036">HP:0001036</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln">Abnormal formation of the keratinocytes of the epidermis characterized by persistence of nuclei, incomplete formation of keratin, and moistness and swelling of the keratinocytes. [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test, </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test, </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM, </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>, </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0030436[DISCUI]&test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=10572">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline">Parakeratosis</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867443" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Phenotypic abnormality">Phenotypic abnormality</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871273" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the integument">Abnormality of the integument</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1845238" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the skin">Abnormality of the skin</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869110" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal skin morphology">Abnormal skin morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/66024" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Thickened skin">Thickened skin</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/775751" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Epidermal thickening">Epidermal thickening</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Parakeratosis</span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/473366" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Hyperparakeratosis">Hyperparakeratosis</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
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||
</div>
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||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
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||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
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||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_45939"><div><strong>Pityriasis rubra pilaris</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>45939</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0032027</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Pityriasis rubra pilaris is an uncommon skin disorder characterized by the appearance of keratotic follicular papules, well-demarcated salmon-colored erythematous plaques covered with fine powdery scales interspersed with distinct islands of uninvolved skin, and palmoplantar keratoderma. Most cases are sporadic, although up to 6.5% of PRP-affected individuals report a positive family history. The rare familial cases show autosomal dominant inheritance with incomplete penetrance and variable expression: the disorder is usually present at birth or appears during the first years of life and is characterized by prominent follicular hyperkeratosis, diffuse palmoplantar keratoderma, and erythema, with only a modest response to treatment (summary by Fuchs-Telem et al., 2012).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/45939">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_75550"><div><strong>DE SANCTIS-CACCHIONE SYNDROME</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>75550</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0265201</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A rare autosomal recessive inherited syndrome. It is characterized by xeroderma pigmentosum, mental retardation, dwarfism, hypogonadism, and neurologic abnormalities.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/75550">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_82697"><div><strong>Child syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>82697</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0265267</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">NSDHL-related disorders include CHILD (congenital hemidysplasia with ichthyosiform nevus and limb defects) syndrome, an X-linked disorder that is usually male lethal during gestation and thus predominantly affects females; and CK syndrome, an X-linked disorder that affects males. CHILD syndrome is characterized by unilateral distribution of ichthyosiform skin lesions and ipsilateral limb defects that range from shortening of the metacarpals and phalanges to absence of the entire limb. Intellect is usually normal. The ichthyosiform skin lesions are usually present at birth or in the first weeks of life; new lesions can develop in later life. Onychodystrophy and periungual hyperkeratosis are common. Heart, lung, and kidney malformations can also occur. CK syndrome is characterized by mild-to-severe cognitive impairment and behavior problems (aggression, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], and irritability). All reported affected males have developed seizures in infancy and have cerebral cortical malformations and microcephaly. All have distinctive facial features, a thin habitus, and relatively long, thin fingers and toes. Some have scoliosis and kyphosis. Strabismus is common. Optic atrophy is also reported.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/82697">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_581114"><div><strong>Acrodermatitis continua suppurativa of Hallopeau</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>581114</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0392439</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A rare, genetic, chronic, recurrent, slowly progressive, epidermal disease characterized by small, sterile, pustular eruptions, involving the nails and surrounding skin of the fingers and/or toes, which coalesce and burst, leaving erythematous, atrophic skin where new pustules develop. Onychodystrophy is frequently associated and anonychia and osteolysis are reported in severe cases. Local expansion (to involve the hands, forearms and/or feet) and involvement of mucosal surfaces (e.g. conjunctiva, tongue, urethra) may be observed.