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<meta name="description" content="Pathogenic variants in six aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (ARS) genes are implicated in neurological disorders, most notably inherited peripheral neuropathies. ARSs are enzymes that charge tRNA molecules with cognate amino acids. Pathogenic variants in asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase (&lt;i&gt;NARS1&lt;/i&gt;) cause a n …"><meta name="keywords" content="pmid:38495304, PMC10943570, doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcae070, Danique Beijer, Sheila Marte, Jonathan Baets, PubMed Abstract, NIH, NLM, NCBI, National Institutes of Health, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, MEDLINE"><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive"><meta property="og:title" content="Dominant NARS1 mutations causing axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease expand NARS1-associated diseases - PubMed"><meta property="og:url" content="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38495304/"><meta property="og:description" content="Pathogenic variants in six aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (ARS) genes are implicated in neurological disorders, most notably inherited peripheral neuropathies. ARSs are enzymes that charge tRNA molecules with cognate amino acids. Pathogenic variants in asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase (&lt;i&gt;NARS1&lt;/i&gt;) cause a n …"><meta property="og:image" content="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/persistent/pubmed-meta-image-v2.jpg"><meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/persistent/pubmed-meta-image-v2.jpg"><meta property="og:type" content="website"><meta property="og:site_name" content="PubMed"><meta name="twitter:domain" content="pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><meta name="twitter:title" content="Dominant NARS1 mutations causing axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease expand NARS1-associated diseases - PubMed"><meta name="twitter:url" content="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38495304/"><meta name="twitter:description" content="Pathogenic variants in six aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (ARS) genes are implicated in neurological disorders, most notably inherited peripheral neuropathies. ARSs are enzymes that charge tRNA molecules with cognate amino acids. Pathogenic variants in asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase (&lt;i&gt;NARS1&lt;/i&gt;) cause a n …"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/persistent/pubmed-meta-image-v2.jpg">
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<input type="email" aria-label="Sender Email Address" placeholder="email@example.com" id="email-from" class="email-from" pattern="^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$" maxlength="256">
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label for="email-citation-format" class="action-panel-label">
Format:
</label>
<select id="email-citation-format" name="citation-format" class="action-panel-selector email-citation-format">
<option selected="selected" value="summary">Summary</option>
<option value="summary-text">Summary (text)</option>
<option value="abstract">Abstract</option>
<option value="abstract-text">Abstract (text)</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="include-supplemental-container">
<input type="checkbox" aria-label="Include MeSH and other data" name="include-supplemental" id="email-include-supplemental" class="email-include-supplemental">
<label for="email-include-supplemental" class="email-include-supplemental-label">MeSH and other data</label>
</div>
<div class="form-field recaptcha ">
<div class="g-recaptcha" id="id-recaptcha" data-sitekey="6LfsWHMdAAAAAClKbtOpjQ2pMjgsGxvv7NdZW9uI"></div>
</div>
<div id="captcha-error-message" class="usa-input-error-message captcha-validation-message" role="alert"></div>
<div class="action-panel-actions">
<button class="action-panel-submit"
type="submit"
data-loading-label="Sending..."
