publicdata/nih-gov
1
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Projects Releases Packages Wiki Activity Actions
nih-gov/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35446435/index.html

13484 lines
No EOL
385 KiB
HTML
Raw Permalink Blame History

This file contains invisible Unicode characters

This file contains invisible Unicode characters that are indistinguishable to humans but may be processed differently by a computer. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" >
<head itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WebPage" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#" >
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<!-- Mobile properties -->
<meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="True">
<meta name="MobileOptimized" content="320">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov">
<link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov">
<link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.google-analytics.com">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/277eb475-38df-4990-a0ee-0080b04e86fc/CACHE/css/output.ba8099dd2df4.css" type="text/css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/277eb475-38df-4990-a0ee-0080b04e86fc/CACHE/css/output.452c70ce66f7.css" type="text/css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/277eb475-38df-4990-a0ee-0080b04e86fc/CACHE/css/output.7bf600913d6e.css" type="text/css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/277eb475-38df-4990-a0ee-0080b04e86fc/CACHE/css/output.0bfa59184c7a.css" type="text/css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/277eb475-38df-4990-a0ee-0080b04e86fc/CACHE/css/output.b576742ffc3e.css" type="text/css">
<title>Fortification of salt with iron and iodine versus fortification of salt with iodine alone for improving iron and iodine status - PubMed</title>
<link rel="preload" as="font" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/277eb475-38df-4990-a0ee-0080b04e86fc/uswds/dist/fonts/merriweather-bold-webfont.woff2" type="font/woff2" crossorigin />
<!-- Favicons -->
<link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/ico" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/favicons/favicon.ico" />
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/favicons/favicon.png" />
<!-- 192x192, as recommended for Android
http://updates.html5rocks.com/2014/11/Support-for-theme-color-in-Chrome-39-for-Android
-->
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="192x192" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/favicons/favicon-192.png" />
<!-- 57x57 (precomposed) for iPhone 3GS, pre-2011 iPod Touch and older Android devices -->
<link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/favicons/favicon-57.png">
<!-- 72x72 (precomposed) for 1st generation iPad, iPad 2 and iPad mini -->
<link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="72x72" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/favicons/favicon-72.png">
<!-- 114x114 (precomposed) for iPhone 4, 4S, 5 and post-2011 iPod Touch -->
<link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="114x114" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/favicons/favicon-114.png">
<!-- 144x144 (precomposed) for iPad 3rd and 4th generation -->
<link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="144x144" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/favicons/favicon-144.png">
<!-- For Pinger + Google Optimize integration (NS-820) -->
<meta name="ncbi_sg_optimize_id" content="">
<!-- Mobile browser address bar color -->
<meta name="theme-color" content="#20558a">
<!-- Preserve the Referrer when going from HTTPS to HTTP -->
<meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin">
<meta name="ncbi_pinger_gtm_track" content="true"/>
<!-- Logging params: Pinger defaults -->
<meta name="ncbi_app" content="pubmed" />
<meta name="ncbi_db" content="pubmed" />
<meta name="ncbi_phid" content="BA3600017CB8DF0500002787097D279A.1.m_6" />
<meta name="ncbi_pinger_stat_url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/stat" />
<meta name="log_category" content="literature" />
<meta name="ncbi_cost_center" content="pubmed" />
<!-- Logging params: Pinger custom -->
<meta name="ncbi_pdid" content="abstract" />
<meta name="log_op" content="retrieve" />
<meta name="uid" content="35446435" />
<meta name="ncbi_uid" content="35446435" />
<meta name="log_displayeduids" content="35446435" />
<meta name="log_source_db" content="pubmed,pmc" />
<meta name="log_icons_present" content="true" />
<meta name="ncbi_search_id" content="baKULWJvIKEmjmzpBLKMtQ:647ff15141af266103a93759ef71cd80" />
<meta name="ncbi_adj_nav_search_id" content="O76G0u_mXSrhAito6o4KYg:647ff15141af266103a93759ef71cd80" />
<!-- Social meta tags for unfurling urls -->
<meta name="description" content="Our findings suggest DFS may have a small positive impact on haemoglobin concentration and the prevalence of anaemia compared to IS, particularly when considering efficacy studies. Future research should prioritise studies that incorporate robust study designs and outcome measures (e.g. anaemia, iro …"><meta name="keywords" content="pmid:35446435, PMC9022669, doi:10.1002/14651858.CD013463.pub2, Review, Systematic Review, Jo-Anna B Baxter, Bianca Carducci, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Anemia, Iron-Deficiency* / epidemiology, Anemia, Iron-Deficiency* / prevention &amp; control, Child, Female, Hemoglobins, Humans, Iodine*, Iron, Iron Deficiencies*, Micronutrients, Sodium Chloride, Sodium Chloride, Dietary, PubMed Abstract, NIH, NLM, NCBI, National Institutes of Health, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, MEDLINE"><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive"><meta property="og:title" content="Fortification of salt with iron and iodine versus fortification of salt with iodine alone for improving iron and iodine status - PubMed"><meta property="og:url" content="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35446435/"><meta property="og:description" content="Our findings suggest DFS may have a small positive impact on haemoglobin concentration and the prevalence of anaemia compared to IS, particularly when considering efficacy studies. Future research should prioritise studies that incorporate robust study designs and outcome measures (e.g. anaemia, iro …"><meta property="og:image" content="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/persistent/pubmed-meta-image-v2.jpg"><meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/persistent/pubmed-meta-image-v2.jpg"><meta property="og:type" content="website"><meta property="og:site_name" content="PubMed"><meta name="twitter:domain" content="pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><meta name="twitter:title" content="Fortification of salt with iron and iodine versus fortification of salt with iodine alone for improving iron and iodine status - PubMed"><meta name="twitter:url" content="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35446435/"><meta name="twitter:description" content="Our findings suggest DFS may have a small positive impact on haemoglobin concentration and the prevalence of anaemia compared to IS, particularly when considering efficacy studies. Future research should prioritise studies that incorporate robust study designs and outcome measures (e.g. anaemia, iro …"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/persistent/pubmed-meta-image-v2.jpg">
<!-- OpenSearch XML -->
<link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/persistent/opensearch.xml" title="PubMed search">
<!-- Disables severely broken elements when no JS -->
<noscript>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/277eb475-38df-4990-a0ee-0080b04e86fc/core/no-script.css">
</noscript>
<meta name="citation_title" content="Fortification of salt with iron and iodine versus fortification of salt with iodine alone for improving iron and iodine status">
<meta name="citation_authors" content="Baxter JB;Carducci B;Kamali M;Zlotkin SH;Bhutta ZA;">
<meta name="citation_date" content="04/21/2022">
<meta name="citation_publisher" content="Cochrane Database Syst Rev">
<meta name="citation_journal_title" content="The Cochrane database of systematic reviews">
<meta name="citation_pmid" content="35446435">
<meta name="citation_abstract_html_url" content="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35446435/">
<meta name="citation_volume" content="4">
<meta name="citation_issue" content="4">
<meta name="citation_doi" content="10.1002/14651858.CD013463.pub2">
<meta name="citation_issn" content="1469-493X">
<link rel="canonical" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35446435/" />
</head>
<body >
<noscript>
<div class="no-script-banner" id="no-script-banner">
<div class="warning-message">
<div class="warning-message-text">
This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features!
