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<title>NIH Definition of Clinical Trial Case Studies | Grants &amp; Funding</title>
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<h1><strong><span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">NIH Definition of Clinical Trial Case Studies</span>
</strong></h1>
</div>
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<div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-scope-note field--type-text-long field--label-visually_hidden">
<div class="field__label visually-hidden">Scope Note</div>
<div class="field__item"><p>The case studies provided below are designed to help you identify whether your study would be considered by NIH to be a clinical trial. Expect the case studies and related guidance to evolve over the upcoming year. For continuity and ease of reference, case studies will retain their original numbering and will not be renumbered if cases are revised or removed.</p></div>
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<p>The simplified case studies apply the following four questions to determine whether NIH would consider the research
study to be a clinical trial:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Does the study involve human participants?</strong></li>
<li><strong>Are the participants prospectively assigned to an intervention?</strong></li>
<li><strong>Is the study designed to evaluate the effect of the intervention on the participants?</strong></li>
<li><strong>Is the effect being evaluated a health-related biomedical or behavioral outcome?</strong></li>
</ul>
<p>If the answer to all four questions is “yes,” then the clinical study would be considered a clinical trial according
to the NIH definition.</p>
<br />
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<h3>General Case Studies</h3>
<small>Updated: 4/28/2021</small>
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<div class="card" data-filter="drug mechanistic">
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="case1">
<a role="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse1" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapse1"
class="collapsed">
<div class="fancyHeadings">
<strong>Case #1</strong>
<p>The study involves the recruitment of research participants who are randomized to receive one of
two approved drugs. It is designed to compare the effects of the drugs on the blood level of a
protein.</p>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="collapse1" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="case1"
aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px">
<div class="card-body">
<ul>
<li><strong>Does the study involve human participants?</strong> Yes, the study involves human
participants.</li>
<li><strong>Are the participants prospectively assigned to an intervention?</strong> Yes, the
participants are prospectively assigned to receive an intervention, one of two drugs.</li>
<li><strong>Is the study designed to evaluate the effect of the intervention on the
participants?</strong> Yes, the study is designed to evaluate the effect of the drugs on the
level of the protein in the participants blood.</li>
<li><strong>Is the effect being evaluated a health-related biomedical or behavioral
outcome?</strong> Yes, the effect being evaluated, the level of a protein, is a
health-related biomedical outcome.</li>
</ul>
<div class="flexedBetween">
<div class="flexedBetween" style="margin-right: 20px">
<i class="fas fa-check-circle text-success" style="font-size: 1.5em; margin-right: 10px"></i>
<span class="text-success">This study is a clinical trial.</span>
</div>
<small>Keyword(s): Drug, Mechanistic</small>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card" data-filter="drug mechanistic">
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="case2">
<a role="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse2" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapse2"
class="collapsed">
<div class="fancyHeadings">
<strong>Case #2</strong>
<p>The study involves the recruitment of research participants with condition Y to receive a drug
that has been approved for another indication. It is designed to measure the drugs effects on
the level of a biomarker associated with the severity of condition Y.</p>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="collapse2" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="case2"
aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px">
<div class="card-body">
<ul>
<li><strong>Does the study involve human participants?</strong> Yes, the study involves human
participants.</li>
<li><strong>Are the participants prospectively assigned to an intervention?</strong> Yes, the
participants are prospectively assigned to receive an intervention, the approved drug.</li>
<li><strong>Is the study designed to evaluate the effect of the intervention on the
participants?</strong> Yes, the study is designed to evaluate the drugs effect on the level
of the biomarker.</li>
<li><strong>Is the effect being evaluated a health-related biomedical or behavioral
outcome?</strong> Yes, the effect being evaluated, the level of a biomarker, is a
health-related biomedical outcome.</li>
</ul>
<div class="flexedBetween">
<div class="flexedBetween" style="margin-right: 20px">
<i class="fas fa-check-circle text-success" style="font-size: 1.5em; margin-right: 10px"></i>
<span class="text-success">This study is a clinical trial.</span>
</div>
<small>Keyword(s): Drug, Mechanistic</small>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card" data-filter="drug mechanistic">
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="case3">
<a role="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse3" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapse3"
class="collapsed">
<div class="fancyHeadings">
<strong>Case #3</strong>
<p>The study involves the recruitment of research participants with condition X to receive
investigational compound A. It is designed to assess the pharmacokinetic properties of compound
A.</p>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="collapse3" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="case3"
aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px">
<div class="card-body">
<ul>
<li><strong>Does the study involve human participants?</strong> Yes, the study involves human
participants.</li>
<li><strong>Are the participants prospectively assigned to an intervention?</strong> Yes, the
participants are prospectively assigned to receive an intervention, compound A.</li>
<li><strong>Is the study designed to evaluate the effect of the intervention on the
participants?</strong> Yes, the study is designed to evaluate how the body interacts with
compound A</li>
<li><strong>Is the effect being evaluated a health-related biomedical or behavioral
outcome?</strong> Yes, the effect being evaluated, pharmacokinetic properties, is a
health-related biomedical outcome.</li>
</ul>
<div class="flexedBetween">
<div class="flexedBetween" style="margin-right: 20px">
<i class="fas fa-check-circle text-success" style="font-size: 1.5em; margin-right: 10px"></i>
<span class="text-success">This study is a clinical trial.</span>
</div>
<small>Keyword(s): Drug, Mechanistic</small>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card" data-filter="drug">
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="case4a">
<a role="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse4a" aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="collapse4a" class="collapsed">
<div class="fancyHeadings">
<strong>Case #4a</strong>
<p>The study involves the recruitment of research participants with disease X to receive an
investigational drug. It is designed to assess safety and determine the maximum tolerated dose
of the drug.</p>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="collapse4a" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="case4a"
aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px">
<div class="card-body">
<ul>
<li><strong>Does the study involve human participants?</strong> Yes, the study involves human
participants.</li>
<li><strong>Are the participants prospectively assigned to an intervention?</strong> Yes, the
participants are prospectively assigned to receive an intervention, the investigational drug.
</li>
<li><strong>Is the study designed to evaluate the effect of the intervention on the
participants?</strong> Yes, the study is designed to assess safety and determine the maximum
tolerated dose of the investigational drug.</li>
<li><strong>Is the effect being evaluated a health-related biomedical or behavioral
outcome?</strong> Yes, the effect being evaluated, safety and maximum tolerated dose, is a
health-related biomedical outcome.</li>
</ul>
<div class="flexedBetween">
<div class="flexedBetween" style="margin-right: 20px">
<i class="fas fa-check-circle text-success" style="font-size: 1.5em; margin-right: 10px"></i>
<span class="text-success">This study is a clinical trial.</span>
</div>
<small>Keyword(s): Drug</small>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card" data-filter="clinicalcare">
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="case4b">
<a role="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse4b" aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="collapse4b" class="collapsed">
<div class="fancyHeadings">
<strong>Case #4b</strong>
<p>The study involves the recruitment of research participants with disease X to receive a chronic
disease management program. It is designed to assess usability and to determine the maximum
tolerated dose of the chronic disease program (e.g., how many in-person and telemedicine visits
with adequate adherence).</p>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="collapse4b" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="case4b"
aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px">
<div class="card-body">
<ul>
<li><strong>Does the study involve human participants?</strong> Yes, the study involves human
participants.</li>
<li><strong>Are the participants prospectively assigned to an intervention?</strong> Yes, the
participants are prospectively assigned to receive an intervention, the chronic disease
management program.</li>
<li><strong>Is the study designed to evaluate the effect of the intervention on the
participants?</strong> Yes, the study is designed to determine the maximum tolerated dose of
the program to obtain adequate adherence.</li>
<li><strong>Is the effect being evaluated a health-related biomedical or behavioral
outcome?</strong> Yes, the effect being evaluated, tolerable intensity and adequate
adherence of the intervention, is a health-related outcome.</li>
</ul>
<div class="flexedBetween">
<div class="flexedBetween" style="margin-right: 20px">
<i class="fas fa-check-circle text-success" style="font-size: 1.5em; margin-right: 10px"></i>
<span class="text-success">This study is a clinical trial.</span>
</div>
<small>Keyword(s): Clinical Care</small>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card" data-filter="drug">
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="case5">
<a role="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse5" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapse5"
class="collapsed">
<div class="fancyHeadings">
<strong>Case #5</strong>
<p>The study involves the recruitment of research participants with disease X to receive either an
investigational drug or a placebo. It is designed to evaluate the efficacy of the
investigational drug to relieve disease symptoms.</p>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="collapse5" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="case5"
aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px">
<div class="card-body">
<ul>
<li><strong>Does the study involve human participants?</strong> Yes, the study involves human
participants.</li>
<li><strong>Are the participants prospectively assigned to an intervention?</strong> Yes, the
participants are prospectively assigned to receive an intervention, the investigational drug or
placebo.</li>
<li><strong>Is the study designed to evaluate the effect of the intervention on the
participants?</strong> Yes, the study is designed to evaluate the effect of the
investigational drug on the participants symptoms.</li>
<li><strong>Is the effect being evaluated a health-related biomedical or behavioral
outcome?</strong> Yes, the effect being evaluated, relief of symptoms, is a health-related
outcome.</li>
</ul>
<div class="flexedBetween">
<div class="flexedBetween" style="margin-right: 20px">
<i class="fas fa-check-circle text-success" style="font-size: 1.5em; margin-right: 10px"></i>
<span class="text-success">This study is a clinical trial.</span>
</div>
<small>Keyword(s): Drug</small>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card" data-filter="drug">
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="case6">
<a role="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse6" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapse6"
class="collapsed">
<div class="fancyHeadings">
<strong>Case #6</strong>
<p>The study involves the recruitment of research participants with disease X to receive an
investigational drug. It is designed to assess whether there is a change in disease progression
compared to baseline. There is no concurrent control used in this study.</p>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="collapse6" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="case6"
aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px">
<div class="card-body">
<ul>
<li><strong>Does the study involve human participants?</strong> Yes, the study involves human
participants.</li>
<li><strong>Are the participants prospectively assigned to an intervention?</strong> Yes, the
participants are prospectively assigned to receive an intervention, the investigational drug.