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="email"
data-ga-label="send">
Send email
</button>
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
aria-label="Close 'Email citations' panel"
ref="linksrc=close_email_panel"
aria-controls="email-action-panel"
aria-expanded="false"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="email"
data-ga-label="cancel">
Cancel
</button>
</div>
<input type="hidden" name="email-search-details" value="" />
<input type="hidden" name="email-search-details-hash" value="0e42663a6c3bd85498fcb88798998fed7bfdc45d457db35281e41afe13cc0524" />
</form>
</div>
</div>
<div id="collections-action-panel"
class="collections-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel"
aria-hidden="true"
data-collections-open-panel-enabled="false"
data-collections-open-panel-url-hash="#open-collections-panel">
<div class="inner-wrap">
<h3 class="action-panel-heading">
Add to Collections
</h3>
<form id="collections-action-panel-form"
class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/"
data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/"
data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/"
data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/"
data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100"
data-add-to-collection-max-amount="1000"
data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/">
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="kx6iVD7qYbCSWtU5AlDGJzHphv4Kr0TIBkQnytAMyMpmQU0VdEgIdHd3PzMWkBr2">
<div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup">
<ul class="radio-group-items">
<li>
<input type="radio"
id="collections-action-panel-new"
class="collections-new"
name="collections"
value="new"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="collections"
data-ga-label="collections_radio_new">
<label for="collections-action-panel-new">Create a new collection</label>
</li>
<li>
<input type="radio"
id="collections-action-panel-existing"
class="collections-existing"
name="collections"
value="existing"
checked="true"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="collections"
data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing">
<label for="collections-action-panel-existing">Add to an existing collection</label>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="controls-wrapper">
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls">
<label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
Name your collection:
</label>
<input
type="text"
name="add-to-new-collection"
id="collections-action-panel-add-to-new"
class="collections-action-add-to-new"
pattern="[^&quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: &quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;/"
maxlength="100"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="create_collection"
data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection">
<div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
Name must be less than 100 characters
</div>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls">
<label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label">
Choose a collection:
</label>
<select id="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing"
class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="select_collection"
data-ga-label="($('#collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'">
</select>
<div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
Unable to load your collection due to an error<br>
<a href="#">Please try again</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-actions">
<button class="action-panel-submit"
type="submit"
data-loading-label="Adding..."
data-pinger-ignore
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="collections"
data-ga-label="add">
Add
</button>
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel"
ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel"
aria-controls="collections-action-panel"
aria-expanded="false"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="collections"
data-ga-label="cancel">
Cancel
</button>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
<div id="bibliography-action-panel"
class="bibliography-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel"
aria-hidden="true"
data-bibliography-open-panel-enabled="false"
data-bibliography-open-panel-url-hash="#open-bibliography-panel">
<div class="inner-wrap">
<h3 class="action-panel-heading">
Add to My Bibliography
</h3>
<form id="bibliography-action-panel-form"
class="bibliography-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
data-add-to-bibliography-max-amount="100"
data-add-to-bibliography-batch-size="10"
data-bibliography-delegates-url="/list-bibliography-delegates/"
data-add-to-bibliography-url="/add-to-bibliography/"
data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/"
data-mybib-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/mybibliography/">
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="kx6iVD7qYbCSWtU5AlDGJzHphv4Kr0TIBkQnytAMyMpmQU0VdEgIdHd3PzMWkBr2">
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap bibliographies-controls">
<div class="choice-group">
<ul class="bibliographies-action-add radio-group-items">
<li>
<input name="bibliography" id="my-bibliography" class="my-bibliography" type="radio" checked/>
<label for="my-bibliography">My Bibliography</label>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="bibliographies-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
Unable to load your delegates due to an error<br>
<a href="#">Please try again</a>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-actions">
<button class="action-panel-submit"
type="submit"
data-loading-label="Adding..."
data-pinger-ignore>
Add
</button>
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
aria-label="Close 'Add to bibliography' panel"
ref="linksrc=close_bibliography_panel"
aria-controls="bibliography-action-panel"
aria-expanded="false"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="mybib"
data-ga-label="cancel">
Cancel
</button>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
<div id="saved-search-action-panel" class="saved-search-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true"
data-saved-search-open-panel-enabled="false"
data-saved-search-open-panel-url-hash="#open-saved-search-panel">
<div class="inner-wrap">
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
Your saved search
</h2>
<form id="saved-search-action-panel-form"
class="saved-search-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form"
data-create-saved-search-url="/create-saved-search/"
data-try-search-terms-url="/try-search-term/"
data-saved-search-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/searches/">
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="kx6iVD7qYbCSWtU5AlDGJzHphv4Kr0TIBkQnytAMyMpmQU0VdEgIdHd3PzMWkBr2">
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label for="saved-search-name" class="action-panel-label saved-search-name-label required-field-asterisk">
Name of saved search:
</label>
<input maxlength="200"
type="text"
name="saved-search-name"
id="saved-search-name"
class="saved-search-name"
value=""
required
pattern="[^&quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: &quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;/">
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label for="saved-search-term" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
Search terms:
</label>
<textarea name="saved-search-term" id="saved-search-term" class="saved-search-term" required></textarea>
</div>
<div class="test-search-term-wrap">
<a href="#" class="try-search-term">Test search terms</a>
</div>
<div class="choice-group action-panel-extra-margin-top">
<span class="action-panel-label" id="fieldset-label">
Would you like email updates of new search results?