</div>
</div>
</div>
</noscript>
<div class="no-session-banner" id="no-session-banner" hidden>
<div class="warning-message">
<div class="warning-message-text">
Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable.
</div>
<button class="close-banner-button"
title="Close Clipboard and Search History not available warning banner"
ref="linksrc=close_no_session_banner"
aria-controls="no-session-banner"
aria-label="Close Clipboard and Search History not available warning banner"
aria-expanded="true">
</button>
</div>
</div>
<a class="usa-skipnav" href="#article-details">
Skip to main page content
</a>
<!-- ========== BEGIN HEADER ========== -->
<section class="usa-banner">
<div class="usa-accordion">
<header class="usa-banner-header">
<div class="usa-grid usa-banner-inner">
<img src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/favicons/favicon-57.png" alt="U.S. flag" />
<p>An official website of the United States government</p>
<button
class="usa-accordion-button usa-banner-button"
aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="gov-banner-top"
>
<span class="usa-banner-button-text">Here's how you know</span>
</button>
</div>
</header>
<div
class="usa-banner-content usa-grid usa-accordion-content"
id="gov-banner-top"
>
<div class="usa-banner-guidance-gov usa-width-one-half">
<img
class="usa-banner-icon usa-media_block-img"
src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-dot-gov.svg"
alt="Dot gov"
/>
<div class="usa-media_block-body">
<p>
<strong>The .gov means it’s official.</strong>
<br />
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before
sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal
government site.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="usa-banner-guidance-ssl usa-width-one-half">
<img
class="usa-banner-icon usa-media_block-img"
src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-https.svg"
alt="Https"
/>
<div class="usa-media_block-body">
<p>
<strong>The site is secure.</strong>
<br />
The <strong>https://</strong> ensures that you are connecting to the
official website and that any information you provide is encrypted
and transmitted securely.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<div class="usa-overlay"></div>
<header class="ncbi-header" role="banner" data-section="Header">
<div class="usa-grid">
<div class="usa-width-one-whole">
<div class="ncbi-header__logo">
<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" class="logo" aria-label="NCBI Logo" data-ga-action="click_image" data-ga-label="NIH NLM Logo">
<img src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/logos/AgencyLogo.svg" alt="NIH NLM Logo" />
</a>
</div>
<div class="ncbi-header__account">
<a id="account_login" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov" class="usa-button header-button" style="display:none" data-ga-action="open_menu" data-ga-label="account_menu">Log in</a>
<button id="account_info" class="header-button" style="display:none"
aria-controls="account_popup">
<span class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="username desktop-only" aria-hidden="true" id="uname_short"></span>
<span class="sr-only">Show account info</span>
</button>
</div>
<div class="ncbi-popup-anchor">
<div class="ncbi-popup account-popup" id="account_popup" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="ncbi-popup-head">
<button class="ncbi-close-button" data-ga-action="close_menu" data-ga-label="account_menu"><span class="fa fa-times"></span><span class="usa-sr-only">Close</span></button>
<h4>Account</h4>
</div>
<div class="account-user-info">
Logged in as:<br/>
<b><span class="username" id="uname_long">username</span></b>
</div>
<div class="account-links">
<ul class="usa-unstyled-list">
<li><a id="account_myncbi" href="/myncbi/" class="set-base-url" data-ga-action="click_menu_item" data-ga-label="account_myncbi">Dashboard</a></li>
<li><a id="account_pubs" href="/myncbi/collections/bibliography/" class="set-base-url" data-ga-action="click_menu_item" data-ga-label="account_pubs">Publications</a></li>
<li><a id="account_settings" href="/account/settings/" class="set-base-url" data-ga-action="click_menu_item" data-ga-label="account_settings">Account settings</a></li>
<li><a id="account_logout" href="/account/signout/" class="set-base-url" data-ga-action="click_menu_item" data-ga-label="account_logout">Log out</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<div role="navigation" aria-label="access keys">
<a id="nws_header_accesskey_0" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/browsers/#ncbi_accesskeys" class="usa-sr-only" accesskey="0" tabindex="-1">Access keys</a>
<a id="nws_header_accesskey_1" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov" class="usa-sr-only" accesskey="1" tabindex="-1">NCBI Homepage</a>
<a id="nws_header_accesskey_2" href="/myncbi/" class="set-base-url usa-sr-only" accesskey="2" tabindex="-1">MyNCBI Homepage</a>
<a id="nws_header_accesskey_3" href="#maincontent" class="usa-sr-only" accesskey="3" tabindex="-1">Main Content</a>
<a id="nws_header_accesskey_4" href="#" class="usa-sr-only" accesskey="4" tabindex="-1">Main Navigation</a>
</div>
<section data-section="Alerts">
<div class="ncbi-alerts-placeholder"></div>
</section>
<!-- ========== END HEADER ========== -->
<a id="maincontent" aria-label="Main page content below" role="navigation"></a>
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="7wFX6Ms9OwwkWUGGFX2qYPwKpxD2HMmiojp2JCVvo7jOQlMwigFssX2oXBleAnUC">
<form action="/" method="get" autocomplete="off" class="usa-search usa-search-big search-form content-page-layout" id="search-form" role="search">
<div class="inner-wrap">
<a class="pubmed-logo"
aria-label="Pubmed Logo"
href="/"
data-ga-category="featured_link"
data-ga-action="pubmed_logo">
