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<meta name="description" content="The C-natriuretic peptide (CNP) analog vosoritide has recently been approved for treatment of achondroplasia in children. However, the regimen requires daily subcutaneous injections in pediatric patients over multiple years. The present work sought to develop a long-acting CNP that would provide eff …"><meta name="keywords" content="pmid:35858423, PMC9335275, doi:10.1073/pnas.2201067119, Eric L Schneider, Christopher W Carreras, Daniel V Santi, Achondroplasia* / drug therapy, Animals, Child, Delayed-Action Preparations, Drug Development*, Humans, Hydrogels / chemistry, Injections, Subcutaneous, Mice, Microspheres, Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type* / administration &amp; dosage, Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type* / analogs &amp; derivatives, Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type* / chemical synthesis, Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type* / pharmacokinetics, PubMed Abstract, NIH, NLM, NCBI, National Institutes of Health, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, MEDLINE"><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive"><meta property="og:title" content="A long-acting C-natriuretic peptide for achondroplasia - PubMed"><meta property="og:url" content="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35858423/"><meta property="og:description" content="The C-natriuretic peptide (CNP) analog vosoritide has recently been approved for treatment of achondroplasia in children. However, the regimen requires daily subcutaneous injections in pediatric patients over multiple years. The present work sought to develop a long-acting CNP that would provide eff …"><meta property="og:image" content="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/persistent/pubmed-meta-image-v2.jpg"><meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/persistent/pubmed-meta-image-v2.jpg"><meta property="og:type" content="website"><meta property="og:site_name" content="PubMed"><meta name="twitter:domain" content="pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><meta name="twitter:title" content="A long-acting C-natriuretic peptide for achondroplasia - PubMed"><meta name="twitter:url" content="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35858423/"><meta name="twitter:description" content="The C-natriuretic peptide (CNP) analog vosoritide has recently been approved for treatment of achondroplasia in children. However, the regimen requires daily subcutaneous injections in pediatric patients over multiple years. The present work sought to develop a long-acting CNP that would provide eff …"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/persistent/pubmed-meta-image-v2.jpg">
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<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label for="email-citation-format" class="action-panel-label">
Format:
</label>
<select id="email-citation-format" name="citation-format" class="action-panel-selector email-citation-format">
<option selected="selected" value="summary">Summary</option>
<option value="summary-text">Summary (text)</option>
<option value="abstract">Abstract</option>
<option value="abstract-text">Abstract (text)</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="include-supplemental-container">
<input type="checkbox" aria-label="Include MeSH and other data" name="include-supplemental" id="email-include-supplemental" class="email-include-supplemental">
<label for="email-include-supplemental" class="email-include-supplemental-label">MeSH and other data</label>
</div>
<div class="form-field recaptcha ">
<div class="g-recaptcha" id="id-recaptcha" data-sitekey="6LfsWHMdAAAAAClKbtOpjQ2pMjgsGxvv7NdZW9uI"></div>
</div>
<div id="captcha-error-message" class="usa-input-error-message captcha-validation-message" role="alert"></div>
<div class="action-panel-actions">
<button class="action-panel-submit"
type="submit"
data-loading-label="Sending..."
