947 lines
70 KiB
Text
947 lines
70 KiB
Text
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
||
<html lang="en" dir="ltr">
|
||
<head>
|
||
<meta charset="utf-8" />
|
||
<meta name="description" content="Humans are complex beings, but our inner workings operate using basic biological processes shaped and repurposed over hundreds of millions of years of evolution. By providing critical insights into these processes, decades of research using model organisms has been central to progress toward understanding and treating a range of human diseases – including neurologic, psychiatric, and neurodegenerative conditions." />
|
||
<link rel="canonical" href="http://www.braininitiative.nih.gov/news-events/blog/brain-director-value-model-organisms-understanding-human-brain" />
|
||
<meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" />
|
||
<meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" />
|
||
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no" />
|
||
<script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':
|
||
new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],
|
||
j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src=
|
||
'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);
|
||
})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-NX9DPGD');</script>
|
||
<meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge" />
|
||
<link rel="icon" href="/themes/custom/brain_bootstrap/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" />
|
||
|
||
<title>From the BRAIN Director: The Value of Model Organisms for Understanding the Human Brain | BRAIN Initiative</title>
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/themes/base/core.css?srzz9b" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/themes/base/autocomplete.css?srzz9b" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/themes/base/menu.css?srzz9b" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/align.module.css?srzz9b" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/fieldgroup.module.css?srzz9b" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/container-inline.module.css?srzz9b" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/clearfix.module.css?srzz9b" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/details.module.css?srzz9b" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/hidden.module.css?srzz9b" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/item-list.module.css?srzz9b" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/js.module.css?srzz9b" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/nowrap.module.css?srzz9b" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/position-container.module.css?srzz9b" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/reset-appearance.module.css?srzz9b" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/resize.module.css?srzz9b" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/system-status-counter.css?srzz9b" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/system-status-report-counters.css?srzz9b" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/system-status-report-general-info.css?srzz9b" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/tablesort.module.css?srzz9b" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/misc/components/progress.module.css?srzz9b" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/misc/components/ajax-progress.module.css?srzz9b" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/misc/components/autocomplete-loading.module.css?srzz9b" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/contrib/webform/css/webform.form.css?srzz9b" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/contrib/webform/css/webform.element.details.toggle.css?srzz9b" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/contrib/webform/css/webform.element.message.css?srzz9b" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/contrib/webform/css/webform.composite.css?srzz9b" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/filter/css/filter.caption.css?srzz9b" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/media/css/filter.caption.css?srzz9b" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/themes/base/theme.css?srzz9b" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/custom/brain/css/brain_toolbar.css?srzz9b" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/contrib/ninds_config/css/styles.css?srzz9b" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/contrib/solr_config/css/search.css?srzz9b" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/contrib/solr_config/css/search_highlight.css?srzz9b" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/contrib/extlink/extlink.css?srzz9b" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/contrib/webform/css/webform.ajax.css?srzz9b" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/contrib/cacheable_recaptcha/css/recaptcha.css?srzz9b" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/contrib/ninds_config/css/textarea_overrides.css?srzz9b" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/contrib/ninds_config/css/webform-vote.css?srzz9b" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/contrib/glossary/css/glossary.css?srzz9b" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/contrib/search_api_autocomplete/css/search_api_autocomplete.css?srzz9b" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/css/components/affix.css?srzz9b" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/css/components/contextual.css?srzz9b" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/css/components/item-list.css?srzz9b" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/css/components/media.css?srzz9b" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/css/components/page.css?srzz9b" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/css/components/search-form.css?srzz9b" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/css/components/skip-link.css?srzz9b" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/css/components/toolbar.css?srzz9b" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/css/components/form.css?srzz9b" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/contrib/ninds_base_theme_barrio/css/bootstrap/bootstrap.min.css?srzz9b" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/contrib/ninds_base_theme_barrio/css/fontawesome-all.css?srzz9b" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/contrib/ninds_base_theme_barrio/css/fontawesome-sharp-regular.css?srzz9b" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/contrib/ninds_base_theme_barrio/css/fontawesome-sharp-solid.css?srzz9b" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/contrib/ninds_base_theme_barrio/css/fontawesome-sharp-light.css?srzz9b" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/contrib/ninds_base_theme_barrio/css/style.css?srzz9b" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="/themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/css/print.css?srzz9b" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/brain_bootstrap/css/style.css?srzz9b" />
|
||
|
||
|
||
</head>
|
||
<body class="layout-one-sidebar layout-sidebar-first page-node-275 path-node node--type-blog-entry">
|
||
<a href="#main-content" class="visually-hidden focusable skip-link">
|
||
Skip to main content
|
||
</a>
|
||
<noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-NX9DPGD" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe>
|
||
</noscript>
|
||
|
||
<div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas>
|
||
<div id="page-wrapper">
|
||
<div id="page">
|
||
<header id="header" class="header" role="banner" aria-label="Site header">
|
||
<section class="usa-banner" aria-label="Official government website">
|
||
<div class="container">
|
||
<div class="usa-accordion" id="usaBanner">
|
||
<div id="usaHeader" class="row no-gutters">
|
||
<div class="usa-img-wrapper col-auto">
|
||
<img class="usa-banner__header-flag" src="/themes/contrib/ninds_base_theme_barrio/assets/images/theme/us_flag_small.png" alt="U.S. flag">
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="usa-text-wrapper col">
|
||
<div class="usa-header-text d-sm-inline-block">An official website of the United States government</div>
|
||
