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<h2>How to uncompress *.gz and *.Z files</h2>
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<!-- ==================== CONTENTS ===================== -->
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<table BORDER="0" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="3" WIDTH="460" BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF">
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Files available from the NCBI anonymous FTP site have been compressed using
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the <b>"gzip" program</b> (and have the extension <b>*.gz</b>), or the <b>UNIX "compress" program</b> (and have the extension <b>*.Z</b>). This document describes how both file types can be uncompressed.
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<ol>
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<li><a href="#gz">uncompress *.gz files</a>
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<li><a href="#Z">uncompress *.Z files</a>
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<ol>
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<li><a href="#unix">UNIX</a>
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<li><a href="#pc">PC</a>
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<li><a href="#mac">MAC</a>
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</ol>
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<li><a href="#compression_newsgroup">compression newsgroup FAQs</a>
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</ol>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</p>
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<!-- ==================== END_CONTENTS ===================== -->
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<!-- ======================= gz_FILES ======================== -->
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<a NAME="gz"></a>
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<table BORDER="0" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="3" WIDTH="460" >
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<tr>
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<td WIDTH="440" BGCOLOR="#CCCCFF" class="H3"><img src="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/bluebullet.gif" width="16" height="14" border="0">Uncompress *.gz files</td>
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<td WIDTH="20" BGCOLOR="#CCCCFF" VALIGN="top">
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<a href="#Top"><img SRC="arrowup.gif" border="0" width="14" height="14" ALT="back to top"></a></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</p>
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<!-- ------------- END_BLUE_HEADER ---------------- -->
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<table BORDER="0" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="3" WIDTH="460" BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF">
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<tr>
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<td>
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As announced via the GenBank newsgroup on June 15, 2000, NCBI now uses the
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<b>gzip compression utility</b> instead of the Unix "compress" utility for all
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GenBank files, starting with GenBank Release 119.0.</p>
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Comparisons of gzip to compress for simplistic sequence data (e.g., EST, GSS, STS) yielded an additional 50% reduction in the size of a compressed file. Given that ESTs and GSS sequences comprise a huge portion of the
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GenBank data NCBI distributes, switching to gzip saves a great deal
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of disk space, and reduces the amount of bandwidth utilized by those who
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ftp GenBank files.</p>
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As a result of the switch to gzip, file naming conventions have changed.
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The suffix of compressed GenBank data files was previously ".Z" . After the
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switch, the suffix became ".gz" .</p>
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The gzip utility is used to compress various other data on the ftp site as well.</p>
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If you are unsure about the availability of gzip for your platform, please
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contact your system administrator. If you find that the utility is not
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installed, <b>one possible place for obtaining gzip is</b>:</p>
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<SPACER TYPE=horizontal SIZE="50"><b><a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/gzip/gzip.html">http://www.gnu.org/software/gzip/gzip.html</a></b>
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</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</p>
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<!-- ======================= END_gz_FILES ====================== -->
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<!-- ======================= Z_FILES ======================== -->
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<a NAME="Z"></a>
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<table BORDER="0" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="3" WIDTH="460" >
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<tr>
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<td WIDTH="440" BGCOLOR="#CCCCFF" class="H3"><img src="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/bluebullet.gif" width="16" height="14" border="0">Uncompress *.Z files</td>
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<td WIDTH="20" BGCOLOR="#CCCCFF" VALIGN="top">
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<a href="#Top"><img SRC="arrowup.gif" border="0" width="14" height="14" ALT="back to top"></a></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</p>
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<!-- ------------- END_BLUE_HEADER ---------------- -->
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<table BORDER="0" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="3" WIDTH="460" BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF">
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<tr>
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<td>
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Files with a *.Z extension have been compressed by the <b>UNIX "compress" program</b>. Those files can be handled with the <b><a href="#unix">Unix</a> "uncompress" program</b>, or programs such as the <a href="#pc">PC</a> and <a href="#mac">Mac</a> utilities described below. </p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</p>
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<!-- ======================= END_Z_FILES ====================== -->
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<!-- ======================= UNIX ======================== -->
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<a NAME="unix"></a>
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<table BORDER="0" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="3" WIDTH="400" >
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<tr>
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<td WIDTH="380" BGCOLOR="#FFFFCC" class="H3">UNIX</td>
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<td WIDTH="20" BGCOLOR="#FFFFCC" VALIGN="top">
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<a href="#Top"><img SRC="arrowup.gif" border="0" width="14" height="14" ALT="back to top"></a></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</p>
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<!-- ------------- END_BLUE_HEADER ---------------- -->
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<table BORDER="0" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="3" WIDTH="460" BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF">
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<tr>
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<td>
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If you are using a UNIX workstation, use the <b>uncompress</b> program to expand the files to their original state.</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</p>
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<!-- ======================= END_UNIX ====================== -->
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<!-- ======================= PC ======================== -->
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<a NAME="pc"></a>