<img src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/277eb475-38df-4990-a0ee-0080b04e86fc/core/images/pubmed-logo-blue.svg" alt="pubmed logo" />
</a>
<a href="#" class="search-input-trigger" data-alt-title="Hide search bar" title="Show search bar" aria-label="Show search bar">
</a>
<div role="search" class="search-input">
<div class="form-field ">
<label class="usa-sr-only" for="id_term">
Search:
</label>
<input
type="search"
name="term"
data-skip-ie-scroll-to-top=""
data-replace-term-with-exact=""
data-exact-query=""
placeholder=""
class="term-input"
required="required"
id="id_term"/><a href="#" class="clear-btn" aria-label="Clear search input" title="Clear search input" role="button" data-pinger-ignore></a><button type="submit" class="search-btn" aria-label="Search" disabled data-pinger-ignore><span class="usa-search-submit-text">Search</span></button>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Create alert and Create RSS are buttons that look like links -->
<!-- Better for them to look like buttons but no space -->
<div class="search-links-wrapper content-page-layout">
<div class="search-links">
<a href="/advanced/"
class="search-input-link adv-search-link"
data-ga-category="featured_link"
data-ga-action="adv_search">Advanced</a>
<a href="/clipboard/"
class="search-input-link clipboard-link hidden"
data-ga-category="featured_link"
data-ga-action="clipboard">
Clipboard <span class="amount-in-clipboard"></span>
</a>
</div>
<span class="search-input-link user-guide-link" role="navigation" aria-label="User guide">
<a href="/help/"
data-ga-category="featured_link"
data-ga-action="user_guide">
User Guide
</a>
</span>
</div>
</div>
</form>
<div id="article-page-header">
<div id="article-top-actions-bar" class="article-top-actions-bar">
<div class="inner-wrap">
<div class="actions-container">
<div class="return-to-search">
</div>
<div class="multiple-results-actions " role="region" aria-label="save, email, send to">
<button id="save-results-panel-trigger"
type="button"
class="save-results save-results-panel-trigger"
aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="save-action-panel"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="save"
data-ga-label="open">
Save
</button><button id="email-results-panel-trigger"
type="button"
class="email-results email-results-panel-trigger"
aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="email-action-panel"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="email"
data-ga-label="open">
Email
</button><div class="more-actions dropdown-block"><button id="more-actions-trigger"
type="button"
class="trigger more-actions-trigger"
ref="linksrc=show_moreactions_btn"
aria-label="Send to"
aria-controls="more-actions-dropdown">Send to</button><div id="more-actions-dropdown" class="dropdown dropdown-container" hidden><div class="content"><ul class="more-actions-links"><li><a class="clipboard-panel-trigger dropdown-block-link "
href="#"
role="button"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="clipboard"
data-ga-label="send">
Clipboard
</a></li><li><a role="button" class="dropdown-block-link bibliography-trigger-target" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F35446435%2F%23open-bibliography-panel">My Bibliography</a></li><li><a role="button" class="dropdown-block-link collections-trigger-target" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F35446435%2F%23open-collections-panel">Collections</a></li><li><a role="button" class="citation-manager-panel-trigger dropdown-block-link citation-manager-trigger-target" href="#">Citation manager</a></li></ul></div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-options" data-format-key="format"
data-default-format-value="abstract"
data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region">
<button
class="trigger usa-button"
title="Change format"
data-ga-category="display_options"
data-ga-action="display_options_dialog">
<span class="button-label">Display options</span>
</button>
<div class="dropdown" hidden>
<div class="title">
Display options
</div>
<div class="content">
<div class="format-container">
<span class="option-label">
Format
</span>
<select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="article-display-format">
<option value="abstract">Abstract</option>
<option value="pubmed">PubMed</option>
<option value="pmid">PMID</option>
</select>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="7wFX6Ms9OwwkWUGGFX2qYPwKpxD2HMmiojp2JCVvo7jOQlMwigFssX2oXBleAnUC">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="article-panels-container" class="article-panels-container">
<div id="save-action-panel" class="save-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="inner-wrap">
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
Save citation to file
</h2>
<form id="save-action-panel-form"
class="action-panel-content action-form"
action="/results-export-ids/"
data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/"
data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/"
method="post"
data-by-search-method="post"
data-by-ids-method="post">
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="7wFX6Ms9OwwkWUGGFX2qYPwKpxD2HMmiojp2JCVvo7jOQlMwigFssX2oXBleAnUC">
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label for="save-action-format" class="action-panel-label">
Format:
</label>
<select id="save-action-format" name="results-format" class="action-panel-selector">
<option value="summary-text">Summary (text)</option>
<option value="pubmed-text">PubMed</option>
<option value="pmid">PMID</option>
<option value="abstract">Abstract (text)</option>
<option value="csv">CSV</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-actions">
<button class="action-panel-submit"
type="submit"
data-loading-label="Saving..."