<button class="usa-banner-link btn-link collapsed" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#usaBodyWrapper" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="usaBodyWrapper">
|
||
Here’s how you know<i class="fas fa-chevron-down"></i>
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="usaBodyWrapper" class="collapse" aria-labelledby="usaHeader" data-parent="#usaBanner">
|
||
<div id="usaBody" class="row">
|
||
<div class="usa-banner__guidance col-sm-6">
|
||
<div class="row">
|
||
<div class="usa-media-block__img col-auto">
|
||
<img src="/themes/contrib/ninds_base_theme_barrio/assets/images/theme/icon-dot-gov.svg" role="img" alt="" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="usa-media-block__body col">
|
||
<div class="font-weight-bold">Official websites use .gov </div>
|
||
A
|
||
<span class="font-weight-bold">.gov</span>
|
||
website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="usa-banner__guidance col-sm-6">
|
||
<div class="row">
|
||
<div class="usa-media-block__img col-auto">
|
||
<img src="/themes/contrib/ninds_base_theme_barrio/assets/images/theme/icon-https.svg" role="img" alt="" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="usa-media-block__body col">
|
||
<div class="font-weight-bold">Secure .gov websites use HTTPS</div>
|
||
<div>
|
||
A lock
|
||
<span class="font-weight-bold">(</span>
|
||
<i class="fas fa-lock"></i>
|
||
<span class="font-weight-bold">)</span>
|
||
or
|
||
<span class="font-weight-bold">https://</span>
|
||
means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="navbar" id="navbar-top" aria-label="Site Search">
|
||
<div class="container">
|
||
<a class="navbar-brand" href="/">
|
||
<img class="navbar-img img-fluid"
|
||
src="/themes/custom/brain_bootstrap/assets/images/layout/header/brain_logo.webp"
|
||
srcset="/themes/custom/brain_bootstrap/assets/images/layout/header/brain_logo.webp 1500w, /themes/custom/brain_bootstrap/assets/images/layout/header/mobile_brain_logo.webp 600w"
|
||
sizes="(max-width: 992px) 100px, 800px"
|
||
alt="BRAIN Initiative - Home" />
|
||
</a>
|
||
<img class="float-right d-print-block d-none" alt role="presentation" src="data:image/png;base64,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"/>
|
||
|
||
<div class="mobile-icons-container d-lg-none">
|
||
<button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#collapseSearch" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseSearch">
|
||
<i aria-hidden="true" class="fas fa-search" title="Search"></i>
|
||
<span class="sr-only">Search</span>
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#CollapsingNavbar" aria-controls="CollapsingNavbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
|
||
<i aria-hidden="true" class="fas fa-bars mobile-menu-button" title="Menu"></i><span class="sr-only">Menu</span>
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="d-none d-lg-inline-block site-search navbar-form">
|
||
<section class="region region-top-header-form">
|
||
<div class="views-exposed-form block block-views block-views-exposed-filter-blocksite-search-page-1" data-drupal-selector="views-exposed-form-site-search-page-1" id="block-brain-bootstrap-exposedformsite-searchpage-1">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
|
||
<form block="brain_bootstrap_exposedformsite_searchpage_1" action="/search" method="get" id="views-exposed-form-site-search-page-1" accept-charset="UTF-8" class="form-inline">
|
||
<div class="form-group">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<fieldset class="js-form-item js-form-type-search-api-autocomplete form-type-search-api-autocomplete js-form-item-search-api-fulltext form-item-search-api-fulltext form-group">
|
||
<label for="edit-search-api-fulltext">Search</label>
|
||
<input placeholder="Search" data-drupal-selector="edit-search-api-fulltext" data-search-api-autocomplete-search="site_search" class="form-autocomplete form-control" data-autocomplete-path="/search_api_autocomplete/site_search?display=page_1&&filter=search_api_fulltext" type="text" id="edit-search-api-fulltext" name="search_api_fulltext" value="" size="30" maxlength="128" />
|
||
|
||
</fieldset>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="form-group site-search-submit ">
|
||
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-search" aria-label="Submit Search"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</form>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
<div class="navbar navbar-expand-lg" id="navbar-main">
|
||
<div class="container-fluid">
|
||
<div class="mobile-search-form site-search collapse" id="collapseSearch">
|
||
<section class="region region-header-form">
|
||
<div class="views-exposed-form block block-views block-views-exposed-filter-blocksite-search-page-2" data-drupal-selector="views-exposed-form-site-search-page-2" id="block-brain-bootstrap-exposedformsite-searchpage-2">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
|
||
<form block="brain_bootstrap_exposedformsite_searchpage_2" action="/search" method="get" id="views-exposed-form-site-search-page-2" accept-charset="UTF-8" class="form-inline">
|
||
<div class="form-group">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<fieldset class="js-form-item js-form-type-search-api-autocomplete form-type-search-api-autocomplete js-form-item-search-api-fulltext form-item-search-api-fulltext form-group">
|
||
<label for="edit-search-api-fulltext--2">Search</label>
|
||
<input placeholder="Search" data-drupal-selector="edit-search-api-fulltext" data-search-api-autocomplete-search="site_search" class="form-autocomplete form-control" data-autocomplete-path="/search_api_autocomplete/site_search?display=page_2&&filter=search_api_fulltext" type="text" id="edit-search-api-fulltext--2" name="search_api_fulltext" value="" size="30" maxlength="128" />
|
||
|
||
</fieldset>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="form-group site-search-submit ">
|
||
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-search" aria-label="Submit Search"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</form>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="container">
|
||
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="CollapsingNavbar">
|
||
<nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-brain-bootstrap-mainnavigation-menu" id="block-brain-bootstrap-mainnavigation" class="block block-menu navigation menu--main">
|
||
|
||
<h2 class="sr-only" id="block-brain-bootstrap-mainnavigation-menu">Main navigation</h2>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul block="brain_bootstrap_mainnavigation" class="clearfix nav navbar-nav">
|
||
<li class="nav-item menu-item--expanded dropdown">
|
||
<div class="btn-group">
|
||
<span class="nav-link" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="main-nav-1" role="link">Funding</span>
|
||
<button type="button" class="dropdown-toggle dropdown-toggle-split" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="main-nav-1">
|
||
<span class="sr-only">Toggle Funding Dropdown</span>
|
||
</button>
|
||
<ul class="dropdown-menu" tabindex="-1" id="main-nav-1">
|
||
<li class="dropdown-item menu-item--collapsed">
|
||
<a href="/funding/funding-opportunities" class="nav-link--funding-funding-opportunities" data-drupal-link-system-path="funding/funding-opportunities">Funding Opportunities</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="dropdown-item">
|
||
<a href="/funding/funded-awards" class="nav-link--funding-funded-awards" data-drupal-link-system-path="funding/funded-awards">Funded Awards</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="dropdown-item">
|
||
<a href="/funding/approved-initiative-concepts" class="nav-link--funding-approved-initiative-concepts" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/241">Approved Initiative Concepts</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="dropdown-item">
|
||
<a href="/funding/understanding-brain-initiative-budget" class="nav-link--funding-understanding-brain-initiative-budget" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4722">Understanding the BRAIN Initiative Budget</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="nav-item menu-item--expanded dropdown">
|
||
<div class="btn-group">
|
||
<span class="nav-link" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="main-nav-2" role="link">Research</span>
|
||
