2217 lines
211 KiB
HTML
2217 lines
211 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
||
<html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="content: http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/ dc: http://purl.org/dc/terms/ foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ og: http://ogp.me/ns# rdfs: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema# schema: http://schema.org/ sioc: http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns# sioct: http://rdfs.org/sioc/types# skos: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core# xsd: http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema# " class=" js"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
|
||
|
||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/snpinfo/files/snpinfo.js"></script>
|
||
|
||
<!-- ~~~Beginning of header meta (DO NOT DELETE)~~~-->
|
||
<meta name="description" content="SNPinfo Web Server">
|
||
<link rel="canonical" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/databases/snpinfo">
|
||
<meta property="og:site_name" content="National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences">
|
||
<meta property="og:type" content="website">
|
||
<meta property="og:url" content="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/databases/snpinfo">
|
||
<meta property="og:title" content="SNPinfo Web Server">
|
||
<meta property="og:description" content="SNPinfo Web Server">
|
||
<meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)">
|
||
<meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width">
|
||
<meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true">
|
||
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
|
||
<link rel="icon" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/themes/custom/niehs_cms/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon">
|
||
<script type="text/javascript" async="" src="/snpinfo/niehs_files/js"></script><script type="text/javascript" async="" src="/snpinfo/niehs_files/analytics.js.download"></script><script src="/snpinfo/niehs_files/gtm.js.download" async=""></script><script src="/snpinfo/niehs_files/google_tag.script.js.download" defer=""></script>
|
||
|
||
<!-- ~~~End of header meta (DO NOT DELETE)~~~-->
|
||
<!-- ~~~Beginning of page assets (DO NOT DELETE)~~~-->
|
||
<title>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences: SNPinfo Web Server</title>
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/snpinfo/niehs_files/css_Bx5UNr8AefPyo2uBJN3kXTIcHdVxI79u1bu1mduxG5c.css">
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/snpinfo/niehs_files/css_zMaeFLMt8K4ErCVYI49tJTLE8PqHEEHT0Ij0y-eEofM.css">
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="/snpinfo/niehs_files/css_41z5pwwQ0REQalmhIFBV1-ULCORalI4gIFCx2zxWZKw.css">
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/snpinfo/niehs_files/css_tPCBcTWcJY7HuvnNHV-FSHN1G9C3yiFtqQv2sLq5y_o.css">
|
||
|
||
<!-- ~~~End of page assets (DO NOT DELETE)~~~-->
|
||
<link href="/snpinfo/niehs_files/semantic.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><link href="/snpinfo/niehs_files/jquery-ui.min.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><script src="/snpinfo/niehs_files/form-niehs-validate.js.download" type="text/javascript" async=""></script><script type="text/javascript" src="/snpinfo/niehs_files/js(1)"></script></head>
|
||
<body data-color-scheme="default" class="path-node page-node-type-page niehs-intranet">
|
||
<a tabindex="1" id="skip-nav" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/databases/snpinfo#skip-navigation">Skip Navigation</a>
|
||
<div class="addthis_native_toolbox"></div>
|
||
<noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-M2B8CZJ" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>
|
||
<div class="site-wrapper dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas="">
|
||
|
||
<div class="notifications">
|
||
<div data-drupal-messages-fallback="" class="hidden"></div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Header starts -->
|
||
<header class="page-header">
|
||
<div class="usa-banner usa-top-banner-block">
|
||
<div class="usa-accordion">
|
||
<header class="usa-banner-header">
|
||
<div class="usa-grid usa-banner-inner">
|
||
<img alt="U.S. flag" src="/snpinfo/niehs_files/favicon-57.png">
|
||
<p>An official website of the United States government</p>
|
||
<button aria-controls="gov-banner" aria-expanded="false" class="usa-accordion-button usa-banner-button">
|
||
<span class="usa-banner-button-text">Here's how you know</span>
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</header>
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-banner-content usa-accordion-content usa-closed" id="gov-banner">
|
||
<div class="usa-banner-guidance-gov usa-width-one-half">
|
||
<img alt="Dot gov" class="usa-banner-icon usa-media_block-img" src="/snpinfo/niehs_files/dot-gov.svg">
|
||
<div class="usa-media_block-body">
|
||
<p><strong>The .gov means it’s official.</strong><br>Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-banner-guidance-ssl usa-width-one-half">
|
||
<img alt="Https" class="usa-banner-icon usa-media_block-img" src="/snpinfo/niehs_files/icon-https.svg">
|
||
<div class="usa-media_block-body">
|
||
<p><strong>The site is secure.</strong><br>The <strong>https://</strong> ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="clearfix"></div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="header-wrapper">
|
||
<div class="logo-wrapper__container">
|
||
<div class="logo-wrapper">
|
||
<h1 class="hide">National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</h1>
|
||
<a class="NIEHS-Logo" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/">
|
||
<picture>
|
||
<source media="(min-width: 847px)" srcset="/snpinfo/niehs_files/niehs-logo.svg">
|
||
<source media="(max-width: 846px)" srcset="/themes/custom/niehs_cms/web-resources/images/niehs-logo-mobile.svg">
|
||
<img src="/snpinfo/niehs_files/niehs-logo.svg" alt="National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences">
|
||
</picture>
|
||
<!-- <img src="https://dev.niehs.nih.gov/Test/public_site_refresh/app/web-resources/images/niehs-logo.svg" alt="National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences"> -->
|
||
</a>
|
||
<!-- Search start -->
|
||
<div class="desktop-search">
|
||
<div class="search-wrapper hide-for-small">
|
||
<form method="get" action="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/search/thundersearch">
|
||
<label for="sitesearch" class="hide" style="display: none">Search NIEHS</label>
|
||
<input class="box search" placeholder="Search NIEHS" id="sitesearch" title="Search NIEHS" aria-label="Search NIEHS" name="keys" onfocus="if(this.value==this.defaultValue) this.value='';" onblur="if(this.value=='') this.value=this.defaultValue;" type="text">
|
||
<button placeholder="Search" id="search-btn"></button>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<!--Desktop Search end -->
|
||
<div id="qrcode" class="injectedbyJS" title="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/databases/snpinfo?utm_source=qrCode&utm_medium=scan&utm_campaign=QR-www">
|
||
<div class="QRCaption">Use this QR code to view the newest version of this document</div>
|
||
<canvas width="95" height="95" style="display: none;"></canvas><img alt="Use this QR code to view the newest version of this document" src="data:image/png;base64,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" style="display: block;"><canvas width="105" height="105" style="display: none;"></canvas><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" style="display: block;"></div>
|
||
<div id="qrcode" class="injectedbyJS"><div class="QRCaption">Use this QR code to view the newest version of this document</div></div></div>
|
||
<!-- end logo wrapper -->
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nav-wrapper">
|
||
<nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-niehs-cms-main-menu-menu" id="block-niehs-cms-main-menu" class="block block-menu navigation menu--main megamenu pre-load">
|
||
|
||
<h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-niehs-cms-main-menu-menu">Main navigation</h2>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ol data-region="nav_header" region="nav_header" class="menu accessible-megamenu">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="accessible-megamenu-top-nav-item health">
|
||
<h2>
|
||
<span tabindex="0" role="menu" aria-expanded="false" class="trackMe" data-seotracker="Menu: Health & Education">
|
||
Health & Education
|
||
</span>
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<div class="panel-1 accessible-megamenu-panel" role="region" aria-expanded="true" aria-hidden="false">
|
||
<ol class="list-level-1">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<ul class="list-level-2 left">
|
||
<li class="landing-page-link">
|
||
<span>
|
||
<a class="second-level-link " href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health">Health & Education</a>
|
||
</span>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
|
||
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/materials">Brochures & Fact Sheets</a>
|
||
|
||
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
|
||
<div class="nav-feature">
|
||
<div class="third-level-content">
|
||
<p>If you are giving a presentation about an environmental health topic or just looking for general information about environmental health research or the institute, this webpage will help.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="third-level-content">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<a class="viewMoreButton" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/materials">Explore Brochures & Fact Sheets</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<ul class="link-container">
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
|
||
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics">Environmental Health Topics</a>
|
||
|
||
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
|
||
<div class="nav-feature">
|
||
<div class="third-level-content">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<a class="viewMoreButton" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics">Explore Environmental Health Topics</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<ul class="link-container">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/conditions">Conditions & Diseases</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents">Environmental Agents</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/science">Environmental Health Science Basics</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/glossary">Environmental Health Sciences Glossary</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/nutrition">Nutrition, Health, and Your Environment</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/population">Population Research</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/enfermedades">Temas Sobre Salud Ambiental</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
|
||
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/scied">Science Education</a>
|
||
|
||
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
|
||
<div class="nav-feature">
|
||
<div class="third-level-content">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<a class="viewMoreButton" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/scied">Explore Science Education</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<ul class="link-container">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/scied/teachers">For Educators</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/scied/scientists">For Scientists</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/scied/students">For Students</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/scied/tours">NIEHS Campus Tours & Information Sessions</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/scied/osed">Science Education & Diversity</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/scied/speaker">Speakers Bureau</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
|
||
<a href="https://kids.niehs.nih.gov/" class="second-level-link" target="_blank">Kids Environment | Kids Health<span title="This link leaves the NIEHS Main Site." class="exit"></span></a>
|
||
|
||
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
|
||
<div class="nav-feature">
|
||
<div class="third-level-content">
|
||
<p>A resource for kids, parents, and teachers to find fun and educational materials related to health, science, and the environment we live in today.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="third-level-content">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<a class="viewMoreButton" href="https://kids.niehs.nih.gov/" target="_blank">Explore Kids Environment | Kids Health<span title="This link leaves the NIEHS Main Site." class="exit-w"></span></a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<ul class="link-container">
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<div class="level2MenuSpacer"></div>
|
||
<div class="megaMenuLandingContent">
|
||
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true"></i>
|
||
|
||
<div class="megaMenuText">
|
||
<div class="summary-text">
|
||
<div class="rxbodyfield">NIEHS is committed to conducting the most rigorous research in environmental health sciences, and to communicating the results of this research to the public.</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health">Explore Health & Education</a>
|
||
<span class="smallBackgroundImage"></span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="accessible-megamenu-top-nav-item research inSection">
|
||
<h2>
|
||
<span tabindex="0" role="menu" aria-expanded="false" class="trackMe" data-seotracker="Menu: Research">
|
||
Research
|
||
</span>
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<div class="panel-2 accessible-megamenu-panel" role="region" aria-expanded="true" aria-hidden="false">
|
||
<ol class="list-level-1">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<ul class="list-level-2 left">
|
||
<li class="landing-page-link">
|
||
<span>
|
||
<a class="second-level-link " href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research">Research</a>
|
||
</span>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
|
||
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/atniehs">At NIEHS</a>
|
||
|
||
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
|
||
<div class="nav-feature">
|
||
<div class="third-level-content">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<a class="viewMoreButton" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/atniehs">Explore At NIEHS</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<ul class="link-container">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/atniehs/labs">Branches & Laboratories</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/atniehs/dir">Intramural Research Division</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/atniehs/dtt">Translational Toxicology Division</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/atniehs/facilities">Shared and Core Facilities</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="https://tools.niehs.nih.gov/staff/index.cfm?do=main.allScientists" class="level-3-link">All Scientists</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/scientistSearch/laboratories">All Research Groups</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
|
||
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported">Grant Funded</a>
|
||
|
||
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
|
||
<div class="nav-feature">
|
||
<div class="third-level-content">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<a class="viewMoreButton" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported">Explore Grant Funded</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<ul class="link-container">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/dert">About the Extramural Research and Training Division</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/centers">Centers, Interagency Collaborations, and Consortia</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/exposure">Environmental Exposure Research</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/epidemiology">Epidemiology Resources</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/health">Health Impacts Research</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/irt">Institutional Research Training</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/training">Researcher-Centered</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/success">Stories of Success</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/timesensitve">Time-Sensitive Research Opportunities in Environmental Health</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/translational">Translational Science, Outreach, and Education</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/whatsnew">What's New</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="https://tools.niehs.nih.gov/portfolio/" class="level-3-link">Who We Fund</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
|
||
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/programs">Initiatives</a>
|
||
|
||
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
|
||
<div class="nav-feature">
|
||
<div class="third-level-content">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<a class="viewMoreButton" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/programs">Explore Initiatives</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<ul class="link-container">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/programs/climatechange">Climate Change and Human Health</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/programs/chords">Climate and Health Outcomes Research Data Systems (CHORDS)</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/programs/disaster">Disaster Research Response (DR2) Program</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/programs/ehlc">Environmental Health Language Collaborative</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/programs/geh">Global Environmental Health</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/programs/radx">NIH RADx Efforts at NIEHS</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/programs/pfas">PFAS Research</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/programs/translational">Translational Research at NIEHS</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/programs/wha">Women's Health Awareness</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
|