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="save"
data-ga-label="save">
Create file
</button>
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
aria-label="Close 'Save citations to file' panel"
ref="linksrc=close_save_panel"
aria-controls="save-action-panel"
aria-expanded="false"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="save"
data-ga-label="cancel">
Cancel
</button>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
<div id="email-action-panel"
class="email-action-panel action-panel"
aria-hidden="true"
data-recaptcha-script-url="https://www.recaptcha.net/recaptcha/enterprise.js?render=explicit&onload=onloadCaptchaCallback"
data-recaptcha-enabled="true">
<div class="inner-wrap">
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
Email citation
</h2>
<form id="email-action-panel-form"
class="action-panel-content action-form"
action="/send-email/"
data-by-search-action="/results-export-email-by-search-data/"
data-by-ids-action="/send-email/"
data-by-search-method="post"
data-by-ids-method="post"
method="post"
>
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="7wFX6Ms9OwwkWUGGFX2qYPwKpxD2HMmiojp2JCVvo7jOQlMwigFssX2oXBleAnUC">
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<span class="action-panel-label">
Subject:
</span>
<span class="email-subject" id="email-subject" aria-label="Email subject">1 selected item: 35446435 - PubMed</span>
<input type="hidden" name="email-subject" value="1 selected item: 35446435"/>
<input type="hidden" name="email-subject-hash" value="ae00c7dc054f07c94e65371762402868ed7ce6ead83570808429976932424c4b"/>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label for="email-to" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
To:
</label>
<input type="email" aria-label="Recipient Email Address" placeholder="email@example.com" id="email-to" class="email-to" pattern="^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$" maxlength="100" required>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label for="email-from" class="action-panel-label">
From:
</label>
<input type="email" aria-label="Sender Email Address" placeholder="email@example.com" id="email-from" class="email-from" pattern="^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$" maxlength="256">
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label for="email-citation-format" class="action-panel-label">
Format:
</label>
<select id="email-citation-format" name="citation-format" class="action-panel-selector email-citation-format">
<option selected="selected" value="summary">Summary</option>
<option value="summary-text">Summary (text)</option>
<option value="abstract">Abstract</option>
<option value="abstract-text">Abstract (text)</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="include-supplemental-container">
<input type="checkbox" aria-label="Include MeSH and other data" name="include-supplemental" id="email-include-supplemental" class="email-include-supplemental">
<label for="email-include-supplemental" class="email-include-supplemental-label">MeSH and other data</label>
</div>
<div class="form-field recaptcha ">
<div class="g-recaptcha" id="id-recaptcha" data-sitekey="6LfsWHMdAAAAAClKbtOpjQ2pMjgsGxvv7NdZW9uI"></div>
</div>
<div id="captcha-error-message" class="usa-input-error-message captcha-validation-message" role="alert"></div>
<div class="action-panel-actions">
<button class="action-panel-submit"
type="submit"
data-loading-label="Sending..."
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="email"
data-ga-label="send">
Send email
</button>
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
aria-label="Close 'Email citations' panel"
ref="linksrc=close_email_panel"
aria-controls="email-action-panel"
aria-expanded="false"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="email"
data-ga-label="cancel">
Cancel
</button>
</div>
<input type="hidden" name="email-search-details" value="" />
<input type="hidden" name="email-search-details-hash" value="0e42663a6c3bd85498fcb88798998fed7bfdc45d457db35281e41afe13cc0524" />
</form>
</div>
</div>
<div id="collections-action-panel"
class="collections-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel"
aria-hidden="true"
data-collections-open-panel-enabled="false"
data-collections-open-panel-url-hash="#open-collections-panel">
<div class="inner-wrap">
<h3 class="action-panel-heading">
Add to Collections
</h3>
<form id="collections-action-panel-form"
class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/"
data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/"
data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/"
data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/"
data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100"
data-add-to-collection-max-amount="1000"
data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/">
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="7wFX6Ms9OwwkWUGGFX2qYPwKpxD2HMmiojp2JCVvo7jOQlMwigFssX2oXBleAnUC">
<div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup">
<ul class="radio-group-items">
<li>
<input type="radio"
id="collections-action-panel-new"
class="collections-new"
name="collections"
value="new"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="collections"
data-ga-label="collections_radio_new">
<label for="collections-action-panel-new">Create a new collection</label>
</li>
<li>
<input type="radio"
id="collections-action-panel-existing"
class="collections-existing"
name="collections"
value="existing"
checked="true"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="collections"
data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing">
<label for="collections-action-panel-existing">Add to an existing collection</label>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="controls-wrapper">
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls">
<label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
Name your collection:
</label>
<input
type="text"
name="add-to-new-collection"
id="collections-action-panel-add-to-new"
class="collections-action-add-to-new"
pattern="[^&quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: &quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;/"
maxlength="100"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="create_collection"
data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection">
<div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
Name must be less than 100 characters
</div>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls">
<label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label">
Choose a collection:
</label>
<select id="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing"
class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="select_collection"
data-ga-label="($('#collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'">
</select>
<div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
Unable to load your collection due to an error<br>
<a href="#">Please try again</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-actions">
<button class="action-panel-submit"
type="submit"
data-loading-label="Adding..."