<button type="button" class="dropdown-toggle dropdown-toggle-split" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="main-nav-2">
|
||
<span class="sr-only">Toggle Research Dropdown</span>
|
||
</button>
|
||
<ul class="dropdown-menu" tabindex="-1" id="main-nav-2">
|
||
<li class="dropdown-item">
|
||
<a href="/research/research-overview" class="nav-link--research-research-overview" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/248">Research Overview</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="dropdown-item menu-item--collapsed">
|
||
<a href="/research/tools-and-technologies-brain-cells-and-circuits" class="nav-link--research-tools-and-technologies-brain-cells-and-circuits" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/218">Tools and Technologies for Brain Cells and Circuits</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="dropdown-item menu-item--collapsed">
|
||
<a href="/research/data-science-and-informatics" class="nav-link--research-data-science-and-informatics" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/230">Data Science and Informatics</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="dropdown-item menu-item--collapsed">
|
||
<a href="/research/dissemination" class="nav-link--research-dissemination" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/229">Dissemination</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="dropdown-item menu-item--collapsed">
|
||
<a href="/research/human-neuroscience" class="nav-link--research-human-neuroscience" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/228">Human Neuroscience</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="dropdown-item">
|
||
<a href="/research/neuroethics" class="nav-link--research-neuroethics" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/226">Neuroethics</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="dropdown-item menu-item--collapsed">
|
||
<a href="/research/systems-neuroscience" class="nav-link--research-systems-neuroscience" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/224">Systems Neuroscience</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="dropdown-item menu-item--collapsed">
|
||
<a href="/research/neuroimaging-technologies-across-scales" class="nav-link--research-neuroimaging-technologies-across-scales" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/225">Neuroimaging Technologies Across Scales</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="dropdown-item menu-item--collapsed">
|
||
<a href="/research/neural-recording-and-modulation" class="nav-link--research-neural-recording-and-modulation" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/227">Neural Recording and Modulation</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="dropdown-item menu-item--collapsed">
|
||
<a href="/research/training" class="nav-link--research-training" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/223">Training</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="nav-item menu-item--expanded active dropdown">
|
||
<div class="btn-group">
|
||
<span class="nav-link" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="main-nav-3" role="link">News & Events</span>
|
||
<button type="button" class="dropdown-toggle dropdown-toggle-split" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="main-nav-3">
|
||
<span class="sr-only">Toggle News & Events Dropdown</span>
|
||
</button>
|
||
<ul class="dropdown-menu" tabindex="-1" id="main-nav-3">
|
||
<li class="dropdown-item">
|
||
<a href="/news-events/news" class="nav-link--news-events-news" data-drupal-link-system-path="news-events/news">News</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="dropdown-item menu-item--collapsed">
|
||
<a href="/news-events/events" title="Listing of Upcoming Evnts" class="nav-link--news-events-events" data-drupal-link-system-path="news-events/events">Events</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="dropdown-item active">
|
||
<a href="/news-events/blog" title="Latest updates from the BRAIN Blog" class="active nav-link--news-events-blog" data-drupal-link-system-path="news-events/blog">The BRAIN Blog</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="dropdown-item">
|
||
<a href="/news-events/brain-initiative-photo-and-video-contest" class="nav-link--news-events-brain-initiative-photo-and-video-contest" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/252">The BRAIN Initiative Photo and Video Contest</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="dropdown-item">
|
||
<a href="/news-events/communications-toolkit" class="nav-link--news-events-communications-toolkit" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4724">Communications Toolkit</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="nav-item menu-item--expanded dropdown">
|
||
<div class="btn-group">
|
||
<span class="nav-link" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="main-nav-4" role="link">Vision</span>
|
||
<button type="button" class="dropdown-toggle dropdown-toggle-split" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="main-nav-4">
|
||
<span class="sr-only">Toggle Vision Dropdown</span>
|
||
</button>
|
||
<ul class="dropdown-menu" tabindex="-1" id="main-nav-4">
|
||
<li class="dropdown-item menu-item--collapsed">
|
||
<a href="/vision/nih-brain-initiative-reports" class="nav-link--vision-nih-brain-initiative-reports" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1036">NIH BRAIN Initiative Reports</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="dropdown-item">
|
||
<a href="/vision/transformative-projects" class="nav-link--vision-transformative-projects" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/222">Transformative Projects</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="dropdown-item">
|
||
<a href="/vision/priority-areas" class="nav-link--vision-priority-areas" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/246">Priority Areas</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="nav-item menu-item--expanded dropdown">
|
||
<div class="btn-group">
|
||
<span class="nav-link" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="main-nav-5" role="link">About</span>
|
||
<button type="button" class="dropdown-toggle dropdown-toggle-split" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="main-nav-5">
|
||
<span class="sr-only">Toggle About Dropdown</span>
|
||
</button>
|
||
<ul class="dropdown-menu" tabindex="-1" id="main-nav-5">
|
||
<li class="dropdown-item">
|
||
<a href="/about/overview" class="nav-link--about-overview" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/214">Overview</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="dropdown-item">
|
||
<a href="/about/directors-corner" title="BRAIN Director's Corner" class="nav-link--about-directors-corner" data-drupal-link-system-path="about/directors-corner">Director's Corner</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="dropdown-item">
|
||
<a href="/about/multi-council-working-group" class="nav-link--about-multi-council-working-group" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/244">Multi-Council Working Group</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="dropdown-item">
|
||
<a href="/about/neuroethics-working-group" class="nav-link--about-neuroethics-working-group" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/212">Neuroethics Working Group</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="dropdown-item">
|
||
<a href="/about/brain-partners" class="nav-link--about-brain-partners" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/211">BRAIN Partners</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="dropdown-item">
|
||
<a href="/about/resources" class="nav-link--about-resources" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/243">Resources</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="dropdown-item">
|
||
<a href="/about/careers" class="nav-link--about-careers" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/863">Careers</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="dropdown-item">
|
||
<a href="/about/contact-us" class="nav-link--about-contact-us" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1040">Contact the NIH BRAIN Initiative</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</header>
|
||
<div class="highlighted">
|
||