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="email"
data-ga-label="send">
Send email
</button>
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
aria-label="Close 'Email citations' panel"
ref="linksrc=close_email_panel"
aria-controls="email-action-panel"
aria-expanded="false"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="email"
data-ga-label="cancel">
Cancel
</button>
</div>
<input type="hidden" name="email-search-details" value="" />
<input type="hidden" name="email-search-details-hash" value="0e42663a6c3bd85498fcb88798998fed7bfdc45d457db35281e41afe13cc0524" />
</form>
</div>
</div>
<div id="collections-action-panel"
class="collections-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel"
aria-hidden="true"
data-collections-open-panel-enabled="false"
data-collections-open-panel-url-hash="#open-collections-panel">
<div class="inner-wrap">
<h3 class="action-panel-heading">
Add to Collections
</h3>
<form id="collections-action-panel-form"
class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/"
data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/"
data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/"
data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/"
data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100"
data-add-to-collection-max-amount="1000"
data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/">
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="4LMQymsAtY4fA1LXQCwImFeDLKkdiyNClywVbcVW3zRJusRNtV9KQNKhjO2pb9lW">
<div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup">
<ul class="radio-group-items">
<li>
<input type="radio"
id="collections-action-panel-new"
class="collections-new"
name="collections"
value="new"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="collections"
data-ga-label="collections_radio_new">
<label for="collections-action-panel-new">Create a new collection</label>
</li>
<li>
<input type="radio"
id="collections-action-panel-existing"
class="collections-existing"
name="collections"
value="existing"
checked="true"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="collections"
data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing">
<label for="collections-action-panel-existing">Add to an existing collection</label>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="controls-wrapper">
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls">
<label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
Name your collection:
</label>
<input
type="text"
name="add-to-new-collection"
id="collections-action-panel-add-to-new"
class="collections-action-add-to-new"
pattern="[^&quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: &quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;/"
maxlength="100"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="create_collection"
data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection">
<div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
Name must be less than 100 characters
</div>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls">
<label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label">
Choose a collection:
</label>
<select id="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing"
class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="select_collection"
data-ga-label="($('#collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'">
</select>
<div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
Unable to load your collection due to an error<br>
<a href="#">Please try again</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-actions">
<button class="action-panel-submit"
type="submit"
data-loading-label="Adding..."
data-pinger-ignore
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="collections"
data-ga-label="add">
Add
</button>
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel"
ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel"
aria-controls="collections-action-panel"
aria-expanded="false"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="collections"
data-ga-label="cancel">
Cancel
</button>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
<div id="bibliography-action-panel"
class="bibliography-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel"
aria-hidden="true"
data-bibliography-open-panel-enabled="false"
data-bibliography-open-panel-url-hash="#open-bibliography-panel">
<div class="inner-wrap">
<h3 class="action-panel-heading">
Add to My Bibliography
</h3>
<form id="bibliography-action-panel-form"
class="bibliography-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
data-add-to-bibliography-max-amount="100"
data-add-to-bibliography-batch-size="10"
data-bibliography-delegates-url="/list-bibliography-delegates/"
data-add-to-bibliography-url="/add-to-bibliography/"
data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/"
data-mybib-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/mybibliography/">
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="4LMQymsAtY4fA1LXQCwImFeDLKkdiyNClywVbcVW3zRJusRNtV9KQNKhjO2pb9lW">
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap bibliographies-controls">
<div class="choice-group">
<ul class="bibliographies-action-add radio-group-items">
<li>
<input name="bibliography" id="my-bibliography" class="my-bibliography" type="radio" checked/>
<label for="my-bibliography">My Bibliography</label>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="bibliographies-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
Unable to load your delegates due to an error<br>
<a href="#">Please try again</a>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-actions">
<button class="action-panel-submit"
type="submit"
data-loading-label="Adding..."
data-pinger-ignore>
Add
</button>
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
aria-label="Close 'Add to bibliography' panel"
ref="linksrc=close_bibliography_panel"
aria-controls="bibliography-action-panel"
aria-expanded="false"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="mybib"
data-ga-label="cancel">
Cancel
</button>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
<div id="saved-search-action-panel" class="saved-search-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true"
data-saved-search-open-panel-enabled="false"
data-saved-search-open-panel-url-hash="#open-saved-search-panel">
<div class="inner-wrap">
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
Your saved search
</h2>
<form id="saved-search-action-panel-form"
class="saved-search-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form"
data-create-saved-search-url="/create-saved-search/"
data-try-search-terms-url="/try-search-term/"
data-saved-search-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/searches/">
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="4LMQymsAtY4fA1LXQCwImFeDLKkdiyNClywVbcVW3zRJusRNtV9KQNKhjO2pb9lW">
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label for="saved-search-name" class="action-panel-label saved-search-name-label required-field-asterisk">
Name of saved search:
</label>
<input maxlength="200"
type="text"
name="saved-search-name"
id="saved-search-name"
class="saved-search-name"
value=""
required
pattern="[^&quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: &quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;/">
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label for="saved-search-term" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
Search terms:
</label>
<textarea name="saved-search-term" id="saved-search-term" class="saved-search-term" required></textarea>
</div>
<div class="test-search-term-wrap">
<a href="#" class="try-search-term">Test search terms</a>
</div>
<div class="choice-group action-panel-extra-margin-top">
<span class="action-panel-label" id="fieldset-label">
Would you like email updates of new search results?