data-pinger-ignore
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="collections"
data-ga-label="add">
Add
</button>
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel"
ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel"
aria-controls="collections-action-panel"
aria-expanded="false"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="collections"
data-ga-label="cancel">
Cancel
</button>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
<div id="bibliography-action-panel"
class="bibliography-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel"
aria-hidden="true"
data-bibliography-open-panel-enabled="false"
data-bibliography-open-panel-url-hash="#open-bibliography-panel">
<div class="inner-wrap">
<h3 class="action-panel-heading">
Add to My Bibliography
</h3>
<form id="bibliography-action-panel-form"
class="bibliography-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
data-add-to-bibliography-max-amount="100"
data-add-to-bibliography-batch-size="10"
data-bibliography-delegates-url="/list-bibliography-delegates/"
data-add-to-bibliography-url="/add-to-bibliography/"
data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/"
data-mybib-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/mybibliography/">
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="7wFX6Ms9OwwkWUGGFX2qYPwKpxD2HMmiojp2JCVvo7jOQlMwigFssX2oXBleAnUC">
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap bibliographies-controls">
<div class="choice-group">
<ul class="bibliographies-action-add radio-group-items">
<li>
<input name="bibliography" id="my-bibliography" class="my-bibliography" type="radio" checked/>
<label for="my-bibliography">My Bibliography</label>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="bibliographies-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
Unable to load your delegates due to an error<br>
<a href="#">Please try again</a>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-actions">
<button class="action-panel-submit"
type="submit"
data-loading-label="Adding..."
data-pinger-ignore>
Add
</button>
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
aria-label="Close 'Add to bibliography' panel"
ref="linksrc=close_bibliography_panel"
aria-controls="bibliography-action-panel"
aria-expanded="false"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="mybib"
data-ga-label="cancel">
Cancel
</button>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
<div id="saved-search-action-panel" class="saved-search-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true"
data-saved-search-open-panel-enabled="false"
data-saved-search-open-panel-url-hash="#open-saved-search-panel">
<div class="inner-wrap">
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
Your saved search
</h2>
<form id="saved-search-action-panel-form"
class="saved-search-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form"
data-create-saved-search-url="/create-saved-search/"
data-try-search-terms-url="/try-search-term/"
data-saved-search-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/searches/">
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="7wFX6Ms9OwwkWUGGFX2qYPwKpxD2HMmiojp2JCVvo7jOQlMwigFssX2oXBleAnUC">
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label for="saved-search-name" class="action-panel-label saved-search-name-label required-field-asterisk">
Name of saved search:
</label>
<input maxlength="200"
type="text"
name="saved-search-name"
id="saved-search-name"
class="saved-search-name"
value=""
required
pattern="[^&quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: &quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;/">
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label for="saved-search-term" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
Search terms:
</label>
<textarea name="saved-search-term" id="saved-search-term" class="saved-search-term" required></textarea>
</div>
<div class="test-search-term-wrap">
<a href="#" class="try-search-term">Test search terms</a>
</div>
<div class="choice-group action-panel-extra-margin-top">
<span class="action-panel-label" id="fieldset-label">
Would you like email updates of new search results?
</span>
<fieldset id="saved-search-alert" aria-describedby="fieldset-label">
<legend class="usa-sr-only">Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons</legend>
<ul class="radio-group-items">
<li>
<input type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-yes" class="saved-search-alert-yes" name="saved-search-alert" value="yes" checked>
<label for="saved-search-alert-yes" class="action-panel-label">Yes</label>
</li>
<li>
<input aria-label="No radio input" type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-no" class="saved-search-alert-no" name="saved-search-alert" value="no">
<label for="saved-search-alert-no" class="action-panel-label">No</label>
</li>
</ul>
</fieldset>
</div>
<div class="alert-schedule-wrap">
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label class="action-panel-label">
Email:
</label>
<span aria-label="Email address" id="saved-search-email" class="action-panel-label"><span class="action-panel-label-bold"></span> (<a class="myncbi-account-settings" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/">change</a>)</span>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top">
<label for="saved-search-frequency" class="action-panel-label">
Frequency:
</label>
<select id="saved-search-frequency" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-frequency">
<option value="monthly">Monthly</option>
<option value="weekly">Weekly</option>
<option value="daily">Daily</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-monthly-additional">
<label for="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="action-panel-label">
Which day?
</label>
<select id="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector">
<option value="Sunday">The first Sunday</option>
<option value="Monday">The first Monday</option>
<option value="Tuesday">The first Tuesday</option>
<option value="Wednesday">The first Wednesday</option>
<option value="Thursday">The first Thursday</option>
<option value="Friday">The first Friday</option>
<option value="Saturday">The first Saturday</option>
<option value="day">The first day</option>
<option value="weekday">The first weekday</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-weekly-additional">
<label for="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="action-panel-label">
Which day?
</label>
<select id="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-weekly-on-day">
<option value="Sunday">Sunday</option>
<option value="Monday">Monday</option>
<option value="Tuesday">Tuesday</option>
<option value="Wednesday">Wednesday</option>
<option value="Thursday">Thursday</option>
<option value="Friday">Friday</option>
<option value="Saturday">Saturday</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label for="saved-search-report" class="action-panel-label">
Report format:
</label>
<select id="saved-search-report" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-report">
<option value="DocSum">Summary</option>
<option value="DocSumText">Summary (text)</option>
<option value="Abstract">Abstract</option>
<option value="AbstractText">Abstract (text)</option>
<option value="MEDLINE">PubMed</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label for="saved-search-amount" class="action-panel-label">
Send at most:
</label>
<select id="saved-search-amount" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-amount">
<option value="1">1 item</option>
<option value="5" selected>5 items</option>
<option value="10">10 items</option>
<option value="20">20 items</option>
<option value="50">50 items</option>
<option value="100">100 items</option>
<option value="200">200 items</option>
</select>
</div>
<div>
<input type="checkbox" id="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="saved-search-send-if-no-result" name="saved-search-send-if-no-result">
<label for="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="action-panel-label smaller-checkbox">
Send even when there aren't any new results
</label>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap option-text-in-email-wrap">
<label for="saved-search-email-text" class="action-panel-label">
Optional text in email:
</label>
<textarea name="saved-search-email-text"
id="saved-search-email-text"
class="saved-search-email-text"></textarea>
</div>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-actions">
<button class="action-panel-submit"
type="submit"
data-loading-label="Saving..."