</li>
<li><strong>Is the study designed to evaluate the effect of the intervention on the
participants?</strong> Yes, the study is designed to evaluate the effect of the
investigational drug on the subjects disease progression.</li>
<li><strong>Is the effect being evaluated a health-related biomedical or behavioral
outcome?</strong> Yes, the effect being evaluated, disease progression, is a health-related
outcome.</li>
</ul>
<div class="flexedBetween">
<div class="flexedBetween" style="margin-right: 20px">
<i class="fas fa-check-circle text-success" style="font-size: 1.5em; margin-right: 10px"></i>
<span class="text-success">This study is a clinical trial.</span>
</div>
<small>Keyword(s): Drug</small>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card" data-filter="device">
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="case7a">
<a role="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse7a" aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="collapse7a" class="collapsed">
<div class="fancyHeadings">
<strong>Case #7a</strong>
<p>The study involves the recruitment of research participants with disease X to test an
investigational in vitro diagnostic device (IVD). It is designed to evaluate the ability of the
device to measure the level of an antibody in blood.</p>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="collapse7a" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="case7a"
aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px">
<div class="card-body">
<ul>
<li><strong>Does the study involve human participants?</strong> Yes, the study involves human
participants.</li>
<li><strong>Are the participants prospectively assigned to an intervention?</strong> No, in this
context the IVD would not be considered an intervention. The IVD is being used to test its
ability to measure antibody levels, but not to test its effects on any health-related biomedical
or behavioral outcomes.&nbsp;</li>
</ul>
<div class="flexedBetween">
<div class="flexedBetween" style="margin-right: 20px">
<i class="fas fa-times-circle text-danger" style="font-size: 1.5em; margin-right: 10px"></i>
<span class="text-danger">This study is not a clinical trial.</span>
</div>
<small>Keyword(s): Device</small>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card" data-filter="device clinicalcare">
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="case7b">
<a role="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse7b" aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="collapse7b" class="collapsed">
<div class="fancyHeadings">
<strong>Case #7b</strong>
<p>The study involves the recruitment of research participants with disease X to be evaluated with
an investigational in vitro diagnostic device (IVD). The study is designed to evaluate how
knowledge of certain antibody levels impacts clinical management of disease.</p>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="collapse7b" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="case7b"
aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px">
<div class="card-body">
<ul>
<li><strong>Does the study involve human participants?</strong> Yes, the study involves human
participants.</li>
<li><strong>Are the participants prospectively assigned to an intervention?</strong> Yes, the
participants are prospectively assigned to an intervention, measurement of an antibody level,
with the idea that knowledge of that antibody level might affect clinical management.</li>
<li><strong>Is the study designed to evaluate the effect of the intervention on the
participants?</strong> Yes, the study is designed to evaluate how knowledge of the level of
an antibody might inform treatment.</li>
<li><strong>Is the effect being evaluated a health-related biomedical or behavioral
outcome?</strong> Yes, the effect being measured, how blood antibody levels inform
treatment, is a health-related outcome.</li>
</ul>
<div class="flexedBetween">
<div class="flexedBetween" style="margin-right: 20px">
<i class="fas fa-check-circle text-success" style="font-size: 1.5em; margin-right: 10px"></i>
<span class="text-success">This study is a clinical trial.</span>
</div>
<small>Keyword(s): Device, Clinical Care</small>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div data-ds-id="j2tmke3n" class="alert alert-warning border-0 border-start border-7 border-warning d-flex"
role="alert">
<i class="bi bi-exclamation-triangle-fill me-3 h4"></i>
<div>
<strong>Case #8 Update</strong><br />
As of April 28, 2021 <strong>case #8</strong> has been removed. Please refer to cases #7, #46 for related examples.
</div>
</div>
<div class="card" data-filter="behavioral mechanistic besh">
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="case9">
<a role="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse9" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapse9"
class="collapsed">
<div class="fancyHeadings">
<strong>Case #9</strong>
<p>The study involves the recruitment of healthy volunteers who will be randomized to different
durations of sleep deprivation (including no sleep deprivation as a control) and who will have
stress hormone levels measured. It is designed to determine whether the levels of stress
hormones in blood rise in response to different durations of sleep deprivation.</p>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="collapse9" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="case9"
aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px">
<div class="card-body">
<ul>
<li><strong>Does the study involve human participants?</strong> Yes, the healthy volunteers are
human participants.</li>
<li><strong>Are the participants prospectively assigned to an intervention?</strong> Yes, the
participants are prospectively assigned to an intervention, different durations of sleep
deprivation followed by a blood draw.</li>
<li><strong>Is the study designed to evaluate the effect of the intervention on the
participants?</strong> Yes, the study is designed to measure the effect of different
durations of sleep deprivation on stress hormone levels.</li>
<li><strong>Is the effect being evaluated a health-related biomedical or behavioral
outcome?</strong> Yes, the effect being evaluated, stress hormone levels, is a
health-related biomedical outcome.</li>
</ul>
<div class="flexedBetween">
<div class="flexedBetween" style="margin-right: 20px">
<i class="fas fa-check-circle text-success" style="font-size: 1.5em; margin-right: 10px"></i>
<span class="text-success">This is a basic experimental study involving humans.</span>
</div>
<small>Keyword(s): Behavioral, Mechanistic, Basic Experimental Study Involving Humans (BESH)</small>
</div>
<br /><br />
<i>* Basic Experimental Studies involving Humans (BESH) use an intervention to understand fundamental
aspects of phenomena. These studies are subject to NIH stewardship policies including Good Clinical
Practice Training and the NIH Policy on Dissemination of NIH-Funded Clinical Trial information. For
more information, see our
<a href="/policy-and-compliance/policy-topics/clinical-trials/besh">BESH webpage</a>.</i>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card" data-filter="drug biospecimens observational">
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="case10a">
<a role="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse10a" aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="collapse10a" class="collapsed">
<div class="fancyHeadings">
<strong>Case #10a</strong>
<p>The study involves the analysis of de-identified, stored blood samples and de-identified medical
records of patients with disease X who were treated with an approved drug. The study is designed
to evaluate the level of a protein in the blood of patients that is associated with therapeutic
effects of the drug.</p>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="collapse10a" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="case10a"
aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px">
<div class="card-body">
<ul>
<li><strong>Does the study involve human participants?</strong> No, the study does not involve human
participants because only de-identified samples and information are used.</li>
</ul>
<div class="flexedBetween">
<div class="flexedBetween" style="margin-right: 20px">
<i class="fas fa-times-circle text-danger" style="font-size: 1.5em; margin-right: 10px"></i>
<span class="text-danger">This study is not a clinical trial.</span>
</div>
<small>Keyword(s): Drug, Biospecimans, Observational</small>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card" data-filter="drug biospecimens observational">
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="case10b">
<a role="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse10b" aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="collapse10b" class="collapsed">
<div class="fancyHeadings">
<strong>Case #10b</strong>
<p>The study involves the analysis of identifiable, stored blood samples and identified medical
records of patients with disease X who were treated with an approved drug. The study is designed
to evaluate the level of a protein in the blood of patients that is associated with therapeutic
effects of the drug.</p>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="collapse10b" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="case10b"
aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px">
<div class="card-body">
<ul>
<li><strong>Does the study involve human participants?</strong> Yes, patients are human participants
because the blood and information are identifiable.</li>
<li><strong>Are the participants prospectively assigned to an intervention?</strong> No, secondary
research with biospecimens or health information is not a clinical trial.</li>
</ul>
<div class="flexedBetween">
<div class="flexedBetween" style="margin-right: 20px">
<i class="fas fa-times-circle text-danger" style="font-size: 1.5em; margin-right: 10px"></i>
<span class="text-danger">This study is not a clinical trial.</span>
</div>
<small>Keyword(s): Drug, Biospecimans, Observational</small>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card" data-filter="observational">
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="case11">
<a role="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse11" aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="collapse11" class="collapsed">
<div class="fancyHeadings">
<strong>Case #11</strong>
<p>The study involves the recruitment of a healthy volunteers whose blood is drawn for genomic
analysis. It is designed to identify the prevalence of a genetic mutation in the cohort and
evaluate potential association between the presence of the mutation and the risk of developing a
genetic disorder.</p>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="collapse11" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="case11"
aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px">
<div class="card-body">
<ul>
<li><strong>Does the study involve human participants?</strong> Yes, the healthy volunteers are
human participants.</li>
<li><strong>Are the participants prospectively assigned to an intervention?</strong> No, sample
collection (blood draw) is not an intervention in this context.</li>
</ul>
<div class="flexedBetween">
<div class="flexedBetween" style="margin-right: 20px">
<i class="fas fa-times-circle text-danger" style="font-size: 1.5em; margin-right: 10px"></i>
<span class="text-danger">This study is not a clinical trial.</span>
</div>
<small>Keyword(s): Observational</small>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card" data-filter="observational">
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="case12">
<a role="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse12" aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="collapse12" class="collapsed">
<div class="fancyHeadings">
<strong>Case #12</strong>
<p>
Physicians report that some patients being treated with drug A for disease X are also
experiencing some improvement in a second condition, condition Y. The study involves the
recruitment of research participants who have disease X and condition Y and are being treated
with drug A. The participants are surveyed to ascertain whether they are experiencing an
improvement in condition
Y.