||
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/scientific-data">Scientific Data</a>
|
||
|
||
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
|
||
<div class="nav-feature">
|
||
<div class="third-level-content">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<a class="viewMoreButton" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/scientific-data">Explore Scientific Data</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<ul class="link-container">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/scientific-data/plan">Data Management and Sharing Plan Development</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/scientific-data/policy">Data Management and Sharing Policies</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/scientific-data/funding">Data Science Funding Opportunities</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/scientific-data/questions">Frequently Asked Questions</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/scientific-data/value">Maximizing the Value of Scientific Data</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/scientific-data/data-resources">Scientific Data Resources</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
|
||
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources">Resources for Scientists</a>
|
||
|
||
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
|
||
<div class="nav-feature">
|
||
<div class="third-level-content">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<a class="viewMoreButton" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources">Explore Resources for Scientists</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<ul class="link-container">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/articles_journals">Articles and Journals</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/bioethics">Bioethics</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/cchhglossary">Climate Change and Human Health Glossary</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/databases">Databases</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/epresr">Electron Paramagnetic Resonance/Electron Spin Resonance (EPR/ESR)</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/glossary">Glossaries</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/imacs">International Myositis Assessment & Clinical Studies Group (IMACS)</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/library">Library & Information Services</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/protocols">Protocols</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/events">Seminars, Conferences, & Symposia</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/software">Software</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/techtransfer">Technology Transfer</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/visual-guides">Training and Visual Guides</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
|
||
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/topics">What We Study</a>
|
||
|
||
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
|
||
<div class="nav-feature">
|
||
<div class="third-level-content">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<a class="viewMoreButton" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/topics">Explore What We Study</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<ul class="link-container">
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<div class="level2MenuSpacer"></div>
|
||
<div class="megaMenuLandingContent">
|
||
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true"></i>
|
||
|
||
<div class="megaMenuText">
|
||
<div class="summary-text">
|
||
<div class="rxbodyfield">NIEHS research uses state-of-the-art science and technology to investigate the interplay between environmental exposures, human biology, genetics, and common diseases to help prevent disease and improve human health.</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research">Explore Research</a>
|
||
<span class="smallBackgroundImage"></span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="accessible-megamenu-top-nav-item funding">
|
||
<h2>
|
||
<span tabindex="0" role="menu" aria-expanded="false" class="trackMe" data-seotracker="Menu: Funding Opportunities">
|
||
Funding Opportunities
|
||
</span>
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<div class="panel-3 accessible-megamenu-panel" role="region" aria-expanded="true" aria-hidden="false">
|
||
<ol class="list-level-1">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<ul class="list-level-2 left">
|
||
<li class="landing-page-link">
|
||
<span>
|
||
<a class="second-level-link " href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/funding">Funding Opportunities</a>
|
||
</span>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
|
||
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/funding/grants">Grants</a>
|
||
|
||
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
|
||
<div class="nav-feature">
|
||
<div class="third-level-content">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<a class="viewMoreButton" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/funding/grants">Explore Grants</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<ul class="link-container">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/funding/grants/announcements">Announcements of Grant Opportunities</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/funding/grants/contacts">Contacts for Applicants</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/funding/grants/instructions">Instructions & Resources</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/funding/grants/mechanisms">Mechanisms & Guidelines</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/funding/grants/priorities">NIEHS-Funded Grants & Priorities</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/funding/grants/review">Peer Review</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
|
||
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/funding/acquisitions">Contracts & Acquisitions</a>
|
||
|
||
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
|
||
<div class="nav-feature">
|
||
<div class="third-level-content">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<a class="viewMoreButton" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/funding/acquisitions">Explore Contracts & Acquisitions</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<ul class="link-container">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/funding/acquisitions/reaching">Reaching Acquisitions</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/funding/acquisitions/rd-contracts">Research and Development Contracts</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/funding/acquisitions/station-support-contracts">Station Support Active Contracts</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<div class="level2MenuSpacer"></div>
|
||
<div class="megaMenuLandingContent">
|
||
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true"></i>
|
||
|
||
<div class="megaMenuText">
|
||
<div class="summary-text">
|
||
<div class="rxbodyfield">NIEHS provides many opportunities for funding to individual researchers, organizations, and businesses.</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/funding">Explore Funding Opportunities</a>
|
||
<span class="smallBackgroundImage"></span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="accessible-megamenu-top-nav-item careers">
|
||
<h2>
|
||
<span tabindex="0" role="menu" aria-expanded="false" class="trackMe" data-seotracker="Menu: Careers & Training">
|
||
Careers & Training
|
||
</span>
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<div class="panel-4 accessible-megamenu-panel" role="region" aria-expanded="true" aria-hidden="false">
|
||
<ol class="list-level-1">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<ul class="list-level-2 left">
|
||
<li class="landing-page-link">
|
||
<span>
|
||
<a class="second-level-link " href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers">Careers & Training</a>
|
||
</span>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
|
||
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/research">Research Training</a>
|
||
|
||
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
|
||
<div class="nav-feature">
|
||
<div class="third-level-content">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<a class="viewMoreButton" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/research">Explore Research Training</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<ul class="link-container">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/research/recruitment">Fellow Recruitment</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/research/stride">Scientific Director’s Traineeship for Inclusion, Diversity, and Equity</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/research/nta">Trainees Assembly</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/research/fellows">Fellows' Career Development</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/research/scholars">NIEHS Scholars Connect Program</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/research/med-students">NIEHS Medical Student Research Fellowships</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/research/summers">NIH Summer Internship Program</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/research/postdoc-training">Postdoctoral Training Opportunities in Translational Toxicology</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/research/trainingfrom">Training, Fellowship, and Career Awards</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
|
||
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/hazmat">HAZMAT Safety & Training</a>
|
||
|
||
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
|
||
<div class="nav-feature">
|
||
<div class="third-level-content">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<a class="viewMoreButton" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/hazmat">Explore HAZMAT Safety & Training</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<ul class="link-container">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/hazmat/about_wetp">About the Worker Training Program (WTP)</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="https://tools.niehs.nih.gov/wetp/" class="level-3-link">Clearinghouse</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/hazmat/funding">Funding Opportunities</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/hazmat/events">Meetings & Workshops</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/hazmat/disaster_response">National Response & Disaster Recovery</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/hazmat/links">Other Links & Resources</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/hazmat/accomplishments">Program Highlights</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/hazmat/state_profiles">State Profiles</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/hazmat/training_program_areas">Training Program Areas</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/hazmat/locations">Where We Train</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/hazmat/awardees">Who We Fund</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/hazmat/trainees">Who We Train</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
|
||
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/jobs">Jobs at NIEHS</a>
|
||
|
||
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
|
||
<div class="nav-feature">
|
||
<div class="third-level-content">
|
||
<p>NIEHS has a goal to ensure job opportunities and career enhancements programs for both our work force and our community.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="third-level-content">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<a class="viewMoreButton" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/jobs">Explore Jobs at NIEHS</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<div class="level2MenuSpacer"></div>
|
||
<div class="megaMenuLandingContent">
|
||
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true"></i>
|
||
|
||
<div class="megaMenuText">
|
||
<div class="summary-text">
|
||
<div class="rxbodyfield">NIEHS offers a broad range of job opportunities, career enhancement programs, and research training grants and programs in environmental health sciences and administration.</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers">Explore Careers & Training</a>
|
||
<span class="smallBackgroundImage"></span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="accessible-megamenu-top-nav-item news">
|
||
<h2>
|
||
<span tabindex="0" role="menu" aria-expanded="false" class="trackMe" data-seotracker="Menu: News & Events">
|
||
News & Events
|
||
</span>
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<div class="panel-5 accessible-megamenu-panel" role="region" aria-expanded="true" aria-hidden="false">
|
||
<ol class="list-level-1">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<ul class="list-level-2 left">
|
||
<li class="landing-page-link">
|
||
<span>
|
||
<a class="second-level-link " href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news">News & Events</a>
|
||
</span>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
|
||
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/events">Events</a>
|
||
|
||
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
|
||
<div class="nav-feature">
|
||
<div class="third-level-content">
|
||
<p>NIEHS sponsors and co-sponsors scientific meetings, conferences, and events throughout the year. These meetings are listed in the NIEHS Events Calendar and are open to the general public.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="third-level-content">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<a class="viewMoreButton" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/events">Explore Events</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<ul class="link-container">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="https://tools.niehs.nih.gov/conference/hbcu_connect_2024/" class="level-3-link">HBCU-Connect Day</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/events/horizon-scanning">Horizon Scanning: Sharing Strategies to Move From Reactive to Proactive Approaches to Identify New Environmental Concerns</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/events/whad-2024">10th Annual Women's Health Awareness</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="https://tools.niehs.nih.gov/conference/peph_2024/" class="level-3-link"> PEPH 2024 | Climate Change and Environmental Justice: Engaging Diverse Teams</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/events/pastmtg">Past Events</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
|
||
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/webcasts">Live Webcasts</a>
|
||
|
||
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
|
||
<div class="nav-feature">
|
||
<div class="third-level-content">
|
||
<div class="views-element-container"><div class="upcoming-webcasts">
|
||
<h3>Webcasts</h3>
|
||
<p>There are no webcasts currently scheduled.</p>
|
||
<div class="more-link date-callout-card--conference-link"><a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/webcasts">View all Webcasts</a></div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<ul class="link-container">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/webcasts/help">Video Support</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
|
||
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/newsroom">News Room</a>
|
||
|
||
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
|
||
<div class="nav-feature">
|
||
<div class="third-level-content">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<a class="viewMoreButton" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/newsroom">Explore News Room</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<ul class="link-container">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/newsroom/interviews">Interviews</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/newsreleases">News Releases</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/newsroom/photos">Photos & Biographies, B-roll</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/rssfeed">RSS News Feeds</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/newsroom/newslist">Subscribe</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
|
||
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/allnewsletters">Newsletters</a>
|
||
|
||
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
|
||
<div class="nav-feature">
|
||
<div class="third-level-content">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<a class="viewMoreButton" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/allnewsletters">Explore Newsletters</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<ul class="link-container">
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
|
||
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/podcasts">Podcasts</a>
|
||
|
||
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
|
||
<div class="nav-feature">
|
||
<div class="third-level-content">
|
||
<p>Download or play NIEHS Health Chat's with a wide range of experts and topics.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="third-level-content">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<a class="viewMoreButton" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/podcasts">Explore Podcasts</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<ul class="link-container">
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
|
||
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/video">Video</a>
|
||
|
||
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
|
||
<div class="nav-feature">
|
||