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="alert"
data-ga-label="save">
Save
</button>
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
aria-label="Close 'Your saved search' panel"
ref="linksrc=close_saved_search_panel"
aria-controls="saved-search-action-panel"
aria-expanded="false"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="alert"
data-ga-label="cancel">
Cancel
</button>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
<div id="citation-manager-action-panel" class="citation-manager-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="inner-wrap">
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
Create a file for external citation management software
</h2>
<form id="citation-manager-action-panel-form"
class="action-panel-content action-form"
action="/results-export-ids/"
data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/"
data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/"
method="post"
data-by-search-method="post"
data-by-ids-method="post">
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="7wFX6Ms9OwwkWUGGFX2qYPwKpxD2HMmiojp2JCVvo7jOQlMwigFssX2oXBleAnUC">
<input name="results-format" type="hidden" value="pubmed"/>
<div class="action-panel-actions">
<button class="action-panel-submit"
type="submit"
data-loading-label="Sending..."
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="citation_manager"
data-ga-label="save">
Create file
</button>
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
aria-label="Close 'Send citations to citation manager' panel"
ref="linksrc=close_citation_manager_panel"
aria-controls="citation-manager-action-panel"
aria-expanded="false"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="citation_manager"
data-ga-label="cancel">
Cancel
</button>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
<div id="rss-action-panel" class="rss-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true">
<div class="inner-wrap">
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
Your RSS Feed
</h2>
<form id="rss-action-panel-form"
class="rss-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form"
data-create-rss-feed-url="/create-rss-feed-url/"
data-search-form-term-value="">
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="7wFX6Ms9OwwkWUGGFX2qYPwKpxD2HMmiojp2JCVvo7jOQlMwigFssX2oXBleAnUC">
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label for="rss-name" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
Name of RSS Feed:
</label>
<input maxlength="200"
placeholder="Name"
type="text"
name="rss-name"
id="rss-name"
class="rss-name"
value=''
required
pattern="[^&quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: &quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;/">
</div>
<div class="rss-limit-wrap">
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top">
<label for="rss-limit" class="action-panel-label">
Number of items displayed:
</label>
<select id="rss-limit" class="no-border-panel-selector rss-limit">
<option value="5">5</option>
<option value="10">10</option>
<option value="15" selected="selected">15</option>
<option value="20">20</option>
<option value="50">50</option>
<option value="100">100</option>
</select>
</div>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-actions">
<button class="action-panel-submit"
type="submit"
data-loading-label="Creating..."
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="alert"
data-ga-label="save">
Create RSS
</button>
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
aria-label="Close 'Your RSS' panel"
ref="linksrc=close_rss_panel"
aria-controls="rss-action-panel"
aria-expanded="false"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="alert"
data-ga-label="cancel">
Cancel
</button>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap rss-link-copy-wrap">
<label for="rss-link" class="usa-sr-only">RSS Link</label>
<input placeholder="Your RSS Feed Link" type="text" name="rss-link" id="rss-link" class="rss-link" title="RSS Link">
<button
type="button"
disabled
class="rss-link-copy-button disabled"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="rss"
data-ga-label="copy">
Copy
</button>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="article-page" id="article-page" data-article-pmid="35446435">
<aside class="page-sidebar">
<div class="inner-wrap">
<div class="full-text-links">
<div class="full-view">
<h3 class="title">
Full text links
</h3>
<div class="full-text-links-list">
<a class="link-item
dialog-focus"
href="https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD013463.pub2"
target="_blank"
rel="noopener"
ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&amp;is_pmc=False&amp;PrId=3058&amp;itool=Abstract-def&amp;log$=linkouticon&amp;uid=35446435&amp;db=pubmed&amp;nlmid=100909747"
title="See full text options at Wiley"
data-ga-category="full_text"
data-ga-action="Wiley"
data-ga-label="35446435"
><img src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/query/egifs/http:--media.wiley.com-assets-7331-42-Cochrane_Library_Logo_RGB_120x30.jpg" alt="Wiley full text link"><span class="text">
Wiley
</span></a><a class="link-item
pmc
"
href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/35446435/"
target="_blank"
rel="noopener"
ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&amp;is_pmc=True&amp;PrId=3494&amp;itool=Abstract-def&amp;log$=linkouticon&amp;uid=35446435&amp;db=pubmed&amp;nlmid=100909747"
title="Free full text at PubMed Central"
data-ga-category="full_text"
data-ga-action="PMC"
data-ga-label="35446435"
><span class="text">
Free PMC article
</span></a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="short-view">
<a href="#" class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger">
Full text links
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="actions-buttons sidebar"><h3 class="title">Actions</h3><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger"
aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="cite"
data-ga-label="open"
data-all-citations-url="/35446435/citations/"
data-citation-style="nlm"
data-pubmed-format-link="/35446435/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><link type="text/css" href="ncbi-overlay-block/src/overlay-block.css"><div class="collections-button-container" data-article-id="35446435" data-article-db="pubmed"><button class="collections-button collections-dialog-trigger"
aria-label="Save article in MyNCBI collections."