</p>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="collapse12" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="case12"
aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px">
<div class="card-body">
<ul>
<li><strong>Does the study involve human participants?</strong> Yes, the study involves human
participants.</li>
<li><strong>Are the participants prospectively assigned to an intervention?</strong> No,
participants are not prospectively assigned to receive an intervention as they are receiving
drugs as part of their clinical care. The surveys are being used for measurement, not to modify
a biomedical or behavioral outcome.</li>
</ul>
<div class="flexedBetween">
<div class="flexedBetween" style="margin-right: 20px">
<i class="fas fa-times-circle text-danger" style="font-size: 1.5em; margin-right: 10px"></i>
<span class="text-danger">This study is not a clinical trial.</span>
</div>
<small>Keyword(s): Drug, Observational</small>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card" data-filter="clinicalcare observational">
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="case13a">
<a role="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse13a" aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="collapse13a" class="collapsed">
<div class="fancyHeadings">
<strong>Case #13a</strong>
<p>The study involves the recruitment of patients with disease X who are receiving one of three
standard therapies as part of their clinical care. It is designed to assess the relative
effectiveness of the three therapies by monitoring survival rates using medical records over a
few years.</p>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="collapse13a" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="case13a"
aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px">
<div class="card-body">
<ul>
<li><strong>Does the study involve human participants?</strong> Yes, the study involves human
participants.</li>
<li><strong>Are the participants prospectively assigned to an intervention?</strong> No, there is no
intervention. The therapies are prescribed as part of clinical care; they are not prospectively
assigned for the purpose of the study. The study is observational.</li>
</ul>
<div class="flexedBetween">
<div class="flexedBetween" style="margin-right: 20px">
<i class="fas fa-times-circle text-danger" style="font-size: 1.5em; margin-right: 10px"></i>
<span class="text-danger">This study is not a clinical trial.</span>
</div>
<small>Keyword(s): Clinical Care, Observational</small>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card" data-filter="mechanistic observational">
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="case13b">
<a role="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse13b" aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="collapse13b" class="collapsed">
<div class="fancyHeadings">
<strong>Case #13b</strong>
<p>The study involves the recruitment of research participants with disease X vs. healthy controls
and comparing these participants on a range of health processes and outcomes including genomics,
biospecimens, self-report measures, etc. to explore differences that may be relevant to the
development of disease X.</p>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="collapse13b" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="case13b"
aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px">
<div class="card-body">
<ul>
<li><strong>Does the study involve human participants?</strong> Yes, the study involves human
participants.</li>
<li><strong>Are the participants prospectively assigned to an intervention?</strong> No, the
measures needed to assess the outcomes are not interventions in this context, as the study is
not intended to determine whether the measures modify a health-related biomedical or behavioral
outcome.</li>
</ul>
<div class="flexedBetween">
<div class="flexedBetween" style="margin-right: 20px">
<i class="fas fa-times-circle text-danger" style="font-size: 1.5em; margin-right: 10px"></i>
<span class="text-danger">This study is not a clinical trial.</span>
</div>
<small>Keyword(s): Mechanistic, Observational</small>
</div>
<br />
<i>The details of Case #13B have been revised and updated as of April 28, 2021.</i>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card" data-filter="mechanistic besh">
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="case14">
<a role="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse14" aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="collapse14" class="collapsed">
<div class="fancyHeadings">
<strong>Case #14</strong>
<p>The study involves the recruitment of healthy volunteers for a respiratory challenge study;
participants are randomized to receive different combinations of allergens. The study evaluates
the severity and mechanism of the immune response to different combinations of allergens
introduced via inhalation.</p>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="collapse14" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="case14"
aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px">
<div class="card-body">
<ul>
<li><strong>Does the study involve human participants?</strong> Yes, healthy volunteers are human
participants.</li>
<li><strong>Are the participants prospectively assigned to an intervention?</strong> Yes, healthy
volunteers are prospectively assigned to randomly selected combinations of allergens.</li>
<li><strong>Is the study designed to evaluate the effect of the intervention on the
participants?</strong> Yes, the study is evaluating the effects of different combinations of
allergens on the immune response in healthy individuals.</li>
<li><strong>Is the effect being evaluated a health-related biomedical or behavioral
outcome?</strong> Yes, the study evaluates the severity and mechanism of the immune reaction
to allergens, which are health-related biomedical outcomes.</li>
</ul>
<div class="flexedBetween">
<div class="flexedBetween" style="margin-right: 20px">
<i class="fas fa-check-circle text-success" style="font-size: 1.5em; margin-right: 10px"></i>
<span class="text-success">This is a basic experimental study involving humans</span>
</div>
<small>Keyword(s): Mechanistic; Basic Experimental Study Involving Humans (BESH)</small>
</div>
<br /><br />
<i>* Basic Experimental Studies involving Humans (BESH) use an intervention to understand fundamental
aspects of phenomena. These studies are subject to NIH stewardship policies including Good Clinical
Practice Training and the NIH Policy on Dissemination of NIH-Funded Clinical Trial information. For
more information, see our
<a href="/policy-and-compliance/policy-topics/clinical-trials/besh">BESH webpage</a>.</i>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card" data-filter="drug behavioral">
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="case15">
<a role="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse15" aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="collapse15" class="collapsed">
<div class="fancyHeadings">
<strong>Case #15</strong>
<p>The study involves the recruitment of research participants with Alzheimers disease (AD) to
evaluate the effects of an investigational drug on memory, and retention and recall of
information.</p>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="collapse15" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="case15"
aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px">
<div class="card-body">
<ul>
<li><strong>Does the study involve human participants?</strong> Yes, the study involves human
participants.</li>
<li><strong>Are the participants prospectively assigned to an intervention?</strong> Yes,
participants are prospectively assigned to receive the investigational drug.</li>
<li><strong>Is the study designed to evaluate the effect of the intervention on the
participants?</strong> Yes, the study is evaluating the effects of the drug on participants
memory.</li>
<li><strong>Is the effect being evaluated a health-related biomedical or behavioral
outcome?</strong> Yes, the study evaluates memory, and retention and recall of information
in the context of AD.</li>
</ul>
<div class="flexedBetween">
<div class="flexedBetween" style="margin-right: 20px">
<i class="fas fa-check-circle text-success" style="font-size: 1.5em; margin-right: 10px"></i>
<span class="text-success">This study is a clinical trial.</span>
</div>
<small>Keyword(s): Drug, Behavioral</small>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card" data-filter="drug behavioral">
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="case16">
<a role="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse16" aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="collapse16" class="collapsed">
<div class="fancyHeadings">
<strong>Case #16</strong>
<p>The study involves the recruitment of individuals to receive a new behavioral intervention for
sedentary behavior. It is designed to measure the effect of the intervention on hypothesized
differential mediators of behavior change.</p>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="collapse16" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="case16"
aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px">
<div class="card-body">
<ul>
<li><strong>Does the study involve human participants?</strong> Yes, the study involves human
participants.</li>
<li><strong>Are the participants prospectively assigned to an intervention?</strong> Yes,
participants are prospectively assigned to receive a behavioral intervention.</li>
<li><strong>Is the study designed to evaluate the effect of the intervention on the
participants?</strong> Yes, the study is evaluating the effects of the intervetion on
mediators of behavior change.</li>
<li><strong>Is the effect being evaluated a health-related biomedical or behavioral
outcome?</strong> Yes, the effect being evaluated, mediators of behavior change, are
behavioral outcomes relevant to health.</li>
</ul>
<div class="flexedBetween">
<div class="flexedBetween" style="margin-right: 20px">
<i class="fas fa-check-circle text-success" style="font-size: 1.5em; margin-right: 10px"></i>
<span class="text-success">This study is a clinical trial.</span>
</div>
<small>Keyword(s): Drug, Behavioral</small>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card" data-filter="behavioral">
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="case17">
<a role="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse17" aria-expanded="true"
aria-controls="collapse17" class="">
<div class="fancyHeadings">
<strong>Case #17</strong>
<p>The study involves the recruitment of patients with disease X to be evaluated with a new visual
acuity task. It is designed to evaluate the ability of the new task to measure visual acuity as
compared with the gold standard Snellen Test</p>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="collapse17" class="panel-collapse collapse in" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="case17"
aria-expanded="true" style="">
<div class="card-body">
<ul>
<li><strong>Does the study involve human participants?</strong> Yes, the study involves human
participants.</li>
<li><strong>Are the participants prospectively assigned to an intervention?</strong> Yes, the
participants are prospectively assigned to an intervention, the new visual acuity test.</li>
<li><strong>Is the study designed to evaluate the effect of the intervention on the
participants?</strong> No, the study is designed to evaluate the ability of the new visual
acuity test to measure visual acuity as compared to the gold standard Snellen Test, but not to
modify visual acuity.</li>
</ul>
<div class="flexedBetween">
<div class="flexedBetween" style="margin-right: 20px">
<i class="fas fa-times-circle text-danger" style="font-size: 1.5em; margin-right: 10px"></i>
<span class="text-danger">This study is not a clinical trial.</span>
</div>
<small>Keyword(s): Behavioral</small>
</div>
<br />
<i>The details of Case #17 have been revised and updated as of April 28, 2021.</i>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card" data-filter="observational behavioral mechanistic">
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="case18">
<div class="fancyHeadings">
<strong>Case #18</strong>
<i>Note: As of April 28, 2021 case #18 has been removed. Please refer to cases #40, #43, #44, #45 for related
examples.</i>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card" data-filter="observational clinicalcare">
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="case19">
<a role="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse19" aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="collapse19" class="collapsed">
<div class="fancyHeadings">
<strong>Case #19</strong>
<p>The study involves the recruitment of research participants with CHF who were hospitalized before
or after implementation of the Medicare incentives to reduce re-hospitalizations. Morbidity,
mortality, and quality of life of these participants are evaluated to compare the effects of
these Medicare incentives on these outcomes.</p>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="collapse19" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="case19"
aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px">
<div class="card-body">
<ul>
<li><strong>Does the study involve human participants?</strong> Yes, the study involves human
participants.</li>
<li><strong>Are the participants prospectively assigned to an intervention?</strong> No, the
intervention (incentives to reduce re-hospitalization) were assigned by Medicare, not by the
research study.</li>
</ul>
<div class="flexedBetween">
<div class="flexedBetween" style="margin-right: 20px">
<i class="fas fa-times-circle text-danger" style="font-size: 1.5em; margin-right: 10px"></i>
<span class="text-danger">This study is not a clinical trial.</span>
</div>
<small>Keyword(s): Observational, Clinical Care</small>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card" data-filter="clinicalcare">
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="case20">
<a role="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse20" aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="collapse20" class="collapsed">
<div class="fancyHeadings">
<strong>Case #20</strong>
<p>The study involves the recruitment of healthcare providers to assess the extent to which being
provided with genomic sequence information about their patients informs their treatment of those
patients towards improved outcomes.</p>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="collapse20" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="case20"
aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px">
<div class="card-body">
<ul>
<li><strong>Does the study involve human participants?</strong> Yes, both the physicians and the
patients are human participants.</li>
<li><strong>Are the participants prospectively assigned to an intervention?</strong> Yes, physicians
are prospectively assigned to receive genomic sequence information, which is the intervention.
</li>
<li><strong>Is the study designed to evaluate the effect of the intervention on the
participants?</strong> Yes, the study is designed to evaluate the effect of intervening with
physicians, on the treatment they provide to their patients.</li>
<li><strong>Is the effect being evaluated a health-related, biomedical, or behavioral
outcome?</strong> Yes, the effect being evaluated, the extent to which providing specific
information to physicians informs the treatment of patients, is a health-related outcome.</li>
</ul>
<div class="flexedBetween">
<div class="flexedBetween" style="margin-right: 20px">
<i class="fas fa-check-circle text-success" style="font-size: 1.5em; margin-right: 10px"></i>
<span class="text-success">This study is a clinical trial.</span>
</div>
<small>Keyword(s): Clinical Care</small>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card" data-filter="behavioral">
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="case21">
<a role="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse21" aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="collapse21" class="collapsed">
<div class="fancyHeadings">
<strong>Case #21</strong>
<p>
The study involves the recruitment of research participants with a behavioral condition to
receive either an investigational behavioral intervention or a behavioral intervention in
clinical use. It is designed to evaluate the effectiveness of the investigational intervention
compared to the intervention in clinical use in reducing the severity of the obsessive
compulsive
disorder.
</p>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="collapse21" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="case21"
aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px">
<div class="card-body">
<ul>
<li><strong>Does the study involve human participants?</strong> Yes, the study involves human
participants.</li>
<li><strong>Are the participants prospectively assigned to an intervention?</strong> Yes, the
participants are prospectively assigned to an intervention, either the investigational
intervention or an intervention in clinical use.</li>
<li><strong>Is the study designed to evaluate the effect of the intervention on the
participants?</strong> Yes, the study is designed to evaluate whether the investigational
intervention is as effective as the standard intervention, at changing behavior.</li>
<li><strong>Is the effect being evaluated a health-related, biomedical, or behavioral
outcome?</strong> Yes, the effect being evaluated, the interventions effectiveness in
reducing the severity of the condition, is a health-related behavioral outcome.</li>
</ul>
<div class="flexedBetween">
<div class="flexedBetween" style="margin-right: 20px">
<i class="fas fa-check-circle text-success" style="font-size: 1.5em; margin-right: 10px"></i>
<span class="text-success">This study is a clinical trial.</span>
</div>
<small>Keyword(s): Behavioral</small>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card" data-filter="clinicalcare">
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="case23">
<a role="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse23" aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="collapse23" class="collapsed">
<div class="fancyHeadings">
<strong>Case #23</strong>
<p>
The study involves the recruitment of physicians who will be randomly assigned to use a new app
or an existing app, which cues directed interviewing techniques. The study is designed to
determine whether the new app is better than the existing app at assisting physicians in
identifying families in need of social service support. The number of community service
referrals will be
measured.