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/581114">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_181842"><div><strong>Porokeratosis of Mibelli</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>181842</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0949506</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Porokeratosis is a rare skin disorder characterized by one or more annular plaques with a surrounding raised horny border that spreads centrifugally. Variants of porokeratosis have been described that differ in morphologic shapes, distribution, and clinical course (Schamroth et al., 1997). However, as noted by Sybert (2010), several families with expression of more than one variant of porokeratosis among members, and several individuals expressing more than one variant, have been reported, suggesting that the distinctions among these variants may be artificial. Mutations in the MVK gene have been found to cause multiple types of porokeratosis, which have been described as porokeratosis of Mibelli, porokeratoma, genital porokeratosis, hyperkeratotic porokeratosis, and linear porokeratosis. The preferred title of this entry was formerly 'Porokeratosis 1, Mibelli Type; POROK1.' Genetic Heterogeneity of Porokeratosis Also see porokeratosis-2 (POROK2; 175850), mapped to chromosome 12q24; POROK3 (175900), caused by mutation in the MVK gene (251170) on chromosome 12q24; POROK4 (607728), mapped to chromosome 15q25-q26; POROK5 (612293), mapped to chromosome 1p31; POROK6 (612353), mapped to chromosome 1p31; POROK7 (614714), caused by mutation in the MVD gene (603236) on chromosome 16q24; POROK8 (616063), caused by mutation in the SLC17A9 gene (612107) on chromosome 20q13; and POROK9 (616631), caused by mutation in the FDPS gene (134629) on chromosome 1q22. A palmoplantar form of punctate porokeratosis has also been described (PPKP2; 175860). Genotype/Phenotype Correlations Zhang et al. (2015) screened 12 isoprenoid genes in 134 Chinese probands with porokeratosis and identified mutations in the MVK, MVD, PMVK, and FDPS genes in 113 patients. The authors noted that giant plaque-type porokeratosis ptychotropica with lesion diameters of at least 5 cm appeared to be uniquely associated with mutation in MVK; it was observed in 19 (50%) of 38 MVK probands, but not in patients with mutations in any of the other 3 genes or in the 21 probands in whom no mutation was found. MVK patients also showed the widest range in terms of the number and size of lesions, as well as presence of porokeratosis subtypes. In patients with MVD mutations, the age of onset ranged from 5 to 70 years, and lesion diameters were generally less than 2 cm. In addition, 6 of the 62 MVD probands exhibited solar facial porokeratosis, which was not seen in any other patients. Localized genital porokeratosis and porokeratoma appeared to be uniquely associated with mutation in the PMVK gene, whereas patients with mutations in the FDPS gene had more than 500 lesions, all with diameters of 1 cm or less.</div>
|
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/181842">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_324338"><div><strong>Palmoplantar keratoderma-esophageal carcinoma syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>324338</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1835664</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Neoplastic Process</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Tylosis with esophageal cancer (TOC) is an autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK; see 600962 and 144200), oral precursor lesions, and a high lifetime risk of esophageal cancer (summary by Blaydon et al., 2012).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/324338">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_334382"><div><strong>Neonatal ichthyosis-sclerosing cholangitis syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>334382</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1843355</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Ichthyosis, leukocyte vacuoles, alopecia, and sclerosing cholangitis (ILVASC) is a rare autosomal recessive syndrome characterized by scalp hypotrichosis, scarring alopecia, ichthyosis, and sclerosing cholangitis (summary by Feldmeyer et al., 2006).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/334382">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_347628"><div><strong>Autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis 5</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>347628</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1858133</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI) is a heterogeneous group of disorders of keratinization characterized primarily by abnormal skin scaling over the whole body. These disorders are limited to skin, with approximately two-thirds of patients presenting severe symptoms. The main skin phenotypes are lamellar ichthyosis (LI) and nonbullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma (NCIE), although phenotypic overlap within the same patient or among patients from the same family can occur (summary by Fischer, 2009). Neither histopathologic findings nor ultrastructural features clearly distinguish between NCIE and LI. In addition, mutations in several genes have been shown to cause both lamellar and nonbullous ichthyosiform erythrodermal phenotypes (Akiyama et al., 2003). At the First Ichthyosis Consensus Conference in Soreze in 2009, the term 'autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis' (ARCI) was designated to encompass LI, NCIE, and harlequin ichthyosis (ARCI4B; 242500) (Oji et al., 2010). NCIE is characterized by prominent erythroderma and fine white, superficial, semiadherent scales. Most patients present with collodion membrane at birth and have palmoplantar keratoderma, often with painful fissures, digital contractures, and loss of pulp volume. In half of the cases, a nail dystrophy including ridging, subungual hyperkeratosis, or hypoplasia has been described. Ectropion, eclabium, scalp involvement, and loss of eyebrows and lashes seem to be more frequent in NCIE than in lamellar ichthyosis (summary by Fischer et al., 2000). In LI, the scales are large, adherent, dark, and pigmented with no skin erythema. Overlapping phenotypes may depend on the age of the patient and the region of the body. The terminal differentiation of the epidermis is perturbed in both forms, leading to a reduced barrier function and defects of lipid composition in the stratum corneum (summary by Lefevre et al., 2006). In later life, the skin in ARCI may have scales that cover the entire body surface, including the flexural folds, and the scales are highly variable in size and color. Erythema may be very mild and almost invisible. Some affected persons exhibit scarring alopecia, and many have secondary anhidrosis (summary by Eckl et al., 2005). For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis, see ARCI1 (242300).