<div class="third-level-content">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<a class="viewMoreButton" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/video">Explore Video</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<ul class="link-container">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/video/climate">Climate Change and Health</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/video/dr2">Disaster Research Response (DR2)</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/video/diversity">Diversity Speaker Series</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/video/ehd-ej">Environmental Health Disparities and Environmental Justice</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/video/grantee">Grantee Meetings</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/video/chat">Interviews With Scientists</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/video/naehsc">NIEHS Council Meetings</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/video/ntp">National Toxicology Program Videos</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/video/niehs">Press Events & Ceremonies</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/video/scivid">Science & Training Videos</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/video/science">Scientific Seminars</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/video/sms">Social Media Shorts</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/video/wha">Women's Health Awareness</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/video/worker-protections">Worker Protections</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<div class="level2MenuSpacer"></div>
|
||
<div class="megaMenuLandingContent">
|
||
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true"></i>
|
||
|
||
<div class="megaMenuText">
|
||
<div class="summary-text">
|
||
<div class="rxbodyfield">Find out about the exciting discoveries being made by NIEHS and NIEHS-supported researchers that are helping to improve health and save lives.</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news">Explore News & Events</a>
|
||
<span class="smallBackgroundImage"></span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="accessible-megamenu-top-nav-item about">
|
||
<h2>
|
||
<span tabindex="0" role="menu" aria-expanded="false" class="trackMe" data-seotracker="Menu: About NIEHS">
|
||
About NIEHS
|
||
</span>
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<div class="panel-6 accessible-megamenu-panel" role="region" aria-expanded="true" aria-hidden="false">
|
||
<ol class="list-level-1">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<ul class="list-level-2 left">
|
||
<li class="landing-page-link">
|
||
<span>
|
||
<a class="second-level-link " href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about">About NIEHS</a>
|
||
</span>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
|
||
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/od">Office of the Director</a>
|
||
|
||
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
|
||
<div class="nav-feature">
|
||
<div class="third-level-content">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<a class="viewMoreButton" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/od">Explore Office of the Director</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<ul class="link-container">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/od/director">Director</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/od/deputy">Deputy Director</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/od/ocpl">Communications & Public Liaison</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/od/ehp">Environmental Health Perspectives</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/od/osec">Environmental Science Cyberinfrastructure</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/od/oit">Information Technology</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/od/values">NIEHS Values</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/od/scope">Scientific Coordination, Planning and Evaluation (SCOPE)</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
|
||
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/orgchart">Organizational Structure</a>
|
||
|
||
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
|
||
<div class="nav-feature">
|
||
<div class="third-level-content">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<a class="viewMoreButton" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/orgchart">Explore Organizational Structure</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<ul class="link-container">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/orgchart/om">Management</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/orgchart/staff">Staff Directory</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
|
||
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/strategicplan">Strategic Plan 2018-2023</a>
|
||
|
||
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
|
||
<div class="nav-feature">
|
||
<div class="third-level-content">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<a class="viewMoreButton" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/strategicplan">Explore Strategic Plan 2018-2023</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<ul class="link-container">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/strategicplan/2018-2023_theme1">Theme One: Advancing Environmental Health Sciences</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/strategicplan/2018-2023_theme2">Theme Two: Promoting Translation – Data to Knowledge to Action</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/strategicplan/2018-2023_theme3">Theme Three: Enhancing EHS Through Stewardship and Support</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/strategicplan/strategicplan2024">Strategic Plan 2024-2028</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/strategicplan/strategicplan2012">Strategic Plan 2012-2017</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/strategicplan/strategicplan2006">Strategic Plan 2006-2011</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/strategicplan/informatics-it">Informatics and Information Technology Strategic Roadmap</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
|
||
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/boards">Advisory Boards & Councils</a>
|
||
|
||
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
|
||
<div class="nav-feature">
|
||
<div class="third-level-content">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<a class="viewMoreButton" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/boards">Explore Advisory Boards & Councils</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<ul class="link-container">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/boards/bsc">Board of Scientific Counselors</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/boards/cac">Clinical Advisory Committee</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/boards/committee">Environmental Health Sciences Review Committee</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/boards/ibc">Institutional Biosafety Committee</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/boards/naehsc">National Advisory Environmental Health Sciences Council</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
|
||
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/community">Community Involvement</a>
|
||
|
||
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
|
||
<div class="nav-feature">
|
||
<div class="third-level-content">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<a class="viewMoreButton" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/community">Explore Community Involvement</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<ul class="link-container">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/community/communityforums">Community Forums</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/community/donations">Donations to NIEHS</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/community/publicinterest">NIEHS Partners</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
|
||
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/congress">Congress</a>
|
||
|
||
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
|
||
<div class="nav-feature">
|
||
<div class="third-level-content">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<a class="viewMoreButton" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/congress">Explore Congress</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<ul class="link-container">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/congress/justification">Congressional Justification</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/congress/bennett">Legislative Liaison</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/congress/publiclaws">Public Laws</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
|
||
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/stewardship">Environmental Stewardship</a>
|
||
|
||
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
|
||
<div class="nav-feature">
|
||
<div class="third-level-content">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<a class="viewMoreButton" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/stewardship">Explore Environmental Stewardship</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<ul class="link-container">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/stewardship/lake">About Discovery Lake</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/stewardship/initiatives">Environmental Management Programs</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/stewardship/faq">Environmental Management System Frequently Asked Questions</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/stewardship/environmental-policy">Environmental Policy Statement</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/stewardship/green-honors">Green Champion Award</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
|
||
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/foia">Freedom of Information Act</a>
|
||
|
||
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
|
||
<div class="nav-feature">
|
||
<div class="third-level-content">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<a class="viewMoreButton" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/foia">Explore Freedom of Information Act</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<ul class="link-container">
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
|
||
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/history">History</a>
|
||
|
||
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
|
||
<div class="nav-feature">
|
||
<div class="third-level-content">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<a class="viewMoreButton" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/history">Explore History</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<ul class="link-container">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/history/timeline">Milestones Timeline</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/history/anniversary">NIEHS 50th Anniversary</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/history/podcasts">NIH Office of History - NIEHS Interviews</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/history/papers">Papers of the Year</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/history/pastdirectors">Past Directors and Nobel Laureate</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="https://tools.niehs.nih.gov/highlights/" class="level-3-link">Research Highlights</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
|
||
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/visiting">Visiting NIEHS</a>
|
||
|
||
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
|
||
<div class="nav-feature">
|
||
<div class="third-level-content">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<a class="viewMoreButton" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/visiting">Explore Visiting NIEHS</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<ul class="link-container">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/visiting/scooter">Scooters for the Disabled</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/visiting/delivery">Shipping and Delivery Information</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/visiting/well">WELL Building Health & Safety Rating</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<div class="level2MenuSpacer"></div>
|
||
<div class="megaMenuLandingContent">
|
||
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true"></i>
|
||
|
||
<div class="megaMenuText">
|
||
<div class="summary-text">
|
||
<div class="rxbodyfield">The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) is expanding and accelerating its contributions to scientific knowledge of human health and the environment, and to the health and well-being of people everywhere.</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about">Explore About NIEHS</a>
|
||
<span class="smallBackgroundImage"></span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="mobile-nav-wrapper">
|
||
<div class="mobile-bar hide-for-large">
|
||
<h2 class="hover">Your Environment. Your Health.</h2>
|
||
<div class="responsive-menu--right-buttons accessible-megamenu-panel open" id="accessible-megamenu-1516297191073-2" role="region" aria-expanded="true" aria-hidden="false">
|
||
<div class="mobile-search-button mobile-icon"></div>
|
||
<div class="mobile-menu-button mobile-icon"></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="mobile-search closeSearch" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<div class="search-wrapper show-for-small">
|
||
<form method="get" action="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/search/thundersearch">
|
||
<label for="prmobile" class="hide">Search NIEHS</label>
|
||
<input type="hidden" id="prmobile" name="pr" value="internet-all" title="internet-all" aria-label="internet-all" tabindex="-1">
|
||
<label for="sitesearchmobile" class="sweep-it-under-the-rug">Search NIEHS</label>
|
||
<input class="box queryAutocomplete" id="sitesearchmobile" name="keys" title="Site Search Mobile" aria-label="Site Search Mobile" onfocus="if(this.value==this.defaultValue) this.value='';" onblur="if(this.value=='') this.value=this.defaultValue;" type="text" tabindex="-1">
|
||
<button type="submit" placeholder="Search" id="search-btn2" value="submit" aria-label="submit" tabindex="-1">submit</button>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<nav id="mobileMenu" class="closeMenu sliding-menu" style="display: block; height: 0px;" aria-hidden="true"><ul data-id="sliding-menu-panel-5gxy1ra" class="sliding-menu-panel sliding-menu-panel-root" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<li><a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/" tabindex="-1">NIEHS Home page</a><a tabindex="-1" role="button"><i class="chevron right icon"></i></a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health" tabindex="-1">Health & Education</a></li><li><a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research" tabindex="-1">Research</a><a tabindex="-1" role="button" class="sliding-menu-nav" data-id="sliding-menu-panel-9jile1r"><i class="chevron right icon"></i></a></li><li><a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/funding" tabindex="-1">Funding Opportunities</a></li><li><a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers" tabindex="-1">Careers & Training</a></li><li><a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news" tabindex="-1">News & Events</a></li><li><a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about" tabindex="-1">About NIEHS</a></li></ul><ul data-id="sliding-menu-panel-9jile1r" class="sliding-menu-panel" aria-hidden="true"><li><a tabindex="-1" role="button" class="sliding-menu-back sliding-menu-nav" data-id="sliding-menu-panel-5gxy1ra">Research</a></li><li><a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/atniehs" tabindex="-1">At NIEHS</a></li><li><a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported" tabindex="-1">Grant Funded</a></li><li><a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/programs" tabindex="-1">Initiatives</a></li><li><a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/scientific-data" tabindex="-1">Scientific Data</a></li><li><a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources" tabindex="-1">Resources for Scientists</a><a tabindex="-1" role="button" class="sliding-menu-nav" data-id="sliding-menu-panel-971qxj6"><i class="chevron right icon"></i></a></li><li><a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/topics" tabindex="-1">What We Study</a></li></ul><ul data-id="sliding-menu-panel-971qxj6" class="sliding-menu-panel" aria-hidden="true"><li><a tabindex="-1" role="button" class="sliding-menu-back sliding-menu-nav" data-id="sliding-menu-panel-9jile1r">Resources for Scientists</a></li><li><a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/articles_journals" tabindex="-1">Articles and Journals</a></li><li><a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/bioethics" tabindex="-1">Bioethics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/cchhglossary" tabindex="-1">Climate Change and Human Health Glossary</a></li><li><a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/databases" tabindex="-1">Databases</a><a tabindex="-1" role="button" class="sliding-menu-nav" data-id="sliding-menu-panel-b5woxw0"><i class="chevron right icon"></i></a></li><li><a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/epresr" tabindex="-1">Electron Paramagnetic Resonance/Electron Spin Resonance (EPR/ESR)</a></li><li><a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/glossary" tabindex="-1">Glossaries</a></li><li><a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/imacs" tabindex="-1">International Myositis Assessment & Clinical Studies Group (IMACS)</a></li><li><a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/library" tabindex="-1">Library & Information Services</a></li><li><a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/protocols" tabindex="-1">Protocols</a></li><li><a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/events" tabindex="-1">Seminars, Conferences, & Symposia</a></li><li><a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/software" tabindex="-1">Software</a></li><li><a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/techtransfer" tabindex="-1">Technology Transfer</a></li><li><a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/visual-guides" tabindex="-1">Training and Visual Guides</a></li></ul><ul data-id="sliding-menu-panel-b5woxw0" class="sliding-menu-panel mm-visible-panel" aria-hidden="true" style="left: 0px;">
|
||