</p>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="collapse23" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="case23"
aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px">
<div class="card-body">
<ul>
<li><strong>Does the study involve human participants?</strong> Yes, both the physicians and the
families are human participants.</li>
<li><strong>Are the participants prospectively assigned to an intervention?</strong> Yes, physicians
are prospectively assigned to use one of two apps, which are the interventions.</li>
<li><strong>Is the study designed to evaluate the effect of the intervention on the
participants?</strong> Yes, the study is designed to evaluate the effect of intervening with
physicians, on social service support referral for families.</li>
<li><strong>Is the effect being evaluated a health-related, biomedical, or behavioral
outcome?</strong> Yes, the effect being evaluated, the number of referrals, is a
health-related outcome.</li>
</ul>
<div class="flexedBetween">
<div class="flexedBetween" style="margin-right: 20px">
<i class="fas fa-check-circle text-success" style="font-size: 1.5em; margin-right: 10px"></i>
<span class="text-success">This study is a clinical trial.</span>
</div>
<small>Keyword(s): Clinical Care</small>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card" data-filter="behavioral">
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="case27">
<a role="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse27" aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="collapse27" class="collapsed">
<div class="fancyHeadings">
<strong>Case #27</strong>
<p>The study involves the recruitment of parents to participate in focus groups to discuss topics
related to parental self-efficacy and positive parenting behaviors. It is designed to gather
information needed to develop an intervention to promote parental self-efficacy and positive
parenting behaviors.</p>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="collapse27" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="case27"
aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px">
<div class="card-body">
<ul>
<li><strong>Does the study involve human participants?</strong> Yes, the parents are human
participants.</li>
<li><strong>Are the participants prospectively assigned to an intervention?</strong> No, a focus
group is not an intervention.</li>
</ul>
<div class="flexedBetween">
<div class="flexedBetween" style="margin-right: 20px">
<i class="fas fa-times-circle text-danger" style="font-size: 1.5em; margin-right: 10px"></i>
<span class="text-danger">This study is not a clinical trial.</span>
</div>
<small>Keyword(s): Behavioral</small>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card" data-filter="behavioral">
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="case28">
<a role="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse28" aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="collapse28" class="collapsed">
<div class="fancyHeadings">
<strong>Case #28</strong>
<p>The study involves the recruitment of healthy volunteers to test a new behavioral intervention.
It is designed to evaluate the effect of a meditation intervention on adherence to exercise
regimens and quality of life to inform the design of a subsequent, fully-powered trial.</p>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="collapse28" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="case28"
aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px">
<div class="card-body">
<ul>
<li><strong>Does the study involve human participants?</strong> Yes, study participants are human
participants.</li>
<li><strong>Are the participants prospectively assigned to an intervention?</strong> Yes, the
participants are prospectively assigned to a behavioral intervention.</li>
<li><strong>Is the study designed to evaluate the effect of the intervention on the
participants?</strong> Yes, the study is designed to evaluate the effect of the intervention
on adherence, and quality of life.</li>
<li><strong>Is the effect being evaluated a health-related biomedical or behavioral
outcome?</strong> Yes, adherence and quality of life are health-related outcomes.</li>
</ul>
<div class="flexedBetween">
<div class="flexedBetween" style="margin-right: 20px">
<i class="fas fa-check-circle text-success" style="font-size: 1.5em; margin-right: 10px"></i>
<span class="text-success">This study is a clinical trial.</span>
</div>
<small>Keyword(s): Behavioral</small>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card" data-filter="behavioral">
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="case29">
<a role="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse29" aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="collapse29" class="collapsed">
<div class="fancyHeadings">
<strong>Case #29</strong>
<p>
A study will test the feasibility a mobile phone app designed to increase physical activity. A
group of sedentary individuals will use the app for a week while their interactions with the app
are monitored. The number of interactions with the app will be measured, as well as any software
issues. Participants will also complete a survey indicating their satisfaction with and
willingness to use the app, as well as any feedback for improvement. The apps effect on
physical activity, weight, or cardiovascular fitness will not be evaluated.
</p>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="collapse29" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="case29"
aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px">
<div class="card-body">
<ul>
<li><strong>Does the study involve human participants?</strong> Yes, sedentary individuals will be
enrolled.</li>
<li><strong>Are the participants prospectively assigned to an intervention?</strong> The
participants will interact with the app for a week.</li>
<li>
<strong>Is the study designed to evaluate the effect of the intervention on the
participants?</strong> No. While the participants interactions are monitored (steps or
heart rate may be recorded in this process), the study is NOT measuring the effect of using the
app ON the participant. The study is only measuring the usability and acceptability of the app,
and testing for bugs
in the software. The effect on physical activity is NOT being measured.
</li>
<li><strong>Is the effect being evaluated a health-related biomedical or behavioral
outcome?</strong> N/A</li>
</ul>
<div class="flexedBetween">
<div class="flexedBetween" style="margin-right: 20px">
<i class="fas fa-times-circle text-danger" style="font-size: 1.5em; margin-right: 10px"></i>
<span class="text-danger">This study is not a clinical trial.</span>
</div>
<small>Keyword(s): Behavioral</small>
</div>
<br />
<i>The details of Case #29 have been revised and updated as of April 28, 2021.</i>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card" data-filter="behavioral">
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="case30a">
<a role="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse30a" aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="collapse30a" class="collapsed">
<div class="fancyHeadings">
<strong>Case #30a</strong>
<p>The study involves the recruitment of healthy family members of patients hospitalized for disease
X to test two CPR training strategies. Participants will receive one of two training strategies.
The outcome is improved CPR skills retention.</p>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="collapse30a" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="case30a"
aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px">
<div class="card-body">
<ul>
<li><strong>Does the study involve human participants?</strong> Yes, family members of patients are
human participants.</li>
<li><strong>Are the participants prospectively assigned to an intervention?</strong> Yes, the
participants are prospectively assigned to one of two CPR educational strategies.</li>
<li><strong>Is the study designed to evaluate the effect of the intervention on the
participants?</strong> Yes, the study is designed to evaluate the effect of educational
strategies on CPR skills.</li>
<li><strong>Is the effect being evaluated a health-related biomedical or behavioral
outcome?</strong> Yes, retention of CPR skills is a health-related behavioral outcome.</li>
</ul>
<div class="flexedBetween">
<div class="flexedBetween" style="margin-right: 20px">
<i class="fas fa-check-circle text-success" style="font-size: 1.5em; margin-right: 10px"></i>
<span class="text-success">This study is a clinical trial.</span>
</div>
<small>Keyword(s): Behavioral</small>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card" data-filter="behavioral">
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="case30b">
<a role="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse30b" aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="collapse30b" class="collapsed">
<div class="fancyHeadings">
<strong>Case #30b</strong>
<p>The study involves the recruitment of research participants in three different communities
(clusters) to test three CPR training strategies. The rate of out-of- hospital cardiac arrest
survival will be compared.</p>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="collapse30b" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="case30b"
aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px">
<div class="card-body">
<ul>
<li><strong>Does the study involve human participants?</strong> Yes, the study involves human
participants.</li>
<li><strong>Are the participants prospectively assigned to an intervention?</strong> Yes, the
participants are prospectively assigned to receive one of three types of CPR training, which is
the intervention.</li>
<li><strong>Is the study designed to evaluate the effect of the intervention on the
participants?</strong> Yes, the study is designed to evaluate the effect of different CPR
training strategies on patient survival rates post cardiac arrest.</li>
<li><strong>Is the effect being evaluated a health-related biomedical or behavioral
outcome?</strong> Yes, out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survival is a health-related outcome.
</li>
</ul>
<div class="flexedBetween">
<div class="flexedBetween" style="margin-right: 20px">
<i class="fas fa-check-circle text-success" style="font-size: 1.5em; margin-right: 10px"></i>
<span class="text-success">This study is a clinical trial.</span>
</div>
<small>Keyword(s): Behavioral</small>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card" data-filter="behavioral">
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="case31a">
<a role="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse31a" aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="collapse31a" class="collapsed">
<div class="fancyHeadings">
<strong>Case #31a</strong>
<p>A study involves the recruitment of school children to evaluate two different tools for
monitoring food intake. Food consumption behavior will be measured by asking children to
activate a pocket camera during meals and to use a diary to record consumed food. The accuracy
of the two food monitoring methods in measuring energy intake will be assessed.</p>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="collapse31a" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="case31a"
aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px">
<div class="card-body">
<ul>
<li><strong>Does the study involve human participants?</strong> Yes, children are human
participants.</li>
<li><strong>Are the participants prospectively assigned to an intervention?</strong> No, in this
context the monitoring methods would not be considered an intervention. The study is designed to
test the accuracy of two monitoring methods, but not to test the effect on any health-related
biomedical or behavioral outcomes.&nbsp;</li>
</ul>
<div class="flexedBetween">
<div class="flexedBetween" style="margin-right: 20px">
<i class="fas fa-times-circle text-danger" style="font-size: 1.5em; margin-right: 10px"></i>
<span class="text-danger">This study is not a clinical trial.</span>
</div>
<small>Keyword(s): Behavioral</small>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card" data-filter="behavioral">
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="case31b">
<a role="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse31b" aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="collapse31b" class="collapsed">
<div class="fancyHeadings">
<strong>Case #31b</strong>
<p>A study involves the recruitment of school children to evaluate two different tools for
monitoring food intake. Food consumption behavior will be measured by asking children to
activate a pocket camera during meals and to use a diary to record consumed food. Changes to
eating behavior will be assessed.</p>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="collapse31b" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="case31b"
aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px">
<div class="card-body">
<ul>
<li><strong>Does the study involve human participants?</strong> Yes, children are human
participants.</li>
<li><strong>Are the participants prospectively assigned to an intervention?</strong> Yes, the
participants are prospectively assigned to two food monitoring methods.</li>
<li><strong>Is the study designed to evaluate the effect of the intervention on the
participants?</strong> Yes, the study is designed to determine whether using the monitoring
methods changes eating behavior.</li>
<li><strong>Is the effect being evaluated a health-related biomedical or behavioral
outcome?</strong> Yes, eating behavior is a health-related outcome.</li>
</ul>
<div class="flexedBetween">
<div class="flexedBetween" style="margin-right: 20px">
<i class="fas fa-check-circle text-success" style="font-size: 1.5em; margin-right: 10px"></i>
<span class="text-success">This study is a clinical trial.</span>
</div>
<small>Keyword(s): Behavioral</small>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card" data-filter="behavioral observational">
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="case32">
<a role="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse32" aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="collapse32" class="collapsed">
<div class="fancyHeadings">
<strong>Case #32</strong>
<p>A study involves the recruitment of children at two schools to monitor eating behavior.
Childrens food choices will be monitored using a remote food photography method. Food
consumption and the accuracy of food monitoring methods will be assessed.</p>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="collapse32" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="case32"
aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px">
<div class="card-body">
<ul>
<li><strong>Does the study involve human participants?</strong> Yes, the children participating in
this study are human participants.</li>
<li><strong>Are the participants prospectively assigned to an intervention?</strong> No, not in this
context. The study involves observing and measuring eating behavior, but not modifying it. This
is an observational study.</li>
</ul>
<div class="flexedBetween">
<div class="flexedBetween" style="margin-right: 20px">
<i class="fas fa-times-circle text-danger" style="font-size: 1.5em; margin-right: 10px"></i>
<span class="text-danger">This study is not a clinical trial.</span>
</div>
<small>Keyword(s): Behavioral, Observational</small>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card" data-filter="behavioral observational">
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="case33">
<a role="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse33" aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="collapse33" class="collapsed">
<div class="fancyHeadings">
<strong>Case #33</strong>
<p>A study involves the recruitment of children at two schools to evaluate their preferences for
graphics and colors used in healthy food advertisements. Children will be presented with
multiple health advertisements and their preferences for graphics and colors will be assessed.
