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|
||
<span class="search-input-link user-guide-link" role="navigation" aria-label="User guide">
|
||
<a href="/help/"
|
||
data-ga-category="featured_link"
|
||
data-ga-action="user_guide">
|
||
User Guide
|
||
</a>
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</form>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="article-page-header">
|
||
<div id="article-top-actions-bar" class="article-top-actions-bar">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<div class="actions-container">
|
||
<div class="return-to-search">
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="multiple-results-actions " role="region" aria-label="save, email, send to">
|
||
<button id="save-results-panel-trigger"
|
||
type="button"
|
||
class="save-results save-results-panel-trigger"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
aria-controls="save-action-panel"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="save"
|
||
data-ga-label="open">
|
||
Save
|
||
</button><button id="email-results-panel-trigger"
|
||
type="button"
|
||
class="email-results email-results-panel-trigger"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
aria-controls="email-action-panel"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="email"
|
||
data-ga-label="open">
|
||
Email
|
||
</button><div class="more-actions dropdown-block"><button id="more-actions-trigger"
|
||
type="button"
|
||
class="trigger more-actions-trigger"
|
||
ref="linksrc=show_moreactions_btn"
|
||
aria-label="Send to"
|
||
aria-controls="more-actions-dropdown">Send to</button><div id="more-actions-dropdown" class="dropdown dropdown-container" hidden><div class="content"><ul class="more-actions-links"><li><a class="clipboard-panel-trigger dropdown-block-link "
|
||
href="#"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="clipboard"
|
||
data-ga-label="send">
|
||
Clipboard
|
||
</a></li><li><a role="button" class="dropdown-block-link bibliography-trigger-target" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F35908825%2F%23open-bibliography-panel">My Bibliography</a></li><li><a role="button" class="dropdown-block-link collections-trigger-target" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F35908825%2F%23open-collections-panel">Collections</a></li><li><a role="button" class="citation-manager-panel-trigger dropdown-block-link citation-manager-trigger-target" href="#">Citation manager</a></li></ul></div></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="display-options" data-format-key="format"
|
||
data-default-format-value="abstract"
|
||
data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region">
|
||
<button
|
||
class="trigger usa-button"
|
||
title="Change format"
|
||
data-ga-category="display_options"
|
||
data-ga-action="display_options_dialog">
|
||
<span class="button-label">Display options</span>
|
||
</button>
|
||
|
||
<div class="dropdown" hidden>
|
||
<div class="title">
|
||
Display options
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
|
||
<div class="format-container">
|
||
<span class="option-label">
|
||
Format
|
||
</span>
|
||
<select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="article-display-format">
|
||
<option value="abstract">Abstract</option>
|
||
|
||
<option value="pubmed">PubMed</option>
|
||
|
||
<option value="pmid">PMID</option>
|
||
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="TG9NXOXWtzkr9HJ1A1mxsK1KSVGuXQLxatTSAEqi3a7V38PRdkZzWSxoqZoGQrjR">
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="article-panels-container" class="article-panels-container">
|
||
<div id="save-action-panel" class="save-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Save citation to file
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<form id="save-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
action="/results-export-ids/"
|
||
data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/"
|
||
data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/"
|
||
method="post"
|
||
data-by-search-method="post"
|
||
data-by-ids-method="post">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="TG9NXOXWtzkr9HJ1A1mxsK1KSVGuXQLxatTSAEqi3a7V38PRdkZzWSxoqZoGQrjR">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="save-action-format" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Format:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="save-action-format" name="results-format" class="action-panel-selector">
|
||
<option value="summary-text">Summary (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="pubmed-text">PubMed</option>
|
||
<option value="pmid">PMID</option>
|
||
<option value="abstract">Abstract (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="csv">CSV</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Saving..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="save"
|
||
data-ga-label="save">
|
||
Create file
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Save citations to file' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_save_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="save-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="save"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="email-action-panel"
|
||
class="email-action-panel action-panel"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"
|
||
data-recaptcha-script-url="https://www.recaptcha.net/recaptcha/enterprise.js?render=explicit&onload=onloadCaptchaCallback"
|
||
data-recaptcha-enabled="true">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Email citation
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<form id="email-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
action="/send-email/"
|
||
data-by-search-action="/results-export-email-by-search-data/"
|
||
data-by-ids-action="/send-email/"
|
||
data-by-search-method="post"
|
||
data-by-ids-method="post"
|
||
method="post"
|
||
>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="TG9NXOXWtzkr9HJ1A1mxsK1KSVGuXQLxatTSAEqi3a7V38PRdkZzWSxoqZoGQrjR">
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<span class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Subject:
|
||
</span>
|
||
<span class="email-subject" id="email-subject" aria-label="Email subject">1 selected item: 35908825 - PubMed</span>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="email-subject" value="1 selected item: 35908825"/>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="email-subject-hash" value="c0718dd71687020ee3d24713ec0f0ffd9eb3adcc265ffbf9d014293808d1ca6f"/>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="email-to" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
To:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input type="email" aria-label="Recipient Email Address" placeholder="email@example.com" id="email-to" class="email-to" pattern="^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$" maxlength="100" required>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="email-from" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
From:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input type="email" aria-label="Sender Email Address" placeholder="email@example.com" id="email-from" class="email-from" pattern="^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$" maxlength="256">
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="email-citation-format" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Format:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="email-citation-format" name="citation-format" class="action-panel-selector email-citation-format">
|
||
<option selected="selected" value="summary">Summary</option>
|
||
<option value="summary-text">Summary (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="abstract">Abstract</option>
|
||
<option value="abstract-text">Abstract (text)</option>
|
||
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="include-supplemental-container">
|
||
<input type="checkbox" aria-label="Include MeSH and other data" name="include-supplemental" id="email-include-supplemental" class="email-include-supplemental">
|
||
