775 lines
46 KiB
HTML
775 lines
46 KiB
HTML
<!doctype html>
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<html lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta charset="UTF-8">
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<title>HTTPS at NCBI: Guidance for Users</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../action-pgs.css"/>
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<meta name="ncbi_app" content="guide4beta" />
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var ncbi_startTime = new Date();
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<link media="only screen and (max-width: 905px)" rel="stylesheet" href="../../medium_screen.css" />
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<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../components/normalize-css/normalize.css" />
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<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../components/ncbi-standards/standard_base.css" />
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<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../new_grid.css" />
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<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../app.css" />
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<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../components/ncbi-standards/hf/header.css" />
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<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../homepage.css" />
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<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../components/ncbi-standards/hf/footer.css" />
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<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../check_youtube/check_youtube.css" />
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<!-- for clear button on search input -->
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<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../components/ncbi-standards/hf/clear.css" />
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<script type="text/javascript" src="../../components/ncbi-standards/hf/clear.js"></script>
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<!-- hp-971 - img for links to ncbi from social media sites -->
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<link rel="image_src" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/logo100.gif"/>
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<script type="text/javascript" src="/core/jig/1.15.2/js/jig.min.js"></script>
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<style>
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.top-nav {
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display:block;
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}
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.top-nav li a { color:#000;}
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.search_bar {
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clear:both;
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margin-top:1em;
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}
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html .ui-ncbimenu > li > a {color:#000;}
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.top-nav li a:hover {color:#000;background:none;}
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.top-nav li.popular-res-menu.selected > a {color:#000;background:none;}
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.top-nav li a.expandDown {}
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.top-nav .ui-ncbimenu li a.expandDown {background:none;padding-right:0;}
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.ui-ncbibasicmenu li:last-child, .ui-ncbibasicmenu li:last-child a {
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border-radius: 0;
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}
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.nopadding {padding:0;}
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</style>
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<script>
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jQuery(document).ready(function(){
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jQuery('.arrow-down').click(function(){jQuery('.popular-res-menu .expandDown').trigger('click');})
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jQuery('.top-nav ul.jig-ncbimenu li:not(.popular-res-menu)').addClass('no-submenu');
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});
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<script>
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(function($){
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$(function(){
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var $dbList = $('.search_bar form select:first-child'),
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$btn = $('.search_bar form button[name="Search"]'),
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$input = $('#search');
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console.info($btn);
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$btn.on('click', function(evt){
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var db = $dbList.val(), searchTerm = $input.val();
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if ( db != '' && searchTerm != '') {
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window.location.href = 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/'+ db + '/?term=' + searchTerm
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} else if (db !== '' && searchTerm === '') {
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window.location.href = 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/'+ db + '/';
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else {
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$input.focus();
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}
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return false;
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});
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});
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})(jQuery);
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</script>
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<!-- end for HP-886 -->
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<style type="text/css">
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#maincontent ul { list-style-type: disc; }
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.right { clear: right; }
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.button {
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display: inline-block;