</p>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="collapse33" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="case33"
aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px">
<div class="card-body">
<ul>
<li><strong>Does the study involve human participants?</strong> Yes, children are human
participants.</li>
<li><strong>Are the participants prospectively assigned to an intervention?</strong> Yes, the
participants are prospectively assigned to see different advertisements.</li>
<li><strong>Is the study designed to evaluate the effect of the intervention on the
participants?</strong> Yes, the study is designed to evaluate the advertisements.</li>
<li><strong>Is the effect being evaluated a health-related biomedical or behavioral
outcome?</strong> No, preferences are not health-related biomedical or behavioral outcomes.
</li>
</ul>
<div class="flexedBetween">
<div class="flexedBetween" style="margin-right: 20px">
<i class="fas fa-times-circle text-danger" style="font-size: 1.5em; margin-right: 10px"></i>
<span class="text-danger">This study is not a clinical trial.</span>
</div>
<small>Keyword(s): Behavioral, Observational</small>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card" data-filter="clinicalcare">
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="case34">
<a role="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse34" aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="collapse34" class="collapsed">
<div class="fancyHeadings">
<strong>Case #34</strong>
<p>
The study involves ambulatory patients who have new-onset stable angina and who are recruited
from community practices. They are randomized to undergo CT angiography or an exercise stress
test of the doctors choice. To keep the trial pragmatic, the investigators do not prescribe a
protocol for how physicians should respond to test results. The study is designed to determine
whether the initial test (CT angiography or stress test) affects long-term rates of premature
death, stroke, or myocardial infarctions.
</p>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="collapse34" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="case34"
aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px">
<div class="card-body">
<ul>
<li><strong>Does the study involve human participants?</strong> Yes, the study involves human
participants.</li>
<li><strong>Are the participants prospectively assigned to an intervention?</strong> Yes, the
participants are randomized to undergo CT angiography or an exercise stress test.</li>
<li><strong>Is the study designed to evaluate the effect of the intervention on the
participants?</strong> Yes, the study is designed to determine whether the initial test done
affects long-term rates of certain clinical events.</li>
<li><strong>Is the effect being evaluated a health-related biomedical or behavioral
outcome?</strong> Yes, premature death, stroke, and myocardial infarction are health-related
biomedical outcomes.</li>
</ul>
<div class="flexedBetween">
<div class="flexedBetween" style="margin-right: 20px">
<i class="fas fa-check-circle text-success" style="font-size: 1.5em; margin-right: 10px"></i>
<span class="text-success">This study is a clinical trial.</span>
</div>
<small>Keyword(s): Clinical Care</small>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card" data-filter="clinicalcare observational">
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="case35">
<a role="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse35" aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="collapse35" class="collapsed">
<div class="fancyHeadings">
<strong>Case #35</strong>
<p>
The study involves patients who present with stable angina to community practices. As part of
their routine care some of their physicians refer them for CT angiography, while others refer
them for exercise stress tests. The study is designed to see whether or not there's an
association between the type of test that is chosen and long-term risk of death, stroke, or
myocardial
infarction.
</p>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="collapse35" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="case35"
aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px">
<div class="card-body">
<ul>
<li><strong>Does the study involve human participants?</strong> Yes, the study involves human
participants.</li>
<li><strong>Are the participants prospectively assigned to an intervention?</strong> No, the
intervention is not prospectively assigned by the investigators. Rather, the intervention, in
this case diagnostic study, occurs as part of routine clinical care.</li>
</ul>
<div class="flexedBetween">
<div class="flexedBetween" style="margin-right: 20px">
<i class="fas fa-times-circle text-danger" style="font-size: 1.5em; margin-right: 10px"></i>
<span class="text-danger">This study is not a clinical trial.</span>
</div>
<small>Keyword(s): Clinical Trial, Observational</small>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card" data-filter="behavioral clinicalcare observational">
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="case36a">
<a role="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse36a" aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="collapse36a" class="collapsed">
<div class="fancyHeadings">
<strong>Case #36a</strong>
<p>The investigators conduct a longitudinal study of patients with schizophrenia. Their physicians,
as part of their standard clinical care, prescribe antipsychotic medication. The investigators
conduct an imaging session before starting treatment; they repeat imaging 4-6 weeks later.</p>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="collapse36a" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="case36a"
aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px">
<div class="card-body">
<ul>
<li><strong>Does the study involve human participants?</strong> Yes.</li>
<li><strong>Are the participants prospectively assigned to an intervention? </strong>No, not in this
context.&nbsp; Antipsychotic medications are given as part of clinical care, not as part of a
prospective, approved research protocol.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li>
</ul>
<div class="flexedBetween">
<div class="flexedBetween" style="margin-right: 20px">
<i class="fas fa-times-circle text-danger" style="font-size: 1.5em; margin-right: 10px"></i>
<span class="text-danger">This study is not a clinical trial.</span>
</div>
<small>Keyword(s): Behavioral, Clinical Care, Observational</small>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card" data-filter="behavioral clinicalcare">
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="case36b">
<a role="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse36b" aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="collapse36b" class="collapsed">
<div class="fancyHeadings">
<strong>Case #36b</strong>
<p>
The investigators conduct a longitudinal study of patients with schizophrenia. Their physicians,
as part of their standard clinical care, prescribe antipsychotic medication. As part of the
research protocol, all participants will be prescribed the same dose of the antipsychotic
medication. The investigators conduct an imaging session before starting treatment; they repeat
imaging
4-6 weeks later.
</p>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="collapse36b" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="case36b"
aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px">
<div class="card-body">
<ul>
<li><strong>Does the study involve human participants?</strong> Yes.</li>
<li><strong>Are the participants prospectively assigned to an intervention? </strong>Yes, although
participants are all receiving antipsychotic medication as part of their standard medical care,
the dose of the antipsychotic medication is determined by the research protocol, rather than
individual clinical need.</li>
<li><strong>Is the study designed to evaluate the effect of the intervention on the
participants?</strong>&nbsp;Yes, the study is designed to evaluate the effect of a dose of
antipsychotic medication on brain function.</li>
<li><strong>Is the effect being evaluated a health-related biomedical or behavioral
outcome</strong>?&nbsp;Yes, brain function measured by imaging is a health-related outcome.
</li>
</ul>
<div class="flexedBetween">
<div class="flexedBetween" style="margin-right: 20px">
<i class="fas fa-check-circle text-success" style="font-size: 1.5em; margin-right: 10px"></i>
<span class="text-success">This study is a clinical trial.</span>
</div>
<small>Keyword(s): Behavioral, Clinical Care</small>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card" data-filter="clinicalcare">
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="case37">
<a role="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse37" aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="collapse37" class="collapsed">
<div class="fancyHeadings">
<strong>Case #37</strong>
<p>The study involves recruitment of healthy volunteers who will wear a thermal compression device
around their legs. This pilot study is designed to examine preliminary performance and safety of
a thermal compression device worn during surgery. Investigators will measure core temperature,
comfort, and presence of skin injury in 15-minute intervals.</p>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="collapse37" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="case37"
aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px">
<div class="card-body">
<ul>
<li><strong>Does the study involve human participants?</strong> Yes.</li>
<li><strong>Are the participants prospectively assigned to an intervention? </strong>Yes,
participants are assigned to wear a thermal compression device.</li>
<li><strong>Is the study designed to evaluate the effect of the intervention on the
participants?</strong>&nbsp;Yes, the study is designed to evaluate the effect of the thermal
compression device on participant core temperature, comfort, and presence of skin injury.</li>
<li><strong>Is the effect being evaluated a health-related biomedical or behavioral
outcome</strong>?&nbsp;Yes, participant core temperature, comfort, and presence of skin
injury are health-related biomedical outcomes.</li>
</ul>
<div class="flexedBetween">
<div class="flexedBetween" style="margin-right: 20px">
<i class="fas fa-check-circle text-success" style="font-size: 1.5em; margin-right: 10px"></i>
<span class="text-success">This study is a clinical trial.</span>
</div>
<small>Keyword(s): Clinical Care</small>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card" data-filter="clinicalcare observational">
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="case38">
<a role="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse38" aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="collapse38" class="collapsed">
<div class="fancyHeadings">
<strong>Case #38</strong>
<p>The study involves collection of data on hospitalizations for various acute illnesses among
people who live close to a border between two states that have recently implemented different
laws related to public health (e.g. smoking regulations, soda taxes). The investigators want to
take advantage of this “natural experiment” to assess the health impact of the laws.</p>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="collapse38" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="case38"
aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px">
<div class="card-body">
<ul>
<li><strong>Does the study involve human participants?</strong>&nbsp;Yes, the study involves human
participants.</li>
<li><strong>Are the participants prospectively assigned to an intervention?</strong>&nbsp;No, the
interventions were assigned by state laws and state of residence, not by the research study.
</li>
</ul>
<div class="flexedBetween">
<div class="flexedBetween" style="margin-right: 20px">
<i class="fas fa-times-circle text-danger" style="font-size: 1.5em; margin-right: 10px"></i>
<span class="text-danger">This study is not a clinical trial.</span>
</div>
<small>Keyword(s): Clinical Care, Observational</small>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card" data-filter="observational behavioral mechanistic">
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="case39">
<div class="fancyHeadings">
<strong>Case #39</strong>
<i>Note: As of April 28, 2021 case #39 has been removed. </i>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card" data-filter="mechanistic besh">
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="case40">
<a role="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse40" aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="collapse40" class="collapsed">
<div class="fancyHeadings">
<strong>Case #40</strong>
<p>The study involves recruitment of healthy volunteers to engage in working memory tasks while
undergoing transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to induce competing local neuronal activity.
The study is measuring task performance to investigate the neural underpinnings of working
memory storage and processing.</p>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="collapse40" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="case40"
aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px">
<div class="card-body">
<ul>
<li><strong>Does the study involve human participants?</strong> Yes, the healthy volunteers are
human participants.</li>
<li><strong>Are the participants prospectively assigned to an intervention?</strong> Yes, healthy
volunteers are prospectively assigned to receive TMS stimulation protocols during a working
memory task.</li>
<li><strong>Is the study designed to evaluate the effect of the intervention on the
participants?</strong> Yes, the study is evaluating the effects of local TMS stimulation on
working memory performance and oscillatory brain activity in healthy individuals.</li>
<li><strong> Is the effect being evaluated a health-related biomedical or behavioral
outcome?</strong> Yes, the study evaluates working memory processes, which are
health-related biomedical outcomes.</li>
</ul>
<div class="flexedBetween">
<div class="flexedBetween" style="margin-right: 20px">
<i class="fas fa-check-circle text-success" style="font-size: 1.5em; margin-right: 10px"></i>
<span class="text-success">This is a basic experimental study involving humans</span>
</div>
<small>Keyword(s): Mechanistic, Basic Experimental Study Involving Humans (BESH)</small>
</div>
<br /><br />
<i>* Basic Experimental Studies involving Humans (BESH) use an intervention to understand fundamental
aspects of phenomena. These studies are subject to NIH stewardship policies including Good Clinical
Practice Training and the NIH Policy on Dissemination of NIH-Funded Clinical Trial information. For
more information, see our
<a href="/policy-and-compliance/policy-topics/clinical-trials/besh">BESH webpage</a>.</i>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card" data-filter="mechanistic drug besh">
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="case41">
<a role="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse41" aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="collapse41" class="collapsed">
<div class="fancyHeadings">
<strong>Case #41</strong>
<p>The study involves recruitment of healthy volunteers to engage in a social valuation task while
dopamine tone in the brain is manipulated using tolcapone, an FDA-approved medication. The study
aims to understand the role of dopamine in social decision-making and to search for neural
correlates of this valuation using fMRI.</p>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="collapse41" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="case41"
aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px">
<div class="card-body">
<ul>
<li><strong>Does the study involve human participants?</strong> Yes, healthy volunteers are human
participants.</li>
<li><strong>Are the participants prospectively assigned to an intervention? </strong> Yes, healthy
volunteers are prospectively assigned to receive tolcapone during a social valuation task.</li>
<li>
<strong>Is the study designed to evaluate the effect of the intervention on the
participants?</strong> Yes, the study is evaluating the effects of modulating dopamine tone
on social decision-making. Although this study uses an FDA-approved drug to modulate dopamine
tone, the goal of this intervention is to understand the role of dopamine in a fundamental
phenomenon (social
valuation), and not to study the mechanism of action of the drug or its clinical effects.