</span>
<fieldset id="saved-search-alert" aria-describedby="fieldset-label">
<legend class="usa-sr-only">Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons</legend>
<ul class="radio-group-items">
<li>
<input type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-yes" class="saved-search-alert-yes" name="saved-search-alert" value="yes" checked>
<label for="saved-search-alert-yes" class="action-panel-label">Yes</label>
</li>
<li>
<input aria-label="No radio input" type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-no" class="saved-search-alert-no" name="saved-search-alert" value="no">
<label for="saved-search-alert-no" class="action-panel-label">No</label>
</li>
</ul>
</fieldset>
</div>
<div class="alert-schedule-wrap">
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label class="action-panel-label">
Email:
</label>
<span aria-label="Email address" id="saved-search-email" class="action-panel-label"><span class="action-panel-label-bold"></span> (<a class="myncbi-account-settings" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/">change</a>)</span>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top">
<label for="saved-search-frequency" class="action-panel-label">
Frequency:
</label>
<select id="saved-search-frequency" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-frequency">
<option value="monthly">Monthly</option>
<option value="weekly">Weekly</option>
<option value="daily">Daily</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-monthly-additional">
<label for="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="action-panel-label">
Which day?
</label>
<select id="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector">
<option value="Sunday">The first Sunday</option>
<option value="Monday">The first Monday</option>
<option value="Tuesday">The first Tuesday</option>
<option value="Wednesday">The first Wednesday</option>
<option value="Thursday">The first Thursday</option>
<option value="Friday">The first Friday</option>
<option value="Saturday">The first Saturday</option>
<option value="day">The first day</option>
<option value="weekday">The first weekday</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-weekly-additional">
<label for="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="action-panel-label">
Which day?
</label>
<select id="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-weekly-on-day">
<option value="Sunday">Sunday</option>
<option value="Monday">Monday</option>
<option value="Tuesday">Tuesday</option>
<option value="Wednesday">Wednesday</option>
<option value="Thursday">Thursday</option>
<option value="Friday">Friday</option>
<option value="Saturday">Saturday</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label for="saved-search-report" class="action-panel-label">
Report format:
</label>
<select id="saved-search-report" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-report">
<option value="DocSum">Summary</option>
<option value="DocSumText">Summary (text)</option>
<option value="Abstract">Abstract</option>
<option value="AbstractText">Abstract (text)</option>
<option value="MEDLINE">PubMed</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label for="saved-search-amount" class="action-panel-label">
Send at most:
</label>
<select id="saved-search-amount" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-amount">
<option value="1">1 item</option>
<option value="5" selected>5 items</option>
<option value="10">10 items</option>
<option value="20">20 items</option>
<option value="50">50 items</option>
<option value="100">100 items</option>
<option value="200">200 items</option>
</select>
</div>
<div>
<input type="checkbox" id="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="saved-search-send-if-no-result" name="saved-search-send-if-no-result">
<label for="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="action-panel-label smaller-checkbox">
Send even when there aren't any new results
</label>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap option-text-in-email-wrap">
<label for="saved-search-email-text" class="action-panel-label">
Optional text in email:
</label>
<textarea name="saved-search-email-text"
id="saved-search-email-text"
class="saved-search-email-text"></textarea>
</div>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-actions">
<button class="action-panel-submit"
type="submit"
data-loading-label="Saving..."
