110 lines
5.9 KiB
HTML
110 lines
5.9 KiB
HTML
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<title>History of the SNFG - NCBI</title>
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<p><a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/">PubChem</a> | <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/glycans/">Glycans | <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/glycans/snfg.html">Symbol Nomenclature for Glycans (SNFG)</a></p>
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<h1 id="History">History of the SNFG</h1>
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<p>Issues regarding nomenclature are more controversial than scientific ones, as
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there is never one correct answer, and some aspects are matters of opinion and
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taste. In 1978, Kornfeld presented a system for symbolic representation of
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vertebrate glycans, which enjoyed popular use and was eventually adopted and
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standardized for the first edition of the <i>Essentials of
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Glycobiology </i>textbook (1999). While this adoption increased
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usage, the system had limitations and did not use color. Anticipating a second
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edition, the editors updated the nomenclature and made it available to the
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community in 2004 before publication. This was widely adopted and disseminated,
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especially by the NIGMS-funded Consortium for Functional Glycomics (thus
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sometimes being referred to as the "CFG Nomenclature"). After final publication
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of the Second Edition in 2009, acceptance by the community remained incomplete,
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and individual variations began to appear. Anticipating a third edition, a
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reorganized group of <i>Essentials</i> editors
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(supported by the NHLBI-funded Programs of Excellence in Glycoscience) further
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refined and updated the symbol nomenclature, this time reaching beyond
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vertebrate glycans and considering input from others using related systems. The
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editors also coordinated with the IUPAC Carbohydrate Nomenclature committee,
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linked each monosaccharide symbol to the corresponding entry in PubChem at
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NCBI/NLM, and initiated coordination with other long-term online resources. The
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system became an online advance Appendix to the Third Edition of <i>Essentials</i>.
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New symbols were added, but to ensure compatibility with prior publications, no
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changes were made to symbols in the Second Edition. For this historical reason,
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chemical features and configurations associated with shapes and colors are
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internally consistent only for some monosaccharides. For example, many of the
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nonulosonates do not conform to the stereochemical features otherwise
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represented in specified columns. Symbol colors are specified in CMYK and RGB
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settings. Linkages can be shown as in the Second Edition system using IUPAC
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style, with the originating carbon assumed, and hyphens (not commas) used as an
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option. The Oxford system of angled monosaccharide linkages with embedded
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specificity and anomericity can also be used.</p>
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<p>Realizing the need for a standard acronym, the <i>Essentials </i>editors
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suggested SNFG: Symbol Nomenclature For Glycans. This generic name recognizes
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the fact that while the update arose from the editors need to standardize a
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previous system for the textbook, many others eventually contributed towards its
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final creation. The system thus belongs to the community. Accordingly, a broadly
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representative SNFG Discussion Group now works with the NCBI on periodic
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updates. The system is widely accepted in the literature and adopted by many
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major journals. The efforts of the SNFG represent another step towards
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mainstreaming glycan bioinformatics. This is a critical step to complete the
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description of the molecular and cellular features of all living systems.</p>
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<p>Following the initial release in 2015, the SNFG discussion group has worked with the NCBI
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and PubChem to generate the <a href="snfg.html#Updates">Updates</a> as shown here.</p>
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