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/347628">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_395099"><div><strong>Loricrin keratoderma</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>395099</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1858805</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Variant Vohwinkel syndrome is a rare genodermatosis characterized by hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles, with a honeycomb appearance; constricting bands encircling the digits of the hands and feet, which frequently lead to autoamputation of the fifth digits; starfish-shaped, salmon-colored hyperkeratotic lesions, or knuckle pads, on the dorsal surface of the hands; and ichthyosiform dermatosis. The pathognomonic histologic finding is markedly thickened stratum corneum, hypergranulosis, and particularly, hyperkeratosis with round nuclei retained in the stratum corneum. Unlike classic Vohwinkel syndrome, hearing loss is not a feature (summary by Maestrini et al., 1996).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/395099">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_351141"><div><strong>Psoriasis 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>351141</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1864497</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Any psoriasis in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the CARD14 gene.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/351141">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_356430"><div><strong>Keratosis linearis-ichthyosis congenita-sclerosing keratoderma syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>356430</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1866029</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Keratosis linearis with ichthyosis congenita and sclerosing keratoderma (KLICK) is an autosomal recessive disorder of keratinization characterized by ichthyosis, palmoplantar keratoderma with constricting bands around fingers, flexural deformities of fingers, and keratotic papules in a linear distribution on the flexural side of large joints. Histologic examination shows hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the spinous, granular, and horny epidermal layers, with abundant abnormal keratohyaline granules in differentiated keratinocytes (summary by Dahlqvist et al., 2010).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/356430">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_401352"><div><strong>Porokeratosis 3, disseminated superficial actinic type</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>401352</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1867981</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Porokeratosis is a rare skin disorder characterized by one or more annular plaques with a surrounding raised horny border that spreads centrifugally. Variants of porokeratosis have been described that differ in morphologic shapes, distribution, and clinical course (Schamroth et al., 1997). However, as noted by Sybert (2010), several families with expression of more than one variant of porokeratosis among members, and individuals expressing more than one variant, have been reported, suggesting that the distinctions among these variants may be artificial. Mutations in the MVK gene have been found to cause multiple types of porokeratosis, which have been described as disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP), nonactinic disseminated superficial porokeratosis (DSP), porokeratosis of Mibelli, giant plaque of porokeratosis ptychotropica, hyperkeratotic porokeratosis, and linear porokeratosis. The preferred title of this entry was formerly 'Porokeratosis 3, Disseminated Superficial Actinic Type; POROK3.' Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis is the most common subtype of porokeratosis. It is characterized by multiple small, annular, anhidrotic, keratotic lesions that are located predominantly on sun-exposed areas of the skin, such as the face, neck, and distal limbs. The lesions typically begin to develop in adolescence and reach near-complete penetrance by the third or fourth decade of life (summary by Wu et al., 2004 and Zhang et al., 2012). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of porokeratosis, see 175800.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/401352">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_436851"><div><strong>Autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis 6</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>436851</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C2677065</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI) is a heterogeneous group of disorders of keratinization characterized primarily by abnormal skin scaling over the whole body. These disorders are limited to skin, with approximately two-thirds of patients presenting severe symptoms. The main skin phenotypes are lamellar ichthyosis (LI) and nonbullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma (NCIE), although phenotypic overlap within the same patient or among patients from the same family can occur (summary by Fischer, 2009). Neither histopathologic findings nor ultrastructural features clearly distinguish between NCIE and LI. In addition, mutations in several genes have been shown to cause both lamellar and nonbullous ichthyosiform erythrodermal phenotypes (Akiyama et al., 2003). At the First Ichthyosis Consensus Conference in Soreze in 2009, the term 'autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis' (ARCI) was designated to encompass LI, NCIE, and harlequin ichthyosis (ARCI4B; 242500) (Oji et al., 2010). NCIE is characterized by prominent erythroderma and fine white, superficial, semiadherent scales. Most patients present with collodion membrane at birth and have palmoplantar keratoderma, often with painful fissures, digital contractures, and loss of pulp volume. In half of the cases, a nail dystrophy including ridging, subungual hyperkeratosis, or hypoplasia has been described. Ectropion, eclabium, scalp involvement, and loss of eyebrows and lashes seem to be more frequent in NCIE than in lamellar ichthyosis (summary by Fischer et al., 2000). In LI, the scales are large, adherent, dark, and pigmented with no skin erythema. Overlapping phenotypes may depend on the age of the patient and the region of the body. The terminal differentiation of the epidermis is perturbed in both forms, leading to a reduced barrier function and defects of lipid composition in the stratum corneum (summary by Lefevre et al., 2006). In later life, the skin in ARCI may have scales that cover the entire body surface, including the flexural folds, and the scales are highly variable in size and color. Erythema may be very mild and almost invisible. Some affected persons exhibit scarring alopecia, and many have secondary anhidrosis (summary by Eckl et al., 2005). For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis, see ARCI1 (242300).