</li>
<li><strong>Is the effect being evaluated a health-related biomedical or behavioral
outcome?</strong> Yes, the study evaluates working memory processes, which are
health-related biomedical outcomes.</li>
</ul>
<div class="flexedBetween">
<div class="flexedBetween" style="margin-right: 20px">
<i class="fas fa-check-circle text-success" style="font-size: 1.5em; margin-right: 10px"></i>
<span class="text-success">This is a basic experimental study involving humans</span>
</div>
<small>Keyword(s): Mechanistic, Drug, Basic Experimental Study Involving Humans (BESH)</small>
</div>
<br /><br />
<i>* Basic Experimental Studies involving Humans (BESH) use an intervention to understand fundamental
aspects of phenomena. These studies are subject to NIH stewardship policies including Good Clinical
Practice Training and the NIH Policy on Dissemination of NIH-Funded Clinical Trial information. For
more information, see our
<a href="/policy-and-compliance/policy-topics/clinical-trials/besh">BESH webpage</a>.</i>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card" data-filter="drug">
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="case42a">
<a role="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse42a" aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="collapse42a" class="collapsed">
<div class="fancyHeadings">
<strong>Case #42a</strong>
<p>
The career development candidate proposes to independently lead a study to test a new drug A on
patients with disease X. Patients will be randomized to a test and control group, with the test
group receiving one dose of drug A per week for 12 months and controls receiving placebo. To
assess presence, number, and type of any polyps, a colonoscopy will be performed. To assess
biomarkers of precancerous lesions, colon mucosal biopsies will be collected. Complete blood
count will be measured, and plasma will be stored for potential biomarker evaluation.
</p>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="collapse42a" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="case42a"
aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px">
<div class="card-body">
<ul>
<li><strong>Does the study involve human participants?</strong> Yes, the study involves human
participants.</li>
<li><strong>Are the participants prospectively assigned to an intervention? </strong> Yes, the
participants are prospectively assigned to receive an intervention, drug A or placebo.</li>
<li><strong>Is the study designed to evaluate the effect of the intervention on the
participants?</strong> Yes, the study is designed to evaluate the effect of drug A and
placebo on the presence and type of polyps.</li>
<li><strong>Is the effect being evaluated a health-related biomedical or behavioral
outcome?</strong> Yes, the effect being evaluated, the presence and type of polyps, is a
health-related biomedical outcome.</li>
</ul>
<div class="flexedBetween">
<div class="flexedBetween" style="margin-right: 20px">
<i class="fas fa-check-circle text-success" style="font-size: 1.5em; margin-right: 10px"></i>
<span class="text-success">This study is a clinical trial.</span>
</div>
<small>Keyword(s): Drug</small>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card" data-filter="mechanistic">
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="case42b">
<a role="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse42b" aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="collapse42b" class="collapsed">
<div class="fancyHeadings">
<strong>Case #42b</strong>
<p>Ancillary Study to Case Study #42a: Some types of drug A being evaluated in Case Study #42a have
been reported to impact renal function. An internal medicine fellow performs an ancillary study
where stored plasma from Case Study #42a will be evaluated for multiple biomarkers of renal
function.</p>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="collapse42b" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="case42b"
aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px">
<div class="card-body">
<ul>
<li><strong>Does the study involve human participants?</strong> Yes, patients are human participants
because the plasma and information are identifiable.</li>
<li><strong>Are the participants prospectively assigned to an intervention? </strong> No, because
the assignment of participants to an intervention occurs as part of an existing, separately
funded clinical trial. This proposal would be considered an ancillary study that is not an
independent clinical trial.</li>
</ul>
<div class="flexedBetween">
<div class="flexedBetween" style="margin-right: 20px">
<i class="fas fa-times-circle text-danger" style="font-size: 1.5em; margin-right: 10px"></i>
<span class="text-danger">This study is not a clinical trial.</span>
</div>
<small>Keyword(s): Mechanistic</small>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card" data-filter="drug">
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="case42c">
<a role="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse42c" aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="collapse42c" class="collapsed">
<div class="fancyHeadings">
<strong>Case #42c</strong>
<p>
Ancillary Study to Case Study #42a: An internal medicine fellow designs an independent ancillary
trial where a subset of patients from the parent trial in Case Study #42a will also receive drug
B, based on the assumption that a two-drug combination will work significantly better than a
single drug at both improving renal function and reducing polyps. The test subjects will be
evaluated for renal function via plasma clearance rates at 6 and 12 months after initiation of
drugs A and B.
</p>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="collapse42c" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="case42c"
aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px">
<div class="card-body">
<ul>
<li><strong>Does the study involve human participants?</strong> Yes, the study involves human
participants.</li>
<li><strong>Are the participants prospectively assigned to an intervention? </strong> Yes, the
participants are prospectively assigned to receive an intervention, drugs A and B.</li>
<li><strong>Is the study designed to evaluate the effect of the intervention on the
participants?</strong> Yes, the study is designed to evaluate the effect of drugs A and B on
renal function.</li>
<li><strong>Is the effect being evaluated a health-related biomedical or behavioral
outcome?</strong> Yes, the effect being evaluated, renal function, is a health-related
biomedical outcome.</li>
</ul>
<div class="flexedBetween">
<div class="flexedBetween" style="margin-right: 20px">
<i class="fas fa-check-circle text-success" style="font-size: 1.5em; margin-right: 10px"></i>
<span class="text-success">This study is a clinical trial.</span>
</div>
<small>Keyword(s): Drug</small>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card" data-filter="besh">
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="case43">
<a role="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse43" aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="collapse43" class="collapsed">
<div class="fancyHeadings">
<strong>Case #43</strong>
<p>A group of healthy young adults will perform a Go/No-Go task while undergoing fMRI scans. The
purpose of the study is to characterize the pattern of neural activation in the frontal cortex
during response inhibition, and the ability of the participant to correctly withhold a response
on no-go</p>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="collapse43" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="case43"
aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px">
<div class="card-body">
<ul>
<li><strong>Does the study involve human participants?</strong> Yes, healthy young adults will be
enrolled in this study.</li>
<li><strong>Are the participants prospectively assigned to an intervention? </strong> Yes, the
participants will be prospectively assigned to perform a Go/No-Go task, which involves different
levels of inhibitory control.</li>
<li>
<strong>Is the study designed to evaluate the effect of the intervention on the
participants?</strong> Yes, the study is designed to evaluate the effect of the Go/No-Go
task on neural activation in the frontal cortex. The study will measure inhibitory control and
the neural systems being engaged. In this study, the Go/No-Go task is the independent variable,
and behavioral
performance and the associated fMRI activations are the dependent variables.
</li>
<li><strong>Is the effect being evaluated a health-related biomedical or behavioral
outcome?</strong> Yes, the neural correlates of inhibitory control and behavioral
performance are health-related biomedical outcomes.</li>
</ul>
<div class="flexedBetween">
<div class="flexedBetween" style="margin-right: 20px">
<i class="fas fa-check-circle text-success" style="font-size: 1.5em; margin-right: 10px"></i>
<span class="text-success">This is a basic experimental study involving humans</span>
</div>
<small>Keyword(s): Basic Experimental Study Involving Humans (BESH)</small>
</div>
<br /><br />
<i>* Basic Experimental Studies involving Humans (BESH) use an intervention to understand fundamental
aspects of phenomena. These studies are subject to NIH stewardship policies including Good Clinical
Practice Training and the NIH Policy on Dissemination of NIH-Funded Clinical Trial information. For
more information, see our
<a href="/policy-and-compliance/policy-topics/clinical-trials/besh">BESH webpage</a>.</i>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card" data-filter="behavioral observational">
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="case44a">
<a role="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse44a" aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="collapse44a" class="collapsed">
<div class="fancyHeadings">
<strong>Case #44a</strong>
<p>
A group of adolescents will participate in a longitudinal study examining changes in executive
function over the course of a normal school year. Color naming performance on the <span
onclick='window.open("/policy-and-compliance/policy-topics/clinical-trials/besh#stroop","_blank")'>standard version
of the Stroop test</span> will be obtained. All measures will be compared at multiple time
points during the
school year to examine changes in executive function. The purpose is to observe changes in
executive function and to observe if differences exist in the Stroop effect over the course of
the school year for these adolescents.
</p>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="collapse44a" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="case44a"
aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px">
<div class="card-body">
<ul>
<li><strong>Does the study involve human participants?</strong> Yes, adolescents will be enrolled in
this study.</li>
<li>
<strong>Are the participants prospectively assigned to an intervention?</strong> No, there is no
intervention in this study and no independent variable manipulated. The adolescents are not
prospectively assigned to an intervention, but instead the investigator will examine variables
of interest (including the Stroop test) over time. The Stroop effect is used as a measurement of
point-in-time data.
</li>
<li>
<strong>Is the study designed to evaluate the effect of the intervention on the
participants?</strong> No, there is no intervention. Performance on the Stroop test is a
well-established measure of executive function and the test is not providing an independent
variable of interest here. It is not being used to manipulate the participants or their
environment. The purpose is
simply to obtain a measure of executive function in adolescents over the course of the school
year.
</li>
<li><strong>Is the effect being evaluated a health-related biomedical or behavioral
outcome?</strong> N/A. No effect of an intervention is being evaluated.</li>
</ul>
<div class="flexedBetween">
<div class="flexedBetween" style="margin-right: 20px">
<i class="fas fa-times-circle text-danger" style="font-size: 1.5em; margin-right: 10px"></i>
<span class="text-danger">This study is not a clinical trial.</span>
</div>
<small>Keyword(s): Behavioral, Observational</small>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card" data-filter="behavioral besh">
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="case44b">
<a role="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse44b" aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="collapse44b" class="collapsed">
<div class="fancyHeadings">
<strong>Case #44b</strong>
<p>
A group of participants with social anxiety will perform an experimentally manipulated Stroop
test. In this variant of the Stroop test, the stimuli presented are varied to include emotional
and neutral facial expressions presented in different colors. Participants are instructed to
name the colors of the faces presented, with the expectation that they will be slower to name
the
color of the emotional face than the neutral face. The purpose of the study is to examine the
degree to which participants with social anxiety will be slower to process emotional faces than
neutral faces.
</p>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="collapse44b" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="case44b"
aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px">
<div class="card-body">
<ul>
<li><strong>Does the study involve human participants?</strong> Yes, participants with social
anxiety will be enrolled in this study.</li>
<li><strong>Are the participants prospectively assigned to an intervention?</strong> Yes, the
participants will be prospectively assigned to perform a modified Stroop test using different
colored emotional/neutral faces to explore emotional processing in people with social anxiety.