<label for="email-include-supplemental" class="email-include-supplemental-label">MeSH and other data</label>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="form-field recaptcha ">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="g-recaptcha" id="id-recaptcha" data-sitekey="6LfsWHMdAAAAAClKbtOpjQ2pMjgsGxvv7NdZW9uI"></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="captcha-error-message" class="usa-input-error-message captcha-validation-message" role="alert"></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Sending..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="email"
|
||
data-ga-label="send">
|
||
Send email
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Email citations' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_email_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="email-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="email"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="email-search-details" value="" />
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="email-search-details-hash" value="0e42663a6c3bd85498fcb88798998fed7bfdc45d457db35281e41afe13cc0524" />
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="collections-action-panel"
|
||
class="collections-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"
|
||
data-collections-open-panel-enabled="false"
|
||
data-collections-open-panel-url-hash="#open-collections-panel">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h3 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Add to Collections
|
||
</h3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<form id="collections-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
|
||
data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/"
|
||
data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/"
|
||
data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/"
|
||
data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/"
|
||
data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100"
|
||
data-add-to-collection-max-amount="1000"
|
||
data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="TG9NXOXWtzkr9HJ1A1mxsK1KSVGuXQLxatTSAEqi3a7V38PRdkZzWSxoqZoGQrjR">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup">
|
||
<ul class="radio-group-items">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input type="radio"
|
||
id="collections-action-panel-new"
|
||
class="collections-new"
|
||
name="collections"
|
||
value="new"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="collections"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_radio_new">
|
||
<label for="collections-action-panel-new">Create a new collection</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input type="radio"
|
||
id="collections-action-panel-existing"
|
||
class="collections-existing"
|
||
name="collections"
|
||
value="existing"
|
||
checked="true"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="collections"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing">
|
||
<label for="collections-action-panel-existing">Add to an existing collection</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="controls-wrapper">
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls">
|
||
<label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Name your collection:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input
|
||
type="text"
|
||
name="add-to-new-collection"
|
||
id="collections-action-panel-add-to-new"
|
||
class="collections-action-add-to-new"
|
||
pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"
|
||
maxlength="100"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="create_collection"
|
||
data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection">
|
||
<div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Name must be less than 100 characters
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls">
|
||
<label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Choose a collection:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing"
|
||
class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="select_collection"
|
||
data-ga-label="($('#collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'">
|
||
</select>
|
||
<div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Unable to load your collection due to an error<br>
|
||
<a href="#">Please try again</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Adding..."
|
||
data-pinger-ignore
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="collections"
|
||
data-ga-label="add">
|
||
Add
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="collections-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="collections"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="bibliography-action-panel"
|
||
class="bibliography-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"
|
||
data-bibliography-open-panel-enabled="false"
|
||
data-bibliography-open-panel-url-hash="#open-bibliography-panel">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h3 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Add to My Bibliography
|
||
</h3>
|
||
<form id="bibliography-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="bibliography-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
|
||
data-add-to-bibliography-max-amount="100"
|
||
data-add-to-bibliography-batch-size="10"
|
||
data-bibliography-delegates-url="/list-bibliography-delegates/"
|
||
data-add-to-bibliography-url="/add-to-bibliography/"
|
||
data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/"
|
||
data-mybib-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/mybibliography/">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="TG9NXOXWtzkr9HJ1A1mxsK1KSVGuXQLxatTSAEqi3a7V38PRdkZzWSxoqZoGQrjR">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap bibliographies-controls">
|
||
<div class="choice-group">
|
||
<ul class="bibliographies-action-add radio-group-items">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input name="bibliography" id="my-bibliography" class="my-bibliography" type="radio" checked/>
|
||
<label for="my-bibliography">My Bibliography</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="bibliographies-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Unable to load your delegates due to an error<br>
|
||
<a href="#">Please try again</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Adding..."
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Add
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Add to bibliography' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_bibliography_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="bibliography-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="mybib"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="saved-search-action-panel" class="saved-search-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true"
|
||
data-saved-search-open-panel-enabled="false"
|
||
data-saved-search-open-panel-url-hash="#open-saved-search-panel">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Your saved search
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
<form id="saved-search-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="saved-search-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
data-create-saved-search-url="/create-saved-search/"
|
||
data-try-search-terms-url="/try-search-term/"
|
||
data-saved-search-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/searches/">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="TG9NXOXWtzkr9HJ1A1mxsK1KSVGuXQLxatTSAEqi3a7V38PRdkZzWSxoqZoGQrjR">
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-name" class="action-panel-label saved-search-name-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Name of saved search:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input maxlength="200"
|
||
type="text"
|
||
name="saved-search-name"
|
||
id="saved-search-name"
|
||
class="saved-search-name"
|
||
value=""
|
||
required
|
||
pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/">
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-term" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Search terms:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<textarea name="saved-search-term" id="saved-search-term" class="saved-search-term" required></textarea>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="test-search-term-wrap">
|
||
<a href="#" class="try-search-term">Test search terms</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="choice-group action-panel-extra-margin-top">
|
||
<span class="action-panel-label" id="fieldset-label">
|
||
Would you like email updates of new search results?
