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||
|
||
|
||
</form>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="article-page-header">
|
||
<div id="article-top-actions-bar" class="article-top-actions-bar">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<div class="actions-container">
|
||
<div class="return-to-search">
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="multiple-results-actions " role="region" aria-label="save, email, send to">
|
||
<button id="save-results-panel-trigger"
|
||
type="button"
|
||
class="save-results save-results-panel-trigger"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
aria-controls="save-action-panel"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="save"
|
||
data-ga-label="open">
|
||
Save
|
||
</button><button id="email-results-panel-trigger"
|
||
type="button"
|
||
class="email-results email-results-panel-trigger"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
aria-controls="email-action-panel"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="email"
|
||
data-ga-label="open">
|
||
Email
|
||
</button><div class="more-actions dropdown-block"><button id="more-actions-trigger"
|
||
type="button"
|
||
class="trigger more-actions-trigger"
|
||
ref="linksrc=show_moreactions_btn"
|
||
aria-label="Send to"
|
||
aria-controls="more-actions-dropdown">Send to</button><div id="more-actions-dropdown" class="dropdown dropdown-container" hidden><div class="content"><ul class="more-actions-links"><li><a class="clipboard-panel-trigger dropdown-block-link "
|
||
href="#"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="clipboard"
|
||
data-ga-label="send">
|
||
Clipboard
|
||
</a></li><li><a role="button" class="dropdown-block-link bibliography-trigger-target" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F38162583%2F%23open-bibliography-panel">My Bibliography</a></li><li><a role="button" class="dropdown-block-link collections-trigger-target" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F38162583%2F%23open-collections-panel">Collections</a></li><li><a role="button" class="citation-manager-panel-trigger dropdown-block-link citation-manager-trigger-target" href="#">Citation manager</a></li></ul></div></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="display-options" data-format-key="format"
|
||
data-default-format-value="abstract"
|
||
data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region">
|
||
<button
|
||
class="trigger usa-button"
|
||
title="Change format"
|
||
data-ga-category="display_options"
|
||
data-ga-action="display_options_dialog">
|
||
<span class="button-label">Display options</span>
|
||
</button>
|
||
|
||
<div class="dropdown" hidden>
|
||
<div class="title">
|
||
Display options
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
|
||
<div class="format-container">
|
||
<span class="option-label">
|
||
Format
|
||
</span>
|
||
<select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="article-display-format">
|
||
<option value="abstract">Abstract</option>
|
||
|
||
<option value="pubmed">PubMed</option>
|
||
|
||
<option value="pmid">PMID</option>
|
||
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="f8A5HOpOoheJqRYBV7cPkXbxoML00VWawVkakESaYS1dki4ryqPRO5HbWQtcTwuu">
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="article-panels-container" class="article-panels-container">
|
||
<div id="save-action-panel" class="save-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Save citation to file
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<form id="save-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
action="/results-export-ids/"
|
||
data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/"
|
||
data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/"
|
||
method="post"
|
||
data-by-search-method="post"
|
||
data-by-ids-method="post">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="f8A5HOpOoheJqRYBV7cPkXbxoML00VWawVkakESaYS1dki4ryqPRO5HbWQtcTwuu">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="save-action-format" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Format:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="save-action-format" name="results-format" class="action-panel-selector">
|
||
<option value="summary-text">Summary (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="pubmed-text">PubMed</option>
|
||
<option value="pmid">PMID</option>
|
||
<option value="abstract">Abstract (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="csv">CSV</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Saving..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="save"
|
||
data-ga-label="save">
|
||
Create file
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Save citations to file' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_save_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="save-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="save"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="email-action-panel"
|
||
class="email-action-panel action-panel"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"
|
||
data-recaptcha-script-url="https://www.recaptcha.net/recaptcha/enterprise.js?render=explicit&onload=onloadCaptchaCallback"
|
||
data-recaptcha-enabled="true">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Email citation
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<form id="email-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
action="/send-email/"
|
||
data-by-search-action="/results-export-email-by-search-data/"
|
||
data-by-ids-action="/send-email/"
|
||
data-by-search-method="post"
|
||
data-by-ids-method="post"
|
||
method="post"
|
||
>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="f8A5HOpOoheJqRYBV7cPkXbxoML00VWawVkakESaYS1dki4ryqPRO5HbWQtcTwuu">
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<span class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Subject:
|
||
</span>
|
||
<span class="email-subject" id="email-subject" aria-label="Email subject">1 selected item: 38162583 - PubMed</span>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="email-subject" value="1 selected item: 38162583"/>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="email-subject-hash" value="640405bf14eb8f87e3f8d17d646a2eae417f6e40575c2d9e105d803b9dc71b66"/>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="email-to" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
To:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input type="email" aria-label="Recipient Email Address" placeholder="email@example.com" id="email-to" class="email-to" pattern="^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$" maxlength="100" required>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="email-from" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
From:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input type="email" aria-label="Sender Email Address" placeholder="email@example.com" id="email-from" class="email-from" pattern="^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$" maxlength="256">