<li><a tabindex="-1" role="button" class="sliding-menu-back sliding-menu-nav" data-id="sliding-menu-panel-971qxj6">Databases</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/databases/covid19pvi" tabindex="-1">COVID-19 Pandemic Vulnerability Index Quick Start Guide</a><a tabindex="-1" role="button" class="sliding-menu-nav" data-id="sliding-menu-panel-l5ekhhq"><i class="chevron right icon"></i></a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/databases/dr2" tabindex="-1">Disaster Research Response (DR2) Resources Portal</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/databases/humandna" tabindex="-1">Human DNA Polymerase Gamma Mutation Database</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/databases/microarray" tabindex="-1">Microarray Group cDNA Clone Search</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/databases/orio" tabindex="-1">Online Resource for Integrative Omics (ORIO)</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/databases/p53" tabindex="-1">p53 Resources</a></li>
|
||
<li class="active"><a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/databases/snpinfo" tabindex="-1">SNPinfo Web Server2</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/databases/spintrap" tabindex="-1">Spin Trap Database</a></li></ul><ul data-id="sliding-menu-panel-l5ekhhq" class="sliding-menu-panel" aria-hidden="true"><li><a tabindex="-1" role="button" class="sliding-menu-back sliding-menu-nav" data-id="sliding-menu-panel-b5woxw0">COVID-19 Pandemic Vulnerability Index Quick Start Guide</a></li><li><a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/databases/covid19pvi/dashboard" tabindex="-1">COVID-19 Pandemic Vulnerability Index (PVI) Dashboard</a></li><li><a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/databases/covid19pvi/details" tabindex="-1">Details for PVI Maps</a></li></ul></nav>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</header>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Header ends -->
|
||
|
||
<div class="content-page">
|
||
<div class="content-header">
|
||
<div class="content-header--background-title research">
|
||
<div class="page-title-wrapper">
|
||
<div class="header-spacer"></div>
|
||
|
||
<h1 class="page-title"><span property="schema:name" class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">SNPinfo Web Server</span>
|
||
</h1>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<main class="content-page-wrapper" role="main" id="skip-navigation" name="skip-navigation">
|
||
<div class="content-page--inner-wrapper">
|
||
<div id="print-logo">
|
||
<img class="print-logo" src="/snpinfo/niehs_files/NIH_NIEHS_Print_logo.gif" alt="National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)" width="300" height="56">
|
||
</div>
|
||
<!-- Sidebar menu -->
|
||
<div class="left-nav-wrapper wwwStandard hide-for-small">
|
||
<div class="menu-toggle"></div>
|
||
<nav id="menu" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-left-main-navigation-menu" class="nav menu--main closeMenu">
|
||
|
||
<h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-left-main-navigation-menu">Left Main navigation</h2>
|
||
|
||
<ul data-region="sidebar" region="sidebar" class="parentnav">
|
||
<li class="inactive" none="">
|
||
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/" data-drupal-link-system-path="<front>" tabindex="-1">NIEHS Home page</a><div class="circle "><div class="horizontal"></div><div class="vertical"></div></div> </li>
|
||
<li class="inactive" none="">
|
||
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/60090" tabindex="-1">Health & Education</a><div class="circle "><div class="horizontal"></div><div class="vertical"></div></div> </li>
|
||
<li class="active" ancestor="">
|
||
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/60091" tabindex="-1">Research</a><div class="circle "><div class="horizontal"></div><div class="vertical"></div></div> <ul class="open">
|
||
<li class="inactive" none="">
|
||
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/atniehs" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/60108" tabindex="-1">At NIEHS</a><div class="circle "><div class="horizontal"></div><div class="vertical"></div></div> </li>
|
||
<li class="inactive" none="">
|
||
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/72761" tabindex="-1">Grant Funded</a><div class="circle "><div class="horizontal"></div><div class="vertical"></div></div> </li>
|
||
<li class="inactive" none="">
|
||
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/programs" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/68906" tabindex="-1">Initiatives</a><div class="circle "><div class="horizontal"></div><div class="vertical"></div></div> </li>
|
||
<li class="inactive" none="">
|
||
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/scientific-data" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/68931" tabindex="-1">Scientific Data</a><div class="circle "><div class="horizontal"></div><div class="vertical"></div></div> </li>
|
||
<li class="active" ancestor="">
|
||
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/68926" tabindex="-1">Resources for Scientists</a><div class="circle "><div class="horizontal"></div><div class="vertical"></div></div> <ul class="open">
|
||
<li class="inactive" none="">
|
||
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/articles_journals" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/69336" tabindex="-1">Articles and Journals</a><div class="circle "><div class="horizontal"></div><div class="vertical"></div></div> </li>
|
||
<li class="inactive" none="">
|
||
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/bioethics" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/72101" tabindex="-1">Bioethics</a><div class="circle "><div class="horizontal"></div><div class="vertical"></div></div> </li>
|
||
<li class="inactive" none="">
|
||
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/cchhglossary" tabindex="-1">Climate Change and Human Health Glossary</a><div class="circle "><div class="horizontal"></div><div class="vertical"></div></div> </li>
|
||
<li class="active" ancestor="">
|
||
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/databases" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/76366" tabindex="-1">Databases</a><div class="circle "><div class="horizontal"></div><div class="vertical"></div></div> <ul class="open">
|
||
<li class="active" sibling="">
|
||
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/databases/covid19pvi" class="nav-accordion-toggle" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/76456" tabindex="-1">COVID-19 Pandemic Vulnerability Index Quick Start Guide</a><div class="circle "><div class="horizontal"></div><div class="vertical"></div></div> <ul>
|
||
<li class="inactive" none="">
|
||
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/databases/covid19pvi/dashboard" tabindex="-1">COVID-19 Pandemic Vulnerability Index (PVI) Dashboard</a><div class="circle "><div class="horizontal"></div><div class="vertical"></div></div> </li>
|
||
<li class="inactive" none="">
|
||
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/databases/covid19pvi/details" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/76716" tabindex="-1">Details for PVI Maps</a><div class="circle "><div class="horizontal"></div><div class="vertical"></div></div> </li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="active" sibling="">
|
||
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/databases/dr2" tabindex="-1">Disaster Research Response (DR2) Resources Portal</a><div class="circle "><div class="horizontal"></div><div class="vertical"></div></div> </li>
|
||
<li class="active" sibling="">
|
||
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/databases/humandna" tabindex="-1">Human DNA Polymerase Gamma Mutation Database</a><div class="circle "><div class="horizontal"></div><div class="vertical"></div></div> </li>
|
||
<li class="active" sibling="">
|
||
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/databases/microarray" tabindex="-1">Microarray Group cDNA Clone Search</a><div class="circle "><div class="horizontal"></div><div class="vertical"></div></div> </li>
|
||
<li class="active" sibling="">
|
||
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/databases/orio" tabindex="-1">Online Resource for Integrative Omics (ORIO)</a><div class="circle "><div class="horizontal"></div><div class="vertical"></div></div> </li>
|
||
<li class="active" sibling="">
|
||
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/databases/p53" tabindex="-1">p53 Resources</a><div class="circle "><div class="horizontal"></div><div class="vertical"></div></div> </li>
|
||
<li class="this active open" self="">
|
||
<span>SNPinfo Web Server</span>
|
||
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/databases/snpinfo" class="self is-active" id="mobileLink" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/76461" tabindex="-1">SNPinfo Web Server</a><div class="circle opened"><div class="horizontal"></div><div class="vertical"></div></div> </li>
|
||
<li class="active" sibling="">
|
||
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/databases/spintrap" tabindex="-1">Spin Trap Database</a><div class="circle "><div class="horizontal"></div><div class="vertical"></div></div> </li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="inactive" none="">
|
||
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/epresr" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/76371" tabindex="-1">Electron Paramagnetic Resonance/Electron Spin Resonance (EPR/ESR)</a><div class="circle "><div class="horizontal"></div><div class="vertical"></div></div> </li>
|
||
<li class="inactive" none="">
|
||
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/glossary" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/76376" tabindex="-1">Glossaries</a><div class="circle "><div class="horizontal"></div><div class="vertical"></div></div> </li>
|
||
<li class="inactive" none="">
|
||
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/imacs" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/76381" tabindex="-1">International Myositis Assessment & Clinical Studies Group (IMACS)</a><div class="circle "><div class="horizontal"></div><div class="vertical"></div></div> </li>
|
||
<li class="inactive" none="">
|
||
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/library" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/76386" tabindex="-1">Library & Information Services</a><div class="circle "><div class="horizontal"></div><div class="vertical"></div></div> </li>
|
||
<li class="inactive" none="">
|
||
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/protocols" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/76391" tabindex="-1">Protocols</a><div class="circle "><div class="horizontal"></div><div class="vertical"></div></div> </li>
|
||
<li class="inactive" none="">
|
||
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/events" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/76396" tabindex="-1">Seminars, Conferences, & Symposia</a><div class="circle "><div class="horizontal"></div><div class="vertical"></div></div> </li>
|
||
<li class="inactive" none="">
|
||
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/software" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/76401" tabindex="-1">Software</a><div class="circle "><div class="horizontal"></div><div class="vertical"></div></div> </li>
|
||
<li class="inactive" none="">
|
||
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/techtransfer" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/76406" tabindex="-1">Technology Transfer</a><div class="circle "><div class="horizontal"></div><div class="vertical"></div></div> </li>
|
||
<li class="inactive" none="">
|
||
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/visual-guides" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/76411" tabindex="-1">Training and Visual Guides</a><div class="circle "><div class="horizontal"></div><div class="vertical"></div></div> </li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="inactive" none="">
|
||
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/topics" tabindex="-1">What We Study</a><div class="circle "><div class="horizontal"></div><div class="vertical"></div></div> </li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="inactive" none="">
|
||
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/funding" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/60092" tabindex="-1">Funding Opportunities</a><div class="circle "><div class="horizontal"></div><div class="vertical"></div></div> </li>
|
||
<li class="inactive" none="">
|
||
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/60093" tabindex="-1">Careers & Training</a><div class="circle "><div class="horizontal"></div><div class="vertical"></div></div> </li>
|
||
<li class="inactive" none="">
|
||
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/60094" tabindex="-1">News & Events</a><div class="circle "><div class="horizontal"></div><div class="vertical"></div></div> </li>
|
||
<li class="inactive" none="">
|
||
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/60095" tabindex="-1">About NIEHS</a><div class="circle "><div class="horizontal"></div><div class="vertical"></div></div> </li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Sidebar menu ends -->
|
||
<article class="content">
|
||
<div about="/research/resources/databases/snpinfo" typeof="schema:WebPage" class="content--inner-container">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<h2>User’s Guide</h2>
|
||
<p>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)</p>
|
||
<h3 id="contents">Contents</h3>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a href="#intro">Introduction</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="#selegene">Candidate gene SNP selection (GenePipe)</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="#selegwas">GWAS functional SNP selection (GenomePipe)</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="#selelink">SNP selection in linkage loci (LinkagePipe)</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="#snptag">TAG SNP selection (TagSNP)</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="#snpfunc">Functional SNP prediction (FuncPred)</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="#snpinfo">SNP information in DNA sequence (SNPseq)</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="#refer">Reference</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="#cite">How to cite this work</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="#update">Update Information</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
<hr />
|
||
<h3 id="intro">Introduction</h3>
|
||
<p>SNPinfo is designed to comprehensively utilize computational (predicted functional SNPs that have differential affect between reference allele and alternative allele), experimental and epidemiological information together with recent genome wide association study (GWAS) results and linkage disequilibrium (LD) information to prioritize SNPs for further genetic mapping studies. Users are not required to provide genotype information for LD calculation because genotype data have been pre-deposited into the web server database for all SNPs with population genotype data found in HapMap (3 populations) and dbSNP (5 populations).</p>
|
||
<p>The web utilities can be used for the following tasks:</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>TAG SNP selection for candidate genes based on LD, GWAS results and SNP functional prediction information.</li>
|
||
<li>TAG SNP selection for candidate genes based on LD, SNP functional prediction information.</li>
|
||
<li>TAG SNP selection for candidate genes or candidate regions based on LD information only.</li>
|
||
<li>Functional SNP selection from GWAS SNPs and SNPs in high LD with GWAS SNPs.</li>
|
||
<li>GWAS SNP selection in candidate genomic regions, such as: linkage loci.</li>
|
||
<li>Visualization of LD or genotype structure.</li>
|
||
<li>Querying SNP functional predictions and minor allele frequencies.</li>
|
||
<li>Visualization of SNP information in DNA sequence.</li>
|
||
<li>Visualization of CpG region.</li>
|
||
<li>Preparing DNA Sequence for Primer Design considering SNP information in flanking sequence.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<hr />
|
||
<h3 id="selegene">GenePipe: Candidate gene SNP selection</h3>
|
||
<p>This pipeline provides SNP prioritization for candidate genes and their flanking regions based on Genome wide association study (GWAS) results, functional SNP predictions and Linkage disequilibrium (LD). Publically avialable GWAS data can be downloaded from <a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gap">dbGaP</a> or other locations. If GWAS data is not provided, this utility will select SNPs based on LD, or SNP functional prediction or both information.</p>
|
||
<p><strong>Try example data</strong><br />
|
||
Elect to use the P value and gene list example files to learn how the web utility work. User can click and open the linked example file to check the format of input files. The example GWAS P value file was from an actual GWAS study using Illumina 550K genotyping chip, but the P values were randomly shuffled.</p>
|
||
<p><strong>Upload GWAS P values</strong><br />
|
||
P value file follows a comma-delimited text format that contain the columns listed below.</p>
|
||
<p><strong>SNP rsid,P-value</strong></p>
|
||
<p>For example:</p>
|
||
<p><img src="./files/snp-rsid-p-value.gif" alt="SNP rsid,P-value" width="115" height="56" hspace="0" vspace="0" border="0"></p>
|
||
|
||
<!-- <pre>
|
||
rs12562034,0.633297
|
||
rs3934834,0.562068
|
||
rs9442372,0.019493
|
||
rs3737728,0.923988
|
||
</pre>-->
|
||
|
||
<p><strong>Upload gene list</strong><br />
|
||
Gene list file follows a comma-delimited text format that contain the columns of gene name and NCBI gene id. Gene id instead of gene name will be used for gene identifier. NCBI gene id can be easily obtained from NCBI <a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene">Entrez Gene</a>.</p>
|
||
<p>For example:</p>
|
||
<p><img src="./files/upload-gene-list.gif" alt="Upload gene list" width="83" height="87" hspace="0" vspace="0" border="0"></p>
|
||
|
||
<!-- <pre>
|
||
CYP19A1,1588
|
||
KLK10,5655
|
||
IL15RA,3601
|
||
KDR,3791
|
||
BIRC4,331
|
||
TUBE1,51175
|
||
</pre>-->
|
||
|
||
<p><strong>Genotype data</strong><br />
|
||
Options to use the combined ethnic-specific genotype data in dbSNP database or only HapMap genotype data for linkage disequilibrium (LD, measured by r<sup>2</sup>) calculation. dbSNP includs genotype data submitted by HapMap and many other submitters. Thus dbSNP not only has genotype data for many SNPs not in HapMap, but also has larger sample size for HapMap SNPs.<br />
|
||