<aside class="container section clearfix" role="complementary">
|
||
<div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</aside>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="main-wrapper" class="layout-main-wrapper clearfix">
|
||
<div id="main" class="container">
|
||
<section class="row region region-breadcrumb">
|
||
<div id="block-brain-bootstrap-breadcrumbs" class="col block block-system block-system-breadcrumb-block">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<nav role="navigation" aria-label="breadcrumb">
|
||
<ol class="breadcrumb">
|
||
<li class="breadcrumb-item">
|
||
<a href="/">Home</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="breadcrumb-item no-link">
|
||
News & Events
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="block-brain-bootstrap-sharethis" class="col-auto block block-ninds-share-this block-share-this">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
|
||
<div class="clear-both share-this-buttons">
|
||
<span class="share-this-text">SHARE: </span>
|
||
<a title="Share on Facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=http://www.braininitiative.nih.gov/news-events/blog/brain-director-value-model-organisms-understanding-human-brain"><i class="fab fa-facebook"></i></a>
|
||
|
||
<a title="Share on X (Formerly Twitter)" href="https://twitter.com/share?text=From the BRAIN Director: The Value of Model Organisms for Understanding the Human Brain&url=http://www.braininitiative.nih.gov/news-events/blog/brain-director-value-model-organisms-understanding-human-brain&hashtags=NINDS"><i class="fa-brands fa-x-twitter"></i></a>
|
||
<a title="Share on Reddit" href="https://www.reddit.com/submit?url=http://www.braininitiative.nih.gov/news-events/blog/brain-director-value-model-organisms-understanding-human-brain&title=From the BRAIN Director: The Value of Model Organisms for Understanding the Human Brain"><i class="fab fa-reddit-alien"></i></a>
|
||
<a title="Email this Page" href="mailto:?subject=From the BRAIN Director: The Value of Model Organisms for Understanding the Human Brain&body=http://www.braininitiative.nih.gov/news-events/blog/brain-director-value-model-organisms-understanding-human-brain"><i class="fas fa-envelope"></i></a>
|
||
<a id="print-page" title="Print" href="#"><i class="fas fa-print"></i></a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
<div class="row row-offcanvas row-offcanvas-left clearfix main-row">
|
||
<main class="main-content col" id="content" role="main">
|
||
<section class="section">
|
||
<a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a>
|
||
<div id="block-brain-bootstrap-page-title" class="block block-core block-page-title-block">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
|
||
<h1 class="title"><span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">From the BRAIN Director: The Value of Model Organisms for Understanding the Human Brain</span>
|
||
</h1>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="block-brain-bootstrap-mainpagecontent" class="block block-system block-system-main-block">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<article class="node node--type-blog-entry node--view-mode-full clearfix">
|
||
<header>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</header>
|
||
<div class="node__content clearfix">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="field field--name-field-simple-date field--type-datetime field--label-hidden field__item"><time datetime="2023-03-14T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">March 14, 2023</time>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="field field--name-field-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="image half_width drupal-media-object">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-visually_hidden">
|
||
<div class="field__label visually-hidden">Image</div>
|
||
<div class="field__item"> <picture>
|
||
<source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/half_width_extra_large/public/migrate-images/BRAIN_director_JohnNgai_1280x720.jpg?itok=-dfs7aaQ 1x" media="all and (min-width: 75em)" type="image/jpeg" width="397" height="223"/>
|
||
<source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/half_width_large/public/migrate-images/BRAIN_director_JohnNgai_1280x720.jpg?itok=isZgMU4S 1x" media="all and (min-width: 62em) and (max-width: 74.99em)" type="image/jpeg" width="330" height="186"/>
|
||
<source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/half_width_medium/public/migrate-images/BRAIN_director_JohnNgai_1280x720.jpg?itok=tlwkKHmy 1x" media="all and (min-width: 48em) and (max-width: 61.99em)" type="image/jpeg" width="240" height="135"/>
|
||
<source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/half_width_small/public/migrate-images/BRAIN_director_JohnNgai_1280x720.jpg?itok=Uc3BLbKP 1x" media="all and (min-width: 34em) and (max-width: 47.99em)" type="image/jpeg" width="220" height="124"/>
|
||
<img loading="eager" src="/sites/default/files/styles/half_width_small/public/migrate-images/BRAIN_director_JohnNgai_1280x720.jpg?itok=Uc3BLbKP" width="220" height="124" alt="photo of John Ngai" />
|
||
|
||
</picture>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Humans are complex beings, but our inner workings operate using basic biological processes shaped and repurposed over hundreds of millions of years of evolution. By providing critical insights into these processes, decades of research using model organisms has been central to progress toward understanding and treating a range of human diseases – including neurologic, psychiatric, and neurodegenerative conditions. </p>
|
||
|
||
<p>Neuroscience knowledge gained through research helped by the relative simplicity of model organisms has generated many principles, or “ground truths,” about the biology of the brain. From these ground truths we can infer function. One profound example: in terms of their electrical properties, neurons basically work the same in all living organisms. We learned about the underlying principles of neuronal excitability <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1392413/">more than 70 years ago</a> through the experiments of Hodgkin and Huxley using outsized (and easy to see) nerve cells of the giant squid. Nervous systems simpler than our own give us the chance to reveal and model new ideas, principles, and tools before applying them to more complex brains that we know far less about. </p>
|
||
|
||
<p>Through ongoing discovery and the application of new tools, the NIH BRAIN Initiative continues to uncover and build on previous discoveries from research using a range of model systems. One such example is a recently published finding about some of the physiological mechanisms underlying sensory perception and behavior from Dr. Matthieu Louis of the University of California, Santa Barbara. In this <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9757753/">BRAIN-funded work</a>, Louis and his team used larval <em>Drosophila</em> (juvenile fruit flies) to reveal how brain circuits manage sensory overload and allow the animal to complete a task at hand. Using this simple yet nimble model system in combination with powerful genetic, optogenetic, behavioral, and computational tools, Louis and his colleagues revealed that the fly larva’s olfactory system employs a mechanism known as “depolarization block.” This process stops the flow of electrical signals through voltage-gated ion channels in sensory neurons when an odor is strong (for example, when the larva gets very close to a ripe banana that’s emitting an attractive smell). By silencing these “saturated” or overloaded sensory neurons, the system can now respond to other neurons that are less sensitive to the odor (and therefore not blocked). In this way, depolarization block allows the system as a whole to remain responsive to an attractive odor even as it approaches the odor’s source, where the concentrations will be very high. This in turn allows the animal to complete the important task of navigating toward the food.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>Are these observations relevant only to a fruit fly larva searching for food? Probably not. Several decades ago working with newts, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8016645/">meticulous measurements by Drs. Takahashi Kurahashi, Graeme Lowe, and Geoffrey Gold</a> showed that very high concentrations of odors suppressed the responses of <em>amphibian</em> olfactory sensory neurons. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9041454/">Subsequent work went on to show</a> that voltage-gated sodium channels (like those blocked in fruit fly larva) were targets of the newts’ odor-induced suppression. For me, it’s breathtaking that depolarization block can be found in the olfactory sensory systems of invertebrates (like flies) and vertebrates (like newts) spanning hundreds of millions of years of evolution. And since the initial discovery of depolarization block in newts, the evolution in experimental and computational approaches has allowed – using the fruit fly larva – a deeper understanding of the mechanisms behind this phenomenon and how it might be used to influence sensory-guided behaviors. This is also not likely the end of the story, because depolarization block has been linked to debilitating conditions that affect humans, such as migraines and epileptic seizures. </p>