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="email-citation-format" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Format:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="email-citation-format" name="citation-format" class="action-panel-selector email-citation-format">
|
||
<option selected="selected" value="summary">Summary</option>
|
||
<option value="summary-text">Summary (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="abstract">Abstract</option>
|
||
<option value="abstract-text">Abstract (text)</option>
|
||
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="include-supplemental-container">
|
||
<input type="checkbox" aria-label="Include MeSH and other data" name="include-supplemental" id="email-include-supplemental" class="email-include-supplemental">
|
||
<label for="email-include-supplemental" class="email-include-supplemental-label">MeSH and other data</label>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="form-field recaptcha ">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="g-recaptcha" id="id-recaptcha" data-sitekey="6LfsWHMdAAAAAClKbtOpjQ2pMjgsGxvv7NdZW9uI"></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="captcha-error-message" class="usa-input-error-message captcha-validation-message" role="alert"></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Sending..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="email"
|
||
data-ga-label="send">
|
||
Send email
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Email citations' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_email_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="email-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="email"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="email-search-details" value="" />
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="email-search-details-hash" value="0e42663a6c3bd85498fcb88798998fed7bfdc45d457db35281e41afe13cc0524" />
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="collections-action-panel"
|
||
class="collections-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"
|
||
data-collections-open-panel-enabled="false"
|
||
data-collections-open-panel-url-hash="#open-collections-panel">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h3 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Add to Collections
|
||
</h3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<form id="collections-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
|
||
data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/"
|
||
data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/"
|
||
data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/"
|
||
data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/"
|
||
data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100"
|
||
data-add-to-collection-max-amount="1000"
|
||
data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="f8A5HOpOoheJqRYBV7cPkXbxoML00VWawVkakESaYS1dki4ryqPRO5HbWQtcTwuu">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup">
|
||
<ul class="radio-group-items">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input type="radio"
|
||
id="collections-action-panel-new"
|
||
class="collections-new"
|
||
name="collections"
|
||
value="new"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="collections"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_radio_new">
|
||
<label for="collections-action-panel-new">Create a new collection</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input type="radio"
|
||
id="collections-action-panel-existing"
|
||
class="collections-existing"
|
||
name="collections"
|
||
value="existing"
|
||
checked="true"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="collections"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing">
|
||
<label for="collections-action-panel-existing">Add to an existing collection</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="controls-wrapper">
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls">
|
||
<label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Name your collection:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input
|
||
type="text"
|
||
name="add-to-new-collection"
|
||
id="collections-action-panel-add-to-new"
|
||
class="collections-action-add-to-new"
|
||
pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"
|
||
maxlength="100"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="create_collection"
|
||
data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection">
|
||
<div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Name must be less than 100 characters
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls">
|
||
<label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Choose a collection:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing"
|
||
class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="select_collection"
|
||
data-ga-label="($('#collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'">
|
||
</select>
|
||
<div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Unable to load your collection due to an error<br>
|
||
<a href="#">Please try again</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Adding..."
|
||
data-pinger-ignore
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="collections"
|
||
data-ga-label="add">
|
||
Add
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="collections-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="collections"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="bibliography-action-panel"
|
||
class="bibliography-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"
|
||
data-bibliography-open-panel-enabled="false"
|
||
data-bibliography-open-panel-url-hash="#open-bibliography-panel">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h3 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Add to My Bibliography
|
||
</h3>
|
||
<form id="bibliography-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="bibliography-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
|
||
data-add-to-bibliography-max-amount="100"
|
||
data-add-to-bibliography-batch-size="10"
|
||
data-bibliography-delegates-url="/list-bibliography-delegates/"
|
||
data-add-to-bibliography-url="/add-to-bibliography/"
|
||
data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/"
|
||
data-mybib-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/mybibliography/">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="f8A5HOpOoheJqRYBV7cPkXbxoML00VWawVkakESaYS1dki4ryqPRO5HbWQtcTwuu">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap bibliographies-controls">
|
||
<div class="choice-group">
|
||
<ul class="bibliographies-action-add radio-group-items">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input name="bibliography" id="my-bibliography" class="my-bibliography" type="radio" checked/>
|
||
<label for="my-bibliography">My Bibliography</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="bibliographies-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Unable to load your delegates due to an error<br>
|
||
<a href="#">Please try again</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Adding..."