|
||
</span>
|
||
<fieldset id="saved-search-alert" aria-describedby="fieldset-label">
|
||
<legend class="usa-sr-only">Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons</legend>
|
||
<ul class="radio-group-items">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-yes" class="saved-search-alert-yes" name="saved-search-alert" value="yes" checked>
|
||
<label for="saved-search-alert-yes" class="action-panel-label">Yes</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input aria-label="No radio input" type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-no" class="saved-search-alert-no" name="saved-search-alert" value="no">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-alert-no" class="action-panel-label">No</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</fieldset>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="alert-schedule-wrap">
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Email:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<span aria-label="Email address" id="saved-search-email" class="action-panel-label"><span class="action-panel-label-bold"></span> (<a class="myncbi-account-settings" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/">change</a>)</span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-frequency" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Frequency:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-frequency" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-frequency">
|
||
<option value="monthly">Monthly</option>
|
||
<option value="weekly">Weekly</option>
|
||
<option value="daily">Daily</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-monthly-additional">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Which day?
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector">
|
||
<option value="Sunday">The first Sunday</option>
|
||
<option value="Monday">The first Monday</option>
|
||
<option value="Tuesday">The first Tuesday</option>
|
||
<option value="Wednesday">The first Wednesday</option>
|
||
<option value="Thursday">The first Thursday</option>
|
||
<option value="Friday">The first Friday</option>
|
||
<option value="Saturday">The first Saturday</option>
|
||
<option value="day">The first day</option>
|
||
<option value="weekday">The first weekday</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-weekly-additional">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Which day?
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-weekly-on-day">
|
||
<option value="Sunday">Sunday</option>
|
||
<option value="Monday">Monday</option>
|
||
<option value="Tuesday">Tuesday</option>
|
||
<option value="Wednesday">Wednesday</option>
|
||
<option value="Thursday">Thursday</option>
|
||
<option value="Friday">Friday</option>
|
||
<option value="Saturday">Saturday</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-report" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Report format:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-report" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-report">
|
||
<option value="DocSum">Summary</option>
|
||
<option value="DocSumText">Summary (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="Abstract">Abstract</option>
|
||
<option value="AbstractText">Abstract (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="MEDLINE">PubMed</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-amount" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Send at most:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-amount" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-amount">
|
||
<option value="1">1 item</option>
|
||
<option value="5" selected>5 items</option>
|
||
<option value="10">10 items</option>
|
||
<option value="20">20 items</option>
|
||
<option value="50">50 items</option>
|
||
<option value="100">100 items</option>
|
||
<option value="200">200 items</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div>
|
||
<input type="checkbox" id="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="saved-search-send-if-no-result" name="saved-search-send-if-no-result">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="action-panel-label smaller-checkbox">
|
||
Send even when there aren't any new results
|
||
</label>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap option-text-in-email-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-email-text" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Optional text in email:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<textarea name="saved-search-email-text"
|
||
id="saved-search-email-text"
|
||
class="saved-search-email-text"></textarea>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Saving..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="alert"
|
||
data-ga-label="save">
|
||
Save
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Your saved search' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_saved_search_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="saved-search-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="alert"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="citation-manager-action-panel" class="citation-manager-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Create a file for external citation management software
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<form id="citation-manager-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
action="/results-export-ids/"
|
||
data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/"
|
||
data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/"
|
||
method="post"
|
||
data-by-search-method="post"
|
||
data-by-ids-method="post">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="TG9NXOXWtzkr9HJ1A1mxsK1KSVGuXQLxatTSAEqi3a7V38PRdkZzWSxoqZoGQrjR">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input name="results-format" type="hidden" value="pubmed"/>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Sending..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="citation_manager"
|
||
data-ga-label="save">
|
||
Create file
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Send citations to citation manager' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_citation_manager_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="citation-manager-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="citation_manager"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="rss-action-panel" class="rss-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Your RSS Feed
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
<form id="rss-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="rss-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
data-create-rss-feed-url="/create-rss-feed-url/"
|
||
data-search-form-term-value="">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="TG9NXOXWtzkr9HJ1A1mxsK1KSVGuXQLxatTSAEqi3a7V38PRdkZzWSxoqZoGQrjR">
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="rss-name" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Name of RSS Feed:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input maxlength="200"
|
||
placeholder="Name"
|
||
type="text"
|
||