Note that the independent variable is the presentation of emotional vs neutral faces.</li>
<li>
<strong>Is the study designed to evaluate the effect of the intervention on the
participants?</strong> Yes, the study is designed to measure the effect of emotional valence
(i.e. emotional faces) on participant response time to name the color. The purpose is to
determine whether the response time to emotional faces is exaggerated for people with social
anxiety as compared to
neutral faces. Note that the response time to name the colors is the dependent variable in this
study.
</li>
<li><strong>Is the effect being evaluated a health-related biomedical or behavioral
outcome?</strong> Yes, the processing of emotional information is a health-related
biomedical outcome.</li>
</ul>
<div class="flexedBetween">
<div class="flexedBetween" style="margin-right: 20px">
<i class="fas fa-check-circle text-success" style="font-size: 1.5em; margin-right: 10px"></i>
<span class="text-success">This is a basic experimental study involving humans.</span>
</div>
<small>Keyword(s): Behavioral, Basic Experimental Study Involving Humans (BESH)</small>
</div>
<br /><br />
<i>* Basic Experimental Studies involving Humans (BESH) use an intervention to understand fundamental
aspects of phenomena. These studies are subject to NIH stewardship policies including Good Clinical
Practice Training and the NIH Policy on Dissemination of NIH-Funded Clinical Trial information. For
more information, see our
<a href="/policy-and-compliance/policy-topics/clinical-trials/besh">BESH webpage</a>.</i>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card" data-filter="behavioral">
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="case45">
<a role="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse45" aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="collapse45" class="collapsed">
<div class="fancyHeadings">
<strong>Case #45</strong>
<p>The study involves healthy volunteers and compares temporal SNR obtained with a new fMRI pulse
sequence with that from another sequence.</p>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="collapse45" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="case45"
aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px">
<div class="card-body">
<ul>
<li><strong>Does the study involve human participants?</strong> Yes, the healthy volunteers are
human participants.</li>
<li><strong>Are the participants prospectively assigned to an intervention?</strong> No, in this
context the different pulse sequences would not be considered an intervention. The pulse
sequences are not being used to modify any biomedical or behavioral outcome; rather the
investigator is comparing performance characteristics of the two pulse sequences.</li>
</ul>
<div class="flexedBetween">
<div class="flexedBetween" style="margin-right: 20px">
<i class="fas fa-times-circle text-danger" style="font-size: 1.5em; margin-right: 10px"></i>
<span class="text-danger">This study is not a clinical trial.</span>
</div>
<small>Keyword(s): Behavioral</small>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card" data-filter="device">
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="case46">
<a role="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse46" aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="collapse46" class="collapsed">
<div class="fancyHeadings">
<strong>Case #46</strong>
<p>
The study is designed to demonstrate that a new imaging technology (e.g. MRI, PET, ultrasound
technologies, or image processing algorithm) is equivalent to, or has better
sensitivity/specificity than a standard of care imaging technology. Aim one will use the new
imaging technology and the gold standard in ten healthy volunteers. Aim Two will use the new
imaging technology and
the gold standard before and after a standard care procedure in ten patients. In both aims the
performance of the new technology will be compared to the gold standard. No clinical care
decisions will be made based on the use of the device in this study.
</p>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="collapse46" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="case46"
aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px">
<div class="card-body">
<ul>
<li><strong>Does the study involve human participants?</strong> YES. Aim one will study ten healthy
volunteers, and aim two will study ten patient volunteers.</li>
<li><strong>Are the participants prospectively assigned to an intervention?</strong> Yes,
participants will be prospectively assigned to be evaluated with a new imaging technology and
the gold standard technology.</li>
<li><strong>Is the study designed to evaluate the effect of the intervention on the participants?
</strong> No, the study is not measuring the effect of the technologies ON the human subjects.
The study is determining if the new technology is equivalent or better than the gold standard
technology. No effect on the participant is being measured.</li>
</ul>
<div class="flexedBetween">
<div class="flexedBetween" style="margin-right: 20px">
<i class="fas fa-times-circle text-danger" style="font-size: 1.5em; margin-right: 10px"></i>
<span class="text-danger">This study is not a clinical trial.</span>
</div>
<small>Keyword(s): Device</small>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="fancySection" id="iccs" style="margin: 30px 0 10px 0">
<h3>Institute or Center specific Case Studies</h3>
<small>New: 1/4/18</small>
</div>
<div data-ds-id="j2tmke3n" class="alert alert-warning border-0 border-start border-7 border-warning d-flex"
role="alert">
<i class="bi bi-exclamation-triangle-fill me-3 h4"></i>
<div>
<strong>Warning Alert</strong><br />
Note: Filters cannot be applied to Institute or Center
Specific Case Studies
</div>
</div>
<div class="panel-group" id="accordionS2" role="tablist" aria-multiselectable="true">
<div class="card">
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="caseS2_NIDCR_1">
<a role="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapseS2_NIDCR_1" aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="collapseS2_NIDCR_1" class="collapsed">
<div class="fancyHeadings">
<strong>NIDCR #1</strong>
<p>
An investigator proposes to add secondary outcomes to an already funded clinical trial of a
nutritional intervention. The trial is supported by other funding, but the investigator is
interested in obtaining NIH funding for studying oral health outcomes. Participants in the
existing trial would be assessed for oral health outcomes at baseline and at additional time
points during a
multi-week dietary intervention. The oral health outcomes would include measures of gingivitis
and responses to oral health related quality of life questionnaires. Oral fluids would be
collected for analysis of inflammatory markers and microbiome components.
</p>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="collapseS2_NIDCR_1" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="caseS2_NIDCR_1"
aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px">
<div class="card-body">
<ul>
<li><strong>Does the study involve human participants?</strong> Yes.</li>
<li><strong>Are the participants prospectively assigned to an intervention?</strong> No, because the
assignment of participants to an intervention (and the administration of the intervention) occur
as part of an existing, separately funded clinical trial. This proposal would be considered an
ancillary study that leverages an already existing clinical trial.</li>
</ul>
<div class="flexedBetween">
<div class="flexedBetween" style="margin-right: 20px">
<i class="fas fa-times-circle text-danger" style="font-size: 1.5em; margin-right: 10px"></i>
<span class="text-danger">This study is not a clinical trial.</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!--<div class="card">
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="caseS2_NIDCR_2">
<a role="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapseS2_NIDCR_2" aria-expanded="true"
aria-controls="collapseS2_NIDCR_2" class="">
<div class="fancyHeadings">
<strong>NIDCR #2</strong>
<p>
The goal of the project is to use functional neuroimaging to distinguish patients with
temporomandibular disorders (TMD) who experience TMD pain through centralized pain processes
from those with TMD related to peripheral pain. Pain processing in a study cohort of TMD
patients and
healthy controls will be measured through functional magnetic resonance neuroimaging (fMRI)
following transient stimulation of pain pathways through multimodal automated quantitative
sensory testing (MAST QST). TMD patients will receive study questionnaires to better
correlate the
extent to which TMD pain centralization influences TMD prognosis and response to standard of
care peripherally targeted treatment (prescribed by physicians, independently of the study).
</p>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="collapseS2_NIDCR_2" class="panel-collapse collapse in" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="caseS2_NIDCR_2"
aria-expanded="true">
<div class="card-body">
<ul>
<li><strong>Does the study involve human participants?</strong> Yes.</li>
<li><strong>Are the participants prospectively assigned to an intervention?</strong> No, not in
this context. The transient stimulation of pain pathways and the fMRI are being performed to
measure and describe brain activity, but not to modify it.</li>
</ul>
<div class="flexedBetween">
<div class="flexedBetween" style="margin-right: 20px;">
<i class="fas fa-times-circle text-danger" style="font-size: 1.5em; margin-right: 10px"></i>
<span class="text-danger">This study is not a clinical trial.</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>-->
<div class="card">
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="caseS2_NIDCR_3">
<a role="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapseS2_NIDCR_3" aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="collapseS2_NIDCR_3" class="collapsed">
<div class="fancyHeadings">
<strong>NIDCR #3</strong>
<p>
An investigator proposes to perform a study of induced gingivitis in healthy humans, to study
microbial colonization and inflammation under conditions of health and disease. During a 3-week
gingivitis induction period, each study participant will use a stent to cover the teeth in one
quadrant during teeth brushing. A contralateral uncovered quadrant will be exposed to the
individual's usual oral hygiene procedures, to serve as a control. Standard clinical assessments
for gingivitis will be made and biospecimens will be collected at the point of maximal induced
gingivitis, and again after normal oral hygiene is resumed. Biospecimens will be assessed for
microbial composition and levels of inflammation-associated chemokines.
</p>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="collapseS2_NIDCR_3" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="caseS2_NIDCR_3"
aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px">
<div class="card-body">
<ul>
<li><strong>Does the study involve human participants?</strong> Yes.</li>
<li><strong>Are the participants prospectively assigned to an intervention?</strong> Yes, the
participants are prospectively assigned to an intervention, abstaining from normal oral hygiene
for a portion of the mouth, to induce gingivitis.</li>
<li><strong>Is the study designed to evaluate the effect of the intervention on the
participants?</strong> Yes, the study is designed to evaluate the effect of the induced
gingivitis on microbial composition and levels of inflammatory chemokines in oral samples.</li>
<li><strong>Is the effect being evaluated a health-related biomedical or behavioral
outcome?</strong> Yes, the microbial composition and chemokine levels in oral samples are
health-related biomedical outcomes.</li>
</ul>
<div class="flexedBetween">
<div class="flexedBetween" style="margin-right: 20px">
<i class="fas fa-check-circle text-success" style="font-size: 1.5em; margin-right: 10px"></i>
<span class="text-success">This study is a clinical trial.</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card">
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="caseS2_NIDCD_1">
<a role="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapseS2_NIDCD_1" aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="collapseS2_NIDCD_1" class="collapsed">
<div class="fancyHeadings">
<strong>NIDCD #1</strong>
<p>
The study will enroll older adults with hearing loss, comparing the effectiveness of enhanced
hearing health care (HHC) to usual HHC. In addition to routine hearing-aid consultation and
fitting, participants randomized to enhanced HCC will be provided patient-centered information
and education about a full range of hearing assistive technologies and services. Study outcomes
include the utilization of technology or services, quality of life, communication abilities, and
cognitive function.