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Add
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Add to bibliography' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_bibliography_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="bibliography-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="mybib"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="saved-search-action-panel" class="saved-search-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true"
|
||
data-saved-search-open-panel-enabled="false"
|
||
data-saved-search-open-panel-url-hash="#open-saved-search-panel">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Your saved search
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
<form id="saved-search-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="saved-search-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
data-create-saved-search-url="/create-saved-search/"
|
||
data-try-search-terms-url="/try-search-term/"
|
||
data-saved-search-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/searches/">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="f8A5HOpOoheJqRYBV7cPkXbxoML00VWawVkakESaYS1dki4ryqPRO5HbWQtcTwuu">
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-name" class="action-panel-label saved-search-name-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Name of saved search:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input maxlength="200"
|
||
type="text"
|
||
name="saved-search-name"
|
||
id="saved-search-name"
|
||
class="saved-search-name"
|
||
value=""
|
||
required
|
||
pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/">
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-term" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Search terms:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<textarea name="saved-search-term" id="saved-search-term" class="saved-search-term" required></textarea>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="test-search-term-wrap">
|
||
<a href="#" class="try-search-term">Test search terms</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="choice-group action-panel-extra-margin-top">
|
||
<span class="action-panel-label" id="fieldset-label">
|
||
Would you like email updates of new search results?
|
||
</span>
|
||
<fieldset id="saved-search-alert" aria-describedby="fieldset-label">
|
||
<legend class="usa-sr-only">Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons</legend>
|
||
<ul class="radio-group-items">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-yes" class="saved-search-alert-yes" name="saved-search-alert" value="yes" checked>
|
||
<label for="saved-search-alert-yes" class="action-panel-label">Yes</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input aria-label="No radio input" type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-no" class="saved-search-alert-no" name="saved-search-alert" value="no">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-alert-no" class="action-panel-label">No</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</fieldset>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="alert-schedule-wrap">
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Email:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<span aria-label="Email address" id="saved-search-email" class="action-panel-label"><span class="action-panel-label-bold"></span> (<a class="myncbi-account-settings" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/">change</a>)</span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-frequency" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Frequency:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-frequency" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-frequency">
|
||
<option value="monthly">Monthly</option>
|
||
<option value="weekly">Weekly</option>
|
||
<option value="daily">Daily</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-monthly-additional">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Which day?
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector">
|
||
<option value="Sunday">The first Sunday</option>
|
||
<option value="Monday">The first Monday</option>
|
||
<option value="Tuesday">The first Tuesday</option>
|
||
<option value="Wednesday">The first Wednesday</option>
|
||
<option value="Thursday">The first Thursday</option>
|
||
<option value="Friday">The first Friday</option>
|
||
<option value="Saturday">The first Saturday</option>
|
||
<option value="day">The first day</option>
|
||
<option value="weekday">The first weekday</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-weekly-additional">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Which day?
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-weekly-on-day">
|
||
<option value="Sunday">Sunday</option>
|
||
<option value="Monday">Monday</option>
|
||
<option value="Tuesday">Tuesday</option>
|
||
<option value="Wednesday">Wednesday</option>
|
||
<option value="Thursday">Thursday</option>
|
||
<option value="Friday">Friday</option>
|
||
<option value="Saturday">Saturday</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-report" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Report format:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-report" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-report">
|
||
<option value="DocSum">Summary</option>
|
||
<option value="DocSumText">Summary (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="Abstract">Abstract</option>
|
||
<option value="AbstractText">Abstract (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="MEDLINE">PubMed</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-amount" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Send at most:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-amount" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-amount">
|
||
<option value="1">1 item</option>
|
||
<option value="5" selected>5 items</option>
|
||
<option value="10">10 items</option>
|
||
<option value="20">20 items</option>
|
||
<option value="50">50 items</option>
|
||
<option value="100">100 items</option>
|
||
<option value="200">200 items</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div>
|
||
<input type="checkbox" id="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="saved-search-send-if-no-result" name="saved-search-send-if-no-result">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="action-panel-label smaller-checkbox">
|
||
Send even when there aren't any new results
|
||
</label>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap option-text-in-email-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-email-text" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Optional text in email:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<textarea name="saved-search-email-text"