</span>
<fieldset id="saved-search-alert" aria-describedby="fieldset-label">
<legend class="usa-sr-only">Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons</legend>
<ul class="radio-group-items">
<li>
<input type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-yes" class="saved-search-alert-yes" name="saved-search-alert" value="yes" checked>
<label for="saved-search-alert-yes" class="action-panel-label">Yes</label>
</li>
<li>
<input aria-label="No radio input" type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-no" class="saved-search-alert-no" name="saved-search-alert" value="no">
<label for="saved-search-alert-no" class="action-panel-label">No</label>
</li>
</ul>
</fieldset>
</div>
<div class="alert-schedule-wrap">
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label class="action-panel-label">
Email:
</label>
<span aria-label="Email address" id="saved-search-email" class="action-panel-label"><span class="action-panel-label-bold"></span> (<a class="myncbi-account-settings" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/">change</a>)</span>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top">
<label for="saved-search-frequency" class="action-panel-label">
Frequency:
</label>
<select id="saved-search-frequency" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-frequency">
<option value="monthly">Monthly</option>
<option value="weekly">Weekly</option>
<option value="daily">Daily</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-monthly-additional">
<label for="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="action-panel-label">
Which day?
</label>
<select id="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector">
<option value="Sunday">The first Sunday</option>
<option value="Monday">The first Monday</option>
<option value="Tuesday">The first Tuesday</option>
<option value="Wednesday">The first Wednesday</option>
<option value="Thursday">The first Thursday</option>
<option value="Friday">The first Friday</option>
<option value="Saturday">The first Saturday</option>
<option value="day">The first day</option>
<option value="weekday">The first weekday</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-weekly-additional">
<label for="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="action-panel-label">
Which day?
</label>
<select id="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-weekly-on-day">
<option value="Sunday">Sunday</option>
<option value="Monday">Monday</option>
<option value="Tuesday">Tuesday</option>
<option value="Wednesday">Wednesday</option>
<option value="Thursday">Thursday</option>
<option value="Friday">Friday</option>
<option value="Saturday">Saturday</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label for="saved-search-report" class="action-panel-label">
Report format:
</label>
<select id="saved-search-report" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-report">
<option value="DocSum">Summary</option>
<option value="DocSumText">Summary (text)</option>
<option value="Abstract">Abstract</option>
<option value="AbstractText">Abstract (text)</option>
<option value="MEDLINE">PubMed</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label for="saved-search-amount" class="action-panel-label">
Send at most:
</label>
<select id="saved-search-amount" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-amount">
<option value="1">1 item</option>
<option value="5" selected>5 items</option>
<option value="10">10 items</option>
<option value="20">20 items</option>
<option value="50">50 items</option>
<option value="100">100 items</option>
<option value="200">200 items</option>
</select>
</div>
<div>
<input type="checkbox" id="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="saved-search-send-if-no-result" name="saved-search-send-if-no-result">
<label for="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="action-panel-label smaller-checkbox">
Send even when there aren't any new results
</label>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap option-text-in-email-wrap">
<label for="saved-search-email-text" class="action-panel-label">
Optional text in email:
</label>
<textarea name="saved-search-email-text"
id="saved-search-email-text"
class="saved-search-email-text"></textarea>
</div>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-actions">
<button class="action-panel-submit"
type="submit"
data-loading-label="Saving..."