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/436851">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_766463"><div><strong>Porokeratosis 7, multiple types</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>766463</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3553549</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Porokeratosis is a rare skin disorder characterized by one or more annular plaques with a surrounding raised horny border that spreads centrifugally. Variants of porokeratosis have been described that differ in morphologic shapes, distribution, and clinical course (Schamroth et al., 1997). However, as noted by Sybert (2010), several families with expression of more than one variant of porokeratosis among members, and individuals expressing more than one variant, have been reported, suggesting that the distinctions among these variants may be artificial. Mutations in the MVD gene have been found to cause multiple types of porokeratosis, which have been described as disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP), nonactinic disseminated superficial porokeratosis (DSP), solar facial porokeratosis, linear porokeratosis, and hyperkeratotic porokeratosis. The preferred title of this entry was formerly 'Porokeratosis 7, Disseminated Superficial Actinic Type; POROK7.' Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP) is the most common subtype of porokeratosis. It is characterized by multiple small, annular, anhidrotic, keratotic lesions that are located predominantly on sun-exposed areas of the skin, such as the face, neck, and distal limbs. The lesions typically begin to develop in adolescence and reach near-complete penetrance by the third or fourth decade of life (summary by Wu et al., 2004 and Zhang et al., 2012). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of porokeratosis, see 175800.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/766463">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_813075"><div><strong>Olmsted syndrome, X-linked</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>813075</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3806745</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">X-linked Olmsted syndrome (OLMSX) is a rare keratinization disorder characterized by the combination of periorificial keratotic plaques and bilateral palmoplantar transgredient keratoderma. Other clinical manifestations include diffuse alopecia, leukokeratosis of the oral mucosa, onychodystrophy, hyperkeratotic linear streaks, follicular keratosis, and constriction of the digits (summary by Yaghoobi et al., 2007). For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Olmsted disease, see OLMS1 (614594).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/813075">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_815206"><div><strong>Corneal intraepithelial dyskeratosis-palmoplantar hyperkeratosis-laryngeal dyskeratosis syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>815206</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3808876</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Neoplastic Process</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Multiple self-healing palmoplantar carcinoma (MSPC) is characterized by recurrent keratoacanthomas in palmoplantar skin as well as in conjunctival and corneal epithelia. In addition, patients experience a high susceptibility to malignant squamous cell carcinoma (summary by Zhong et al., 2016).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/815206">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_862830"><div><strong>Cardiomyopathy, dilated, with wooly hair, keratoderma, and tooth agenesis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>862830</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4014393</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Keratoderma with woolly hair is a group of related conditions that affect the skin and hair and in many cases increase the risk of potentially life-threatening heart problems. People with these conditions have hair that is unusually coarse, dry, fine, and tightly curled. In some cases, the hair is also sparse. The woolly hair texture typically affects only scalp hair and is present from birth. Starting early in life, affected individuals also develop palmoplantar keratoderma, a condition that causes skin on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet to become thick, scaly, and calloused.\n\nCardiomyopathy, which is a disease of the heart muscle, is a life-threatening health problem that can develop in people with keratoderma with woolly hair. Unlike the other features of this condition, signs and symptoms of cardiomyopathy may not appear until adolescence or later. Complications of cardiomyopathy can include an abnormal heartbeat (arrhythmia), heart failure, and sudden death.\n\nKeratoderma with woolly hair comprises several related conditions with overlapping signs and symptoms. Researchers have recently proposed classifying keratoderma with woolly hair into four types, based on the underlying genetic cause. Type I, also known as Naxos disease, is characterized by palmoplantar keratoderma, woolly hair, and a form of cardiomyopathy called arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC). Type II, also known as Carvajal syndrome, has hair and skin abnormalities similar to type I but features a different form of cardiomyopathy, called dilated left ventricular cardiomyopathy. Type III also has signs and symptoms similar to those of type I, including ARVC, although the hair and skin abnormalities are often milder. Type IV is characterized by palmoplantar keratoderma and woolly and sparse hair, as well as abnormal fingernails and toenails. Type IV does not appear to cause cardiomyopathy.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/862830">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1635401"><div><strong>Autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1635401</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4551630</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Any autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the TGM1 gene.