|
||
id="saved-search-email-text"
|
||
class="saved-search-email-text"></textarea>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Saving..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="alert"
|
||
data-ga-label="save">
|
||
Save
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Your saved search' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_saved_search_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="saved-search-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="alert"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="citation-manager-action-panel" class="citation-manager-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Create a file for external citation management software
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<form id="citation-manager-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
action="/results-export-ids/"
|
||
data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/"
|
||
data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/"
|
||
method="post"
|
||
data-by-search-method="post"
|
||
data-by-ids-method="post">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="f8A5HOpOoheJqRYBV7cPkXbxoML00VWawVkakESaYS1dki4ryqPRO5HbWQtcTwuu">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input name="results-format" type="hidden" value="pubmed"/>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Sending..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="citation_manager"
|
||
data-ga-label="save">
|
||
Create file
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Send citations to citation manager' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_citation_manager_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="citation-manager-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="citation_manager"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="rss-action-panel" class="rss-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Your RSS Feed
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
<form id="rss-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="rss-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
data-create-rss-feed-url="/create-rss-feed-url/"
|
||
data-search-form-term-value="">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="f8A5HOpOoheJqRYBV7cPkXbxoML00VWawVkakESaYS1dki4ryqPRO5HbWQtcTwuu">
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="rss-name" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Name of RSS Feed:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input maxlength="200"
|
||
placeholder="Name"
|
||
type="text"
|
||
name="rss-name"
|
||
id="rss-name"
|
||
class="rss-name"
|
||
value=''
|
||
required
|
||
pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/">
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="rss-limit-wrap">
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top">
|
||
<label for="rss-limit" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Number of items displayed:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="rss-limit" class="no-border-panel-selector rss-limit">
|
||
<option value="5">5</option>
|
||
<option value="10">10</option>
|
||
<option value="15" selected="selected">15</option>
|
||
<option value="20">20</option>
|
||
<option value="50">50</option>
|
||
<option value="100">100</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Creating..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="alert"
|
||
data-ga-label="save">
|
||
Create RSS
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Your RSS' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_rss_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="rss-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="alert"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap rss-link-copy-wrap">
|
||
<label for="rss-link" class="usa-sr-only">RSS Link</label>
|
||
<input placeholder="Your RSS Feed Link" type="text" name="rss-link" id="rss-link" class="rss-link" title="RSS Link">
|
||
<button
|
||
type="button"
|
||
disabled
|
||
class="rss-link-copy-button disabled"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="rss"
|
||
data-ga-label="copy">
|
||
Copy
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="article-page" id="article-page" data-article-pmid="38162583">
|
||
<aside class="page-sidebar">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
|
||
<div class="full-text-links">
|
||
<div class="full-view">
|
||
<h3 class="title">
|
||
Full text links
|
||
</h3>
|
||
<div class="full-text-links-list">
|
||
<a class="link-item
|
||
|
||
dialog-focus"
|
||
href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2023.1295311"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="noopener"
|
||
|
||
ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&is_pmc=False&PrId=6956&itool=Abstract-def&log$=linkouticon&uid=38162583&db=pubmed&nlmid=101585359"
|
||
title="See full text options at Frontiers Media SA"
|
||
|
||
data-ga-category="full_text"
|
||
data-ga-action="Frontiers Media SA"
|
||
data-ga-label="38162583"
|
||
><img src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/query/egifs/https:--www.frontiersin.org-alerts-logo-PubMed.png" alt="Frontiers Media SA full text link"><span class="text">
|
||
|
||
Frontiers Media SA
|
||
|
||
</span></a><a class="link-item
|
||
pmc
|
||
"
|
||
href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/38162583/"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="noopener"
|
||
|
||
ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&is_pmc=True&PrId=3494&itool=Abstract-def&log$=linkouticon&uid=38162583&db=pubmed&nlmid=101585359"
|
||
title="Free full text at PubMed Central"
|
||
|
||
data-ga-category="full_text"
|
||
data-ga-action="PMC"
|
||
data-ga-label="38162583"
|
||
><span class="text">
|
||
|
||
Free PMC article
|
||
|
||
</span></a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="short-view">
|
||
<a href="#" class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger">
|
||
Full text links
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="actions-buttons sidebar"><h3 class="title">Actions</h3><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger"
|
||
aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="cite"
|
||
data-ga-label="open"
|
||
data-all-citations-url="/38162583/citations/"
|
||
data-citation-style="nlm"
|
||
data-pubmed-format-link="/38162583/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><link type="text/css" href="ncbi-overlay-block/src/overlay-block.css"><div class="collections-button-container" data-article-id="38162583" data-article-db="pubmed"><button class="collections-button collections-dialog-trigger"
|
||
aria-label="Save article in MyNCBI collections."