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="alert"
data-ga-label="save">
Save
</button>
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
aria-label="Close 'Your saved search' panel"
ref="linksrc=close_saved_search_panel"
aria-controls="saved-search-action-panel"
aria-expanded="false"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="alert"
data-ga-label="cancel">
Cancel
</button>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
<div id="citation-manager-action-panel" class="citation-manager-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="inner-wrap">
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
Create a file for external citation management software
</h2>
<form id="citation-manager-action-panel-form"
class="action-panel-content action-form"
action="/results-export-ids/"
data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/"
data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/"
method="post"
data-by-search-method="post"
data-by-ids-method="post">
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="kx6iVD7qYbCSWtU5AlDGJzHphv4Kr0TIBkQnytAMyMpmQU0VdEgIdHd3PzMWkBr2">
<input name="results-format" type="hidden" value="pubmed"/>
<div class="action-panel-actions">
<button class="action-panel-submit"
type="submit"
data-loading-label="Sending..."
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="citation_manager"
data-ga-label="save">
Create file
</button>
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
aria-label="Close 'Send citations to citation manager' panel"
ref="linksrc=close_citation_manager_panel"
aria-controls="citation-manager-action-panel"
aria-expanded="false"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="citation_manager"
data-ga-label="cancel">
Cancel
</button>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
<div id="rss-action-panel" class="rss-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true">
<div class="inner-wrap">
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
Your RSS Feed
</h2>
<form id="rss-action-panel-form"
class="rss-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form"
data-create-rss-feed-url="/create-rss-feed-url/"
data-search-form-term-value="">
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="kx6iVD7qYbCSWtU5AlDGJzHphv4Kr0TIBkQnytAMyMpmQU0VdEgIdHd3PzMWkBr2">
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label for="rss-name" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
Name of RSS Feed:
</label>
<input maxlength="200"
placeholder="Name"
type="text"
name="rss-name"
id="rss-name"
class="rss-name"
value=''
required
pattern="[^&quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: &quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;/">
</div>
<div class="rss-limit-wrap">
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top">
<label for="rss-limit" class="action-panel-label">
Number of items displayed:
</label>
<select id="rss-limit" class="no-border-panel-selector rss-limit">
<option value="5">5</option>
<option value="10">10</option>
<option value="15" selected="selected">15</option>
<option value="20">20</option>
<option value="50">50</option>
<option value="100">100</option>
</select>
</div>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-actions">
<button class="action-panel-submit"
type="submit"
data-loading-label="Creating..."
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="alert"
data-ga-label="save">
Create RSS
</button>
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
aria-label="Close 'Your RSS' panel"
ref="linksrc=close_rss_panel"
aria-controls="rss-action-panel"
aria-expanded="false"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="alert"
data-ga-label="cancel">
Cancel
</button>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap rss-link-copy-wrap">
<label for="rss-link" class="usa-sr-only">RSS Link</label>
<input placeholder="Your RSS Feed Link" type="text" name="rss-link" id="rss-link" class="rss-link" title="RSS Link">
<button
type="button"
disabled
class="rss-link-copy-button disabled"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="rss"
data-ga-label="copy">
Copy
</button>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="article-page" id="article-page" data-article-pmid="38495304">
<aside class="page-sidebar">
<div class="inner-wrap">
<div class="full-text-links">
<div class="full-view">
<h3 class="title">
Full text links
</h3>
<div class="full-text-links-list">
<a class="link-item
pmc
dialog-focus"
href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/38495304/"
target="_blank"
rel="noopener"
ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&amp;is_pmc=True&amp;PrId=3494&amp;itool=Abstract-def&amp;log$=linkouticon&amp;uid=38495304&amp;db=pubmed&amp;nlmid=101755125"
title="Free full text at PubMed Central"
data-ga-category="full_text"
data-ga-action="PMC"
data-ga-label="38495304"
><span class="text">
Free PMC article
</span></a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="short-view">
<a href="#" class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger">
Full text links
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="actions-buttons sidebar"><h3 class="title">Actions</h3><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger"
aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="cite"
data-ga-label="open"
data-all-citations-url="/38495304/citations/"
data-citation-style="nlm"
data-pubmed-format-link="/38495304/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><link type="text/css" href="ncbi-overlay-block/src/overlay-block.css"><div class="collections-button-container" data-article-id="38495304" data-article-db="pubmed"><button class="collections-button collections-dialog-trigger"
aria-label="Save article in MyNCBI collections."