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<table BORDER="0" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="3" WIDTH="400" >
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<tr>
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<td WIDTH="380" BGCOLOR="#FFFFCC" class="H3">PC</td>
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<td WIDTH="20" BGCOLOR="#FFFFCC" VALIGN="top">
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<a href="#Top"><img SRC="arrowup.gif" border="0" width="14" height="14" ALT="back to top"></a></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</p>
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<!-- ------------- END_BLUE_HEADER ---------------- -->
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<table BORDER="0" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="3" WIDTH="460" BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF">
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<tr>
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<td>
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If you are using a PC, you will need two programs
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(pkunzip & comp430d.zip) in order to uncompress a *.Z file.</p>
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If you do not already have the pkunzip program on your PC,
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please contact your systems administrator to obtain it,
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or search the Net to find a Web site from which you can
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download that program.</p>
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The "comp430d.zip" freeware program is available from
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the "pub/dab" directory the NCBI anonymous FTP site
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(<a href="ftp://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov/pub/dab/">ftp://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov/pub/dab/</a>). It allows you to decompresses Unix ".Z" files under DOS. </p>
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Once you download the "comp430d.zip" file, follow these steps:</p>
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<ol>
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<li>Run the "pkunzip" program to unzip "comp430d.zip."<br>
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Use the command:<br>
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pkunzip -d comp430d.zip </p>
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<li>Rename the "comp430d.exe" file to "compress.exe" with the
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following command: <br>
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ren comp430d.exe compress.exe </p>
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<li>Copy the "compress.exe" to "uncomp.exe" using the following command:<br>
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copy compress.exe uncomp.exe </p>
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<li>run the uncompress program: <br>
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uncomp.exe <filename> <br>
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E.g., uncomp.exe omim.txt.Z </p>
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Or, you can leave off the ".exe" portion and simply type the command:<br>
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uncomp <filename> <br>
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E.g., uncomp omim.txt.Z
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</ol>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</p>
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<!-- ======================= END_PC ====================== -->
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<!-- ======================= MAC ======================== -->
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<a NAME="mac"></a>
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<table BORDER="0" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="3" WIDTH="400" >
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<tr>
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<td WIDTH="380" BGCOLOR="#FFFFCC" class="H3">MAC</td>
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<td WIDTH="20" BGCOLOR="#FFFFCC" VALIGN="top">
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<a href="#Top"><img SRC="arrowup.gif" border="0" width="14" height="14" ALT="back to top"></a></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</p>
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<!-- ------------- END_BLUE_HEADER ---------------- -->
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<table BORDER="0" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="3" WIDTH="460" BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF">
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<tr>
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<td>
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If you are using a Mac, you can search the Web to find sites
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that have a program such as "MacCompress," which handles files that
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have been prepared with the Unix compress program.</p>
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One example web site that provides information about various Mac compression/uncompression programs is:
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<ul><li>MIT Laboratory for Computer Science, Mirror site of the Info-Mac Archive <br>
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<a href="http://hyperarchive.lcs.mit.edu/HyperArchive.html">http://hyperarchive.lcs.mit.edu/HyperArchive.html</a> </p>
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</ul>
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A search of the web for terms such as "Mac" and "compress" will find other sites as well.</p>
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The Apple home page (<a href="http://www.apple.com/">http://www.apple.com/</a>) and the Apple Support page (<a href="http://www.apple.com/support/">http://www.apple.com/support/</a>) might also provide information about compression and uncompression of various file types on the Mac.</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</p>
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<!-- ============================= END_MAC ============================ -->
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<!-- ================ COMPRESSION_NEWSGROUP_FAQS ============= -->
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<a NAME="compression_newsgroup"></a>
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<table BORDER="0" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="3" WIDTH="460" >
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<tr>
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<td WIDTH="440" BGCOLOR="#CCCCFF" class="H3"><img src="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/bluebullet.gif" width="16" height="14" border="0">Compression Newsgroup FAQs</td>
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<td WIDTH="20" BGCOLOR="#CCCCFF" VALIGN="top">
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<a href="#Top"><img SRC="arrowup.gif" border="0" width="14" height="14" ALT="back to top"></a></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</p>
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<!-- ------------- END_BLUE_HEADER ---------------- -->
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<table BORDER="0" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="3" WIDTH="460" BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF">
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<tr>
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<td>
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You can find additional information about compression/uncompression utilities on the Compression Newsgroup. They provide an archive of Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) at:</p>
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<SPACER TYPE=horizontal SIZE="50"><a href="http://www.faqs.org/faqs/compression-faq/">http://www.faqs.org/faqs/compression-faq/</a></p>
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You might also search the web to find sites that provide compression/uncompression software for various platforms.
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</p>
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<!-- =========== END_COMPRESSION_NEWSGROUP_FAQS ============ -->
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<p><i><FONT size="2">Revised June 3, 2002</FONT></i><br>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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