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_button"
|
||
data-collections-open-dialog-enabled="false"
|
||
data-collections-open-dialog-url="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F38162583%2F%23open-collections-dialog"
|
||
data-in-collections="false"><span class="button-label">Collections</span></button><div class="overlay" role="dialog"><div id="collections-action-dialog"
|
||
class="dialog collections-dialog"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"><div class="title">Add to Collections</div><div class="collections-action-panel action-panel"><form id="collections-action-dialog-form"
|
||
class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
|
||
data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/"
|
||
data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/"
|
||
data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/"
|
||
data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100"
|
||
data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/"><input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="f8A5HOpOoheJqRYBV7cPkXbxoML00VWawVkakESaYS1dki4ryqPRO5HbWQtcTwuu"><div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup"><ul class="radio-group-items"><li><input type="radio"
|
||
id="collections-action-dialog-new"
|
||
class="collections-new"
|
||
name="collections"
|
||
value="new"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_radio_new"><label for="collections-action-dialog-new">Create a new collection</label></li><li><input type="radio"
|
||
id="collections-action-dialog-existing"
|
||
class="collections-existing"
|
||
name="collections"
|
||
value="existing"
|
||
checked="true"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing"><label for="collections-action-dialog-existing">Add to an existing collection</label></li></ul></div><div class="controls-wrapper"><div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Name your collection:
|
||
</label><input
|
||
type="text"
|
||
name="add-to-new-collection"
|
||
id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new"
|
||
class="collections-action-add-to-new"
|
||
pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"
|
||
maxlength="100"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="create_collection"
|
||
data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"><div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Name must be less than 100 characters
|
||
</div></div><div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Choose a collection:
|
||
</label><select id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing"
|
||
class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="select_collection"
|
||
data-ga-label="($('.collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"></select><div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Unable to load your collection due to an error<br><a href="#">Please try again</a></div></div></div><div class="action-panel-actions"><button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Adding..."
|
||
data-pinger-ignore
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="add">
|
||
Add
|
||
</button><button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="collections-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button></div></form></div></div></div></div><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger"
|
||
title="Open dialog with more actions to take"
|
||
ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" data-format-key="format"
|
||
data-default-format-value="abstract"
|
||
data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"><button
|
||
class="trigger usa-button"
|
||
title="Change format"
|
||
data-ga-category="display_options"
|
||
data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"><span class="button-label">Display options</span></button><div class="dropdown" hidden><div class="title">
|
||
Display options
|
||
</div><div class="content"><div class="format-container"><span class="option-label">
|
||
Format
|
||
</span><select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="sidebar-actions-display-format"><option value="abstract">Abstract</option><option value="pubmed">PubMed</option><option value="pmid">PMID</option></select></div></div></div></div></div></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="social-sharing">
|
||
<h3 class="title">
|
||
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div><span class="period">. </span><span class="cit">2023 Dec 13:13:1295311.</span>
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Impact of CRAMP-34 on <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> biofilms and extracellular metabolites
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Impact of CRAMP-34 on <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> biofilms and extracellular metabolites
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data-ga-label="Peng Cheng">Peng Cheng</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
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2
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</a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Institute of Veterinary Medicine Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China." href="#short-view-affiliation-5" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
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1
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</a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Collaborative Innovation Institute National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing, China." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
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</a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Institute of Veterinary Medicine Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China." href="#short-view-affiliation-5" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
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2
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</a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Institute of Veterinary Medicine Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China." href="#short-view-affiliation-5" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
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</a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
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data-ga-label="Suhui Zhang">Suhui Zhang</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Collaborative Innovation Institute National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing, China." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
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2
|
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</a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Institute of Veterinary Medicine Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China." href="#short-view-affiliation-5" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
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5
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</a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
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2
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</a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Institute of Veterinary Medicine Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China." href="#short-view-affiliation-5" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
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</a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
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data-ga-label="Yuzhang He">Yuzhang He</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