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="alert"
data-ga-label="save">
Save
</button>
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
aria-label="Close 'Your saved search' panel"
ref="linksrc=close_saved_search_panel"
aria-controls="saved-search-action-panel"
aria-expanded="false"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="alert"
data-ga-label="cancel">
Cancel
</button>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
<div id="citation-manager-action-panel" class="citation-manager-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="inner-wrap">
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
Create a file for external citation management software
</h2>
<form id="citation-manager-action-panel-form"
class="action-panel-content action-form"
action="/results-export-ids/"
data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/"
data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/"
method="post"
data-by-search-method="post"
data-by-ids-method="post">
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="4LMQymsAtY4fA1LXQCwImFeDLKkdiyNClywVbcVW3zRJusRNtV9KQNKhjO2pb9lW">
<input name="results-format" type="hidden" value="pubmed"/>
<div class="action-panel-actions">
<button class="action-panel-submit"
type="submit"
data-loading-label="Sending..."
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="citation_manager"
data-ga-label="save">
Create file
</button>
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
aria-label="Close 'Send citations to citation manager' panel"
ref="linksrc=close_citation_manager_panel"
aria-controls="citation-manager-action-panel"
aria-expanded="false"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="citation_manager"
data-ga-label="cancel">
Cancel
</button>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
<div id="rss-action-panel" class="rss-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true">
<div class="inner-wrap">
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
Your RSS Feed
</h2>
<form id="rss-action-panel-form"
class="rss-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form"
data-create-rss-feed-url="/create-rss-feed-url/"
data-search-form-term-value="">
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="4LMQymsAtY4fA1LXQCwImFeDLKkdiyNClywVbcVW3zRJusRNtV9KQNKhjO2pb9lW">
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label for="rss-name" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
Name of RSS Feed:
</label>
<input maxlength="200"
placeholder="Name"
type="text"
name="rss-name"
id="rss-name"
class="rss-name"
value=''
required
pattern="[^&quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: &quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;/">
</div>
<div class="rss-limit-wrap">
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top">
<label for="rss-limit" class="action-panel-label">
Number of items displayed:
</label>
<select id="rss-limit" class="no-border-panel-selector rss-limit">
<option value="5">5</option>
<option value="10">10</option>
<option value="15" selected="selected">15</option>
<option value="20">20</option>
<option value="50">50</option>
<option value="100">100</option>
</select>
</div>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-actions">
<button class="action-panel-submit"
type="submit"
data-loading-label="Creating..."
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="alert"
data-ga-label="save">
Create RSS
</button>
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
aria-label="Close 'Your RSS' panel"
ref="linksrc=close_rss_panel"
aria-controls="rss-action-panel"
aria-expanded="false"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="alert"
data-ga-label="cancel">
Cancel
</button>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap rss-link-copy-wrap">
<label for="rss-link" class="usa-sr-only">RSS Link</label>
<input placeholder="Your RSS Feed Link" type="text" name="rss-link" id="rss-link" class="rss-link" title="RSS Link">
<button
type="button"
disabled
class="rss-link-copy-button disabled"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="rss"
data-ga-label="copy">
Copy
</button>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="article-page" id="article-page" data-article-pmid="35858423">
<aside class="page-sidebar">
<div class="inner-wrap">
<div class="full-text-links">
<div class="full-view">
<h3 class="title">
Full text links
</h3>
<div class="full-text-links-list">
<a class="link-item
dialog-focus"
href="https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2201067119?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&amp;rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&amp;rfr_dat=cr_pub 0pubmed"
target="_blank"
rel="noopener"
ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&amp;is_pmc=False&amp;PrId=4487&amp;itool=Abstract-def&amp;log$=linkouticon&amp;uid=35858423&amp;db=pubmed&amp;nlmid=7505876"
title="See full text options at Atypon"
data-ga-category="full_text"
data-ga-action="Atypon"
data-ga-label="35858423"
><img src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/query/egifs/https:--pnas.org-pb-assets-images-pubmed-pnas-pubmed-fulltext.png" alt="Atypon full text link"><span class="text">
Atypon
</span></a><a class="link-item
pmc
"
href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/35858423/"
target="_blank"
rel="noopener"
ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&amp;is_pmc=True&amp;PrId=3494&amp;itool=Abstract-def&amp;log$=linkouticon&amp;uid=35858423&amp;db=pubmed&amp;nlmid=7505876"
title="Free full text at PubMed Central"
data-ga-category="full_text"
data-ga-action="PMC"
data-ga-label="35858423"
><span class="text">
Free PMC article
</span></a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="short-view">
<a href="#" class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger">
Full text links
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="actions-buttons sidebar"><h3 class="title">Actions</h3><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger"
aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="cite"
data-ga-label="open"
data-all-citations-url="/35858423/citations/"
data-citation-style="nlm"
data-pubmed-format-link="/35858423/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><link type="text/css" href="ncbi-overlay-block/src/overlay-block.css"><div class="collections-button-container" data-article-id="35858423" data-article-db="pubmed"><button class="collections-button collections-dialog-trigger"
aria-label="Save article in MyNCBI collections."