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text-align: center;
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vertical-align: middle;
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padding: 12px 24px;
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border: 1px solid #a12727;
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border-radius: 8px;
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background: #985835;
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background: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, from(#985835), to(#9e6a51));
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background: -moz-linear-gradient(top, #985835, #9e6a51);
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background: linear-gradient(to bottom, #985835, #9e6a51);
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-webkit-box-shadow: #a8a8a8 -3px 4px 19px 0px;
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-moz-box-shadow: #a8a8a8 -3px 4px 19px 0px;
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box-shadow: #a8a8a8 -3px 4px 19px 0px;
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text-shadow: #591717 1px 1px 1px;
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font: normal normal bold 20px arial;
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color: #fff9f5;
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text-decoration: none;
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}
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.button:hover,
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.button:focus {
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background: #b66a40;
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background: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, from(#b66a40), to(#be7f61));
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background: -moz-linear-gradient(top, #b66a40, #be7f61);
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background: linear-gradient(to bottom, #b66a40, #be7f61);
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color: #fff9f5;
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text-decoration: none;
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}
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.button:active {
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background: #5b3520;
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background: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, from(#5b3520), to(#9e6a51));
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background: -moz-linear-gradient(top, #5b3520, #9e6a51);
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background: linear-gradient(to bottom, #5b3520, #9e6a51);
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}
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.button:after{
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content: "\0000a0";
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display: inline-block;
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height: 24px;
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width: 24px;
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line-height: 24px;
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margin: 0 -4px -6px 4px;
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position: relative;
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top: 0px;
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left: 10px;
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background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABgAAAAYCAYAAADgdz34AAAApUlEQVRIic3WoQ1CQRBF0ROCQiAQPygkEk0RaAqggK9pgAIoAEkFFPA1JSBRKAQCQQhZDKsxvIRJrt2bzO7MW2iwx0SoGrxwwxqDlKB8OGGRFFQOmCYFBXdsMEwJKmcsk4JKh1lSUPDAFqOUoHLBCr2UoHLEPCkoeGKHcUpQuaJFvx7+tX+/qL9vUeySY880Omid0KqILbvouo4FTiwyo6Ef+7a8ATHt32B8iq9qAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") no-repeat left center transparent;
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background-size: 100% 100%;
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}
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button.right { margin-bottom: 1em; }
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button.button:focus { outline: none; }
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</style>
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</head>
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<body>
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<div class="grid">
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<header id="page_header" role="banner" data-section="header">
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<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="../../legacy/page.css"/>
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<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="../../about/override.css"/>
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<div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" id="universal_header" xml:base="http://127.0.0.1/sites/static/header_footer/">
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<section class="usa-banner">
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<div class="usa-accordion">
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<header class="usa-banner-header">
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<div class="usa-grid usa-banner-inner">
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<img src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/favicons/favicon-57.png" alt="U.S. flag" />
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<p>An official website of the United States government</p>
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<button class="non-usa-accordion-button usa-banner-button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="gov-banner-top" type="button">
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<span class="usa-banner-button-text">Here's how you know</span>
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<div class="usa-banner-content usa-grid usa-accordion-content" id="gov-banner-top" aria-hidden="true">
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<div class="usa-banner-guidance-gov usa-width-one-half">
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<img class="usa-banner-icon usa-media_block-img" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-dot-gov.svg" alt="Dot gov" />
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<div class="usa-media_block-body">
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<p>
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<strong>The .gov means it's official.</strong>
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<br />