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1635401">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1648406"><div><strong>Peeling skin syndrome 6</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1648406</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4748093</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Peeling skin syndrome-6 (PSS6) is characterized by generalized ichthyotic dry skin and bullous peeling lesions on the trunk and limbs at sites of minor trauma. There is residual hyperpigmentation in areas of healing, but no scarring. Skin symptoms are exacerbated by warmth and humidity; however, the disorder improves markedly with age (Bolling et al., 2018; Mohamad et al., 2018). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of peeling skin syndrome, see PSS1 (270300).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1648406">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1673640"><div><strong>Infantile cataract, skin abnormalities, glutamate excess, and impaired intellectual development</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1673640</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5193037</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">CASGID syndrome is characterized by an elevated glutamate to glutamine ratio and impaired intellectual development with the variable features of infantile cataract, skin abnormalities, seizures, and progressive spastic quadriplegia (Rumping et al., 2019; Stutterd et al., 2022; Rumping et al., 2023). A gain-of-function mutation in the GLS gene was found (see MOLECULAR GENETICS) in the patient reported by Rumping et al. (2019). GLS loss of function is implicated in developmental and epileptic encephalopathy-71 (DEE71; 618328) and a syndrome of global developmental delay and progressive ataxia (GDPAG; 618412).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1673640">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1681026"><div><strong>Erythrokeratodermia variabilis et progressiva 6</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1681026</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5193144</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">EKVP6 is characterized by erythematous hyperkeratotic plaques that develop within the first year of life, beginning on distal extremities and progressing to involve the face, wrists, and ankles, with sparing of volar surfaces. Intrafamilial variation in severity has been observed, and most affected individuals experience slowly progressive spontaneous remission after puberty (Wang et al., 2019). For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of EKVP, see EKVP1 (133200).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1681026">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1682428"><div><strong>Ichthyotic keratoderma, spasticity, hypomyelination, and dysmorphic facial features</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1682428</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5193147</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Ichthyotic keratoderma, spasticity, hypomyelination, and dysmorphic features (IKSHD) is characterized by epidermal hyperproliferation and increased keratinization, resulting in ichthyosis; hypomyelination of central white matter, causing spastic paraplegia and central nystagmus; and optic atrophy, resulting in reduction of peripheral vision and visual acuity (Mueller et al., 2019). In addition, patients exhibit mild facial dysmorphism (Kutkowska-Kazmierczak et al., 2018).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1682428">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1778121"><div><strong>Olmsted syndrome 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1778121</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5542829</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Olmsted syndrome-1 (OLMS1) is a rare congenital disorder characterized by bilateral mutilating palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) and periorificial keratotic plaques with severe pruritus of lesions. Diffuse alopecia, constriction of digits, and onychodystrophy have also been reported. Infections and squamous cell carcinomas can arise on the keratotic areas (summary by Lin et al., 2012). The digital constriction ('pseudoainhum') may progress to autoamputation of fingers and toes (Olmsted, 1927). Genetic Heterogeneity of Olmsted Syndrome Olmsted syndrome-2 (OLMS2; 619208) is caused by mutation in the PERP gene (609301) on chromosome 6q23. An X-linked form of Olmsted syndrome (OLMSX; 300918) is caused by mutation in the MBTPS2 gene (300294) on chromosome Xp22.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1778121">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1779902"><div><strong>Olmsted syndrome 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1779902</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5543096</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Olmsted syndrome-2 (OLMS2) is characterized by mutilating hyperkeratotic skin lesions, primarily on the palms and soles, but also extending onto dorsal surfaces of the hands and feet and distal extremities. The lesions are progressive, becoming thicker with verrucous fissures on the palms and soles over time. In addition, affected individuals exhibit perioral hyperkeratosis, and may have lesions around other orifices as well, such as the nostrils, perineum, and anus. Most patients also have hyperkeratotic nails and light-colored woolly hair (Duchatelet et al., 2019). Some patients may experience flexion contractures of the digits due to the severity of the keratoderma, and intractable pruritus and alopecia universalis have been observed (Dai et al., 2020). For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Olmsted disease, see OLMS1 (614594).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1779902">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1802991"><div><strong>Netherton syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1802991</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5574950</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Netherton syndrome (NETH) is a rare and severe autosomal recessive skin disorder characterized by congenital erythroderma, a specific hair-shaft abnormality, and atopic manifestations with high IgE levels. Generalized scaly erythroderma is apparent at or soon after birth and usually persists. Scalp hair is sparse and brittle with a characteristic 'bamboo' shape under light microscopic examination due to invagination of the distal part of the hair shaft to its proximal part. Atopic manifestations include eczema-like rashes, atopic dermatitis, pruritus, hay fever, angioedema, urticaria, high levels of IgE in the serum, and hypereosinophilia. Life-threatening complications are frequent during the neonatal period, including hypernatremic dehydration, hypothermia, extreme weight loss, bronchopneumonia, and sepsis. During childhood, failure to thrive is common as a result of malnutrition, metabolic disorders, chronic erythroderma, persistent cutaneous infections, or enteropathy (summary by Bitoun et al., 2002).