data-ga-category="collections_button"
data-ga-action="click"
data-ga-label="collections_button"
data-collections-open-dialog-enabled="false"
data-collections-open-dialog-url="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F35858423%2F%23open-collections-dialog"
data-in-collections="false"><span class="button-label">Collections</span></button><div class="overlay" role="dialog"><div id="collections-action-dialog"
class="dialog collections-dialog"
aria-hidden="true"><div class="title">Add to Collections</div><div class="collections-action-panel action-panel"><form id="collections-action-dialog-form"
class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/"
data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/"
data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/"
data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100"
data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/"><input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="4LMQymsAtY4fA1LXQCwImFeDLKkdiyNClywVbcVW3zRJusRNtV9KQNKhjO2pb9lW"><div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup"><ul class="radio-group-items"><li><input type="radio"
id="collections-action-dialog-new"
class="collections-new"
name="collections"
value="new"
data-ga-category="collections_button"
data-ga-action="click"
data-ga-label="collections_radio_new"><label for="collections-action-dialog-new">Create a new collection</label></li><li><input type="radio"
id="collections-action-dialog-existing"
class="collections-existing"
name="collections"
value="existing"
checked="true"
data-ga-category="collections_button"
data-ga-action="click"
data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing"><label for="collections-action-dialog-existing">Add to an existing collection</label></li></ul></div><div class="controls-wrapper"><div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
Name your collection:
</label><input
type="text"
name="add-to-new-collection"
id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new"
class="collections-action-add-to-new"
pattern="[^&quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: &quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;/"
maxlength="100"
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Abstract
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<p>
The C-natriuretic peptide (CNP) analog vosoritide has recently been approved for treatment of achondroplasia in children. However, the regimen requires daily subcutaneous injections in pediatric patients over multiple years. The present work sought to develop a long-acting CNP that would provide efficacy equal to or greater than that of vosoritide but require less frequent injections. We used a technology for half-life extension, whereby a drug is attached to tetra-polyethylene glycol hydrogels (tetra-PEG) by β-eliminative linkers that cleave at predetermined rates. These hydrogels-fabricated as uniform 60-μm microspheres-are injected subcutaneously, where they serve as a stationary depot to slowly release the drug into the systemic circulation. We prepared a highly active, stable CNP analog-[Gln<sup>6,14</sup>]CNP-38-composed of the 38 C-terminal amino acids of human CNP-53 containing Asn to Gln substitutions to preclude degradative deamidation. Two microsphere [Gln<sup>6,14</sup>]CNP-38 conjugates were prepared, with release rates designed to allow once-weekly and once-monthly administration. After subcutaneous injection of the conjugates in mice, [Gln<sup>6,14</sup>]CNP-38 was slowly released into the systemic circulation and showed biphasic elimination pharmacokinetics with terminal half-lives of 200 and 600 h. Both preparations increased growth of mice comparable to or exceeding that produced by daily vosoritide. Simulations of the pharmacokinetics in humans indicated that plasma [Gln<sup>6,14</sup>]CNP-38 levels should be maintained within a therapeutic window over weekly, biweekly, and likely, monthly dosing intervals. Compared with vosoritide, which requires 30 injections per month, microsphere [Gln<sup>6,14</sup>]CNP-38 conjugates-especially the biweekly and monthly dosing-could provide an alternative that would be well accepted by physicians, patients, and patient caregivers.