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Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before
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sharing sensitive information, make sure you're on a federal
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government site.
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</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="usa-banner-guidance-ssl usa-width-one-half">
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<img class="usa-banner-icon usa-media_block-img" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-https.svg" alt="Https" />
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<div class="usa-media_block-body">
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<p>
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<strong>The site is secure.</strong>
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<br />
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The <strong>https://</strong> ensures that you are connecting to the
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official website and that any information you provide is encrypted
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and transmitted securely.
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</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</section>
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<div class="usa-overlay"></div>
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<header class="ncbi-header" role="banner" data-section="Header">
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<div class="usa-grid">
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<div class="usa-width-one-whole">
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<div class="ncbi-header__logo">
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<a href="/" class="logo" aria-label="NCBI Logo" data-ga-action="click_image" data-ga-label="NIH NLM Logo">
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<div class="ncbi-header__account">
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<a id="account_login" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov" class="usa-button header-button" style="display:none" data-ga-action="open_menu" data-ga-label="account_menu">Log in</a>
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<button id="account_info" class="header-button" style="display:none" aria-controls="account_popup" type="button">
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<span class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true">
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<path d="M21.8,19.1c-0.9-1.8-2.6-3.3-4.8-4.2c-0.6-0.2-1.3-0.2-1.8,0.1c-1,0.6-2,0.9-3.2,0.9s-2.2-0.3-3.2-0.9 C8.3,14.8,7.6,14.7,7,15c-2.2,0.9-3.9,2.4-4.8,4.2C1.5,20.5,2.6,22,4.1,22h15.8C21.4,22,22.5,20.5,21.8,19.1z"></path>
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</g>
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</svg>
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</span>
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<span class="username desktop-only" aria-hidden="true" id="uname_short"></span>
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<span class="sr-only">Show account info</span>
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<div class="ncbi-popup-anchor">
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<div class="ncbi-popup account-popup" id="account_popup" aria-hidden="true">
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<div class="ncbi-popup-head">
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<button class="ncbi-close-button" data-ga-action="close_menu" data-ga-label="account_menu" type="button">
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</svg>
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</span>
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<span class="usa-sr-only">Close</span></button>
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<h4>Account</h4>
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</div>
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<div class="account-user-info">
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Logged in as:<br />
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<b><span class="username" id="uname_long">username</span></b>
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</div>
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<div class="account-links">
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<ul class="usa-unstyled-list">
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<li><a id="account_myncbi" href="/myncbi/" class="set-base-url" data-ga-action="click_menu_item" data-ga-label="account_myncbi">Dashboard</a></li>
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<li><a id="account_pubs" href="/myncbi/collections/bibliography/" class="set-base-url" data-ga-action="click_menu_item" data-ga-label="account_pubs">Publications</a></li>
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<li><a id="account_settings" href="/account/settings/" class="set-base-url" data-ga-action="click_menu_item" data-ga-label="account_settings">Account settings</a></li>
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<li><a id="account_logout" href="/account/signout/" class="set-base-url" data-ga-action="click_menu_item" data-ga-label="account_logout">Log out</a></li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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</header>
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<div role="navigation" aria-label="access keys">
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<a id="nws_header_accesskey_0" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/browsers/#ncbi_accesskeys" class="usa-sr-only" accesskey="0" tabindex="-1">Access keys</a>
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<a id="nws_header_accesskey_1" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov" class="usa-sr-only" accesskey="1" tabindex="-1">NCBI Homepage</a>
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<a id="nws_header_accesskey_2" href="/myncbi/" class="set-base-url usa-sr-only" accesskey="2" tabindex="-1">MyNCBI Homepage</a>
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<a id="nws_header_accesskey_3" href="#maincontent" class="usa-sr-only" accesskey="3" tabindex="-1">Main Content</a>
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<a id="nws_header_accesskey_4" href="#" class="usa-sr-only" accesskey="4" tabindex="-1">Main Navigation</a>
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</div>
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<section data-section="Alerts">
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<div class="ncbi-alerts-placeholder"></div>
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</section>