|
||
|
||
<p>BRAIN-funded research adds to a growing list of fundamental principles identified through research with model organisms like yeast, flies, worms, and mice. For example, work in the roundworm <em>C. elegans</em> has taught us how nervous systems develop and synapses form, revealing that the process – including the genes and proteins involved – appears to be remarkably similar across organisms. The roundworm has been transformative for neuroscience in part because we have complete catalogs of all the animal’s cells, genes, as well as a <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8756380/">comprehensive wiring diagram</a> of its nervous system. And just recently, <a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.add9330">a detailed wiring diagram</a> of a complete larval fruit fly brain was revealed, work that was supported in part by the BRAIN Initiative. New wiring diagrams in ever more complex animals (with more yet to come from new <a href="https://brainblog.nih.gov/brain-blog/nih-brain-initiative-launches-projects-develop-cell-atlases-and-molecular-tools-cell">transformative projects</a> such as the BRAIN Initiative Connectivity across Scales [<a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="f20d8f00-910c-4571-8642-c873c49c1265" href="/research/neuroimaging-technologies-across-scales/brain-initiative-connectivity-across-scales">BRAIN CONNECTS</a><u>]</u> project) will continue to firm up what we know about the organization of brain circuits and how they process information.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>Beyond providing windows into the marvelous beauty and complexity of brains and nervous systems, discoveries made in model organisms also offer fertile territory for prototyping new tools, some of which may ultimately be applied for new therapies in humans. For example, since neurons operate in much the same way from squids to humans, BRAIN-funded research aiming to change the activity of neurons using light, or to deliver payloads to brain circuits using viruses, or to implant sensors to understand how hallucinogens affect the brain, may point to new treatment and prevention strategies for a variety of neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. </p>
|
||
|
||
<p>But the value of model organisms isn’t limited to cases where they can directly predict what happens in larger brains, including those in humans. It’s that systems simpler and more well-characterized than humans provide facile models for formulating, testing, and ultimately falsifying – or “truthifying” – hypotheses about how brain cells and circuits underlie complex behaviors in health and disease. Even when a model system is shown not to have a direct correlate in human brain biology, we learn something about how evolution has shaped a solution for an organism’s particular context. Deep understanding of biology’s rules through deconstruction and reconstruction of processes in systems simpler than humans should help us learn how to reprogram pathways and circuits to repair or restore function when needed. Insights enabled by new tools and grounded in evolutionary principles comprise a cornerstone of the BRAIN Initiative, which is aimed at accelerating discovery in search of new knowledge and new cures.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>With respect and gratitude,</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>John Ngai, Ph.D.<br>
|
||
Director, <a href="/glossary?title=NIH" class="glossary-tooltip" data-toggle="tooltip" title="National Institutes of Health - A Federal agency whose mission is to improve the health of the people of the United States. NIH is a part of the Public Health Service, which is part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. ">NIH</a> <a href="/glossary?title=BRAIN" class="glossary-tooltip" data-toggle="tooltip" title="The Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies Initiative aims to accelerate the development and application of innovate technologies to produce a new, dynamic picture of the brain.">BRAIN</a> Initiative</p></div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</article>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="block-webform-2" class="block block-webform block-webform-block">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
<span id="webform-submission-subscription-webform-node-275-form-ajax-content"></span><div id="webform-submission-subscription-webform-node-275-form-ajax" class="webform-ajax-form-wrapper" data-effect="fade" data-progress-type="fullscreen">
|
||
<form class="webform-submission-form webform-submission-add-form webform-submission-subscription-webform-form webform-submission-subscription-webform-add-form webform-submission-subscription-webform-node-275-form webform-submission-subscription-webform-node-275-add-form js-webform-details-toggle webform-details-toggle" data-drupal-selector="webform-submission-subscription-webform-node-275-add-form" action="/news-events/blog/brain-director-value-model-organisms-understanding-human-brain" method="post" id="webform-submission-subscription-webform-node-275-add-form" accept-charset="UTF-8">
|
||
|
||
<input data-drupal-selector="edit-subscription" type="hidden" name="subscription" value="blog_entry" class="form-control" />
|
||
<input data-drupal-selector="edit-subscription-name" type="hidden" name="subscription_name" value="The BRAIN Blog" class="form-control" />
|
||
<div class="recaptcha_container js-form-wrapper form-group" data-sitekey="6LdBRjgeAAAAAMxQXlEJoHa3fp0iQH54b61cqiCy" data-drupal-selector="edit-recaptcha-container" id="edit-recaptcha-container"></div>
|
||
<div class="col-lg-8 col-12 js-form-wrapper form-group" data-drupal-selector="edit-left-content" id="edit-left-content">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<fieldset id="edit-content" class="js-form-item js-form-type-processed-text form-type-processed-text js-form-item- form-item- form-no-label form-group">
|
||
<h2><a href="/news-events/blog">Latest from The BRAIN Blog</a></h2>
|
||
|
||
<p>The BRAIN Blog covers updates and announcements on BRAIN Initiative research, events, and news. </p>
|
||
|
||
<p>Hear from BRAIN Initiative trainees, learn about new scientific advancements, and find out about recent funding opportunities by visiting The BRAIN Blog.</p>
|
||
</fieldset>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="col-lg-4 no-gutter d-lg-flex d-none js-form-wrapper form-group" data-drupal-selector="edit-right-content" id="edit-right-content">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<fieldset id="edit-image" class="js-form-item js-form-type-processed-text form-type-processed-text js-form-item- form-item- form-no-label form-group">
|
||
<div class="align-center image full drupal-media-object">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-visually_hidden">
|
||
<div class="field__label visually-hidden">Image</div>
|
||
<div class="field__item"> <picture>
|
||
<source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/full_width_extra_large/public/2023-07/brain_blog_image_2x.jpg?itok=8PN5ZARP 1x" media="all and (min-width: 75em)" type="image/jpeg" width="550" height="550">
|
||