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</a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Collaborative Innovation Institute National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing, China." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
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><sup class="key">1</sup> College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.</li>
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<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-2"
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id="short-view-affiliation-2"
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><sup class="key">2</sup> Collaborative Innovation Institute National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing, China.</li>
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<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-3"
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id="short-view-affiliation-3"
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><sup class="key">3</sup> College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.</li>
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<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-4"
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id="short-view-affiliation-4"
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><sup class="key">4</sup> Immunology Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.</li>
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<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-5"
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id="short-view-affiliation-5"
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><sup class="key">5</sup> Institute of Veterinary Medicine Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China.</li>
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PMC10757720
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DOI:
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10.3389/fcimb.2023.1295311
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|
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|
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Abstract
|
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<div class="abstract-content selected"
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id="eng-abstract">
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<p>
|
||
|
||
Biofilm is a structured community of bacteria encased within a self-produced extracellular matrix. When bacteria form biofilms, they undergo a phenotypic shift that enhances their resistance to antimicrobial agents. Consequently, inducing the transition of biofilm bacteria to the planktonic state may offer a viable approach for addressing infections associated with biofilms. Our previous study has shown that the mouse antimicrobial peptide CRAMP-34 can disperse <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (<i>P. aeruginosa</i>) biofilm, and the potential mechanism of CRAMP-34 eradicate <i>P. aeruginosa</i> biofilms was also investigated by combined omics. However, changes in bacterial extracellular metabolism have not been identified. To further explore the mechanism by which CRAMP-34 disperses biofilm, this study analyzed its effects on the extracellular metabolites of biofilm cells via metabolomics. The results demonstrated that a total of 258 significantly different metabolites were detected in the untargeted metabolomics, of which 73 were downregulated and 185 were upregulated. Pathway enrichment analysis of differential metabolites revealed that metabolic pathways are mainly related to the biosynthesis and metabolism of amino acids, and it also suggested that CRAMP-34 may alter the sensitivity of biofilm bacteria to antibiotics. Subsequently, it was confirmed that the combination of CRAMP-34 with vancomycin and colistin had a synergistic effect on dispersed cells. These results, along with our previous findings, suggest that CRAMP-34 may promote the transition of PAO1 bacteria from the biofilm state to the planktonic state by upregulating the extracellular glutamate and succinate metabolism and eventually leading to the dispersal of biofilm. In addition, increased extracellular metabolites of myoinositol, palmitic acid and oleic acid may enhance the susceptibility of the dispersed bacteria to the antibiotics colistin and vancomycin. CRAMP-34 also delayed the development of bacterial resistance to colistin and ciprofloxacin. These results suggest the promising development of CRAMP-34 in combination with antibiotics as a potential candidate to provide a novel therapeutic approach for the prevention and treatment of biofilm-associated infections.
|
||
</p>
|
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<p>
|
||
|
||
<strong class="sub-title">
|
||
Keywords:
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
CRAMP-34; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; anti-biofilm peptides; extracellular metabolites; synergistic effect.
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
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|
||
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||
|
||
|
||
<p class="copyright" id="copyright">
|
||
Copyright © 2023 Wang, Ma, Long, Cheng, Zhang, Peng, Fu, Yu, Xu, Zhang, Qiu, He, Yang and Chen.
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
|
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<p class="disclaimer" id="disclaimer">
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<a href="/disclaimer/" target="_blank" data-ga-category="literature_resources"
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data-ga-action="disclaimer_link" data-ga-label="under_abstract">PubMed Disclaimer</a>
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</p>
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|
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<div class="conflict-of-interest" id="conflict-of-interest">
|
||
<h2 class="title">
|
||
Conflict of interest statement
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
<div class="statement">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:p1="http://pubmed.gov/pub-one">The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.</p>
|
||
|
||
|
||
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|
||
</div>
|
||
|
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|
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|
||
|
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||
|
||
<div class="figures" id="figures">
|
||
<h2 class="title">
|
||
Figures
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
<div class="figures-list" id="slides-container"
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itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageGallery">
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<figure class="figure-item "
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itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
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itemprop="associatedMedia"
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data-slide-index="0"
|
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data-label-slug="figure-1">
|
||
<a class="figure-link"
|
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href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/8f20/10757720/7063a2f63213/fcimb-13-1295311-g001.jpg"
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itemprop="contentUrl"
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aria-describedby="figure-caption-0"
|
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role="button"
|
||
data-image-width="679"
|
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data-image-height="296"
|
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data-image-alt="Figure 1"
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC10757720"
|
||
data-figure-id="f1">
|
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<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