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</div>
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<!-- gray header - nav & search -->
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<div class="bg-gray header-div">
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<nav class="top-nav" id="navcontent" role="navigation">
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<ul class="inline_list black_text category_bar jig-ncbimenu">
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<li><a href="/" class="uppercase">ncbi home</a></li>
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<li><a href="../../literature/" class="uppercase">literature</a></li>
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<li><a href="../../health/" class="uppercase">health</a></li>
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<li><a href="../../genomes/" class="uppercase">genomes</a></li>
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<li><a href="../../genes/" class="uppercase">genes</a></li>
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<li><a href="../../proteins/" class="uppercase">proteins</a></li>
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<li><a href="../../chemicals/" class="uppercase">chemicals</a></li>
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<li class="popular-res-menu">
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<a href="#" class="uppercase">popular resources ▼</a>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="/pubmed/">PubMed</a></li>
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<li><a href="/books/">Bookshelf</a></li>
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<li><a href="/pmc/">PubMed Central</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov">BLAST</a></li>
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<li><a href="/nucleotide/">Nucleotide</a></li>
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<li><a href="/genome/">Genome</a></li>
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<li><a href="/snp/">SNP</a></li>
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<li><a href="/gene">Gene</a></li>
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<li><a href="/protein/">Protein</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov">PubChem</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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<div class="search_bar">
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<form action="/search" method="get" role="search">
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<select id="database">
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<!-- <optgroup label="Recent"><option value="gquery" selected="selected" class="last">All Databases</option></optgroup> -->
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<optgroup>
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<option value="gquery">All Databases</option>
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<option value="assembly">Assembly</option>
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<option value="biocollections">Biocollections</option>
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<option value="bioproject">BioProject</option>
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<option value="biosample">BioSample</option>
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<option value="biosystems">BioSystems</option>
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<option value="books">Books</option>
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<option value="clinvar">ClinVar</option>
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<option value="cdd">Conserved Domains</option>
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<option value="gap">dbGaP</option>
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<option value="dbvar">dbVar</option>
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<option value="gene">Gene</option>
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<option value="genome">Genome</option>
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<option value="gds">GEO DataSets</option>
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<option value="geoprofiles">GEO Profiles</option>
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<option value="homologene">HomoloGene</option>
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<option value="ipg">Identical Protein Groups</option>
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<option value="medgen">MedGen</option>
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<option value="mesh">MeSH</option>
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<option value="ncbisearch">NCBI Web Site</option>
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<option value="nlmcatalog">NLM Catalog</option>
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<option value="nuccore">Nucleotide</option>
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<option value="omim">OMIM</option>
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<option value="pmc">PMC</option>
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<option value="popset">PopSet</option>
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<option value="protein">Protein</option>
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<option value="proteinclusters">Protein Clusters</option>
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<option value="pcassay">PubChem BioAssay</option>
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<option value="pccompound">PubChem Compound</option>
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<option value="pcsubstance">PubChem Substance</option>
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<option value="pubmed">PubMed</option>
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<option value="snp">SNP</option>
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<option value="sra">SRA</option>
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<option value="structure">Structure</option>
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<option value="taxonomy">Taxonomy</option>
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<option value="toolkit">ToolKit</option>
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<option value="toolkitall">ToolKitAll</option>
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<option value="toolkitbook">ToolKitBook</option>
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</optgroup>
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</select>
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<label class="offscreen_noflow left" for="search">Search NCBI</label>