<source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/full_width_/public/2023-07/brain_blog_image_2x.jpg?itok=kJTfeU5f 1x" media="all and (min-width: 62em) and (max-width: 74.99em)" type="image/jpeg" width="550" height="550">
|
||
<source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/full_width_medium/public/2023-07/brain_blog_image_2x.jpg?itok=EauiAWxj 1x" media="all and (min-width: 48em) and (max-width: 61.99em)" type="image/jpeg" width="480" height="480">
|
||
<source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/full_width_small/public/2023-07/brain_blog_image_2x.jpg?itok=bfbKqZe6 1x" media="all and (min-width: 34em) and (max-width: 47.99em)" type="image/jpeg" width="440" height="440">
|
||
<img loading="eager" src="/sites/default/files/styles/full_width_small/public/2023-07/brain_blog_image_2x.jpg?itok=bfbKqZe6" width="440" height="440" alt="black and white image of people working on laptops at a counter height table on stools at the annual BRAIN meeting">
|
||
|
||
</picture>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</fieldset>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<input data-drupal-selector="form-pyrlayxglkbrmcvjyif5zv12m7gnjph2h2gykokqpzy" type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-pyrlAyXGlkbrMcvJYif5ZV12m7gnjph2H2gYKOkQPzY" class="form-control" />
|
||
<input data-drupal-selector="edit-webform-submission-subscription-webform-node-275-add-form" type="hidden" name="form_id" value="webform_submission_subscription_webform_node_275_add_form" class="form-control" />
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
</main>
|
||
<div class="sidebar_first sidebar order-first col-lg-3 d-block" id="sidebar_first">
|
||
<aside class="section" role="complementary" aria-label="First Sidebar">
|
||
<nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-mainnavigation-4-menu" id="block-mainnavigation-4" class="block block-menu navigation menu--main">
|
||
|
||
<h3 id="block-mainnavigation-4-menu">News & Events</h3>
|
||
|
||
<a class="fa-toggle collapsed d-block d-lg-none" data-toggle="collapse" href="#mobile-menu-toggle" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="mobile-menu-toggle">
|
||
<i class="fas fa-plus"></i>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<div class="collapse" id="mobile-menu-toggle">
|
||
|
||
<ul block="mainnavigation_4" class="clearfix nav navbar-nav depth-0">
|
||
|
||
<li class="nav-item">
|
||
<a href="/news-events/news" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="news-events/news">News</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="nav-item menu-item--expanded dropdown">
|
||
<a href="/news-events/events" title="Listing of Upcoming Evnts" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="news-events/events">Events</a>
|
||
<a class="fa-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" href="#menu--0-0-2" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu--0-0-2" aria-label="Events subpages">
|
||
<i class="fas fa-chevron-right"></i>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<div class="menu-accordion-wrapper collapse " id="menu--0-0-2">
|
||
<ul class="dropdown-menu depth-1">
|
||
|
||
<li class="dropdown-item">
|
||
<a href="/news-events/events/past-events" data-drupal-link-system-path="news-events/events/past-events">Past Events</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="nav-item active">
|
||
<a href="/news-events/blog" title="Latest updates from the BRAIN Blog" class="nav-link active" data-drupal-link-system-path="news-events/blog">The BRAIN Blog</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="nav-item">
|
||
<a href="/news-events/brain-initiative-photo-and-video-contest" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/252">The BRAIN Initiative Photo and Video Contest</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="nav-item">
|
||
<a href="/news-events/communications-toolkit" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4724">Communications Toolkit</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
<div id="block-brain-bootstrap-webform" class="block block-webform block-webform-block">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
<span id="webform-submission-was-this-page-helpful-node-275-form-ajax-content"></span><div id="webform-submission-was-this-page-helpful-node-275-form-ajax" class="webform-ajax-form-wrapper" data-effect="fade" data-progress-type="throbber">
|
||
<form class="webform-submission-form webform-submission-add-form webform-submission-was-this-page-helpful-form webform-submission-was-this-page-helpful-add-form webform-submission-was-this-page-helpful-node-275-form webform-submission-was-this-page-helpful-node-275-add-form js-webform-details-toggle webform-details-toggle" data-drupal-selector="webform-submission-was-this-page-helpful-node-275-add-form" action="/news-events/blog/brain-director-value-model-organisms-understanding-human-brain" method="post" id="webform-submission-was-this-page-helpful-node-275-add-form" accept-charset="UTF-8">
|
||
|
||
<fieldset data-drupal-selector="edit-find-content" class="webform-vote-options find-content webform-vote--wrapper fieldgroup form-composite webform-composite-visible-title js-webform-type-webform-vote webform-type-webform-vote js-form-item form-item js-form-wrapper form-group" id="edit-find-content--wrapper">
|
||
<legend>
|
||
<span class="fieldset-legend">Did you find the content you were looking for?</span>
|
||
</legend>
|
||
<div class="fieldset-wrapper">
|
||
<div id="edit-find-content" class="js-webform-webform-vote radio">
|
||
|
||
<input data-drupal-selector="edit-find-content-yes" data-type="webform_vote" data-icon="fa-thumbs-up" data-icon-size="fa-2x" class="form-radio" type="radio" id="edit-find-content-yes" name="find_content" value="Yes">
|
||
<label tabindex="0" class="form-check-label" for="edit-find-content-yes">
|
||
<span class="sr-only">Yes, I did find the content I was looking for</span>
|
||
<i class="fa fa-thumbs-up fa-2x" title="Yes"></i>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input data-drupal-selector="edit-find-content-no" class="webform-vote-options form-radio" data-type="webform_vote" data-icon="fa-thumbs-down" data-icon-size="fa-2x" type="radio" id="edit-find-content-no" name="find_content" value="No">
|
||
<label tabindex="0" class="form-check-label" for="edit-find-content-no">
|
||
<span class="sr-only">No, I did not find the content I was looking for</span>
|
||
<i class="fa fa-thumbs-down fa-2x" title="No"></i>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</fieldset>
|
||
<div class="hidden-elements js-webform-states-hidden js-form-wrapper form-group" data-drupal-selector="edit-hidden-elements" data-drupal-states="{"visible-slide":{".webform-submission-was-this-page-helpful-node-275-add-form :input[name=\u0022find_content\u0022]":{"checked":true}}}" id="edit-hidden-elements"><fieldset data-drupal-selector="edit-rating" class="webform-vote-options webform-rating webform-vote--wrapper fieldgroup form-composite webform-composite-visible-title js-webform-type-webform-vote webform-type-webform-vote js-form-item form-item js-form-wrapper form-group" id="edit-rating--wrapper">
|
||
<legend>
|
||
<span class="fieldset-legend">Please rate how easy it was to navigate the NINDS website</span>
|
||
</legend>
|
||
<div class="fieldset-wrapper">
|
||
<div id="edit-rating" class="js-webform-webform-vote radio">
|
||
|
||
<input data-drupal-selector="edit-rating-very-easy-to-navigate" data-type="webform_vote" data-icon="fa-star" data-icon-size="fa-2x" class="webform-rating form-radio" type="radio" id="edit-rating-very-easy-to-navigate" name="rating" value="Very easy to navigate">
|
||
<label tabindex="0" class="form-check-label" for="edit-rating-very-easy-to-navigate">
|
||
<span class="sr-only">Very easy to navigate</span>
|
||
<i class="fa fa-star fa-2x" title="Very easy to navigate"></i>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input data-drupal-selector="edit-rating-easy-to-navigate" class="webform-vote-options webform-rating form-radio" data-type="webform_vote" data-icon="fa-star" data-icon-size="fa-2x" type="radio" id="edit-rating-easy-to-navigate" name="rating" value="Easy to navigate">
|
||
<label tabindex="0" class="form-check-label" for="edit-rating-easy-to-navigate">
|
||
<span class="sr-only">Easy to navigate</span>
|
||