name="rss-name"
|
||
id="rss-name"
|
||
class="rss-name"
|
||
value=''
|
||
required
|
||
pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/">
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="rss-limit-wrap">
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top">
|
||
<label for="rss-limit" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Number of items displayed:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="rss-limit" class="no-border-panel-selector rss-limit">
|
||
<option value="5">5</option>
|
||
<option value="10">10</option>
|
||
<option value="15" selected="selected">15</option>
|
||
<option value="20">20</option>
|
||
<option value="50">50</option>
|
||
<option value="100">100</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Creating..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="alert"
|
||
data-ga-label="save">
|
||
Create RSS
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Your RSS' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_rss_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="rss-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="alert"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap rss-link-copy-wrap">
|
||
<label for="rss-link" class="usa-sr-only">RSS Link</label>
|
||
<input placeholder="Your RSS Feed Link" type="text" name="rss-link" id="rss-link" class="rss-link" title="RSS Link">
|
||
<button
|
||
type="button"
|
||
disabled
|
||
class="rss-link-copy-button disabled"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="rss"
|
||
data-ga-label="copy">
|
||
Copy
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="article-page" id="article-page" data-article-pmid="35908825">
|
||
<aside class="page-sidebar">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
|
||
<div class="full-text-links">
|
||
<div class="full-view">
|
||
<h3 class="title">
|
||
Full text links
|
||
</h3>
|
||
<div class="full-text-links-list">
|
||
<a class="link-item
|
||
|
||
dialog-focus"
|
||
href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0196-6553(22)00061-X"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="noopener"
|
||
|
||
ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&is_pmc=False&PrId=3048&itool=Abstract-def&log$=linkouticon&uid=35908825&db=pubmed&nlmid=8004854"
|
||
title="See full text options at Elsevier Science"
|
||
|
||
data-ga-category="full_text"
|
||
data-ga-action="Elsevier Science"
|
||
data-ga-label="35908825"
|
||
><img src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/query/egifs/https:--linkinghub.elsevier.com-ihub-images-elsevieroa.png" alt="Elsevier Science full text link"><span class="text">
|
||
|
||
Elsevier Science
|
||
|
||
</span></a><a class="link-item
|
||
pmc
|
||
"
|
||
href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/35908825/"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="noopener"
|
||
|
||
ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&is_pmc=True&PrId=3494&itool=Abstract-def&log$=linkouticon&uid=35908825&db=pubmed&nlmid=8004854"
|
||
title="Free full text at PubMed Central"
|
||
|
||
data-ga-category="full_text"
|
||
data-ga-action="PMC"
|
||
data-ga-label="35908825"
|
||
><span class="text">
|
||
|
||
Free PMC article
|
||
|
||
</span></a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="short-view">
|
||
<a href="#" class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger">
|
||
Full text links
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="actions-buttons sidebar"><h3 class="title">Actions</h3><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger"
|
||
aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="cite"
|
||
data-ga-label="open"
|
||
data-all-citations-url="/35908825/citations/"
|
||
data-citation-style="nlm"
|
||
data-pubmed-format-link="/35908825/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><link type="text/css" href="ncbi-overlay-block/src/overlay-block.css"><div class="collections-button-container" data-article-id="35908825" data-article-db="pubmed"><button class="collections-button collections-dialog-trigger"
|
||
aria-label="Save article in MyNCBI collections."
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_button"
|
||
data-collections-open-dialog-enabled="false"
|
||
data-collections-open-dialog-url="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F35908825%2F%23open-collections-dialog"
|
||
data-in-collections="false"><span class="button-label">Collections</span></button><div class="overlay" role="dialog"><div id="collections-action-dialog"
|
||
class="dialog collections-dialog"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"><div class="title">Add to Collections</div><div class="collections-action-panel action-panel"><form id="collections-action-dialog-form"
|
||
class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
|
||
data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/"
|
||
data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/"
|
||
data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/"
|
||
data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100"
|
||
data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/"><input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="TG9NXOXWtzkr9HJ1A1mxsK1KSVGuXQLxatTSAEqi3a7V38PRdkZzWSxoqZoGQrjR"><div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup"><ul class="radio-group-items"><li><input type="radio"
|
||
id="collections-action-dialog-new"
|
||
class="collections-new"
|
||
name="collections"
|
||
value="new"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_radio_new"><label for="collections-action-dialog-new">Create a new collection</label></li><li><input type="radio"
|
||
id="collections-action-dialog-existing"
|
||
class="collections-existing"
|
||
name="collections"
|
||
value="existing"
|
||
checked="true"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing"><label for="collections-action-dialog-existing">Add to an existing collection</label></li></ul></div><div class="controls-wrapper"><div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Name your collection:
|
||
</label><input
|
||
type="text"
|
||
name="add-to-new-collection"
|
||
id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new"
|
||
class="collections-action-add-to-new"
|
||
pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"
|
||
maxlength="100"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="create_collection"
|
||
data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"><div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Name must be less than 100 characters
|
||
</div></div><div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Choose a collection:
|
||
</label><select id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing"
|
||
class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="select_collection"
|
||
data-ga-label="($('.collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"></select><div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Unable to load your collection due to an error<br><a href="#">Please try again</a></div></div></div><div class="action-panel-actions"><button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Adding..."