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<div class="searchbar_wrap">
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<input id="search" type="search" name="term" placeholder="Search NCBI" class="search-box" autocapitalize="off" autocorrect="off" autocomplete="off"/>
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<a id="clear" href="#" style="display:none">
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<img src="../../components/ncbi-standards/hf/clear.png" alt="Clear input" width="14" height="14" />
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</a>
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</div>
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<button name="Search"><img class="icon-small" src="../../images/icons/search-white.svg" aria-hidden="true" aria-hidden="true" alt="" />
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<span class="icon-fallback-text">Search Icon</span> Search</button>
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</form>
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</div>
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</div>
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</header>
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<div id="maincontent" class="action_page">
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<h1 class="gray-border large_h1">HTTPS at NCBI: Guidance for Users</h1>
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<div class="right">
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<a href="../../bulletins/downloads/"><button class="button right">Download HTTPS-ready software</button></a>
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<iframe class="right" title="HTTPS - Changes to NCBI Web Protocols" width="560" height="315" style="margin-left: 1em" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Cl1ftn2Cuco" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>
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</div>
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<div class="wiki-content">
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<h2 id="Whatishappening?">What is happening?</h2>
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<p>To improve security and privacy, and <a
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href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2015/06/08/https-everywhere-government"
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class="external-link" rel="nofollow"
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|
>by Federal government mandate</a>, NCBI moved its Web sites to <a
|
|
href="https://https.cio.gov/" class="external-link" rel="nofollow"
|
|
>HTTPS only</a> by September 30, 2016.</p>
|
|
<p>To give software vendors time to respond, that deadline was extended for users of NCBI Web APIs to <strong>November 9, 2016</strong>.</p>
|
|
<p>This document is retained for historical and informational purposes. Advice appearing on this page about HTTPS compliance remains valid.</p>
|
|
<p><strong>If you use NCBI only through a Web browser</strong> (like Safari, Firefox, Chrome, Internet Explorer, Opera, etc.), <strong>this document is not of interest to you.</strong> The only change you should notice after the deadline is that a green lock icon should appear inside the box, and the web addresses of the NCBI pages you visit will start with <code>https://</code>.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<strong>If you maintain software that uses NCBI APIs or accesses NCBI servers through the Web, you should understand and act before the deadline to ensure uninterrupted service.</strong>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>NCBI Web services include APIs such as <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK25501/"
|
|
class="external-link" rel="nofollow">NCBI eutilities</a> and <a
|
|
href="https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi?CMD=Web&PAGE_TYPE=BlastDocs&DOC_TYPE=DeveloperInfo"
|
|
class="external-link" rel="nofollow"
|
|
>BLAST URLAPI</a> that client applications use to access NCBI data. A number of them (though not a comprehensive set) are listed on or linked from our <a
|
|
href="../../develop/api/" class="external-link" rel="nofollow"
|
|
>APIs page</a>.</p>
|
|
<p>Applications that access NCBI web servers using <code>http://</code> URLs, instead of <code>https://</code> URLs, may fail partially or completely after NCBI switches to HTTPS-only.</p>
|
|
<p>This document explains our transition plan, and provides guidance to developers about how to update their applications (scripts, server-side applications like CGIs, browser plugins, etc.), before the switchover, to prevent failure.</p>
|
|
<h2 id="NCBIismovingallwebservicestoHTTPS"
|
|
>NCBI is moving all web services to HTTPS</h2>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<span>The HTTP protocol does not provide encryption, so anyone who can see web traffic between a client (for example, a web browser) and a server can intercept potentially sensitive information, and/or inject malware into users' browsers or operating systems. HTTPS solves this problem. It works just like HTTP, except that traffic is encrypted in both directions, so observers between the client and the server can't intercept or tamper with the requests or responses. It also provides authentication, ensuring that the client is communicating with the intended server given by the hostname, and not some impostor. </span>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
The Federal Office of Management and Budget requires all Federal Web sites to switch to HTTPS-only (meaning, HTTP will be disabled) by December 31, 2016. However, NCBI, being a part of the National Library of Medicine, had an earlier deadline of September 30, 2016.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
All public-facing web pages at NCBI now operate exclusively over https. To give software vendors and their customers more time to update their software, NCBI extended the deadline for
|
|
web service https compliance to November 9, 2016.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<h2 id="Updateyourapplicationsassoonaspossible"
|
|
>Update your applications as soon as possible
|
|
</h2>
|
|
<p>NCBI Web resources are all available now on HTTPS, so you can update your software immediately. </p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<span>To ensure that your applications work before and after the switchover, update them so that URLs for all requests to NCBI servers start with <code>https:</code> instead of <code>http:</code>. For example, if your application searches PubMed using <a
|
|
href="http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/esearch.fcgi"
|
|
class="external-link" rel="nofollow"
|
|