The current database has genotype data for samples from 5 population groups in dbSNP (we excluded other populations with very limited genotype data available in dbSNP) and 11 populations in HapMap. dbSNP samples may not as homogenous as HapMap because dbSNP includeds samples from multiple submitters. We combined genotypes in dbSNP database for individuals of same ethnic group together. If multiple submitters genotyped the same SNP in same individual, and the genotype data are inconsistent among them, we assign the individual the most commonly called genotype, or assign a missing if genotype calls are equally split.<br />
|
||
The the number of SNPs with genotype data in dbSNP and HapMap database is shown in the following table</p>
|
||
<table summary="The the number of SNPs with genotype data in dbSNP and HapMap database" border="1">
|
||
<caption>
|
||
The number of SNPs with genotype data in dbSNP and HapMap (April, 2009)
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th scope="col">Population</th>
|
||
<th scope="col">dbSNP</th>
|
||
<th scope="col">HapMap</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td scope="row">Asian</td>
|
||
<td>4,348,928</td>
|
||
<td>-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td scope="row">European</td>
|
||
<td>4,344,285</td>
|
||
<td>-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td scope="row">Sub-Saharan African</td>
|
||
<td>4,104,877</td>
|
||
<td>-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td scope="row">African American</td>
|
||
<td>1,712,302</td>
|
||
<td>-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td scope="row">Hispanic</td>
|
||
<td>30,471</td>
|
||
<td>-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td scope="row">African ancestry in Southwest USA(ASW)</td>
|
||
<td>-</td>
|
||
<td>1,561,453</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td scope="row">Utah residents with Northern and Western European ancestry from the CEPH collection(CEU)</td>
|
||
<td>4,030,774</td>
|
||
<td>4,030,774</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td scope="row">Han Chinese in Beijing, China(CHB)</td>
|
||
<td>4,052,336</td>
|
||
<td>4,052,336</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td scope="row">Chinese in Metropolitan Denver, Colorado(CHD)</td>
|
||
<td>-</td>
|
||
<td>1,306,196</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td scope="row">Gujarati Indians in Houston, Texas(GIH)</td>
|
||
<td>-</td>
|
||
<td>1,407,877</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td scope="row">Japanese in Tokyo, Japan(JPT)</td>
|
||
<td>4,052,423</td>
|
||
<td>4,052,423</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td scope="row">Luhya in Webuye, Kenya(LWK)</td>
|
||
<td>-</td>
|
||
<td>1,529,764</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td scope="row">Mexican ancestry in Los Angeles, California(MEX)</td>
|
||
<td>-</td>
|
||
<td>1,410,265</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td scope="row">Maasai in Kinyawa, Kenya(MKK)</td>
|
||
<td>-</td>
|
||
<td>1,537,638</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td scope="row">Toscans in Italy(TSI)</td>
|
||
<td>-</td>
|
||
<td>1,419,921</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td scope="row">Yoruba in Ibadan, Nigeria(YRI)</td>
|
||
<td>3,984,356</td>
|
||
<td>3,984,356</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<br />
|
||
<p><strong>GWAS population</strong><br />
|
||
The ethnic population that genome wide association study involved. Only one population can be selected currently, we will extend it to multiple populations later.</p>
|
||
<p><strong>Study population</strong><br />
|
||
The populations on which an investigator want to study. If multiple populations are selected, a single set of multi-population LD tag SNPs will be selected to cover LD structure in each of the populations.</p>
|
||
<p><strong>5` gene upstream region (Base pair)</strong><br />
|
||
A positive integer number to indicate how many base pair of 5` gene upstream flanking region should be covered by SNPs selected.</p>
|
||
<p><strong>3` gene upstream region (Base pair)</strong><br />
|
||
A positive integer number to indicate how many base pair of 3` gene downstream flanking region should be covered by SNPs selected.</p>
|
||
<p><strong>Tagging proportion cutoff</strong><br />
|
||
In an initial gene selection screen we calculate the percentage (tagging proportion) of SNPs in and around a gene that are in high LD with any SNPs in the GWAS. The possible value of tagging proportion range from 0 to 1. This cutoff is to indicate good or bad coverage of common SNP (defined by the parameter value of "Minor Allele Frequency Cutoff for Common SNP") within a gene + flanking region by GWAS SNPs. The denominator of a tagging proportion is the number of common SNPs within gene+flanking region defined above. The numerator is the number of common SNPs (within gene+flangking region) that are in high LD (at a LD threshold as defined below) with GWAS SNPs within gene+flanking region + 250,000 base pair on both sides of the flanking regions. If tagging tagging proportion for a gene is higher than the cutoff and none of the SNPs in the gene+flanking region has significant P value (at a P value cutoff defined below), the gene will be excluded.</p>
|
||
<p><strong>Minor Allele Frequency Cutoff for Common SNP</strong><br />
|
||
Range from 0 to 0.5. SNPs with minor allele frequency above this cutoff will be classified into common SNPs, rare SNPs otherwise. This cutoff will be used for gene selection only.</p>
|
||
<p><strong>GWAS P Value cutoff</strong><br />
|
||
GWAS SNPs with P value higher than this cutoff will be classified as high P value GWAS SNPs, low P value GWAS SNPs otherwise. SNPs that are in high LD with high P value GWAS SNPs will not be considered in SNP selection because we assume they were checked by GWAS already with no evidence of association. This cutoff should not be too small, a SNP with P value close to 0.05 in one GWAS can be the most significant SNP in another GWAS, e.g. the P value for SNP rs10993994 is 0.042 in one GWAS on prostate cancer, while 7.31x10<sup>-13</sup> in a follow up study.</p>
|
||
<p><strong>LD Threshold</strong><br />
|
||
Two SNPs with LD ≥ the threshold will be considered as being in high LD, low LD otherwise. LD is measured by pairwise r<sup>2</sup></p>
|
||
<p><strong>minimum # of SNPs tagged by a tag SNP</strong><br />
|
||
For a SNP, the number of tagged SNPs is calculated as the number of SNPs that are in high LD (at a LD threshold) with the SNP multiplied by the weight (defined below by user) of the SNP. The number of tagged SNPs must be ≥ this parameter value to qualify as a tag SNPs. Setting the parameter value higher will result in smaller number of tag SNPs being selected for a gene to cover most SNPs in the gene. For example, if assign weight of 1 to any categories of SNPs, and 2 for this parameter (require each tag SNP can capture at least 2 SNPs). For most genes, the LD tag SNPs selected in this way are able to capture over 80% to 90% of SNPs within genes while the number of tag SNPs is only about half of the number of tag SNPs to capture 100% of SNPs. Using only multi-SNP tag SNPs is one way to optimize study power given a fixed number of SNPs genotyped (de Bakker, et al 2005). This parameter together with different weights for different category of SNPs allows flexibility in controling the use of SNP functional prediction information in the SNP selection process. However, for a small percentage of genes with "messy" LD structure (where the majority of SNPs tag only themselves, i.e. are in singleton LD bins), selected tag SNPs may only be able to capture a small percentage of common SNPs if a value of ≥ 2 is assigned to this parameter.</p>
|
||
<p><strong>minimum # of Tag SNPs/Gene</strong><br />
|
||
If the number of SNPs in a gene qualified as tag SNPs based on the above criterion (the minimum # of SNPs tagged by a tag SNP) is smaller than this parameter value, more best available SNPs that capture most SNPs within the gene will be selected as tag SNPs. This parameter is to ensure that at least some tag SNPsare selected for each gene. </p>
|
||
<p><strong>maximum # of Tag SNPs/Gene</strong><br />
|
||
Maximum number of Tag SNPs allowed to be selected for a gene. This is similar to select best N SNPs to optimize power when assign same weight to any SNPs (de Bakker, et al 2005). Without the restriction, a large percentage of SNPs may be selected for only a small percentage of large genes. Users can assign a large positive integer to this parameter if there is no limitation of genotyping resource, or if they want to select SNPs to capture 100% of common SNPs within any genes. </p>
|
||
<p><strong>Minor Allele Frequency Cutoff and Weight</strong><br />
|
||
Different minor allele frequency (MAF) cutoffs and weights can be assigned to different categories of SNPs. SNPs with MAF lower than the corresponding MAF cutoff will not be considered in SNP selection. The algorithm will preferecially select high weight SNPs. If a SNP belongs to multiple categories, the maximum of possible weights (in these categories that the SNP belong to) will be applied to the SNP. Investigators may want to assign lower MAF cutoffs to predicted "high risk" SNPs because such SNPs tend to have lower MAF due to natural selection. If a user only want to select SNP from a specific category of SNPs, he/she can unelect "Include" for other category of SNPs. For example, if a user only selects nsSNP, and then only nsSNPs will be selected. User can also ignore functional SNP prediction results by assigning same MAF cutoffs and weights to any types of SNPs. These MAFs and weights together with "minimum # of SNPs tagged by a tag SNP" can flexibly control the use of SNP functional prediction information in SNP selection process. Weights act as multipliers of the actual number of SNPs tagged by any given SNP. For example, if there is a nsSNP that tags a total of 4 SNPs, and nsSNPs as a category having a weight of 3, then the weight-adjusted tagging capability of the SNP is 4X3=12. <br />
|
||
When SNPs in different categories tagged the same number of other SNPs, users can assign a slightly higher weight to some categories of SNPs to break the tie. For example, if more prefer small P value SNPs, users can assign 3.1 to Low P value SNPs and 3 to other SNP categories.</p>
|
||
<p>See <a href="#snpfunc"><strong>"Functional SNP Prediction" </strong></a> below for the following parameters.</p>
|
||
<p><strong>nsSNP,Splicing,Stop Codon,SNPs3D,Polyphen,TFBS,miRNA,Conservation</strong></p>
|
||
<p><strong>Low P SNP</strong><br />
|
||
GWAS SNPs with P value ≤ the "GWAS P value cutoff" as defined above.</p>
|
||
<p><strong>Submit</strong><br />
|
||
The selection process is computationally intensive, it can take more than 10 minutes depending on the number of interested genes submitted. <br />
|
||
Please do not double click the submit button while you are waiting for the results.</p>
|
||
<p><strong>OUTPUT</strong><br />
|
||
In the output, each gene name or SNP rs id is associated with a hyperlink to corresponding NCBI gene or SNP web page. In the functional prediction output, 1 denotes that a SNP occurs in a putative functional region and has differecial functional effect between SNP reference allele and alternative allele, 0 otherwise.<br />
|
||
Users can also export query result into an Excel file.</p>
|
||
<hr />
|
||
<h3 id="selegwas">GenomePipe: GWAS functional SNP selection</h3>
|
||
<p>Genome wide SNP association studies (GWAS) on large samples provided population based evidence of the relationship between phenotypes and more than half millions of SNPs. In addition, GWAS SNPs tag, via LD, a much larger set of SNPs, although the set of SNPs tagged by any individual GWAS SNP depends on the ethnicity of the genotyped individual. This web utility is to select predicted functional SNPs from SNPs that are in high LD with low P value GWAS SNPs (or that are themselves a GWAS SNP).</p>
|
||
<p><strong>Try example data </strong><br />
|
||
Elect to use the GWAS P value example file to learn how the web query work. User can also click and open the linked example file to check the format of input file.</p>
|
||
<p><strong>Upload GWAS P values</strong><br />
|
||
See <a href="#selegene"><strong>Candidate gene SNP selection</strong></a> for the file format.</p>
|
||
<p><strong>Genotype data<br />
|
||
GWAS population<br />
|
||
Study population</strong><br />
|
||
See <a href="#selegene"><strong>Candidate gene SNP selection</strong></a> for the related explanation.</p>
|
||
<p><strong>Flanking region (Base pair)</strong><br />
|
||
A positive integer with range of [1, 250,000] to indicate the maximum distance on both sides of a SNP to check for SNPs that are in high LD with the SNP. This is also the maximum distance between 2 SNPs to check for LD relationship between them. Two SNPs are considered to be independent of each other if the distance between them is larger than this parameter value.</p>
|
||
<p><strong>GWAS P Value Cutoff</strong><br />
|
||
SNPs with P value ≤ the cutoff will be classified as low P value SNPs, and high P value SNPs otherwise. Only SNPs that are in high LD with low P value GWAS SNPs will be considered in the SNP selection. </p>
|
||
<p><strong>LD Threshold</strong><br />
|
||
Two SNPs with LD ≥ the threshold will be considered as in high LD, low LD otherwise. LD is measured by pairwise r<sup>2</sup></p>
|
||
<p><strong>Minor Allele Frequency Cutoff</strong><br />
|
||
Different minor allele frequency cutoffs can be assigned to different categories of SNPs. <br />
|
||
Investigators may want to assign smaller MAF cutoffs for predicted high risk SNPs because high risk SNPs tend to have lower MAF due to natural selection. If a user only want to select SNP from a specific category of SNPs, he/she can unelect "Include" for other category of SNPs. For example, if only nsSNP is checked then only nsSNPs will be selected.</p>
|
||
<p>See <a href="#snpfunc"><strong>"Functional SNP Prediction" </strong></a> for the following SNP functional prediction parameters.<br />
|
||
<strong>nsSNP, Splice, Stop Codon, SNPs3D,Polyphen, TFBS, miRNA, Conservation</strong></p>
|
||
<hr />
|
||
<h3 id="selelink">LinkagePipe: GWAS SNP Selection in Linkage Loci</h3>
|
||
<p>This utility is to select top ranked (based on P value) non-redundant GWAS SNPs in linkage loci. Linkage loci discovered by linkage studies on large number of pedigrees are valuable indicators of possible candidate genomic regions that may contain causal genetic markers. GWAS studies usually have much denser SNP markers than linkage studies, and thus can provide finer genetic mapping in larger population samples for the linkage study findings. Within each linkage locus, we firstly identify all GWAS SNPs with P value less than a certain threshold and eliminate any redundant SNPs (based on pairwise LD), and then select a user-specified number of top SNPs based on P value rank.</p>
|
||
<p><strong>Try example data </strong><br />
|
||
Click checkoff box to use the GWAS P value and linkage loci example file to learn how the web query works. User can also click and open the linked example file to check the format of input files.</p>
|
||
<p><strong>Upload GWAS P values</strong><br />
|
||
See <a href="#selegene"><strong>Candidate gene SNP selection</strong></a> for the file format.</p>
|
||
<p><strong>Upload Linkage Loci Positions</strong><br />
|
||
Linkage loci file follows a comma-delimited text format that contain the columns listed below.<br />
|
||
<strong>Chromosome,name of linkage locus,start position of a linkage locus,end position of a linkage locus</strong></p>
|
||
<p>For example:</p>
|
||
<p><img src="./files/upload-linkage-loci-positions.gif" alt="Upload Linkage Loci Positions" width="156" height="71" hspace="0" vspace="0" border="0"></p>
|
||
|
||
<!-- <pre>
|
||
10,10p15,1,6700000
|
||
13,13q12,18400000,31100000
|
||
13,13q13,31100000,39500000
|
||
15,15q11,17000000,23300000
|
||
15,15q12,23300000,25700000
|
||
</pre>-->
|
||
|
||
<p><strong>Genotype data<br />
|
||
Study population</strong><br />
|
||
See <a href="#selegene"><strong>Candidate gene SNP selection</strong></a> for the related explanation.</p>
|
||
<p><strong>Minor Allele Frequency Cutoff for Common SNP</strong><br />
|
||
SNPs with MAF lower than this cutoff will be excluded from SNP selection.</p>
|
||
<p><strong>Maximum # of SNPs/linkage locus</strong><br />
|
||
Maximum number of SNPs allowed to be selected for each linkage locus</p>
|
||
<p><strong>GWAS P Value Cutoff</strong><br />
|
||
SNPs with P value ≤ the cutoff will be classified as low P value SNPs, and high P value SNPs otherwise. High P value SNPs will be excluded from SNP selection.</p>
|
||
<p><strong>LD Threshold</strong><br />
|
||
LD threshold to declare two SNPs are in high LD or in low LD. This will be used to eliminate redundant SNPs. LD is measured by pairwise r<sup>2</sup></p>
|
||
<hr />
|
||
<h3 id="snptag">TagSNP: TAG SNP Selection</h3>
|
||
<p>This utility provides LD tag SNP selection and visualization for single or multiple populations. It uses a refined greedy algorithm originally implemented in software TAGster (Xu, Kaplan et al. 2007a) for LD tag SNP selection. LD is measured by r<sup>2</sup> or composite linkage disequilibrium (CLD).</p>
|
||
<p>This utility can also be used to finalize the combined SNP list from various selections pipelines. Users can paste here all SNP rs # from different selection results and provide a list of mandatorily included or excluded SNPs. The utility will then eliminate redundant SNPs chromosome-wide based on LD relationship and eliminate SNPs with low SNP assay design scores (if provided by users). It can also organize all SNPs into chromosome groups and produce high quality LD structure or genotype figures.</p>
|
||
<p><strong>Query By</strong><br />
|
||
Query type can be gene name, NCBI gene id, SNP rs number or chromosome positions.<br />
|
||
If query by gene name or gene id, the user has options to specify the length of 5` or 3` flanking gene region.<br />
|
||
If query by SNP rs number, the utility will firstly separate SNPs into chromosome group, and then select LD tag SNPs for SNPs within each chromosome group. Users must also paste in the set of rs numbers for all SNPs for which they wish to mandate inclusion.</p>
|
||
<p><strong>Genotype Data<br />
|
||
Population</strong><br />
|
||
See <a href="#selegene"><strong>Candidate gene SNP selection</strong></a> for the related explanation.</p>
|
||
<p><strong>Force in SNPs</strong><br />
|
||
A list of mandatorily included tag SNP rs number with file format of single column of rs id.</p>
|
||
<p>For example:</p>
|
||
<p><img src="./files/force-in-snps.gif" alt="aaa" width="67" height="69" hspace="0" vspace="0" border="0"></p>
|
||
|
||
<!-- <pre>
|
||
rs12562034
|
||
rs3934834
|
||
rs9442372
|
||
rs3737728
|
||
|
||
......