|
||
data-pinger-ignore
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="add">
|
||
Add
|
||
</button><button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="collections-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button></div></form></div></div></div></div><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger"
|
||
title="Open dialog with more actions to take"
|
||
ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" data-format-key="format"
|
||
data-default-format-value="abstract"
|
||
data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"><button
|
||
class="trigger usa-button"
|
||
title="Change format"
|
||
data-ga-category="display_options"
|
||
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Of masks and methylene blue-The use of methylene blue photochemical treatment to decontaminate surgical masks contaminated with a tenacious small nonenveloped norovirus
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data-ga-label="Etienne Thiry">Etienne Thiry</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Veterinary Virology and Animal Viral Diseases, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, FARAH Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Liège University, Liège, Belgium. Electronic address: etienne.thiry@uliege.be." href="#full-view-affiliation-6" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
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6
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><sup class="key">1</sup> Veterinary Virology and Animal Viral Diseases, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, FARAH Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Liège University, Liège, Belgium.</li>
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Of masks and methylene blue-The use of methylene blue photochemical treatment to decontaminate surgical masks contaminated with a tenacious small nonenveloped norovirus
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Affiliations
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|
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<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-1"
|
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id="short-view-affiliation-1"
|
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><sup class="key">1</sup> Veterinary Virology and Animal Viral Diseases, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, FARAH Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Liège University, Liège, Belgium.</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-2"
|
||
id="short-view-affiliation-2"
|
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><sup class="key">2</sup> Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive Northwest, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Alberta, Canada.</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-3"
|
||
id="short-view-affiliation-3"
|
||
><sup class="key">3</sup> Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-4"
|
||
id="short-view-affiliation-4"
|
||
><sup class="key">4</sup> Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA.</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-5"
|
||
id="short-view-affiliation-5"
|
||
><sup class="key">5</sup> TERRA Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium.</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-6"
|
||
id="short-view-affiliation-6"
|
||
><sup class="key">6</sup> Veterinary Virology and Animal Viral Diseases, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, FARAH Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Liège University, Liège, Belgium. Electronic address: etienne.thiry@uliege.be.</li>
|
||
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|
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<span class="identifier pubmed">
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PMID:
|
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<strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">35908825</strong>
|
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|
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PMCID:
|
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|
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|
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|
||
ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=PMC9329083&id_type=PMC"
|
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href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9329083/"
|
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data-ga-category="full_text"
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PMC9329083
|
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|
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<span class="identifier doi">
|
||
<span class="id-label">
|
||
|
||
DOI:
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
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|
||
|
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<a class="id-link"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="noopener"
|
||
ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=10.1016/j.ajic.2022.01.024&id_type=DOI"
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href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2022.01.024"
|
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data-ga-category="full_text"
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data-ga-action="DOI"
|
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>
|
||
10.1016/j.ajic.2022.01.024
|
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ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" data-format-key="format"
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</span><select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="inline-actions-display-format"><option value="abstract">Abstract</option><option value="pubmed">PubMed</option><option value="pmid">PMID</option></select></div></div></div></div></div></div>
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Abstract
|
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<p>
|
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<strong class="sub-title">
|
||
Background:
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
In the context of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, reuse of personal protective equipment, specifically that of medical face coverings, has been recommended. The reuse of these typically single-use only items necessitates procedures to inactivate contaminating human respiratory and gastrointestinal pathogens. We previously demonstrated decontamination of surgical masks and respirators contaminated with infectious SARS-CoV-2 and various animal coronaviruses via low concentration- and short exposure methylene blue photochemical treatment (10 µM methylene blue, 30 minutes of 12,500-lux red light or 50,000 lux white light exposure).
|
||
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|
||
|
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|
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|
||
|
||
<strong class="sub-title">
|
||
Methods:
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
Here, we describe the adaptation of this protocol to the decontamination of a more resistant, non-enveloped gastrointestinal virus and demonstrate efficient photodynamic inactivation of murine norovirus, a human norovirus surrogate.
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
|
||
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||
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|
||
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|
||
<p>
|
||
|
||
<strong class="sub-title">
|
||
Results:
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
Methylene blue photochemical treatment (100 µM methylene blue, 30 minutes of 12,500-lux red light exposure) of murine norovirus-contaminated masks reduced infectious viral titers by over four orders of magnitude on surgical mask surfaces.
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
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||
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||
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||
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<p>
|
||
|
||
<strong class="sub-title">
|
||
Discussion and conclusions:
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
Inactivation of a norovirus, the most difficult to inactivate of the respiratory and gastrointestinal human viruses, can predict the inactivation of any less resistant viral mask contaminant. The protocol developed here thus solidifies the position of methylene blue photochemical decontamination as an important tool in the package of practical pandemic preparedness.
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
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||
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<p>
|
||
|
||
<strong class="sub-title">
|
||
Keywords:
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
Equitable decontamination; Large enveloped virus; Light activation; Personal protective equipment; Photosensitiser; Singlet oxygen; Small nonenveloped virus.
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
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</div>
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||
|
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<p class="copyright" id="copyright">
|
||
Copyright © 2022 Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. All rights reserved.