<i class="fa fa-star fa-2x" title="Easy to navigate"></i>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input data-drupal-selector="edit-rating-neutral" class="webform-vote-options webform-rating form-radio" data-type="webform_vote" data-icon="fa-star" data-icon-size="fa-2x" type="radio" id="edit-rating-neutral" name="rating" value="Neutral">
|
||
<label tabindex="0" class="form-check-label" for="edit-rating-neutral">
|
||
<span class="sr-only">Neutral</span>
|
||
<i class="fa fa-star fa-2x" title="Neutral"></i>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input data-drupal-selector="edit-rating-difficult-to-navigate" class="webform-vote-options webform-rating form-radio" data-type="webform_vote" data-icon="fa-star" data-icon-size="fa-2x" type="radio" id="edit-rating-difficult-to-navigate" name="rating" value="Difficult to navigate">
|
||
<label tabindex="0" class="form-check-label" for="edit-rating-difficult-to-navigate">
|
||
<span class="sr-only">Difficult to navigate</span>
|
||
<i class="fa fa-star fa-2x" title="Difficult to navigate"></i>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input data-drupal-selector="edit-rating-very-difficult-to-navigate" class="webform-vote-options webform-rating form-radio" data-type="webform_vote" data-icon="fa-star" data-icon-size="fa-2x" type="radio" id="edit-rating-very-difficult-to-navigate" name="rating" value="Very difficult to navigate">
|
||
<label tabindex="0" class="form-check-label" for="edit-rating-very-difficult-to-navigate">
|
||
<span class="sr-only">Very difficult to navigate</span>
|
||
<i class="fa fa-star fa-2x" title="Very difficult to navigate"></i>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</fieldset>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<fieldset class="js-form-item js-form-type-textarea form-type-textarea js-form-item-feedback form-item-feedback form-group">
|
||
<label for="edit-feedback">Thank you for letting us know! Any other feedback?</label>
|
||
<div class="form-textarea-wrapper">
|
||
<textarea autocomplete="off" data-drupal-selector="edit-feedback" id="edit-feedback" name="feedback" rows="5" cols="60" placeholder="Leave a comment" class="form-textarea form-control resize-vertical"></textarea>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</fieldset>
|
||
<div data-drupal-selector="edit-actions" class="form-actions webform-actions js-form-wrapper form-group" id="edit-actions--5"><button class="webform-button--submit button button--primary js-form-submit form-submit btn btn-ninds" data-drupal-selector="edit-actions-submit-2" data-disable-refocus="true" type="submit" id="edit-actions-submit--2" name="op" value="Submit">Submit</button>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="recaptcha_container js-form-wrapper form-group" data-sitekey="6LdBRjgeAAAAAMxQXlEJoHa3fp0iQH54b61cqiCy" data-drupal-selector="edit-recaptcha-container" id="edit-recaptcha-container--2"></div>
|
||
<div class="js-webform-states-hidden js-form-wrapper" data-drupal-states="{"visible":{".webform-submission-was-this-page-helpful-node-275-add-form :input[name=\u0022find_content\u0022]":{"checked":true}}}">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<fieldset class="recaptcha_disclaimer js-form-item js-form-type-processed-text form-type-processed-text js-form-item- form-item- form-no-label form-group" id="edit-recaptcha-disclaimer">
|
||
<p>This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google <a href="https://policies.google.com/privacy">Privacy Policy</a>and <a href="https://policies.google.com/terms">Terms of Service</a>apply.</p>
|
||
</fieldset>
|
||
</div><input data-drupal-selector="form-3ehwsn7vhcztquvm3cll2azhgetgixmkv8lv2m05l90" type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-3EHWsn7vhCzTquVM3CLL2AzhGETgixMKV8lV2M05l90" class="form-control" />
|
||
<input data-drupal-selector="edit-webform-submission-was-this-page-helpful-node-275-add-form" type="hidden" name="form_id" value="webform_submission_was_this_page_helpful_node_275_add_form" class="form-control" />
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</aside>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="text-right small container last-updated" role="complementary">
|
||
Last reviewed on July 28, 2023
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<footer class="site-footer">
|
||
<a id="back-to-top" class="btn btn-default btn-lg" role="button" title="Back to top" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="left">
|
||
<i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<div class="site-footer-top">
|
||
<div class="container">
|
||
<div class="row">
|
||
<div class="site-footer-top-first offset-lg-2 col-lg-3 col-md-4 col-12">
|
||
<section class="region region-footer-first">
|
||
<nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-connectwithus-menu" id="block-connectwithus" class="block block-menu navigation menu--connect-with-us">
|
||
|
||
<h2 id="block-connectwithus-menu">Connect With Us</h2>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul block="connectwithus" class="clearfix nav">
|
||
<li class="nav-item">
|
||
<a href="/about/careers" class="nav-link nav-link--about-careers" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/863">Careers</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="nav-item">
|
||
<a href="/about/contact-us" class="nav-link nav-link--about-contact-us" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1040">Contact Us</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="nav-item">
|
||
<a href="/news-events/blog" class="nav-link nav-link--news-events-blog" data-drupal-link-system-path="news-events/blog">The BRAIN Blog</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="nav-item">
|
||
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/c/BRAINInitiative" class="nav-link nav-link-https--wwwyoutubecom-c-braininitiative">YouTube</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="site-footer-top-second col-lg-3 col-md-4 col-12 mt-4 mt-md-0">
|
||
<section class="region region-footer-second">
|
||
<nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-relatedsites-menu" id="block-relatedsites" class="block block-menu navigation menu--related-sites">
|
||
|
||
<h2 id="block-relatedsites-menu">Related Sites</h2>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul block="relatedsites" class="clearfix nav">
|
||
<li class="nav-item">
|
||
<a href="https://www.braininitiative.org/" class="nav-link nav-link-https--wwwbraininitiativeorg-">BRAIN Initiative Alliance</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="nav-item">
|
||
<a href="https://www.nih.gov/" class="nav-link nav-link-https--wwwnihgov-">National Institutes of Health</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="nav-item">
|
||
<a href="https://www.hhs.gov/" class="nav-link nav-link-https--wwwhhsgov-">U.S. Department of Health and Human Services</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="nav-item">
|
||
<a href="https://www.usa.gov/" class="nav-link nav-link-https--wwwusagov-">USA.gov</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="site-footer-top-third col-lg-3 col-md-4 col-12 mt-4 mt-md-0">
|
||
<section class="region region-footer-third">
|
||
<nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-policies-menu" id="block-policies" class="block block-menu navigation menu--policies">
|
||
|
||
<h2 id="block-policies-menu">Policies</h2>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul block="policies" class="clearfix nav">
|
||
<li class="nav-item">
|
||
<a href="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/accessibility" class="nav-link nav-link-https--wwwnindsnihgov-accessibility">Accessibility</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="nav-item">
|
||
<a href="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/freedom-information-act" class="nav-link nav-link-https--wwwnindsnihgov-freedom-information-act">Freedom of Information Act</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="nav-item">
|
||
<a href="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Privacy-Statement" class="nav-link nav-link-https--wwwnindsnihgov-privacy-statement">Privacy Statement</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="nav-item">
|
||