|
||
</pre>-->
|
||
|
||
<p>In the selection process, the algorithm will first select SNPs in this file as LD tag SNPs, and then select additional tag SNPs for other un-tagged SNPs.<br />
|
||
<strong>However, if a SNP in this file is not actually included in the query SNP rs list (or is not located within the query gene and flanking region, or is not in the query chromosome position range,or do not have genotype data in user specified database(dbSNP or HapMap)), the algorithm will exclude the SNP from further selection process, and thus will not be selected as a tag SNP. This restriction is to rule out some possible typing error. User can simply add them back as tag SNPs if there is no error.</strong></p>
|
||
<p><strong>Force out SNPs</strong><br />
|
||
A list of SNP rs number that should not be selected as tag SNP.<br />
|
||
Although SNPs in this file will not be selected as tag SNPs, their information will be used in the selection process. They can be tagged by other tag SNPs unless they are singletons (only can be tagged by themselves). For example, if there are 2 other SNPs A and B, SNP A can capture SNP C and D, D is in force out SNP list, if SNP B can only tag SNP C but not D, and then SNP A will be firstly selected as tag SNP because it can capture more other SNPs.</p>
|
||
<p><strong>SNP Design Score</strong><br />
|
||
Scores within the range of [0,1] to indicate the probability of a SNP to be successfully genotyped on a specific genotyping platform.<br />
|
||
SNP assay design score file follows a comma-delimited text format that contain the columns listed below.</p>
|
||
<p><strong>SNP rs id,score</strong></p>
|
||
<p>For example:</p>
|
||
<p><img src="./files/snp-rs-id-score.gif" alt="SNP rs id,score" width="85" height="85" hspace="0" vspace="0" border="0"></p>
|
||
|
||
<!-- <pre>
|
||
rs12562034,0.9
|
||
rs3934834,1
|
||
rs9442372,0.6
|
||
rs3737728,0.25
|
||
rs6687776,0.1
|
||
......
|
||
</pre>-->
|
||
|
||
<p><strong>SNP Design Score cutoff</strong><br />
|
||
SNPs with assay design score lower than this cutoff will not be selected as tag SNP.</p>
|
||
<p><strong>LD Method</strong><br />
|
||
Specify a statistic used to measure LD relationship between SNPs. CLD: composite linkage disequilibrium. </p>
|
||
<p><strong>Minimum # of valid genotype pairs required to calculate LD</strong><br />
|
||
A minimum number of informative genotype pairs (genotype pairs without missing data) required between 2 SNPs to calculate a valid LD value between them. If the number of informative genotype pairs is less than the specified value, a missing LD value will be assigned. LD statistic calculated based on very few genotype pairs is not reliable.</p>
|
||
<p><strong>LD threshold</strong><br />
|
||
LD threshold to declare two SNPs are in high LD or in low LD. This is used to decide whether one SNP can capture another SNP.</p>
|
||
<p><strong>Maximum distance (bp) between SNPs for calculation of LD</strong><br />
|
||
Maximum physical distance in base pair between two SNPs allowed for calculation of LD between the two SNPs. A missing value will be assigned if their physical distance is more than the distance specified here to assume independence between them.<br />
|
||
<strong>To speed up the selection procedure, when the distance was set to less than or equal to 250,000 bp, the server will use pre-deposited LD values (r squares precalculated based on dbSNP genotype data or downloaded from HapMap web site (www.hapmap.org)). When the distance was set to a value of greater than 250,000 bp, the server will calculate LD based on the genotypes user specified.</strong></p>
|
||
<p><strong>Minor Allele Frequency range</strong><br />
|
||
SNPs with minor allele frequency outside of the range will be excluded in SNP selection. This allow user to select tag SNPs for SNPs within any frequencies range within [0,0.5].</p>
|
||
<p><strong>Minimum number of SNPs tagged by each tag SNP</strong><br />
|
||
This defines the minimum number of SNPs required to be tagged by each tag SNP across single or multiple populations; The parameter value will substantially influence the number of tag SNPs as well as the percentage of SNPs captured by selected tag SNPs. For example, if a parameter value of 2 is assigned to exclude singleton tag SNPs (tag SNPs that only tag themselves in a single population during the selection process), the number of tag SNPs will be reduced by half for most genes while tagging proportions (the percentage of common SNPs captured by selected tag SNPs) will decrease by only around 10% (Xu, Kaplan, Taylor 2007b). However, for genes with messy LD structure (majority of SNPs only be able to tag themselves), selected tag SNPs may only capture a very small percentage of common SNPs if a value of ≥ 2 is assigned to this parameter.</p>
|
||
<p><strong>Figure</strong><br />
|
||
If query by rs number, each LD or genotype figure will be produced for each chromosome for each population.<br />
|
||
If query by gene name or gene id, each LD or genotype figure will be produced for each gene for each population.</p>
|
||
<p><strong>Sort by</strong><br />
|
||
LD or genotype figures can be sorted by <br />
|
||
LD similarity: sort by LD bins, from large to small LD bins if no force in SNPs. <br />
|
||
Genotype similarity: sort by genotype similarity (3 possible genotypes for each SNP: homozygous common, heterozygous and homozygous rare), genotype figure usually looks more clean with this option.<br />
|
||
Chromosome position: sort by SNP chromosome position.</p>
|
||
<p><strong>Show LD Bins</strong><br />
|
||
Show track for LD bins and the average LD statistic across SNPs within each LD bin on the top of LD or genotype figure.</p>
|
||
<p><strong>Show minor allele frequency track</strong><br />
|
||
Show minor allele frequency for each SNP on the top of LD or genotype figure.</p>
|
||
<p><strong>Show chromosome position track</strong><br />
|
||
Show chromosome position track at left of LD figure.</p>
|
||
<p><strong>Flag nsSNPs</strong><br />
|
||
Flag non-synonymous SNPs with star symbol on the top of LD or genotype figure.</p>
|
||
<p><strong>Color SNPs with Genomic Context</strong><br />
|
||
See Output for the related explanation.</p>
|
||
<h3>Output</h3>
|
||
<p><strong>LD tag SNP file</strong><br />
|
||
The format of the file can be found below. The first line contains a list of variable names.<br />
|
||
gene_name tag_SNP_identifier Size(number of SNPs captured by tagSNP) Average_MAF Average r^2 <pop_1> captured SNP list in population 1 <pop_n> captured SNP list in population n</p>
|
||
<p>For example:</p>
|
||
<p><img src="./files/ld-tag-snp-file.gif" alt="sss" width="460" height="146" hspace="0" vspace="0" border="0"></p>
|
||
|
||
<!-- <pre>
|
||
gene TagSNP Size ave.MAF ave.r2 SNPs captured
|
||
BRCA1_672 rs8176296 90 0.2980 0.9818 (af) rs12516,rs16942,rs1799949,rs1799966 ......
|
||
BRCA1_672 rs2236762 73 0.3219 0.9664 (af) rs2236762,rs799916 (as) rs1060915,rs12516.....
|
||
BRCA1_672 rs8176194 73 0.3198 0.9879 (af) rs8176194,rs8176202 (as) rs1060915,rs12516.....
|
||
BRCA1_672 rs8067269 37 0.3535 0.9389 (as) rs8067269 (eu) rs1060915,rs12516,rs16940,rs16941.....
|
||
BRCA1_672 rs8176240 4 0.1213 0.9662 (af) rs8176132,rs8176134,rs8176225,rs8176240
|
||
BRCA1_672 rs3737559 3 0.4907 1.0000 (af) rs3737559 (as) rs3737559 (eu) rs3737559
|
||
BRCA1_672 rs28897695 2 0.0722 1.0000 (af) rs28897695 (as) rs28897695
|
||
BRCA1_672 rs799914 1 0.1417 1.0000 (af) rs799914
|
||
......