</p>
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<p>
<strong class="sub-title">
Keywords:
</strong>
C-natriuretic peptide; achondroplasia; half-life extension; hydrogel microsphere.
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Conflict of interest statement
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<p xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:p1="http://pubmed.gov/pub-one">Competing interest statement: All authors are employees and hold options or stock in ProLynx.</p>
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Figures
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<p> Scheme 1. </p>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> β-eliminative drug release mechanism. Mod,… </p></div>
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<p> Scheme 1. </p>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> β-eliminative drug release mechanism. Mod, modulator. </p></div>
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Scheme 1.
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<div class="figure-caption-contents">β-eliminative drug release mechanism. Mod, modulator.</div>
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<p> Fig. 1. </p>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Sequences of CNP-38 (the natural… </p></div>
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<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> Fig. 1. </p>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Sequences of CNP-38 (the natural sequence in Transcon CNP), vosoritide, and stabilized [Gln… </p></div>
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<strong class="figure-label">
Fig. 1.
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<div class="figure-caption-contents">Sequences of CNP-38 (the natural sequence in Transcon CNP), vosoritide, and stabilized [Gln<sup>6,14</sup>]CNP-38. The cysteine residues in all sequences form a 17amino acid intramolecular disulfide bond. Shaded areas show amino acids in natural CNP.</div>
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<strong class="figure-label">
<p> Fig. 2. </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Potency of [Gln <sup> 6,14 </sup> ]CNP-38… </p></div>
</div>
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<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> Fig. 2. </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Potency of [Gln <sup> 6,14 </sup> ]CNP-38 in cell-based and growth assays. ( <i> A </i> )… </p></div>
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<figcaption id="figure-caption-2" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
<strong class="figure-label">
Fig. 2.
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<div class="figure-caption-contents">Potency of [Gln<sup>6,14</sup>]CNP-38 in cell-based and growth assays. (<i>A</i>) Stimulation of 3T3 cell guanylate cyclase by [Gln<sup>6,14</sup>]CNP-38 (<img class="formula-image" alt="formula image" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/9335275/bin/pnas.2201067119fig09.jpg"/>) and vosoritide (•). (<i>B</i>) Effects of [Gln<sup>6,14</sup>]CNP-38 and vosoritide on TBL (nasoanal + tail length) growth of 3-wk-old FVB/nJ male mice. Groups of 3-wk-old wild-type mice (<i>n</i> = 6) were given daily subcutaneous administrations of 70 nmol/kg CNP variants or vehicle for 5 wk. cGMP, cyclic guanosine monophosphate. ns, not significant.</div>
</figcaption>
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aria-describedby="figure-caption-3"
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data-image-alt="Scheme 2."
data-pmc-id="PMC9335275"
data-figure-id="fig08">
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
id="article-image-3"
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/bbaa/9335275/16f777faedd9/pnas.2201067119fig08.gif"
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<strong class="figure-label">
<p> Scheme 2. </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Synthesis of MS[Gln <sup> 6,14 </sup> ]CNP-38. </p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> Scheme 2. </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Synthesis of MS[Gln <sup> 6,14 </sup> ]CNP-38. </p></div>
</div>
<figcaption id="figure-caption-3" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
<strong class="figure-label">
Scheme 2.
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Synthesis of MS[Gln<sup>6,14</sup>]CNP-38.</div>
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data-image-alt="Fig. 3."
data-pmc-id="PMC9335275"
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<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
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<strong class="figure-label">
<p> Fig. 3. </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> C versus t plots of… </p></div>
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</div>
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> Fig. 3. </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> C versus t plots of [Gln <sup> 6,14 </sup> ]CNP-38 released from MS[Gln <sup> 6,14 </sup> ]CNP-38… </p></div>
</div>
<figcaption id="figure-caption-4" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
<strong class="figure-label">
Fig. 3.