><strong>http:</strong>//eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/esearch.fcgi</a>, update it to use <a
|
|
href="https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/esearch.fcgi"
|
|
class="external-link" rel="nofollow"
|
|
><strong>https:</strong>//eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/esearch.fcgi</a> instead. Please report any problems you encounter to <a
|
|
href="mailto:info@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov" rel="nofollow">info@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</a>.</span>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<span>Many script authors access NCBI services using third-party libraries like biojava, bioperl, biopython, bioruby, etc. In these cases, you may be able to update your application by simply updating the library you use to the most recent version. The table below provides information on versions of libraries we know about that already use HTTPS to interact with NCBI servers.</span>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="table-wrap">
|
|
<table class="jig-ncbigrid">
|
|
<thead>
|
|
<tr >
|
|
<th data-column="d">
|
|
<div>Library</div>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th data-column="1">
|
|
<div>Uses HTTPS for NCBI services?</div>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th data-column="2">
|
|
<div>Compliant Version</div>
|
|
</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</thead>
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>BioJava</td>
|
|
<td>Yes</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<p><a href="https://github.com/biojava/biojava-legacy" class="external-link"
|
|
rel="nofollow">biojava-legacy</a> 1.9.3<br><a
|
|
href="https://github.com/biojava/biojava" class="external-link"
|
|
rel="nofollow">biojava</a> 4.2.4</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>BioPerl</td>
|
|
<td>Yes</td>
|
|
<td><a href="https://metacpan.org/release/BioPerl">BioPerl 1.7</a> (<a href="https://github.com/bioperl/bioperl-live/pull/185"
|
|
class="external-link" rel="nofollow">pull request)</a></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>Biopython</td>
|
|
<td>Yes</td>
|
|
<td><a href="http://biopython.org/wiki/Download" class="external-link"
|
|
rel="nofollow">Biopython 1.67</a> (<a
|
|
href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/biopython/biopython/master/NEWS"
|
|
class="external-link" rel="nofollow">release notes</a>)</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>BioRuby</td>
|
|
<td>Yes</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<a href="http://bioruby.org/archive/bioruby-1.5.1.tar.gz" class="external-link" rel="nofollow">BioRuby 1.5.1</a>
|
|
(<a href="https://github.com/bioruby/bioruby/issues/110" class="external-link" rel="nofollow">github issue</a>,)
|
|
(<a href="http://bioruby.org/rdoc/RELEASE_NOTES_rdoc.html" class="external-link" rel="nofollow">release notes</a>)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>biogo</td>
|
|
<td>Yes</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<a href="https://github.com/biogo/ncbi" class="external-link" rel="nofollow"
|
|
>most recent HEAD revision of master branch</a>
|
|
(<a href="https://github.com/biogo/ncbi/issues/3" class="external-link" rel="nofollow">github issue</a>)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>reutils (R)</td>
|
|
<td>Yes</td>
|
|
<td>0.2.3, see <a href="https://github.com/gschofl/reutils">https://github.com/gschofl/reutils</a>
|
|
(<a href="https://github.com/gschofl/reutils/issues/7">github issue</a>)</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<span>Once you have updated and tested your application, it will continue to work as before, and no other action is required. This is the best option for scripts, CGIs, and other Web client software for which you have the source code and the ability to update it and deploy a new release before the deadline.</span>
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<h2>After November 9, 2016, NCBI HTTP servers will redirect or reject all HTTP requests.</h2>
|
|
<p>All interactive web traffic to NCBI servers has been successfully moved to HTTPS. After the switchover date, November 9, 2016, requests to web services such as eutilities and BLAST URLAPI will also begin redirecting http requests to https.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<span>If you do not update your application before the switchover date, these redirects from NCBI HTTP servers <em>may</em> buy you time to make the updates later.</span>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>After November 9, 2016, all traffic from NCBI HTTP servers, including Web services, will:</p>
|
|
<ol>
|
|
<li>respond with a server-side redirect (<code>HTTP 301 Moved permanently</code>) to the corresponding URL on HTTPS, <em>only</em> for <code>HTTP GET</code> and <code>HEAD</code> requests;
|
|
<li>respond with <code>HTTP 403 Forbidden </code>and an error message, to all requests other than <code>GET</code> and <code>HEAD</code> (including and especially <code>HTTP POST</code>);
|
|
<li>include in every HTTPS response an <a
|
|
href="https://www.owasp.org/index.php/HTTP_Strict_Transport_Security_Cheat_Sheet"
|
|
class="external-link" rel="nofollow">HTTP Strict Transport Security</a> (HSTS) header, which instructs browsers to automatically communicate thereafter only with HTTPS on that domain. (HSTS applies only to browsers, though other Web clients like scripts are free to implement it.) The HSTS header has a 1-year expiration date.
|
|
|
|
<li>include in every HTTPS response the header <code>Content-Security-Policy: upgrade-insecure-requests</code>, which causes most browsers to automatically upgrade
|
|
<code>http://</code> links to <code>https://</code>, automatically avoiding most mixed content problems.
|
|
</ol>
|
|
<p>
|
|
After switchover, the HTTP redirects will remain in place for an as-yet undetermined period, but at least until the Federal deadline of December 31, 2016.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<h2>After switchover, applications that access NCBI APIs using HTTP may fail</h2>
|
|
<p>After the switchover date, applications that still try to access NCBI via HTTP (i.e., on port 80) may fail for a few possible reasons:</p>
|
|
<ol>
|
|
<li><em>Your programming environment's HTTP facility does not automatically follow redirects from HTTP to HTTPS.</em> Some libraries follow redirections from HTTP to HTTPS; others do not. Java's <code>URLConnection</code>, for example, <a
|
|
href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/technotes/guides/deployment/deployment-guide/upgrade-guide/article-17.html"
|
|
class="external-link" rel="nofollow"
|
|
>does not automatically follow HTTP-to-HTTPS redirects by design</a>, even for safe methods like <code>GET</code> and <code>HEAD</code>.