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1802991">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1852819"><div><strong>Ichthyosis with erythrokeratoderma</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1852819</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5882691</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Ichthyosis with erythrokeratoderma (IEKD) is an autosomal dominant disorder of cornification characterized by abnormal desquamation in addition to erythematous hyperkeratotic plaques or patches. Lesions are present at birth or appear soon after (Gong et al., 2023; Takeichi et al., 2023).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1852819">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_581114" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Acrodermatitis continua suppurativa of Hallopeau</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1635401" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis 1</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_347628" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis 5</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_436851" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis 6</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_862830" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cardiomyopathy, dilated, with wooly hair, keratoderma, and tooth agenesis</a></div><div class="jig-moreless" data-jigconfig="class: 'moveDown', moreText: 'See full list (26)', lessText: 'Show less', nodeBefore: 0"><span id="clinMore">
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_82697" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Child syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_815206" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Corneal intraepithelial dyskeratosis-palmoplantar hyperkeratosis-laryngeal dyskeratosis syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_75550" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">DE SANCTIS-CACCHIONE SYNDROME</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1681026" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Erythrokeratodermia variabilis et progressiva 6</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1852819" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Ichthyosis with erythrokeratoderma</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1682428" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Ichthyotic keratoderma, spasticity, hypomyelination, and dysmorphic facial features</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1673640" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Infantile cataract, skin abnormalities, glutamate excess, and impaired intellectual development</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_356430" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Keratosis linearis-ichthyosis congenita-sclerosing keratoderma syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_395099" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Loricrin keratoderma</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_334382" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neonatal ichthyosis-sclerosing cholangitis syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1802991" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Netherton syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1778121" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Olmsted syndrome 1</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1779902" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Olmsted syndrome 2</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_813075" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Olmsted syndrome, X-linked</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_324338" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Palmoplantar keratoderma-esophageal carcinoma syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1648406" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Peeling skin syndrome 6</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_45939" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Pityriasis rubra pilaris</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_401352" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Porokeratosis 3, disseminated superficial actinic type</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_766463" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Porokeratosis 7, multiple types</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_181842" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Porokeratosis of Mibelli</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_351141" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Psoriasis 2</a></div></span></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38159213">Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris: An Updated Review of Clinical Presentation, Etiopathogenesis, and Treatment Options.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Joshi TP,
|
||
Duvic M</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Clin Dermatol</span>
|
||
2024 Mar;25(2):243-259.
|
||
Epub 2023 Dec 30
|
||
doi: 10.1007/s40257-023-00836-x.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38159213" target="_blank">38159213</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35094385">Clinical features, histology, and treatment outcomes of granular parakeratosis: a systematic review.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ip KH,
|
||
Li A</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int J Dermatol</span>
|
||
2022 Aug;61(8):973-978.
|
||
Epub 2022 Jan 30
|
||
doi: 10.1111/ijd.16107.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35094385" target="_blank">35094385</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9546368" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27865803">Leukoplakia-A Diagnostic and Management Algorithm.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Villa A,
|
||
Woo SB</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Oral Maxillofac Surg</span>