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents">C versus t plots of [Gln<sup>6,14</sup>]CNP-38 released from MS[Gln<sup>6,14</sup>]CNP-38 in CD1 mice. (<i>A</i>) Single dose of MS[Gln<sup>6,14</sup>]CNP-38 <b>4A</b> containing 220 nmol [Gln<sup>6,14</sup>]CNP-38/mouse (<img class="formula-image" alt="formula image" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/9335275/bin/pnas.2201067119fig10.jpg"/>), and assuming dose linearity the simulated dose adjustment to 20 nmol to keep the peptide 40 pM (<img class="formula-image" alt="formula image" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/9335275/bin/pnas.2201067119fig11.jpg"/>) for 1 wk. (<i>B</i>) Single dose of <b>4B</b> containing 700 nmol [Gln<sup>6,14</sup>]CNP-38/mouse (<img class="formula-image" alt="formula image" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/9335275/bin/pnas.2201067119fig12.jpg"/>) and simulated dose-adjustment to 85 nmol to maintain the released peptide ≥40 pM (<img class="formula-image" alt="formula image" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/9335275/bin/pnas.2201067119fig13.jpg"/>) for 1 mo. Data points are mean ± SD.</div>
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data-pmc-id="PMC9335275"
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<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
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<strong class="figure-label">
<p> Fig. 4. </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Growth of mice treated with… </p></div>
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</div>
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> Fig. 4. </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Growth of mice treated with [Gln <sup> 6,14 </sup> ]CNP-38 and MS[Gln <sup> 6,14 </sup> ]CNP-38 conjugates… </p></div>
</div>
<figcaption id="figure-caption-5" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
<strong class="figure-label">
Fig. 4.
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Growth of mice treated with [Gln<sup>6,14</sup>]CNP-38 and MS[Gln<sup>6,14</sup>]CNP-38 conjugates <b>4A</b> and <b>4B</b> at constant amounts per mouse each dosing interval. From left to right are vehicle control (black), QD [Gln<sup>6,14</sup>]CNP-38 (brown), QWk <b>4A</b> 20 nmol/mouse (blue), QWk <b>4A</b> 50 nmol/mouse (red), and single-dose <b>4B</b> 85 nmol/mouse (green). They are plotted as the percentage of initial TBL versus time; values are displayed as the mean ± SD.</div>
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<p> Fig. 5. </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Growth of mice treated with… </p></div>
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<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> Fig. 5. </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Growth of mice treated with [Gln <sup> 6,14 </sup> ]CNP-38 and MS[Gln <sup> 6,14 </sup> ]CNP-38 conjugates… </p></div>
</div>
<figcaption id="figure-caption-6" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
<strong class="figure-label">
Fig. 5.
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Growth of mice treated with [Gln<sup>6,14</sup>]CNP-38 and MS[Gln<sup>6,14</sup>]CNP-38 conjugates <b>4A</b> and <b>4B</b> at body weightdetermined dosing (micromoles per kilogram). From left to right are vehicle control (black), QD [Gln<sup>6,14</sup>]CNP-38 (brown), QWk <b>4A</b> 1.5 μmol/kg (blue), QWk <b>4A</b> 2.2 μmol/kg (red), Q2Wk 2.2 μmol/kg (green), single-dose <b>4B</b> 6.1 μmol/kg (purple), and single-dose <b>4B</b> 40 μmol/kg (orange). They are plotted as the percentage of initial TBL versus time; values are displayed as the mean ± SD.</div>
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<p> Fig. 6. </p>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Representative mice treated with [Gln… </p></div>
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<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> Fig. 6. </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Representative mice treated with [Gln <sup> 6,14 </sup> ]CNP-38 or <b> 4A </b> for 5 wk. (… </p></div>
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<figcaption id="figure-caption-7" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
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Fig. 6.
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Representative mice treated with [Gln<sup>6,14</sup>]CNP-38 or <b>4A</b> for 5 wk. (<i>A</i>) Vehicle control. (<i>B</i>) QD [Gln<sup>6,14</sup>]CNP-38 70 nmol/kg. (<i>C</i>) Q2Wk 2.2 μmol/kg. (<i>D</i>) QWk 2.2 μmol/kg. (<i>E</i>) QWk 1.5 μmol/kg. Anesthetized mice were initially positioned for measurements with their heads extended, noses aligned to the horizontal guideline, and tails straight; here, the distance between the top guideline and the end of the tail best represents TBL.</div>
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