data-ga-category="collections_button"
data-ga-action="click"
data-ga-label="collections_button"
data-collections-open-dialog-enabled="false"
data-collections-open-dialog-url="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F38495304%2F%23open-collections-dialog"
data-in-collections="false"><span class="button-label">Collections</span></button><div class="overlay" role="dialog"><div id="collections-action-dialog"
class="dialog collections-dialog"
aria-hidden="true"><div class="title">Add to Collections</div><div class="collections-action-panel action-panel"><form id="collections-action-dialog-form"
class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/"
data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/"
data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/"
data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100"
data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/"><input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="kx6iVD7qYbCSWtU5AlDGJzHphv4Kr0TIBkQnytAMyMpmQU0VdEgIdHd3PzMWkBr2"><div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup"><ul class="radio-group-items"><li><input type="radio"
id="collections-action-dialog-new"
class="collections-new"
name="collections"
value="new"
data-ga-category="collections_button"
data-ga-action="click"
data-ga-label="collections_radio_new"><label for="collections-action-dialog-new">Create a new collection</label></li><li><input type="radio"
id="collections-action-dialog-existing"
class="collections-existing"
name="collections"
value="existing"
checked="true"
data-ga-category="collections_button"
data-ga-action="click"
data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing"><label for="collections-action-dialog-existing">Add to an existing collection</label></li></ul></div><div class="controls-wrapper"><div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
Name your collection:
</label><input
type="text"
name="add-to-new-collection"
id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new"
class="collections-action-add-to-new"
pattern="[^&quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: &quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;/"
maxlength="100"
data-ga-category="collections_button"
data-ga-action="create_collection"
data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"><div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
Name must be less than 100 characters
</div></div><div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label">
Choose a collection:
</label><select id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing"
class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing"
data-ga-category="collections_button"
data-ga-action="select_collection"
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<h1 class="heading-title">
Dominant <i>NARS1</i> mutations causing axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease expand <i>NARS1</i>-associated diseases
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</a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, B-2610, Belgium." href="#full-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
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</a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department for Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
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><sup class="key">9</sup> Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, B-2650, Belgium.</li>
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><sup class="key">10</sup> Department of Neurosciences and Behavior Sciences, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 14051-140, Brazil.</li>
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Dominant <i>NARS1</i> mutations causing axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease expand <i>NARS1</i>-associated diseases
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<span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
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data-ga-label="Danique Beijer">Danique Beijer</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, B-2610, Belgium." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
1
</a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, B-2610, Belgium." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
2
</a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department for Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
3
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
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data-ga-label="Sheila Marte">Sheila Marte</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-4" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
4
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
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data-ga-label="Jiaxin C Li">Jiaxin C Li</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-5" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
5
</a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Genetics Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-6" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
6
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
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1
</a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, B-2610, Belgium." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
2
</a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Neuromuscular Reference Centre, Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijk, B-2610, Belgium." href="#short-view-affiliation-7" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
7
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
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8
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
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</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
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5
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
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1
</a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, B-2650, Belgium." href="#short-view-affiliation-9" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
9
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
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8
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
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10
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
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1
</a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, B-2610, Belgium." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
2
</a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Neuromuscular Reference Centre, Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijk, B-2610, Belgium." href="#short-view-affiliation-7" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
7
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
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data-ga-label="Samia L Pratt">Samia L Pratt</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-5" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
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</a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Neuroscience Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-11" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