<a href="https://www.hhs.gov/vulnerability-disclosure-policy/index.html" class="nav-link nav-link-https--wwwhhsgov-vulnerability-disclosure-policy-indexhtml">Vulnerability Disclosure Policy</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="site-footer-bottom ninds-footer">
|
||
<div class="container">
|
||
<div class="brain-footer row">
|
||
<div class="brain-trademark-wrapper col">
|
||
<div class="brain-trademark">The BRAIN Initiative <sup><span class="registered-trademark">®</span></sup></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</footer>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"node\/275","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"ajaxPageState":{"libraries":"eJyFUVtywyAMvBCFIzECKzYpIBfJedy-IrHbJk6mHzCwu2i1KBAJS4PZB2gtkQsNYYhtKcGEZ-5AVeCMTAVfka3s0TFTgPzBcs2pjnte0U_ew5UGtWiQqrvtXoiycnfM_-if60eIE0LI6BtGmCVO4F5g9oyh92tjT5QqNhOpoUtVsFXI9vi1YLvaWya8SO_SDW2ZlVqvRp2ZoV3ddjAFhwTukLIWsd0pUTU11YE1FqOXCQtuCUvPUbAuq0I7OaTR_b08MqLGoMPxdEKtMCA_8mskfyLBleFJH6htYvd7NIzQ4uRhTh4WoUhlzijo3uCGKbfN5K55AfkpjVPWJYavLFhcj2zWprbmLBzhsgO7E3GSvRyz_lgVO6BOKbNlOP0vEhrH_F5WUKc17vm-fQPWxTSB","theme":"brain_bootstrap","theme_token":null},"ajaxTrustedUrl":{"form_action_p_pvdeGsVG5zNF_XLGPTvYSKCf43t8qZYSwcfZl2uzM":true,"\/news-events\/blog\/brain-director-value-model-organisms-understanding-human-brain?ajax_form=1":true,"\/search":true},"search_highlighting_stopwords":["a","an","and","are","as","at","be","but","by","for","if","in","into","is","it","no","not","of","on","or","s","such","t","that","the","their","then","there","these","they","this","to","was","will","with"],"search_highlighting_active":true,"data":{"extlink":{"extTarget":false,"extTargetNoOverride":false,"extNofollow":false,"extNoreferrer":false,"extFollowNoOverride":false,"extClass":"ext","extLabel":"(link is external)","extImgClass":false,"extSubdomains":true,"extExclude":".*\\.gov|nindsweb.com|ninds-large-s3-hosted-files.s3.amazonaws.com","extInclude":"","extCssExclude":".nindsBox-link","extCssExplicit":"","extAlert":true,"extAlertText":"You are leaving the NINDS website. The NINDS cannot attest to the accuracy of the content on a non-federal site. Linking to a non-federal site does not constitute an endorsement of that site by the NINDS or NIH.","mailtoClass":"mailto","mailtoLabel":"(link sends email)","extUseFontAwesome":false,"extIconPlacement":"append","extFaLinkClasses":"fa fa-external-link","extFaMailtoClasses":"fa fa-envelope-o","whitelistedDomains":[]}},"ajax":{"edit-actions-submit--2":{"callback":"::submitAjaxForm","event":"click","effect":"fade","speed":500,"progress":{"type":"throbber","message":""},"disable-refocus":true,"url":"\/news-events\/blog\/brain-director-value-model-organisms-understanding-human-brain?ajax_form=1","httpMethod":"POST","dialogType":"ajax","submit":{"_triggering_element_name":"op","_triggering_element_value":"Submit"}}},"search_api_autocomplete":{"site_search":{"selector":"input[name=\u0022search_api_fulltext\u0022]","auto_submit":true}},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"e0ff7656d27ecfbb435c5be7b54baf2bc9c1b15d83a8f54acaadf9a2ec2b4317"}}</script>
|
||
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery/jquery.min.js?v=3.7.1"></script>
|
||
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/once/once.min.js?v=1.0.1"></script>
|
||
<script src="/core/misc/drupalSettingsLoader.js?v=10.3.13"></script>
|
||
<script src="/core/misc/drupal.js?v=10.3.13"></script>
|
||
<script src="/core/misc/drupal.init.js?v=10.3.13"></script>
|
||
<script src="/core/misc/debounce.js?v=10.3.13"></script>
|
||
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/version-min.js?v=10.3.13"></script>
|
||
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/data-min.js?v=10.3.13"></script>
|
||
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/disable-selection-min.js?v=10.3.13"></script>
|
||
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/form-min.js?v=10.3.13"></script>
|
||
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/jquery-patch-min.js?v=10.3.13"></script>
|
||
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/scroll-parent-min.js?v=10.3.13"></script>
|
||
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/unique-id-min.js?v=10.3.13"></script>
|
||
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/focusable-min.js?v=10.3.13"></script>
|
||
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/ie-min.js?v=10.3.13"></script>
|
||
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/keycode-min.js?v=10.3.13"></script>
|
||
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/plugin-min.js?v=10.3.13"></script>
|
||
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/safe-active-element-min.js?v=10.3.13"></script>
|
||
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/safe-blur-min.js?v=10.3.13"></script>
|
||
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/widget-min.js?v=10.3.13"></script>
|
||
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/labels-min.js?v=10.3.13"></script>
|
||
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/widgets/autocomplete-min.js?v=10.3.13"></script>
|
||
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/widgets/menu-min.js?v=10.3.13"></script>
|
||
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/tabbable/index.umd.min.js?v=6.2.0"></script>
|
||
<script src="/core/misc/autocomplete.js?v=10.3.13"></script>
|
||
<script src="/modules/contrib/ninds_share_this/js/share_this.js?srzz9b"></script>
|
||
<script src="/modules/contrib/solr_config/js/search_autocomplete.js?srzz9b"></script>
|
||
<script src="/themes/contrib/ninds_base_theme_barrio/assets/javascript/accordion.js?v=10.3.13"></script>
|
||
<script src="/themes/contrib/ninds_base_theme_barrio/assets/javascript/back-to-top.js?v=10.3.13"></script>
|
||
<script src="/modules/contrib/solr_config/js/search_highlight.js?srzz9b"></script>
|
||
<script src="/themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/js/barrio.js?v=10.3.13"></script>
|
||
<script src="/themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/js/affix.js?v=10.3.13"></script>
|
||
<script src="/modules/contrib/extlink/extlink.js?v=10.3.13"></script>
|
||
<script src="/core/misc/form.js?v=10.3.13"></script>
|
||
<script src="/modules/contrib/webform/js/webform.behaviors.js?v=10.3.13"></script>
|
||
<script src="/core/misc/states.js?v=10.3.13"></script>
|
||
<script src="/modules/contrib/webform/js/webform.states.js?v=10.3.13"></script>
|
||
<script src="/modules/contrib/webform/js/webform.form.js?v=10.3.13"></script>
|
||
<script src="/modules/contrib/webform/js/webform.element.details.save.js?v=10.3.13"></script>
|
||
<script src="/core/misc/announce.js?v=10.3.13"></script>
|
||
<script src="/modules/contrib/webform/js/webform.element.details.toggle.js?v=10.3.13"></script>
|
||
<script src="/core/misc/progress.js?v=10.3.13"></script>
|
||
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/loadjs/loadjs.min.js?v=4.3.0"></script>
|
||
<script src="/core/misc/message.js?v=10.3.13"></script>
|
||
<script src="/core/misc/ajax.js?v=10.3.13"></script>
|
||
<script src="/modules/contrib/webform/js/webform.scroll.js?v=10.3.13"></script>
|
||
<script src="/modules/contrib/webform/js/webform.ajax.js?v=10.3.13"></script>
|
||
<script src="/modules/contrib/webform/js/webform.element.message.js?v=10.3.13"></script>
|
||
<script src="https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js?onload=onLoad&render=explicit"></script>
|
||
<script src="/modules/contrib/cacheable_recaptcha/js/cacheable_recaptcha.webform.container.js?srzz9b"></script>
|
||
<script src="/core/misc/jquery.form.js?v=4.3.0"></script>
|
||
<script src="/modules/contrib/ninds_config/js/webform-vote.js?srzz9b"></script>
|
||
<script src="/modules/contrib/glossary/js/glossary.js?srzz9b"></script>
|
||
<script src="/themes/contrib/ninds_base_theme_barrio/js/bootstrap/popper.min.js?srzz9b"></script>
|
||
<script src="/themes/contrib/ninds_base_theme_barrio/js/bootstrap/bootstrap.min.js?srzz9b"></script>
|
||
<script src="/themes/contrib/ninds_base_theme_barrio/assets/javascript/main-menu.js?srzz9b"></script>
|
||
<script src="/core/misc/jquery.tabbable.shim.js?v=10.3.13"></script>
|
||
<script src="/core/misc/position.js?v=10.3.13"></script>
|
||
<script src="/modules/contrib/search_api_autocomplete/js/search_api_autocomplete.js?srzz9b"></script>
|
||
|
||
</body>
|
||
</html>
|