data-ga-category="collections_button"
data-ga-action="click"
data-ga-label="collections_button"
data-collections-open-dialog-enabled="false"
data-collections-open-dialog-url="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F35446435%2F%23open-collections-dialog"
data-in-collections="false"><span class="button-label">Collections</span></button><div class="overlay" role="dialog"><div id="collections-action-dialog"
class="dialog collections-dialog"
aria-hidden="true"><div class="title">Add to Collections</div><div class="collections-action-panel action-panel"><form id="collections-action-dialog-form"
class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/"
data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/"
data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/"
data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100"
data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/"><input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="7wFX6Ms9OwwkWUGGFX2qYPwKpxD2HMmiojp2JCVvo7jOQlMwigFssX2oXBleAnUC"><div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup"><ul class="radio-group-items"><li><input type="radio"
id="collections-action-dialog-new"
class="collections-new"
name="collections"
value="new"
data-ga-category="collections_button"
data-ga-action="click"
data-ga-label="collections_radio_new"><label for="collections-action-dialog-new">Create a new collection</label></li><li><input type="radio"
id="collections-action-dialog-existing"
class="collections-existing"
name="collections"
value="existing"
checked="true"
data-ga-category="collections_button"
data-ga-action="click"
data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing"><label for="collections-action-dialog-existing">Add to an existing collection</label></li></ul></div><div class="controls-wrapper"><div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
Name your collection:
</label><input
type="text"
name="add-to-new-collection"
id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new"
class="collections-action-add-to-new"
pattern="[^&quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: &quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;/"
maxlength="100"
data-ga-category="collections_button"
data-ga-action="create_collection"
data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"><div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
Name must be less than 100 characters
</div></div><div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label">
Choose a collection:
</label><select id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing"
class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing"
data-ga-category="collections_button"
data-ga-action="select_collection"
data-ga-label="($('.collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"></select><div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
Unable to load your collection due to an error<br><a href="#">Please try again</a></div></div></div><div class="action-panel-actions"><button class="action-panel-submit"
type="submit"
data-loading-label="Adding..."
data-pinger-ignore
data-ga-category="collections_button"
data-ga-action="click"
data-ga-label="add">
Add
</button><button class="action-panel-cancel"
aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel"
ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel"
aria-controls="collections-action-panel"
aria-expanded="false"
data-ga-category="collections_button"
data-ga-action="click"
data-ga-label="cancel">
Cancel
</button></div></form></div></div></div></div><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger"
title="Open dialog with more actions to take"
ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" data-format-key="format"
data-default-format-value="abstract"
data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"><button
class="trigger usa-button"
title="Change format"
data-ga-category="display_options"
data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"><span class="button-label">Display options</span></button><div class="dropdown" hidden><div class="title">
Display options
</div><div class="content"><div class="format-container"><span class="option-label">
Format
</span><select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="sidebar-actions-display-format"><option value="abstract">Abstract</option><option value="pubmed">PubMed</option><option value="pmid">PMID</option></select></div></div></div></div></div></div>
<div class="social-sharing">
<h3 class="title">
Share
</h3>
<ul class="social-sharing-links usa-unstyled-list">
<li>
<a href="http://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Fortification%20of%20salt%20with%20iron%20and%20iodine%20versus%20fortification%20of%20salt%20with%20iodine%20alone%20for%20improving%20iron%20and%20io%E2%80%A6%20https%3A//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35446435/"
class="share-link share-link-twitter"
rel="noreferrer noopener"
target="Pubmed-Social-Media-Share-Popup"
title="Share article on Twitter"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="social"
data-ga-label="twitter"></a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35446435/"
class="share-link share-link-facebook"
rel="noreferrer noopener"
target="Pubmed-Social-Media-Share-Popup"
title="Share article on Facebook"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="social"
data-ga-label="fb"></a>
</li>
<li>
<div class="share-permalink">
<button class="trigger"
title="Show article permalink"
ref="linksrc=show_permalink_btn">
</button>
<div class="dropdown" hidden>
<div class="title">
Permalink
</div>
<div class="content">
<input type="text"
class="permalink-text"
value="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35446435/"
aria-label="Article permalink"/><button class="permalink-copy-button usa-button-primary"
title="Copy article permalink"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="link"
data-ga-label="copy_link"><span class="button-title">Copy</span></button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<nav class="page-navigator" role="navigation" aria-label="Page navigation">
<div class="full-view">
<h3 class="title">
Page navigation
</h3>
<ul class="items-list">
<li class="heading ">
<a href="#heading"
aria-label="navigate to Title &amp; authors section"
data-ga-category="page_nav"
data-ga-action="heading">
Title &amp; authors
</a>
</li>
<li class="abstract ">
<a href="#abstract"
aria-label="navigate to Abstract section"
data-ga-category="page_nav"
data-ga-action="abstract">
Abstract
</a>
</li>
<li class="conflict-of-interest ">
<a href="#conflict-of-interest"
aria-label="navigate to Conflict of interest statement section"
data-ga-category="page_nav"
data-ga-action="conflict-of-interest">
Conflict of interest statement
</a>
</li>
<li class="figures ">
<a href="#figures"
aria-label="navigate to Figures section"
data-ga-category="page_nav"
data-ga-action="figures">
Figures
</a>
</li>
<li class="linked-updated-article current">
<a href="#linked-updated-article"
aria-label="navigate to Update of section"
data-ga-category="page_nav"
data-ga-action="linked-updated-article">
Update of
</a>
</li>
<li class="similar ">
<a href="#similar"
aria-label="navigate to Similar articles section"
data-ga-category="page_nav"
data-ga-action="similar">
Similar articles
</a>
</li>
<li class="citedby ">
<a href="#citedby"
aria-label="navigate to Cited by section"
data-ga-category="page_nav"
data-ga-action="citedby">
Cited by
</a>
</li>
<li class="references ">
<a href="#references"
aria-label="navigate to References section"
data-ga-category="page_nav"
data-ga-action="references">
References
</a>
</li>
<li class="publication-types ">
<a href="#publication-types"
aria-label="navigate to Publication types section"
data-ga-category="page_nav"
data-ga-action="publication-types">
Publication types
</a>
</li>
<li class="mesh-terms ">
<a href="#mesh-terms"
aria-label="navigate to MeSH terms section"
data-ga-category="page_nav"
data-ga-action="mesh-terms">
MeSH terms
</a>
</li>
<li class="substances ">
<a href="#substances"
aria-label="navigate to Substances section"
data-ga-category="page_nav"
data-ga-action="substances">
Substances
</a>
</li>
<li class="related-links ">
<a href="#related-links"