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p class="disclaimer" id="disclaimer">
|
||
<a href="/disclaimer/" target="_blank" data-ga-category="literature_resources"
|
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data-ga-action="disclaimer_link" data-ga-label="under_abstract">PubMed Disclaimer</a>
|
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</p>
|
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|
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|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figures" id="figures">
|
||
<h2 class="title">
|
||
Figures
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
<div class="figures-list" id="slides-container"
|
||
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||
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|
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|
||
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|
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|
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id="article-image-0"
|
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src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c32f/9329083/cc6f3775fae5/gr1_lrg.gif"
|
||
alt="Fig 1" />
|
||
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|
||
|
||
|
||
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||
|
||
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||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Fig 1 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Validation of the previously established… </p></div>
|
||
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||
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||
|
||
|
||
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|
||
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|
||
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|
||
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Fig 1 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Validation of the previously established methylene blue (MB) photochemical treatment protocol using an… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-0" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
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||
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||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
Fig 1
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Validation of the previously established methylene blue (MB) photochemical treatment protocol using an enveloped animal coronavirus (left panel) and evaluation of its efficacy in inactivating a small non-enveloped norovirus (right panel). Porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV) - or murine norovirus (MNV) - inoculated surgical mask coupons remained untreated (c+) or were treated with a 10 µM MB solution and exposed to a 12,500-lux red light source (light box) for 30 min (MBL). The infectivity of PRCV recovered from surgical mask coupons (n = 3) was analyzed in swine testicular cells. The infectivity of MNV recovered from mask coupons (n = 9) was analyzed in RAW 264.7 cells. Values for positive controls (MB-untreated, but light box-exposed) ranged between 5.80 and 6.63 log<sub>10</sub> TCID<sub>50</sub>/mL (PRCV) 5.05 and 6.05 log<sub>10</sub>TCID<sub>50</sub>/mL (MNV). The cell culture limit of detection (LOD) was 0.80 log<sub>10</sub> TCID<sub>50</sub>/mL for all analyses. Means log<sub>10</sub> TCID<sub>50</sub>/mL and standard deviations are represented. P-values were computed by using a two-sided independent sample t-test (where ****<i>P</i> < 0.0001).</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
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|
||
|
||
|
||
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|
||
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|
||
<a class="figure-link"
|
||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c32f/9329083/aa00b362beeb/gr2_lrg.jpg"
|
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|
||
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|
||
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|
||
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|
||
data-image-height="172"
|
||
data-image-alt="Fig 2"
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC9329083"
|
||
data-figure-id="fig0002">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-1"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c32f/9329083/132565f38bb4/gr2_lrg.gif"
|
||
alt="Fig 2" />
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
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|
||
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="172">
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||
|
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||
|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Fig 2 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Evaluation of concentration- and time-dependent… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
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|
||
|
||
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Fig 2 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Evaluation of concentration- and time-dependent virucidal kinetics of methylene blue (MB) photochemical treatment… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-1" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
Fig 2
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Evaluation of concentration- and time-dependent virucidal kinetics of methylene blue (MB) photochemical treatment on murine norovirus (MNV) <i>in vitro</i>. Murine norovirus was mixed with different MB concentrations in microplates and was exposed to a 12,500-lux red light source (light box) for varying amounts of time (0, 30, 60, 90, 120 minutes). The infectivity of surviving MNV recovered from microplate wells was then analysed in RAW 264.7 cells. The cell culture limit of detection (LOD) was 0.80, 1.8, and 2.8 log<sub>10</sub> TCID<sub>50</sub>/mL for 10 µM MB, 100 µM MB, and 1,000 µM MB concentrations, respectively. All assays were performed as technical duplicates (n = 2). Means log<sub>10</sub> TCID<sub>50</sub>/mL and standard deviations are represented. Values for positive controls (MB-untreated, but light box-exposed MNV) ranged between 4.80 and 5.30 log<sub>10</sub> TCID<sub>50</sub>/mL.</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="figure-item "
|
||
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
|
||
itemprop="associatedMedia"
|
||
data-slide-index="2"
|
||
data-label-slug="fig-3">
|
||
<a class="figure-link"
|
||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c32f/9329083/431c04b6f0e6/gr3_lrg.jpg"
|
||
itemprop="contentUrl"
|
||
aria-describedby="figure-caption-2"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-image-width="777"
|
||
data-image-height="494"
|
||
data-image-alt="Fig 3"
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC9329083"
|
||
data-figure-id="fig0003">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-2"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c32f/9329083/300dab932baa/gr3_lrg.gif"
|
||
alt="Fig 3" />
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="777">
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||
|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Fig 3 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Evaluation of concentration- and longer… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
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|
||
|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Fig 3 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Evaluation of concentration- and longer exposure time-dependent virucidal kinetics of methylene blue (MB)… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-2" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
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||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
Fig 3
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Evaluation of concentration- and longer exposure time-dependent virucidal kinetics of methylene blue (MB) photochemical treatment on murine norovirus (MNV) <i>in vitro</i>. Murine norovirus was mixed with different MB concentrations in microplates and was exposed to a 12,500-lux red light source (light box) for varying amounts of time (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 hours). The infectivity of surviving MNV recovered from microplate wells was then analysed in RAW 264.7 cells. The cell culture limit of detection (LOD) was 1.8, and 2.8 log<sub>10</sub> TCID<sub>50</sub>/mL for 100 µM MB and 1,000 µM MB concentrations, respectively. All assays were performed as biological triplicates and technical duplicates (n = 6). Means log<sub>10</sub> TCID<sub>50</sub>/mL and standard deviations are represented. Values for positive controls (MB-untreated, but light box-exposed MNV) ranged between 5.69 and 6.19 log<sub>10</sub> TCID<sub>50</sub>/mL.</div>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Evaluation of concentration- and time-dependent… </p></div>
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<p> Fig 4 </p>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Evaluation of concentration- and time-dependent virucidal kinetics of methylene blue (MB) photochemical treatment… </p></div>
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Fig 4
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<div class="figure-caption-contents">Evaluation of concentration- and time-dependent virucidal kinetics of methylene blue (MB) photochemical treatment on murine norovirus (MNV) – inoculated surgical masks. Murine norovirus-inoculated masks were treated with 100 µM or ,1000 µM MB concentrations and subsequently exposed to a 12,500-lux red light source (light box) for varying amounts of time (0, 2, 3, 4 hrs). The infectivity of surviving MNV recovered from surgical mask coupons was analyzed in RAW 264.7 cells. The cell culture limits of detection (LOD) were 0.8 and 1.8 log<sub>10</sub> TCID<sub>50</sub>/mL for 100 µM and 1,000 µM MB concentrations, respectively. All assays were performed as biological triplicates (n = 3). Means log<sub>10</sub> TCID<sub>50</sub>/mL and standard deviations are represented. Values for positive controls (MB-untreated, but light box-exposed MNV) ranged between 4.90 and 5.71 log<sub>10</sub> TCID<sub>50</sub>/mL.</div>
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data-pmc-id="PMC9329083"
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data-figure-id="fig0005">
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src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c32f/9329083/f2559df9c2d2/gr5_lrg.gif"
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<p> Fig 5 </p>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Evaluation of methylene blue (MB)… </p></div>
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<p> Fig 5 </p>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Evaluation of methylene blue (MB) photochemical treatment on murine norovirus (MNV) – inoculated… </p></div>
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Fig 5
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||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Evaluation of methylene blue (MB) photochemical treatment on murine norovirus (MNV) – inoculated surgical masks. The infectivity of MNV recovered from mask coupons treated with 100 µM MB and subsequently exposed to a 12,500-lux red light source (light box) for 30 minutes was analysed in RAW 264.7 cells. The cell culture limit of detection (LOD) was 0.8 log10 TCID<sub>50</sub>/mL. All assays were performed as biological quadruplicates and technical triplicates (n = 12). Means log<sub>10</sub> TCID<sub>50</sub>/mL and standard deviations are represented. Values for positive controls (MB-untreated, but light box-exposed MNV) ranged between 5.80 and 6.05 TCID<sub>50</sub>/mL. <i>P</i>-values were computed by using a two-sided independent sample t-test (where ****<i>P</i> < 0.0001).</div>