|
||
2017 Apr;75(4):723-734.
|
||
Epub 2016 Oct 26
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2016.10.012.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27865803" target="_blank">27865803</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22parakeratosis%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (37)</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
|
||
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38563701">Darier disease: Histopathology revisited.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Manohar A,
|
||
Antony M,
|
||
Tirumalae R,
|
||
Kalegowda IY</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Indian J Pathol Microbiol</span>
|
||
2024 Jul 1;67(3):615-618.
|
||
Epub 2024 Mar 25
|
||
doi: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_610_23.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38563701" target="_blank">38563701</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38159213">Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris: An Updated Review of Clinical Presentation, Etiopathogenesis, and Treatment Options.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Joshi TP,
|
||
Duvic M</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Clin Dermatol</span>
|
||
2024 Mar;25(2):243-259.
|
||
Epub 2023 Dec 30
|
||
doi: 10.1007/s40257-023-00836-x.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38159213" target="_blank">38159213</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31849081">Histopathologic findings characteristic of CARD14-associated papulosquamous eruption.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ring NG,
|
||
Craiglow BG,
|
||
Panse G,
|
||
Antaya RJ,
|
||
Ashack K,
|
||
Ashack R,
|
||
Faith EF,
|
||
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38159213" target="_blank">38159213</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rai S,
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36446594">Novel histologic score predicts recurrent intestinal metaplasia after successful endoscopic eradication therapy.</a></div>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36446594">Novel histologic score predicts recurrent intestinal metaplasia after successful endoscopic eradication therapy.</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Triggs JR,
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Krogh K,
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Simon V,
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Krause A,
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Kaplan JB,
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Yang GY,
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Wani S,
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Komanduri S</span><br />
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/21396557">Intertriginous eruption.</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wolf R,
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Oumeish OY,
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Dermatol</span>
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/21396557" target="_blank">21396557</a></div>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/6398286">Nickel--an essential element.</a></div>
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||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Anke M,
|
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Groppel B,
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Kronemann H,
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Grün M</span><br />
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/6398286" target="_blank">6398286</a></div>
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<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Parakeratosis%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (278)</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_104">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_systematic_reviews">Recent systematic reviews</h1><a sid="104" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln">
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36484603">A Systematic Review of Histopathologic Surveys on Mucocutaneous Biopsies in Patients Developed COVID-19 Vaccine-Related Dermatologic Manifestations.</a></div>
|
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Salehi S,
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Sadeghi S,
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Kalantari Y,
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Goodarzi A</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Dermatopathol</span>
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Epub 2022 Nov 7
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doi: 10.1097/DAD.0000000000002320.
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||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36484603" target="_blank">36484603</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35094385">Clinical features, histology, and treatment outcomes of granular parakeratosis: a systematic review.</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ip KH,
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Li A</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int J Dermatol</span>
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2022 Aug;61(8):973-978.
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Epub 2022 Jan 30
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doi: 10.1111/ijd.16107.
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35094385" target="_blank">35094385</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9546368" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33213196">Role of Narrow Band Imaging Endoscopy in Preoperative Evaluation of Laryngeal Leukoplakia: A Review of the Literature.</a></div>
|
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Campo F,
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Ralli M,
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Di Stadio A,
|
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Greco A,
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Pellini R,
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de Vincentiis M</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Ear Nose Throat J</span>
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|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33213196" target="_blank">33213196</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Parakeratosis%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (3)</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
|
||
<div id="messagearea_bottom">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class=" bottom">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="supplemental col three_col last">
|
||
<h2 class="offscreen_noflow">Supplemental Content</h2>
|
||
|
||
<div>
|
||
|
||
<!-- MedGen supplemental column starts here -->
|
||
<div class="rightCol mgCol">
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_113">
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Table_of_contents">Table of contents</h1><a sid="113" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul id="my-toc"></ul></div>
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|
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|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_106">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Genetic_Testing_Registry">Genetic Testing Registry</h1><a sid="106" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0030436%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (3)</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0030436%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (3)</a></li>
|
||
<li class="portletSeeAll portletSeeAllPad"><total><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0030436%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">See all (3)</a></total></li>
|
||
</ul></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_119">
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_resources">Clinical resources</h1><a sid="119" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=Parakeratosis" target="_blank">ClinicalTrials.gov</a></li></ul></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_121">
|
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Practice_guidelines">Practice guidelines</h1><a sid="121" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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