11
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
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5
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
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3
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
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4
</a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-12" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
12
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
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data-ga-label="Robert W Burgess">Robert W Burgess</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-5" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
5
</a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Genetics Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-6" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
6
</a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Neuroscience Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-11" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
11
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
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1
</a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, B-2610, Belgium." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
2
</a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Neuromuscular Reference Centre, Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijk, B-2610, Belgium." href="#short-view-affiliation-7" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
7
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><sup class="key">1</sup> Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, B-2610, Belgium.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-2"
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><sup class="key">2</sup> Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, B-2610, Belgium.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-3"
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><sup class="key">3</sup> Department for Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-4"
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><sup class="key">4</sup> Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-5"
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><sup class="key">5</sup> The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-6"
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><sup class="key">6</sup> Genetics Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-7"
id="short-view-affiliation-7"
><sup class="key">7</sup> Neuromuscular Reference Centre, Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijk, B-2610, Belgium.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-8"
id="short-view-affiliation-8"
><sup class="key">8</sup> Department of Neurology, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC 3084, Australia.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-9"
id="short-view-affiliation-9"
><sup class="key">9</sup> Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, B-2650, Belgium.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-10"
id="short-view-affiliation-10"
><sup class="key">10</sup> Department of Neurosciences and Behavior Sciences, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 14051-140, Brazil.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-11"
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><sup class="key">11</sup> Neuroscience Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-12"
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><sup class="key">12</sup> Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.</li>
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Pathogenic variants in six aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (ARS) genes are implicated in neurological disorders, most notably inherited peripheral neuropathies. ARSs are enzymes that charge tRNA molecules with cognate amino acids. Pathogenic variants in asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase (<i>NARS1</i>) cause a neurological phenotype combining developmental delay, ataxia and demyelinating peripheral neuropathy. <i>NARS1</i> has not yet been linked to axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Exome sequencing of patients with inherited peripheral neuropathies revealed three previously unreported heterozygous <i>NARS1</i> variants in three families. Clinical and electrophysiological details were assessed. We further characterized all three variants in a yeast complementation model and used a knock-in mouse model to study variant p.Ser461Phe. All three variants (p.Met236del, p.Cys342Tyr and p.Ser461Phe) co-segregate with the sensorimotor axonal neuropathy phenotype. Yeast complementation assays show that none of the three NARS1 variants support wild-type yeast growth when tested in isolation (i.e. in the absence of a wild-type copy of NARS1), consistent with a loss-of-function effect. Similarly, the homozygous knock-in mouse model (p.Ser461Phe/Ser472Phe in mouse) also demonstrated loss-of-function characteristics. We present three previously unreported <i>NARS1</i> variants segregating with a sensorimotor neuropathy phenotype in three families. Functional studies in yeast and mouse support variant pathogenicity. Thus, <i>NARS1</i> is the seventh ARS implicated in dominant axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, further stressing that all dimeric ARSs should be evaluated for Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.
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Keywords:
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CharcotMarieTooth disease; NARS1; aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases; asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase; axonal sensorimotor neuropathy.
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><b> Families carrying NARS1 variants and variant protein modelling. (AC) pedigrees of families with… </b></div>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><b>Families carrying NARS1 variants and variant protein modelling. (AC) pedigrees of families with <i>NARS1</i> (NM_004539.4) variants showing co-segregation of the respective variant with the disease phenotype, with affected individuals (filled), unaffected individuals (unfilled) and hearsay affected individuals without clinical investigation (intermediate).</b> (<b>A</b>) Family 1: c.1382C&gt;T: (p.Ser461Phe); (<b>B</b>) family 2: c.1025G&gt;A: (p.Cys342Tyr); (<b>C</b>) family 3: c.708_710delGAT: (p.Met236del). (<b>D</b>) 3D protein model of NARS1 (PDB 5xix) with the identified variants indicated (red) and the beta-sheet structure indicated in green.</div>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><b>Yeast complementation of NARS1 variants.</b> Yeast cells lacking endogenous <i>DED81</i> (the yeast ortholog of <i>NARS1</i>) were transformed with vectors containing wild-type (WT) or mutant (p.Met236del, p.Cys342Tyr or p.Ser461Phe) <i>NARS1</i>, or with a vector with no <i>NARS1</i> insert (Empty). Resulting cultures were diluted, plated on 5-FOA (0.1% 5-fluoroorotic acid) solid growth medium and grown at 30°C for 3 days (left panel) or 5 days (right panel). Two independent transformations were performed, and at least two colonies per transformation were test.</div>
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