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<p> Fig 6 </p>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Evaluation of methylene blue (MB)… </p></div>
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<p> Fig 6 </p>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Evaluation of methylene blue (MB) photochemical treatment on murine norovirus (MNV) – inoculated… </p></div>
|
||
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||
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</div>
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Fig 6
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||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Evaluation of methylene blue (MB) photochemical treatment on murine norovirus (MNV) – inoculated surgical masks. The infectivity of MNV recovered from mask coupons treated with 100 µM MB and subsequently exposed for 15 min to a 12,500-lux red light source (light box) was analysed in RAW 264.7 cells. The cell culture limit of detection (LOD) was 0.8 log<sub>10</sub> TCID<sub>50</sub>/mL. All assays were performed as biological and technical triplicates (n = 9). The left panel represents a summary analysis of all obtained values. The right panel shows results for individual masks (n = 3) and illustrates the varying decontamination efficacies of this protocol. Means log<sub>10</sub> TCID<sub>50</sub>/mL and standard deviations are represented. Values for positive controls (MB-untreated, but light box-exposed MNV) ranged between 5.05 and 6.55 TCID<sub>50</sub>/mL. P-values were computed by using a 2-sided independent sample t-test (where ****<i>P</i> < 0.0001).</div>
|
||
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<span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">Infect Prev Pract. 2021.</span>
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World Health Organization (WHO) Rational use of personal protective equipment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Who. 2020;2019:1–7.
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Implementing filtering facepiece respirator (FFR) reuse, including reuse after decontamination, when there are known shortages of N95 respirators. Centers Dis Control Prev. 2020 <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/ppe-strategy/decontamination-reuse-respirators.html" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank" title="External link: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/ppe-strategy/decontamination-reuse-respirators.html">https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/ppe-strategy/decontaminati...</a> Accessed October 6, 2020.
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Enforcement Policy for Face Masks and Respirators During the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Public Health Emergency Guidance for Industry and Food and Drug Administration Staff - revised on 4/3/2020 Less Information; Author(s): CDRH; Accessed February 24, 2022. <a href="https://www.regulations.gov/document/FDA-2020-D-1138-0013" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank" title="External link: https://www.regulations.gov/document/FDA-2020-D-1138-0013">https://www.regulations.gov/document/FDA-2020-D-1138-0013</a>
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Croke L. Preparing for the next infectious disease pandemic. AORN J. 2020;112:P12–P14.
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ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-search-term=""Animals"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
||
data-ga-label=""Animals"[MeSH]"
|
||
href="#">
|
||
Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword COVID-19 / prevention & control"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-1"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
COVID-19 / prevention & control
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-1"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword COVID-19 / prevention & control"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22COVID-19%2Fprevention+and+control%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22COVID-19%2Fprevention+and+control%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="COVID-19/prevention and control"[MeSH]"
|
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data-ga-category="search"
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data-ga-action="mesh_term"
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data-ga-label="COVID-19 / prevention & control">
|
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Search in PubMed
|
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</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
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href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=COVID-19"
|
||
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
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data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
|
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data-ga-label="COVID-19 / prevention & control">
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Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
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ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
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role="button"
|
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data-search-term=""COVID-19/prevention and control"[MeSH]"
|
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data-ga-category="search"
|
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data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
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data-ga-label=""COVID-19/prevention and control"[MeSH]"
|
||
href="#">
|
||
Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Decontamination* / methods"
|
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tabindex="0"
|
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aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-2"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
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Decontamination* / methods
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-2"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Decontamination* / methods"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Decontamination%2Fmethods%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
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data-href="/?term=%22Decontamination%2Fmethods%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Decontamination/methods"[MAJR]"
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data-ga-category="search"
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data-ga-action="mesh_term"
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data-ga-label="Decontamination* / methods">
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Search in PubMed
|
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</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
||
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Decontamination"
|
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data-ga-category="search_mesh"
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data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
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data-ga-label="Decontamination* / methods">
|
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Search in MeSH
|
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</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
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ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
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role="button"
|
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data-search-term=""Decontamination/methods"[MAJR]"
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data-ga-category="search"
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data-ga-action="add_to_search"
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data-ga-label=""Decontamination/methods"[MAJR]"
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href="#">
|
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Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Equipment Reuse"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
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aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-3"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Equipment Reuse
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-3"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Equipment Reuse"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Equipment+Reuse%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
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data-href="/?term=%22Equipment+Reuse%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Equipment Reuse"[MeSH]"
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data-ga-category="search"
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data-ga-action="mesh_term"
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data-ga-label="Equipment Reuse">
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Search in PubMed
|
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</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
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ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
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href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Equipment+Reuse"
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data-ga-category="search_mesh"
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data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
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data-ga-label="Equipment Reuse">
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Search in MeSH
|
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</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
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ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
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role="button"
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data-search-term=""Equipment Reuse"[MeSH]"
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data-ga-category="search"
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data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
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data-ga-label=""Equipment Reuse"[MeSH]"
|
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href="#">
|
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Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Humans"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-4"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Humans
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-4"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Humans"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Humans%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
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data-href="/?term=%22Humans%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Humans"[MeSH]"
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data-ga-category="search"
|