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id="article-image-0"
|
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src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/8f20/10757720/848914d8ad91/fcimb-13-1295311-g001.gif"
|
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alt="Figure 1" />
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<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
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<div class="caption-wrap">
|
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|
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|
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<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Figure 1 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Effect of CRAMP-34 on PAO1… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
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<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
|
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|
||
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||
|
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|
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<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Figure 1 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Effect of CRAMP-34 on PAO1 pre-biofilm biomass and metabolic viability. <b> (A) </b> PAO1 biofilms… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
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<figcaption id="figure-caption-0" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
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|
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|
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|
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<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
Figure 1
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Effect of CRAMP-34 on PAO1 pre-biofilm biomass and metabolic viability. <b>(A)</b> PAO1 biofilms were cultured for 72 hours at 37°C in 96-well plates. these biofilms were exposed to CRAMP-34 for 1 hour. Biomass quantification was conducted using crystal violet (CV). <b>(B)</b> After culturing PAO1 biofilms under similar conditions and post-exposure to CRAMP-34, the metabolic viability of the biofilm-associated bacteria was assessed using the formazan-based MTT assay. The significance of results was analyzed using an unpaired two-tailed t-test. Notably, *<i>P</i> < 0.05 and **<i>P</i> < 0.01 when compared to the control group.</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figure>
|
||
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||
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|
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|
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<a class="figure-link"
|
||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/8f20/10757720/09cd8627ae85/fcimb-13-1295311-g002.jpg"
|
||
itemprop="contentUrl"
|
||
aria-describedby="figure-caption-1"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-image-width="708"
|
||
data-image-height="452"
|
||
data-image-alt="Figure 2"
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC10757720"
|
||
data-figure-id="f2">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-1"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/8f20/10757720/ae86aa766972/fcimb-13-1295311-g002.gif"
|
||
alt="Figure 2" />
|
||
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|
||
|
||
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="708">
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<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="452">
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|
||
|
||
|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Figure 2 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> CLSM imaging of CRAMP-34 treated… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Figure 2 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> CLSM imaging of CRAMP-34 treated PAO1 prebiofilms. PAO1 biofilms were formed for 72… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
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<figcaption id="figure-caption-1" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
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||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
Figure 2
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">CLSM imaging of CRAMP-34 treated PAO1 prebiofilms. PAO1 biofilms were formed for 72 h at 37°C on chambered coverglass slides. biofilms were treated with CRAMP-34 for 1 h at 37°C as described and subsequently stained with SYTO 9 and PI for 20 min in the dark. <b>(A, B)</b> The 3D and orthogonal views biofilm representation in the objective of 20X in the control group. <b>(C, D)</b> The 3D and orthogonal views biofilm representation of CRAMP-34 in the objective of 20X. <b>(E)</b> The total fluorescence intensity of biofilms. <b>(F)</b> represents the number of biofilms. <b>(G)</b> The bottom area of biofilms. <b>(H)</b> represents the volume of biofilms. <b>(I)</b> The total fluorescence intensity of viable or dead bacteria per unit biofilm area. <b>(J)</b> The total fluorescence intensity of viable or dead bacteria per unit biofilm volume. Unpaired t-test (two-tailed) was used to measure statistical significance. *<i>P</i> < 0.05, **<i>P</i> < 0.01 compared with the control group.</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
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|
||
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|
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|
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|
||
data-label-slug="figure-3">
|
||
<a class="figure-link"
|
||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/8f20/10757720/93cf7f4a4fa1/fcimb-13-1295311-g003.jpg"
|
||
itemprop="contentUrl"
|
||
aria-describedby="figure-caption-2"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-image-width="708"
|
||
data-image-height="759"
|
||
data-image-alt="Figure 3"
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC10757720"
|
||
data-figure-id="f3">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-2"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/8f20/10757720/321850fdd171/fcimb-13-1295311-g003.gif"
|
||
alt="Figure 3" />
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="708">
|
||
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="759">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
<div class="caption-wrap">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Figure 3 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Extracellular metabolites in CRAMP-34 treated… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Figure 3 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Extracellular metabolites in CRAMP-34 treated PAO1 prebiofilms. Three-day-old preformed biofilms were treated by… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-2" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
Figure 3
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Extracellular metabolites in CRAMP-34 treated PAO1 prebiofilms. Three-day-old preformed biofilms were treated by CRAMP-34 at 62.5 μg/mL for 1 hour. There were 6 samples in both the CRAMP-34 group and the control group. The samples were analyzed by LCMS, and the data were extracted and preprocessed using Mas-terView (SCIEX). <b>(A)</b> Volcano plots showed the fold change of extracellular metabolites in CRAMP-34 group (EP) vs control group (EC). The green dots represent significantly down-regulated metabolites (73), the red dots represent significantly up-regulated metabolites (185), and grey dots represent non-significantly changed differential metabolites. <b>(B)</b> Some representative differential metabolites. <b>(C)</b> The bubble diagram was analyzed using KEGG metabolism pathway enrichment. The <i>p</i> value is the significance of enrichment of this metabolic pathway. The ordinate is the name of the metabolic pathway; the abscissa is the rich factor. The larger the rich factor, the more metabolites enriched in the pathway. The size of the dots represents the number of differential metabolites enriched into the pathway.</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