|
|
<li><em>Your application uses HTTP verbs other than GET and HEAD. </em>All other HTTP requests (including especially <code>POST</code> and <code>PUT</code> requests) to HTTP URLs at NCBI will fail unconditionally (with <code>HTTP 403 Forbidden)</code> after the switchover date.
|
|
<li><em>Your application access NCBI resources through a proxy.</em> Some organizations use proxy servers to access the NCBI web site. These proxy servers must communicate with NCBI using https, which means they need valid certificates. If your application access NCBI through a proxy, check with the proxy vendor about https support and how to add or update certificates.
|
|
<li>
|
|
<em>Your programming environment does not support HTTPS.</em>
|
|
|
|
</ol>
|
|
<p>In any of these cases, if the application does not work with https, the only solution is to update your all NCBI URLs to use HTTPS exclusively.</p>
|
|
|
|
<h2 id="exeptions">Some requests will be temporarily exempt from redirection</h2>
|
|
<p>
|
|
For various technical reasons, certain requests will be temporarily exempt from redirection.
|
|
Once the underlying technical issue is resolved, the exemption will be lifted, and redirection will
|
|
begin without further public warning.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
The following http requests will be temporarily exempt from redirection:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>Requests with request-uri matching the regular expression <code>\.(xsd|xml|dtd|ent)$</code>
|
|
<li>Requests to the hosts <code>dtd.nlm.nih.gov</code> and <code>jats.nlm.nih.gov</code>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
<h2 id="redirects">Redirects will be maintained indefinitely</h2>
|
|
|
|
<p>All public NCBI servers are already enabled for HTTPS, so you can update your application to use HTTPS now, and test it on our live servers. Once you have updated to HTTPS, no further action is required. Please send questions or report problems to <a
|
|
href="mailto:info@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov" class="external-link" rel="nofollow"
|
|
>info@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</a>.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>In keeping with current US Federal Government policy, NCBI
|
|
intends to maintain these redirects on public servers
|
|
indefinitely. Nevertheless, it is to your advantage to update you
|
|
applications to use https only as soon as possible, both for
|
|
performance and security reasons.</p>
|
|
|
|
<h2 id="referrers">About Referrers</h2>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
A "referrer" is an HTTP header, <code>HTTP_REFERER</code> [sic],
|
|
that contains the address of the webpage that linked to the page
|
|
being retrieved. Some websites analyze referrers to better
|
|
understand their incoming web traffic; for example, to find out
|
|
what percentage of their traffic comes from a particular search
|
|
engine. But third-party websites can also use referrer information
|
|
to discover information about individual users,
|
|
such as their search terms and the pages they have visited.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
Because of this privacy concern, NCBI's website tells web
|
|
browsers to limit the referrer to just the scheme and domain
|
|
name (e.g., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov), and to omit the
|
|
request URI and query string. This limitation is enforced
|
|
by the <code>Referrer-Policy</code> HTTP header and the
|
|
<code><meta name="referrer"></code> meta tag. Limiting the
|
|
referrer to just the scheme and domain name
|
|
balances the user's right to privacy with website
|
|
owners' need to understand their web traffic. See
|
|
<a href="https://moz.com/blog/meta-referrer-tag">The Meta
|
|
Referrer Tag: An Advancement for SEO and the Internet</a>
|
|
for a detailed description of the problem and the solution.
|
|
<p>
|
|
This policy follows official cio.gov guidance on referrers;
|
|
see <a href="http://bit.ly/gov-https-referrer">http://bit.ly/gov-https-referrer</a>
|
|
for details.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h2 id="more">For more information</h2>
|
|
<p>For more on the US Federal government HTTPS-only initiative, see <a
|
|
href="https://https.cio.gov" class="external-link" rel="nofollow"
|
|
>https://https.cio.gov</a>.</p>
|
|
<p>For questions, comments, or problems, contact the NCBI service desk at <a
|
|
href="mailto:info@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov" class="external-link" rel="nofollow"
|
|
>info@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</a>.</p>
|
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<p> </p>
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<p> </p>
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