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data-ga-action="mesh_term"
|
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data-ga-label="Humans">
|
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Search in PubMed
|
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</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
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ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
||
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Humans"
|
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data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
|
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data-ga-label="Humans">
|
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Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
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ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
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role="button"
|
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data-search-term=""Humans"[MeSH]"
|
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data-ga-category="search"
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data-ga-action="add_to_search"
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data-ga-label=""Humans"[MeSH]"
|
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href="#">
|
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Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Masks* / virology"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
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aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-5"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Masks* / virology
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-5"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Masks* / virology"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Masks%2Fvirology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Masks%2Fvirology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Masks/virology"[MAJR]"
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data-ga-category="search"
|
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data-ga-action="mesh_term"
|
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data-ga-label="Masks* / virology">
|
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Search in PubMed
|
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</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
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ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
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href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Masks"
|
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data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
|
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data-ga-label="Masks* / virology">
|
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Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
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role="button"
|
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data-search-term=""Masks/virology"[MAJR]"
|
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data-ga-category="search"
|
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data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
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data-ga-label=""Masks/virology"[MAJR]"
|
||
href="#">
|
||
Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Methylene Blue* / toxicity"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-6"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Methylene Blue* / toxicity
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-6"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Methylene Blue* / toxicity"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Methylene+Blue%2Ftoxicity%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Methylene+Blue%2Ftoxicity%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Methylene Blue/toxicity"[MAJR]"
|
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data-ga-category="search"
|
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data-ga-action="mesh_term"
|
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data-ga-label="Methylene Blue* / toxicity">
|
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Search in PubMed
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
||
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Methylene+Blue"
|
||
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
|
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data-ga-label="Methylene Blue* / toxicity">
|
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Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
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role="button"
|
||
data-search-term=""Methylene Blue/toxicity"[MAJR]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
||
data-ga-label=""Methylene Blue/toxicity"[MAJR]"
|
||
href="#">
|
||
Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Mice"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-7"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Mice
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-7"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Mice"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Mice%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Mice%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Mice"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
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data-ga-action="mesh_term"
|
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data-ga-label="Mice">
|
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Search in PubMed
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
||
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Mice"
|
||
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
|
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data-ga-label="Mice">
|
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Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
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role="button"
|
||
data-search-term=""Mice"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
||
data-ga-label=""Mice"[MeSH]"
|
||
href="#">
|
||
Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Norovirus*"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-8"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Norovirus*
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-8"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Norovirus*"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Norovirus%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Norovirus%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Norovirus"[MAJR]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
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data-ga-action="mesh_term"
|
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data-ga-label="Norovirus*">
|
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Search in PubMed
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
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ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
||
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Norovirus"
|
||
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
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data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
|
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data-ga-label="Norovirus*">
|
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Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
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role="button"
|
||
data-search-term=""Norovirus"[MAJR]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
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data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
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data-ga-label=""Norovirus"[MAJR]"
|
||
href="#">
|
||
Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword SARS-CoV-2"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-9"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
SARS-CoV-2
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-9"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword SARS-CoV-2"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22SARS-CoV-2%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22SARS-CoV-2%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="SARS-CoV-2"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
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data-ga-action="mesh_term"
|
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data-ga-label="SARS-CoV-2">
|
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Search in PubMed
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
||
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=SARS-CoV-2"
|
||
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
|
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data-ga-label="SARS-CoV-2">
|
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Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
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role="button"
|
||
data-search-term=""SARS-CoV-2"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
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data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
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data-ga-label=""SARS-CoV-2"[MeSH]"
|
||
href="#">
|
||
Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li></ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="substances" class="substances keywords-section">
|
||
<h2 class="title">
|
||
Substances
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
<ul class="keywords-list"><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Methylene Blue"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
aria-controls="keyword-actions-substances-0"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Methylene Blue
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-0"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Methylene Blue"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Methylene+Blue%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Methylene+Blue%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&keyword="Methylene Blue"[nm]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="substance"
|
||
data-ga-label="Methylene Blue">
|
||
Search in PubMed
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
||
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=%22Methylene+Blue%22"
|
||
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
||
data-ga-action="substance_link"
|
||
data-ga-label="Methylene Blue">
|
||
Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-search-term=""Methylene Blue"[nm]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
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data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
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data-ga-label=""Methylene Blue"[nm]"
|
||
href="#">
|
||
Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li></ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="related-links" class="related-links">
|
||
<h2 class="title">
|
||
Related information
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
<ul class="related-links-list"><li><a title="Related PubChem Compound via MeSH" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pccompound?linkname=pubmed_pccompound_mesh&from_uid=35908825"
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