</p>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="collapseS2_NIDCD_1" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="caseS2_NIDCD_1"
aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px">
<div class="card-body">
<ul>
<li><strong>Does the study involve human participants?</strong> Yes, the study enrolls older adults
with hearing loss.</li>
<li><strong>Are the participants prospectively assigned to an intervention?</strong> Yes,
participants are randomized to receive enhanced HCC or usual HCC interventions.</li>
<li><strong>Is the study designed to evaluate the effect of the intervention on the
participants?</strong> Yes, the study will evaluate enhanced HCCs effectiveness in
modifying participant behavior and biomedical outcomes.</li>
<li><strong>Is the effect being evaluated a health-related biomedical or behavioral
outcome?</strong> Yes, rate of technology/service utilization is a behavioral outcome and
quality of life, communications, and cognition are biomedical outcomes that may be impacted by
the interventions.</li>
</ul>
<div class="flexedBetween">
<div class="flexedBetween" style="margin-right: 20px">
<i class="fas fa-check-circle text-success" style="font-size: 1.5em; margin-right: 10px"></i>
<span class="text-success">This study is a clinical trial.</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card">
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="caseS2_NIDDK_1">
<a role="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapseS2_NIDDK_1" aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="collapseS2_NIDDK_1" class="collapsed">
<div class="fancyHeadings">
<strong>NIDDK #1</strong>
<p>The study involves the recruitment of obese individuals who will undergo a muscle biopsy before
and after either exercise training or diet-induced weight loss. Sarcolemmal 1,2-disaturated DAG
and C18:0 ceramide species and mitochondrial function will be measured. Levels will be
correlated with insulin sensitivity.</p>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="collapseS2_NIDDK_1" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="caseS2_NIDDK_1"
aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px">
<div class="card-body">
<ul>
<li><strong>Does the study involve human participants?</strong> Yes, the study involves human
participants.</li>
<li><strong>Are the participants prospectively assigned to an intervention?</strong> Yes, the
participants are assigned to either exercise training or a diet.</li>
<li><strong>Is the study designed to evaluate the effect of the intervention on the
participants?</strong> Yes, the study is designed to compare the effects of the
interventions on muscle metabolism.</li>
<li><strong>Is the effect being evaluated a health-related biomedical or behavioral
outcome?</strong> Yes, muscle metabolism/signaling is a health-related outcome.</li>
</ul>
<div class="flexedBetween">
<div class="flexedBetween" style="margin-right: 20px">
<i class="fas fa-check-circle text-success" style="font-size: 1.5em; margin-right: 10px"></i>
<span class="text-success">This study is a clinical trial.</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card">
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="caseS2_NIDDK_2">
<a role="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapseS2_NIDDK_2" aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="collapseS2_NIDDK_2" class="collapsed">
<div class="fancyHeadings">
<strong>NIDDK #2</strong>
<p>The study involves the recruitment of participants with type 2 diabetes who will undergo a muscle
biopsy before and after a fast to measure acetylation on lysine 23 of the mitochondrial solute
carrier adenine nucleotide translocase 1 (ANT1). Levels will be related to rates of fat
oxidation.</p>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="collapseS2_NIDDK_2" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="caseS2_NIDDK_2"
aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px">
<div class="card-body">
<ul>
<li><strong>Does the study involve human participants?</strong> Yes, the study involves human
participants.</li>
<li><strong>Are the participants prospectively assigned to an intervention?</strong> Yes, the
participants are assigned to undergo a fast.</li>
<li><strong>Is the study designed to evaluate the effect of the intervention on the
participants?</strong> Yes, the study is designed to compare the effects of the fast on
molecular parameters of metabolism.</li>
<li><strong>Is the effect being evaluated a health-related biomedical or behavioral
outcome?</strong> Yes, metabolism is a health-related outcome.</li>
</ul>
<div class="flexedBetween">
<div class="flexedBetween" style="margin-right: 20px">
<i class="fas fa-check-circle text-success" style="font-size: 1.5em; margin-right: 10px"></i>
<span class="text-success">This study is a clinical trial.</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card">
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="caseS2_NIDDK_3">
<a role="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapseS2_NIDDK_3" aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="collapseS2_NIDDK_3" class="collapsed">
<div class="fancyHeadings">
<strong>NIDDK #3</strong>
<p>
Insulin-resistant and insulin-sensitive nondiabetic adults who have a parent with type 2
diabetes will be followed over time to understand the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the
development of diabetes. Oral glucose tolerance tests will be performed annually to measure
insulin sensitivity and glycemic status. Participants will also undergo a brief bout of
exercise, and
mitochondrial ATP synthesis rates will be measured by assessing the rate of recovery of
phosphocreatine in the leg muscle, using 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
</p>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="collapseS2_NIDDK_3" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="caseS2_NIDDK_3"
aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px">
<div class="card-body">
<ul>
<li><strong>Does the study involve human participants?</strong> Yes, the study involves human
participants.</li>
<li><strong>Are the participants prospectively assigned to an intervention?</strong> No, the
participants are not assigned to an intervention; the OGTT and 31P MRS are measures.</li>
</ul>
<div class="flexedBetween">
<div class="flexedBetween" style="margin-right: 20px">
<i class="fas fa-times-circle text-danger" style="font-size: 1.5em; margin-right: 10px"></i>
<span class="text-danger">This study is not a clinical trial.</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card">
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="caseS2_NIDDK_4">
<a role="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapseS2_NIDDK_4" aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="collapseS2_NIDDK_4" class="collapsed">
<div class="fancyHeadings">
<strong>NIDDK #4</strong>
<p>Participants with chronic kidney disease will be recruited to receive one of two drug agents.
After 6 weeks of therapy, subjects will undergo vascular function testing and have measures of
oxidative stress evaluated in their plasma and urine. Results of the function testing and the
oxidative stress biomarkers will be related to drug treatment.</p>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="collapseS2_NIDDK_4" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="caseS2_NIDDK_4"
aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px">
<div class="card-body">
<ul>
<li><strong>Does the study involve human participants?</strong> Yes, the study involves human
participants.</li>
<li><strong>Are the participants prospectively assigned to an intervention?</strong> Yes, the
participants are assigned to receive two different drugs.</li>
<li><strong>Is the study designed to evaluate the effect of the intervention on the
participants?</strong> Yes, the study is designed to compare the effects of the drugs on
vascular function.</li>
<li><strong>Is the effect being evaluated a health-related biomedical or behavioral
outcome?</strong> Yes, vascular function is a health-related outcome.</li>
</ul>
<div class="flexedBetween">
<div class="flexedBetween" style="margin-right: 20px">
<i class="fas fa-check-circle text-success" style="font-size: 1.5em; margin-right: 10px"></i>
<span class="text-success">This study is a clinical trial.</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card">
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="caseS2_NIDDK_5">
<a role="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapseS2_NIDDK_5" aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="collapseS2_NIDDK_5" class="collapsed">
<div class="fancyHeadings">
<strong>NIDDK #5</strong>
<p>
Participants with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease will be recruited to receive an
oral curcumin therapy or placebo and the participants will undergo vascular function testing,
renal imaging to assess kidney size, and assessment of oxidative stress biomarkers in urine and
plasma after an ascorbic acid challenge. Changes in these outcomes will be related to oral
therapy.
</p>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="collapseS2_NIDDK_5" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="caseS2_NIDDK_5"
aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px">
<div class="card-body">
<ul>
<li><strong>Does the study involve human participants?</strong> Yes, the study involves human
participants.</li>
<li><strong>Are the participants prospectively assigned to an intervention?</strong> Yes, the
participants are assigned to receive medication or placebo.</li>
<li><strong>Is the study designed to evaluate the effect of the intervention on the
participants?</strong> Yes, the study is designed to compare the effects of the drugs on
vascular function and kidney size.</li>
<li><strong>Is the effect being evaluated a health-related biomedical or behavioral
outcome?</strong> Yes, vascular function and kidney size are health-related outcomes.</li>
</ul>
<div class="flexedBetween">
<div class="flexedBetween" style="margin-right: 20px">
<i class="fas fa-check-circle text-success" style="font-size: 1.5em; margin-right: 10px"></i>
<span class="text-success">This study is a clinical trial.</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card">
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="caseS2_NIDDK_6">
<a role="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapseS2_NIDDK_6" aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="collapseS2_NIDDK_6" class="collapsed">
<div class="fancyHeadings">
<strong>NIDDK #6</strong>
<p>Kidney transplant recipients will be recruited to undergo an experimental imaging procedure at
several timepoints up to 4 months post-transplantation. Output from the images will be related
to pathological assessments of the transplant as well as clinical measures of renal function.
</p>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="collapseS2_NIDDK_6" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="caseS2_NIDDK_6"
aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px">
<div class="card-body">
<ul>
<li><strong>Does the study involve human participants?</strong> Yes, the study involves human
participants.</li>
<li><strong>Are the participants prospectively assigned to an intervention?</strong> No, the
participants are not assigned to receive an intervention. They undergo transplantation as part
of their routine clinical care. The imaging procedure is a measure and not an intervention.</li>
</ul>
<div class="flexedBetween">
<div class="flexedBetween" style="margin-right: 20px">
<i class="fas fa-times-circle text-danger" style="font-size: 1.5em; margin-right: 10px"></i>
<span class="text-danger">This study is not a clinical trial.</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card">
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="caseS2_NIDDK_7">
<a role="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapseS2_NIDDK_7" aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="collapseS2_NIDDK_7" class="collapsed">
<div class="fancyHeadings">
<strong>NIDDK #7</strong>
<p>
The study proposes the development of a novel probe to assess clearance of a nutritional
metabolite in a given disease state. The probe is a GMP grade, deuterated, intravenously
administered tracer and clearance is assessed by mass spectrometry analysis of serial blood
draws. Participants will either receive a micronutrient supplement or will receive no
supplementation. The
clearance rate of the probe will be compared in the two groups, to understand the performance of
the probe.
</p>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="collapseS2_NIDDK_7" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="caseS2_NIDDK_7"
aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px">
<div class="card-body">
<ul>
<li><strong>Does the study involve human participants?</strong> Yes, the study involves human
participants.</li>
<li><strong>Are the participants prospectively assigned to an intervention?</strong> Yes, the
participants are assigned to receive either a micronutrient supplement or nothing.</li>
<li><strong>Is the study designed to evaluate the effect of the intervention on the
participants?</strong> No, the intervention is being used to assess the performance of the
probe and is not looking at an effect on the participant.</li>
</ul>
<div class="flexedBetween">
<div class="flexedBetween" style="margin-right: 20px">
<i class="fas fa-times-circle text-danger" style="font-size: 1.5em; margin-right: 10px"></i>
<span class="text-danger">This study is not a clinical trial.</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="card">
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="caseS2_NIDDK_8">
<a role="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" href="#collapseS2_top" aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="collapseS2_top" class="collapsed">
<div class="fancyHeadings">
<strong>NIDDK #8</strong>
<p>
In order to assess the contribution of ingested glycolate to oxalate production, healthy
participants will be recruited to a study involving the consumption of a controlled diet for
three days, followed by an infusion of 13C2-glycolate. Blood and urine will be collected during
the subsequent 24 hours to assess the amount of labeled glycolate in plasma and urine oxalate.
</p>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="collapseS2_top" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="caseS2_NIDDK_8"
aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px">
<div class="card-body">
<ul>
<li><strong>Does the study involve human participants?</strong> Yes, the study involves human
participants.</li>
<li><strong>Are the participants prospectively assigned to an intervention?</strong> Yes, the
participants are assigned to receive a controlled diet for three days.</li>
<li><strong>Is the study designed to evaluate the effect of the intervention on the
participants?</strong> No, the intervention (controlled diet) is being used to minimize
exogenous dietary sources of oxalate in the participants prior to the labeled tracer infusion.
The study will not be evaluating the effect of the diet on the participants.</li>
</ul>
<div class="flexedBetween">
<div class="flexedBetween" style="margin-right: 20px">
<i class="fas fa-times-circle text-danger" style="font-size: 1.5em; margin-right: 10px"></i>
<span class="text-danger">This study is not a clinical trial.</span>
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<li>
<a href="/policy-and-compliance/policy-topics/clinical-trials/ct-decision">Decision Tool: Does Your Human Subjects Research Study Meet the NIH Definition of a Clinical Trial?</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/policy-and-compliance/policy-topics/clinical-trials/definition">NIH Definition of a Clinical Trial</a>
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