|
||
</pre>-->
|
||
|
||
<p><strong>LD Figure</strong><br />
|
||
Each figure displays the following contents:</p>
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li>SNP name colored with genomic context
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Black: Intron region</li>
|
||
<li><font color="red">Red: Coding region</font></li>
|
||
<li><font color="#FF8040">Orange: Splice site</font></li>
|
||
<li><font color="blue">Blue: UTR region</font></li>
|
||
<li><font color="green">Green: Non-genic region</font></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>Flags for tag SNPs and non-synonymous SNPs</li>
|
||
<li>Minor allele frequency for each SNP each population denoted by the height of green bar.</li>
|
||
<li>Pair-wise LD values indicated by different color</li>
|
||
<li>Chromosome locations for tag SNPs (red) and other SNPs (blue)</li>
|
||
<li>Total chromosome length that SNPs cover</li>
|
||
<li>gene name and gene id</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
<p>For example:</p>
|
||
<p align="center"><strong>LD figure for SNPs within gene ABP1 (gene id: 26) and 1000 bp flanking region on both sides, sorted by LD group</strong><br />
|
||
<img src="./files/ldfig1-sm.gif" border="1" width="450" height="335" align="middle" alt="lldfig1"><br />
|
||
<small><a href="./files/ldfig1.gif">Click for larger view</a></small></p>
|
||
<p>It can also be sorted by SNP chromosome position (the following example) or genotype similarity.</p>
|
||
<p align="center"><strong>LD figure for SNPs within gene ABP1 (gene id: 26) and 1000 bp flanking region on both sides, sorted by chromosome position</strong><br />
|
||
<img src="./files/ldfig2-sm.gif" border="1" width="450" height="381" align="middle" alt="lldfig2"><br />
|
||
<small><a href="./files/ldfig2.gif">Click for larger view</a></small></p>
|
||
<p><strong>Genotype Figure </strong><br />
|
||
Genotype figure displays the following contents from up to bottom: </p>
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li>SNP list</li>
|
||
<li>Flags for tag SNPs and non-synonymous SNPs.</li>
|
||
<li>LD bins and average r<sup>2</sup> denoted by the height of red bars within each LD bin. For each LD bin, r<sup>2</sup> is averaged across r<sup>2</sup>s between a LD tag SNP and other SNPs within the LD bin. Values of r<sup>2</sup> range from 0 to 1.</li>
|
||
<li>Minor allele frequency for each SNP each population denoted by the height of red bars.</li>
|
||
<li>Sorted genotypes with rows referring to individuals and columns referring to SNPs.</li>
|
||
<li>major/minor alleles</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
<p>For example:</p>
|
||
<p align="center"><img src="./files/genofig1.gif" border="1" width="433" height="1068" align="middle" alt="lgenofig1"></p>
|
||
<hr />
|
||
<h3 id="snpinfo">SNPseq: SNP Information in DNA Sequence</h3>
|
||
<p>This tool displays SNP related information on the context of NCBI DNA reference sequence. It is also a tool to prepare DNA sequence for PCR primer design based on SNP information and visualization of CpG regions.</p>
|
||
<p><strong>Query type</strong><br />
|
||
Query type can be gene name, NCBI gene id, SNP rs number or chromosome position.<br />
|
||
<!--When query by chromosome position, if the end position is smaller than start position, the output sequence will be in "-" orientation.<br />-->
|
||
DNA sequence is for NCBI Build Number: 36 Version: 2.</p>
|
||
<p><strong>Info</strong><br />
|
||
Options to display SNP related information in the output.<br />
|
||
There are the following options:</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Base pair substitution: SNP alleles</li>
|
||
<li>Major Allele Frequency: investigators may more interested in major allele frequency than minor allele frequency in primer design</li>
|
||
<li>rs number: SNP rs id</li>
|
||
<li>Validation: SNP validation status. Refer to <a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=snp">dbSNP</a> for more explanation</li>
|
||
<li>Genomic Context: where a SNP is located, e.g. intron, exon </li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<br />
|
||
<p><strong>Output</strong><br />
|
||
<strong>Clean Sequence</strong><br />
|
||
SNP information will show up when mouse over a SNP.</p>
|
||
<p>For example:<br />
|
||
<img src="./files/dnaseq1-sm.gif" border="1" width="450" height="313" align="middle" alt="ldnaseq1"><br />
|
||
<small><a href="./files/dnaseq1.gif">Click for larger view</a></small></p>
|
||
<p><strong>Clean Sequence and Color CpG</strong><br />
|
||
Output is similar with "Clean sequence" except that CpG region will be colored as light blue.</p>
|
||
<p><strong>Embed Info in Sequence</strong><br />
|
||
SNP information will be embedded into DNA sequence in the format of:<br />
|
||
<strong>allele in reference sequence: possible allele type|major allele:Major Allele Frequency|rs number|Validation|Genomic context</strong></p>
|
||
<p>For example: <br />
|
||
<img src="./files/dnaseq2-sm.gif" border="1" width="450" height="83" align="middle" alt="ldnaseq2"><br />
|
||
<small><a href="./files/dnaseq2.gif">Click for larger view</a></small></p>
|
||
<p><strong>Prepare Sequence for Primer Design</strong><br />
|
||
SNP information will be embedded into DNA sequence, 6 output options will be provided for each SNP. User can based on the major allele frequency or other information for a SNP to decide whether to ignore the SNP. After select a output format for each SNP, click "clean sequence" and then DNA sequence will be ready for use with primer design software.</p>
|
||
<p>For example:<br />
|
||
<img src="./files/dnaseq3-sm.gif" border="1" width="450" height="110" align="middle" alt="ldnaseq3"><br />
|
||
<small><a href="./files/dnaseq3.gif">Click for larger view</a></small></p>
|
||
<hr />
|
||
<h3 id="snpfunc">FuncPred: Functional SNP Prediction</h3>
|
||
<p>SNPs may have functional effects including: transcriptional regulation by affecting transcription factor binding sites (TFBS) activity; premature termination of amino-acid sequence (stop codons); changing of splicing pattern or efficiency by disrupting splice site, exonic splicing enhancers (ESE) or silencers (ESS); alteration of protein structures or properties by changing single amino acids or changing the frame of the protein-coding region; regulation of protein translation by affecting microRNA (miRNA) binding sites activity. Many software tools or web servers can be used to predict TFBSs, ESE site, ESS site or miRNA binding sites. However, although SNPs may be located in such binding sites, the alternative alleles of a SNP may not necesarily have different activities. We designed several pipelines to predict SNPs that may affect biological function with alternative alleles.</p>
|
||
<h4>Include SNPs with LD> ... in population</h4>
|
||
<p>Display SNPs that are in high LD (in population selected) with SNPs in the query SNP list.</p>
|
||
<h4 id="nssnp">nsSNP</h4>
|
||
<p>SNPs in protein-coding regions that can cause amino acid change (non-synonymous coding SNPs, nsSNP).</p>
|
||
<h4 id="stopc">Stop Codon</h4>
|
||
<p>SNPs that may lead to premature termination of peptides (non-sense), which would disable the protein function.</p>
|
||
<p><strong>Polyphen prediction</strong><br />
|
||
<a href="//genetics.bwh.harvard.edu/pph/">Polyphen</a> (http://genetics.bwh.harvard.edu/pph/) (Sunyaev, Ramensky et al. 2001) method predicted damaging nsSNPs.</p>
|
||
<p><strong>SNPs3D prediction</strong><br />
|
||
<a href="//www.snps3d.org/"> SNPs3D</a> (http://www.snps3d.org/) (Yue, Melamud et al. 2006) method predicted damaging nsSNPs.</p>
|
||
<h4 id="tfbs">TFBS Prediction</h4>
|
||
<p>If a non-coding SNP is located at a transcription factor-binding site (TFBS) of a gene, then it may affect the level, location, or timing of gene expression. We predicted such SNPs according to the procedure described in Xu and Taylor (submitted). </p>
|
||
<p><strong>Refine TFBS</strong><br />
|
||
Several studies (Elnitski et al 2003,2006; King et al, 2005) show that using both the predicted conserved TFBS together with the regulatory potential score(RP Score) (downloaded from <a href="//genome.ucsc.edu">UCSC genome bioinformatics web site</a>(http://genome.ucsc.edu)) can result in more precise predictions, so we also provide this option on the web server.</p>
|
||
<h4 id="splice">Splicing regulation</h4>
|
||
<p>SNPs that are located at 2 base pair of intron-exon junction region, exonic splicing enhancer (ESE), or exonic splicing silencer (ESS) may disrupt splicing activity and cause alternative splicing. We predict SNPs whose alternative alleles may affect splicing using the methods detailed in Xu and Taylor (submitted).</p>
|
||
<h4 id="mirna">miRNA Binding Site Prediction</h4>
|
||
<p>microRNAs (miRNA) are single-stranded RNA molecules of about 21-23 nucleotides in length, which can inhibit protein translation through binding to the end of a messenger RNA (mRNAs). We predicted SNPs that may affact miRNA binding site activity according to the methods described in Xu and Taylor (submitted).</p>
|
||
<h4 id="rpscore">Regulatory Potential Score</h4>
|
||
<p>Regulatory potential score (ESPERR Regulatory Potential (7 Species)) downloaded from UCSC genome bioinformatics web site (http://genome.ucsc.edu/).
|
||
Because SNPs in coding region are tend to have higher regulatory potential scores (see Figure, lines for all SNPs in human genome, non-coding SNPs and intron SNPs are overlapped), So we use this score only for SNPs that are outside of coding region in SNP selection.</p>
|
||
<p align="center"><img src="./files/coding_reg.jpg" border="1" width="400" height="400" align="middle" alt="lcodingreg"></p>
|
||
<h4 id="conscore">Conservation Score</h4>
|
||
<p>ertebrate Multiz Alignment and Conservation score(17 Species) downloaded from UCSC genome bioinformatics web site (http://genome.ucsc.edu/).
|
||
Because SNPs in coding region are tend to have higher conservation score (see Figure, lines for all SNPs in human genome, non-coding SNPs and intron snps are overlpped), so we use this score only for SNPs that are outside of the coding region of genes in SNP selection.</p>
|
||
<p align="center"><img src="./files/coding_cons.jpg" border="1" width="400" height="400" align="middle" alt="lcodingcons"></p>
|
||
<h4>Output</h4>
|
||
<p>LDsnp: SNP that is in high LD with the SNP in the "rs" column.<br />
|
||
Pop/LD: population group/LD value between 2 SNPs mentioned above.<br />
|
||
Splicing(site): within 2 base pair of intron/exon junction region.<br />
|
||
click "Y" to display the detailed prediction information.</p>
|
||
<p align="center"><img src="./files/funcpred-sm.jpg" border="1" width="450" height="217" align="middle" alt="lfuncpred"><br />
|
||
<small><a href="./files/funcpred.jpg">Click for larger view</a></small></p>
|
||
<hr />
|
||
<h3 id="refer">References</h3>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Elnitski, L., Hardison, R.C., Li, J., Yang, S., Kolbe, D., Eswara, P., O'Connor, M.J., Schwartz, S., Miller, W. and Chiaromonte, F. (2003) Distinguishing regulatory DNA from neutral sites. Genome Research, 13, 64-72.</li>
|
||
<li>King, D.C., Taylor, J., Elnitski, L., Chiaromonte, F., Miller, W. and Hardison, R.C. (2005) Evaluation of regulatory potential and conservation scores for detecting cis-regulatory modules in aligned mammalian genome sequences. Genome Research, 15, 1051-1060.</li>
|
||
<li>Elnitski, L., Jin, V.X., Farnham, P.J. and Jones, S.J. (2006) Locating mammalian transcription factor binding sites: a survey of computational and experimental techniques. Genome Research, 16, 1455-1464.</li>
|
||
<li>Artegni, L., J. Wang, et al. (2003). "ESEfinder: A web resource to identify exonic splicing enhancers." Nucleic Acids Research 31(13): 3568-71.</li>
|
||
<li>de Bakker, P.I., Yelensky, R., Pe'er, I., Gabriel, S.B., Daly, M.J. and Altshuler, D. (2005) Efficiency and power in genetic association studies.[see comment]. Nature Genetics, 37, 1217-1223.</li>
|
||
<li>Sunyaev, S., V. Ramensky, et al. (2001). "Prediction of deleterious human alleles." Human Molecular Genetics 10(6): 591-7.</li>
|
||
<li>Yue, P., E. Melamud, et al. (2006). "SNPs3D: candidate gene and SNP selection for association studies." BMC Bioinformatics 7: 166.</li>
|
||
<li>Xu, Z., N. L. Kaplan, J.A. Taylor. (2007a). "TAGster: efficient selection of LD tag SNPs in single or multiple populations." Bioinformatics 23(23): 3254-5.</li>
|
||
<li>Xu, Z., N. L. Kaplan, J.A. Taylor. (2007b). "Tag SNP selection for candidate gene association studies using HapMap and gene resequencing data." Eur J Hum Genet 15(10):1063-70.</li>
|
||
<!-- the following were not refered explicitly-->
|
||
<li>Fairbrother, W. G., D. Holste, et al. (2004). "Single nucleotide polymorphism-based validation of exonic splicing enhancers." Plos Biology 2(9): E268.</li>
|
||
<li>Fairbrother, W. G., G. W. Yeo, et al. (2004). "RESCUE-ESE identifies candidate exonic splicing enhancers in vertebrate exons." Nucleic Acids Research 32(Web Server issue): W187-90.</li>
|
||
<li>Finn, R. D., J. Mistry, et al. (2006). "Pfam: clans, web tools and services." Nucleic Acids Research 34(Database issue): D247-51.</li>
|
||
<li>Graveley, B. R., K. J. Hertel, et al. (1998). "A systematic analysis of the factors that determine the strength of pre-mRNA splicing enhancers." EMBO Journal 17(22): 6747-56.</li>
|
||
<li>Griffiths-Jones, S., H. K. Saini, et al. (2008). "miRBase: tools for microRNA genomics." Nucleic Acids Research 36(Database issue): D154-8.</li>
|
||
<li>John, B., A. J. Enright, et al. (2004). "Human MicroRNA targets.[erratum appears in PLoS Biol. 2005 Jul;3(7):e264]." Plos Biology 2(11): e363.</li>
|
||
<li>Kel, A. E., E. Gossling, et al. (2003). "MATCH: A tool for searching transcription factor binding sites in DNA sequences." Nucleic Acids Research 31(13): 3576-9.</li>
|
||
<li>King, D. C., J. Taylor, et al. (2005). "Evaluation of regulatory potential and conservation scores for detecting cis-regulatory modules in aligned mammalian genome sequences." Genome Research 15(8): 1051-60.</li>
|
||
<li>Matys, V., O. V. Kel-Margoulis, et al. (2006). "TRANSFAC and its module TRANSCompel: transcriptional gene regulation in eukaryotes." Nucleic Acids Research 34(Database issue): D108-10.</li>
|
||
<li>Murzin, A. G., S. E. Brenner, et al. (1995). "SCOP: a structural classification of proteins database for the investigation of sequences and structures." Journal of Molecular Biology 247(4): 536-40.</li>
|
||
<li>Wang, Z., M. E. Rolish, et al. (2004). "Systematic identification and analysis of exonic splicing silencers.[see comment]." Cell 119(6): 831-45.</li>
|
||
<li>Xiao, X., Z. Wang, et al. (2007). "Coevolutionary networks of splicing cis-regulatory elements." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 104(47): 18583-8.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<hr />
|
||
<h3 id="cite">How to cite this work</h3>
|
||
<p>Zongli Xu, Jack A. Taylor (2009). SNPinfo: Integrating GWAS and Candidate Gene Information into Functional SNP Selection for Genetic Association Studies. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19417063">Nucleic Acids Research.</a></p>
|
||
<hr />
|
||
<h3 id="update">Update Information</h3>
|
||
<p>04/12/2009: HapMap genotype data for 11 populations in Phase III were added.<br />
|
||
06/03/2009: FuncPred: changed "Minor Allele Frequency" to "Allele Frequency" so the frequencies are comparable across populations.<br />
|
||
06/10/2009: FuncPred: added option to output functional prediction results for SNPs that are in high LD with query SNPs.<br />
|
||
06/12/2009: FuncPred: added option to upload query list (snp rsid, gene name or gene id) file.<br />
|
||
06/30/2009: FuncPred: incorporated detailed functional prediction information (for all SNPs with positive prediction results and no conservation filter).</p>
|
||
<hr />
|
||