|
||
|
||
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|
||
|
||
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|
||
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|
||
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|
||
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|
||
data-label-slug="figure-4">
|
||
<a class="figure-link"
|
||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/8f20/10757720/c206ba33c389/fcimb-13-1295311-g004.jpg"
|
||
itemprop="contentUrl"
|
||
aria-describedby="figure-caption-3"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-image-width="787"
|
||
data-image-height="1351"
|
||
data-image-alt="Figure 4"
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC10757720"
|
||
data-figure-id="f4">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-3"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/8f20/10757720/c755a11abf7c/fcimb-13-1295311-g004.gif"
|
||
alt="Figure 4" />
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="787">
|
||
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="1351">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
<div class="caption-wrap">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Figure 4 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Effects of Glutamate and Succinate… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Figure 4 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Effects of Glutamate and Succinate on PAO1 preformed biofilms. The biomass of the… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-3" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
Figure 4
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Effects of Glutamate and Succinate on PAO1 preformed biofilms. The biomass of the preformed 96-h-old biofilms treated at 37°C with different concentrations of glutamate <b>(A)</b> and succinate <b>(B)</b> were measured after 24 h. *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 when compared to the control group.</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
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|
||
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|
||
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|
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|
||
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|
||
<a class="figure-link"
|
||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/8f20/10757720/e34293876226/fcimb-13-1295311-g005.jpg"
|
||
itemprop="contentUrl"
|
||
aria-describedby="figure-caption-4"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-image-width="679"
|
||
data-image-height="710"
|
||
data-image-alt="Figure 5"
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC10757720"
|
||
data-figure-id="f5">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-4"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/8f20/10757720/1c21219a6624/fcimb-13-1295311-g005.gif"
|
||
alt="Figure 5" />
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="679">
|
||
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="710">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
<div class="caption-wrap">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Figure 5 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> CRAMP-34 combined with antibiotics on… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Figure 5 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> CRAMP-34 combined with antibiotics on biofilm dispersed bacteria. CRAMP-34 was used to disperse… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-4" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
Figure 5
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">CRAMP-34 combined with antibiotics on biofilm dispersed bacteria. CRAMP-34 was used to disperse the biofilm that was pre-formed for 3 days, and the dispersed cells were collected for testing. <b>(A)</b> The time killing curve (TKC) of CRAMP-34 (1/4MIC) combined with vancomycin (1/2,1/4,1/8 MIC). <b>(B)</b> TKC of CRAMP-34 (1/4MIC) combined with colistin (1/2,1/4,1/8 MIC).</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="figure-item "
|
||
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|
||
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|
||
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|
||
data-label-slug="figure-6">
|
||
<a class="figure-link"
|
||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/8f20/10757720/d557caa0a6bd/fcimb-13-1295311-g006.jpg"
|
||
itemprop="contentUrl"
|
||
aria-describedby="figure-caption-5"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-image-width="679"
|
||
data-image-height="785"
|
||
data-image-alt="Figure 6"
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC10757720"
|
||
data-figure-id="f6">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-5"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/8f20/10757720/38291011e2e7/fcimb-13-1295311-g006.gif"
|
||
alt="Figure 6" />
|
||
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|
||
|
||
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="679">
|
||
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="785">
|
||
|
||
|
||
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|
||
|
||
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Figure 6 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> CRAMP-34 delaying antibiotic resistance in… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Figure 6 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> CRAMP-34 delaying antibiotic resistance in dispersed bacteria. The dispersed cells were collected for… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-5" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
Figure 6
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">CRAMP-34 delaying antibiotic resistance in dispersed bacteria. The dispersed cells were collected for testing the ability of CRAMP-34 combined with antibiotics to delay the development of drug resistance by 25 generations of continuous induction at the sub inhibitory concentration, with planktonic cells as control. <b>(A)</b> The change multiple of the MIC value of CRAMP-34 combined with ciprofloxacin and colistin against planktonic cells. <b>(B)</b> The change multiple of the MIC value of CRAMP-34 combined with ciprofloxacin and colistin against dispersed cells.</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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Dosler S., Karaaslan E. (2014). Inhibition and destruction of pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms by antibiotics and antimicrobial peptides. Peptides 62, 32–37. doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.09.021
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<div class="grants-list"></div><div class="funding-statement">The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This research was funded by Chongqing Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project (CYS21134, CYS22247), National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs (NCTIP-XD/B12, NCTIP-XD/C17), Chongqing Technical Innovation and Application Development Special General Project (CSTB2023TIAD-LDX0006), Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities (XDJK2019B040, SWU-KQ22045), the Project of Shandong Province on the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements (2022LYXZ030). Performance Guidance Project for Scientific research institutions (19538).</div>
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