<p align="center">Questions or suggestions can be addressed to <a href=contact.html><strong>webmaster </strong></a></p>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<img src="../../cgi-bin/snpinfo/idbnr.cgi?guide" alt="guide" border="0" width="0" height="0">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="download-player"></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</article>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</main>
|
||
|
||
<a id="back2top" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/databases/snpinfo#top" title="Back to Top">Back<br>to Top</a>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Footer start -->
|
||
<div class="footer-wrapper">
|
||
<footer class="footer" role="contentinfo">
|
||
<div id="footer">
|
||
<div class="footer-media">
|
||
<div class="footer-address">
|
||
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/">
|
||
<h2>National Institute of<br>Environmental Health Sciences</h2>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<!-- address end -->
|
||
<div class="icon-links">
|
||
<h3>Follow Us</h3>
|
||
<ul class="footer-icons--wrapper">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a class="facebook-link no-exit" aria-label="link to the NIEHS Facebook page" href="https://www.facebook.com/NIH.NIEHS" target="_blank"></a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a class="twitter-link no-exit" aria-label="link to the NIEHS Twitter page" href="https://twitter.com/niehs" target="_blank"></a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a class="linkedin-link no-exit" aria-label="link to the NIEHS LinkedIn page" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/national-institute-of-environmental-health-sciences-niehs-" target="_blank"></a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a class="email-link no-exit" aria-label="link to the NIEHS mailing list signup page" href="https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USNIHNIEHS/signup/32932" target="_blank"></a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a class="youtube-link no-exit" aria-label="link to the NIEHS You Tube channel" href="https://www.youtube.com/user/TheNIEHS" target="_blank"></a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a class="wifi-link" aria-label="link to the NIEHS RSS news feed page" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/newsroom/rssfeed/index.cfm"></a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="footer-link_list">
|
||
<nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-contactinformation-menu" id="block-contactinformation" class="block block-menu navigation menu--contact-information">
|
||
|
||
<h3 id="block-contactinformation-menu">Contact Information</h3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="ftr-textlinks">
|
||
|
||
<ul region="footer_a" class="menu">
|
||
<li class="menu-item">
|
||
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/od/ocpl/contact" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/64146">Contact Us</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="menu-item">
|
||
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/od/ocpl/employment" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/63506">Employment Verification</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="menu-item">
|
||
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/foia" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/63321">Freedom of Information Act</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="menu-item">
|
||
<a href="https://tools.niehs.nih.gov/staff/index.cfm">Staff Directory</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="menu-item">
|
||
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/visiting" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/63326">Visiting NIEHS</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="menu-item">
|
||
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/newsroom/newslist" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/72911">Sign Up for NIEHS Updates</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="footer-link_list">
|
||
<nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-policiesservices-menu" id="block-policiesservices" class="block block-menu navigation menu--policies-services">
|
||
|
||
<h3 id="block-policiesservices-menu">Policies & Services</h3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="ftr-textlinks">
|
||
|
||
<ul region="footer_b" class="menu">
|
||
<li class="menu-item">
|
||
<a href="https://www.hhs.gov/vulnerability-disclosure-policy/index.html" target="_blank">HHS Vulnerability Disclosure Policy<span title="This link is to a non-NIEHS Website. Links do not constitute endorsement by NIEHS of the linked Website. Visitors to the linked Website will be subject to the Website’s privacy policies. These practices may be different than those of this NIEHS Website." class="exit-w"></span></a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="menu-item">
|
||
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/od/ocpl/contact" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/64146">Request Translation Services</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="menu-item">
|
||
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/od/ocpl/policies" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/63516">Web Policies & Notices</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="menu-item">
|
||
<a href="https://archive-it.org/collections/20032" target="_blank">Website Archive<span title="This link is to a non-NIEHS Website. Links do not constitute endorsement by NIEHS of the linked Website. Visitors to the linked Website will be subject to the Website’s privacy policies. These practices may be different than those of this NIEHS Website." class="exit-w"></span></a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
<nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-niehsstaff-menu" id="block-niehsstaff" class="block block-menu navigation menu--niehs-staff staff-footer" style="display: block;">
|
||
|
||
<h3 id="block-niehsstaff-menu">NIEHS Staff</h3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="ftr-textlinks">
|
||
|
||
<ul region="footer_b" class="menu">
|
||
<li class="menu-item">
|
||
<a href="https://apps.niehs.nih.gov/webtraq/index.cfm?do=main.requestweb&webpage=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.niehs.nih.gov%2Fresearch%2Fresources%2Fdatabases%2Fsnpinfo" id="updateThisPage" target="_blank">Request an Update of This Webpage<span title="This link leaves the NIEHS Main Site." class="exit-w"></span></a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="menu-item">
|
||
<a href="https://junction.niehs.nih.gov/" target="_blank">The Junction<span title="This link leaves the NIEHS Main Site." class="exit-w"></span></a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="footer-link_list">
|
||
<nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-relatedservice-menu" id="block-relatedservice" class="block block-menu navigation menu--related-service">
|
||
|
||
<h3 id="block-relatedservice-menu">Related Sites</h3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="ftr-textlinks">
|
||
|
||
<ul region="footer_c" class="menu">
|
||
<li class="menu-item">
|
||
<a href="https://www.hhs.gov/" target="_blank">Health and Human Services<span title="This link is to a non-NIEHS Website. Links do not constitute endorsement by NIEHS of the linked Website. Visitors to the linked Website will be subject to the Website’s privacy policies. These practices may be different than those of this NIEHS Website." class="exit-w"></span></a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="menu-item">
|
||
<a href="https://www.nih.gov/" target="_blank">National Institutes of Health<span title="This link is to a non-NIEHS Website. Links do not constitute endorsement by NIEHS of the linked Website. Visitors to the linked Website will be subject to the Website’s privacy policies. These practices may be different than those of this NIEHS Website." class="exit-w"></span></a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="menu-item">
|
||
<a href="https://www.edi.nih.gov/no-fear-act" target="_blank">NO FEAR Act<span title="This link is to a non-NIEHS Website. Links do not constitute endorsement by NIEHS of the linked Website. Visitors to the linked Website will be subject to the Website’s privacy policies. These practices may be different than those of this NIEHS Website." class="exit-w"></span></a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="menu-item">
|
||
<a href="https://www.usa.gov/" target="_blank">USA.gov<span title="This link is to a non-NIEHS Website. Links do not constitute endorsement by NIEHS of the linked Website. Visitors to the linked Website will be subject to the Website’s privacy policies. These practices may be different than those of this NIEHS Website." class="exit-w"></span></a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
<nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-otherlanguages-menu" id="block-otherlanguages" class="block block-menu navigation menu--other-languages">
|
||
|
||
<h3 id="block-otherlanguages-menu">Other Languages</h3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul region="footer_c" class="menu">
|
||
<li class="menu-item">
|
||
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/enfermedades/">En Español</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Print-Footer starts -->
|
||
<div id="print-footer" class="clearfix">
|
||
This page URL:
|
||
<span id="current_url"></span><br>
|
||
NIEHS website: https://www.niehs.nih.gov/<br>
|
||
Email the Web Manager at webmanager@niehs.nih.gov
|
||
</div>
|
||
<!-- Print Footer ends -->
|
||
</footer>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Footer end -->
|
||
|
||
</div><!-- /.dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- ~~~Beginning of footer assets (DO NOT DELETE)~~~-->
|
||
|
||
<!-- ~~~End of footer assets (DO NOT DELETE)~~~-->
|
||
<script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"node\/76461","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"niehs_environments":{"env":"prod","site":"www"},"niehs_api":{"server":"https:\/\/api.niehs.nih.gov"},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"5d8a97f9b765b1f34c9769266f0c825b43899be6f4f7d5ba71e7c004ab01e524"}}</script>
|
||
<script src="/snpinfo/niehs_files/js_aZPMvT-YbytYqdH52SmtYOgRPKCybOevtDbfkYdLiAI.js.download"></script>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<script type="text/javascript" id="_fed_an_ua_tag" src="/snpinfo/niehs_files/Universal-Federated-Analytics-Min.js.download"></script>
|
||
<script type="text/javascript" id="">var gtmJwPlayerModule=function(){function k(){if(window.jwplayer)for(var b=0;window.jwplayer(b).id;)new l(window.jwplayer(b)),b++}function c(b){m&&console.log(b)}function l(b){function n(a){c("Handling complete event");d("100%")}function f(a){c("Handling error");d("Video error "+a.message)}function p(a){c("Playing video");a="Played video";2<b.getPosition()&&(c("Resuming video"),a="Resumed video");d(a)}function q(a){c("Pausing video");d("Paused video")}function r(a){c("Handling time event");a=Math.floor(100*
|
||
a.position/a.duration);var e=[10,25,50,75,90];if(-1!=e.indexOf(a)&&-1==g.indexOf(a))return g.push(a),d(a+"%")}function d(a){c("Sending event to data layer");var e=dataLayer,t=e.push;a:{c("Getting video title");try{var h=b.getPlaylistItem().title;break a}catch(u){c(u)}h="(video title unknown)"}a=t.call(e,{event:v,eventCategory:w,eventAction:a,eventLabel:h});c(a)}c("Setting up GTM JW Player object #"+b.id);var g=[];b.on("complete",n);b.on("error",f);b.on("pause",q);b.on("play",p);b.on("setupError",
|
||
f);b.on("time",r)}var v="JW Player",w="JW Player",m=!1;return{init:k}}();gtmJwPlayerModule.init();</script>
|
||
<script type="text/javascript" id="">(function(){var c,b=function(){c||(c=!0,dataLayer.push({event:"Print Intention"}))};if(window.matchMedia){var d=window.matchMedia("print");d.addListener(function(a){a.matches||b()})}window.onafterprint=b;$(document).keydown(function(a){80==a.keyCode&&(a.ctrlKey||a.metaKey)&&$.browser.opera&&b()});$(".printlink").click(function(){$.browser.opera&&b();window.print()})})();</script><script type="text/javascript" id="">var GtmLoggerService=function(){function c(){}Object.defineProperty(c.prototype,"info",{enumerable:!1,configurable:!0,writable:!0,value:function(a){this.log("log",a)}});Object.defineProperty(c.prototype,"error",{enumerable:!1,configurable:!0,writable:!0,value:function(a){this.log("error",a)}});Object.defineProperty(c.prototype,"log",{enumerable:!1,configurable:!0,writable:!0,value:function(a,b){try{if(this.canLog())console[a](b)}catch(d){}}});Object.defineProperty(c.prototype,"canLog",{enumerable:!1,
|
||
configurable:!0,writable:!0,value:function(){return window.location.host.match(/^dev\./)}});return c}(),GtmTrackedElement=function(){function c(a,b){Object.defineProperty(this,"dataAttributeConfigs",{enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0,value:void 0});Object.defineProperty(this,"dataLayerEvent",{enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0,value:void 0});Object.defineProperty(this,"htmlElement",{enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0,value:void 0});Object.defineProperty(this,"logger",{enumerable:!0,
|
||
configurable:!0,writable:!0,value:void 0});this.logger=new GtmLoggerService;this.logger.info("Tracking the following element:");this.logger.info(a);this.dataAttributeConfigs=b;this.htmlElement=a;this.dataLayerEvent=this.getDataLayerEvent();this.trackEvent()}Object.defineProperty(c.prototype,"getDataLayerEvent",{enumerable:!1,configurable:!0,writable:!0,value:function(){var a,b=this.getTrackingData(),d=null!==(a=b.category)&&void 0!==a?a:this.dataAttributeConfigs.eventCategory;return{event:"DataAttributeService",
|
||
eventCategory:d,eventAction:this.getUserFriendlyAction(b.action)+" - "+b.name,eventLabel:window.location.href}}});Object.defineProperty(c.prototype,"getTrackingData",{enumerable:!1,configurable:!0,writable:!0,value:function(){try{var a=this.dataAttributeConfigs.dataAttribute.replace("data-",""),b=this.htmlElement.dataset[a];b=b.replace(/'/g,'"');var d=JSON.parse(b)}catch(e){throw Error(e.message);}if(!d.name)throw Error("DataAttributeService: Missing 'name' field.");if(!d.action)throw Error("DataAttributeService: Missing 'action' field.");
|
||
return d}});Object.defineProperty(c.prototype,"getUserFriendlyAction",{enumerable:!1,configurable:!0,writable:!0,value:function(a){switch(a){case "mouseenter":case "mouseover":a="hover"}return a.charAt(0).toUpperCase()+a.slice(1)}});Object.defineProperty(c.prototype,"sendEventToDataLayer",{enumerable:!1,configurable:!0,writable:!0,value:function(){this.logger.info("Sending event to data layer.");try{var a=dataLayer.push(this.dataLayerEvent);a?this.logger.info("Failed to send event to data layer."):
|
||
this.logger.info("Successfully sent event to data layer.")}catch(b){this.logger.info("Failed to send event to data layer. Error message:"),this.logger.error(b.message)}}});Object.defineProperty(c.prototype,"trackEvent",{enumerable:!1,configurable:!0,writable:!0,value:function(){var a=this,b=this.getTrackingData();this.logger.info("Adding event listener.");this.htmlElement.addEventListener(b.action.toLowerCase(),function(d){a.sendEventToDataLayer()})}});return c}(),GtmDataAttributeService=function(){function c(){}
|
||
Object.defineProperty(c.prototype,"trackElements",{enumerable:!1,configurable:!0,writable:!0,value:function(a){a.forEach(function(b){document.querySelectorAll("["+b.dataAttribute+"]").forEach(function(d){try{new GtmTrackedElement(d,b)}catch(e){console.error(e)}})})}});return c}(),gtmDataAttributeService=new GtmDataAttributeService;gtmDataAttributeService.trackElements([{dataAttribute:"data-trackme",eventCategory:"TrackMe"}]);</script>
|
||
</body></html>
|