aria-label="navigate to Related information section"
data-ga-category="page_nav"
data-ga-action="related-links">
Related information
</a>
</li>
<li class="linkout ">
<a href="#linkout"
aria-label="navigate to LinkOut - more resources section"
data-ga-category="page_nav"
data-ga-action="linkout">
LinkOut - more resources
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<select class="short-view" autocomplete="off" title="navigate to selected section" aria-label="Navigate to page section">
<option value="heading">Title &amp; authors</option>
<option value="abstract">Abstract</option>
<option value="conflict-of-interest">Conflict of interest statement</option>
<option value="figures">Figures</option>
<option value="linked-updated-article">Update of</option>
<option value="similar">Similar articles</option>
<option value="citedby">Cited by</option>
<option value="references">References</option>
<option value="publication-types">Publication types</option>
<option value="mesh-terms">MeSH terms</option>
<option value="substances">Substances</option>
<option value="related-links">Related information</option>
<option value="linkout">LinkOut - more resources</option>
</select>
</nav>
</div>
</aside>
<main class="article-details" id="article-details">
<!-- "Filters applied" shows only when page is redirected from search -->
<!-- because search found one result -->
<header class="heading" id="heading">
<div class="full-view" id="full-view-heading">
<div class="article-citation">
<div class="publication-type" >Review</div>
<div class="article-source">
<div class="journal-actions dropdown-block"><button id="full-view-journal-trigger"
class="journal-actions-trigger trigger"
ref="linksrc=journal_actions_btn"
title="The Cochrane database of systematic reviews"
tabindex="0"
aria-controls="full-view-journal"
aria-expanded="false"
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for journal The Cochrane database of systematic reviews"
data-pinger-ignore>
Cochrane Database Syst Rev
</button><div id="full-view-journal"
class="journal-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
hidden
aria-label="Dropdown menu for journal The Cochrane database of systematic reviews"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="journal-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
href="/?term=%22Cochrane+Database+Syst+Rev%22%5Bjour%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
data-href="/?term=%22Cochrane+Database+Syst+Rev%22%5Bjour%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_journal_name_link&amp;journal_abbrev=Cochrane Database Syst Rev"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="journal_link"
data-ga-label="Cochrane Database Syst Rev">
Search in PubMed
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-nlm-catalog-link dropdown-block-link"
ref ="linksrc=search_in_nlm_catalog_link"
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Cochrane+Database+Syst+Rev%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D"
data-ga-category="search_catalog"
data-ga-action="journal_link"
data-ga-label="Cochrane Database Syst Rev">
Search in NLM Catalog
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
ref ="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
role="button"
data-search-term='"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"[jour]'
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
data-ga-label='"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"[jour]'
href="#">
Add to Search
</a></li></ul></div></div></div><span class="period">. </span><span class="cit">2022 Apr 21;4(4):CD013463.</span>
</div>
<span class="citation-doi">
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013463.pub2.
</span>
</div>
<h1 class="heading-title">
Fortification of salt with iron and iodine versus fortification of salt with iodine alone for improving iron and iodine status
</h1>
<div class="inline-authors">
<div class="authors">
<div class="authors-list">
<span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Baxter+JB&amp;cauthor_id=35446435"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Jo-Anna B Baxter">Jo-Anna B Baxter</a><sup class="equal-contrib-container"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="equal-contrib" title="Contributed equally" href="#full-view-equal-contrib-explanation" ref="linksrc=author_equal_contrib">#</a></sup><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
1
</a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada." href="#full-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
2
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Carducci+B&amp;cauthor_id=35446435"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Bianca Carducci">Bianca Carducci</a><sup class="equal-contrib-container"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="equal-contrib" title="Contributed equally" href="#full-view-equal-contrib-explanation" ref="linksrc=author_equal_contrib">#</a></sup><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
1
</a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada." href="#full-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
2
</a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada." href="#full-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
3
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Kamali+M&amp;cauthor_id=35446435"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Mahdis Kamali">Mahdis Kamali</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada." href="#full-view-affiliation-4" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
4
</a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Offord Centre for Child Studies, Hamilton, Canada." href="#full-view-affiliation-5" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
5
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Zlotkin+SH&amp;cauthor_id=35446435"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Stanley H Zlotkin">Stanley H Zlotkin</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
1
</a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada." href="#full-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
2
</a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada." href="#full-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
3
</a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada." href="#full-view-affiliation-6" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
6
</a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Munk School of Global Affairs and Public Policy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada." href="#full-view-affiliation-7" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
7
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Bhutta+ZA&amp;cauthor_id=35446435"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Zulfiqar A Bhutta">Zulfiqar A Bhutta</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
1
</a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada." href="#full-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
2
</a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada." href="#full-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
3
</a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada." href="#full-view-affiliation-6" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
6
</a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan." href="#full-view-affiliation-8" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
8
</a></sup></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="short-article-details">
Affiliations
<button
class="more-details"
id="toggle-authors"
data-alt-text="Collapse"
aria-controls="expanded-authors"
aria-expanded="false"
data-pinger-ignore
data-fetch-url="/35446435/long-authors/"
data-id-prefix="">
<span class="title">
Expand
</span>
</button>
</div>
<div class="extended-article-details" id="expanded-authors" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="expanded-authors" id="full-view-expanded-authors">
<div class="affiliations">
<h3 class="title">
Affiliations
</h3>
<ul class="item-list">
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-1"
id="full-view-affiliation-1"
><sup class="key">1</sup> Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-2"
id="full-view-affiliation-2"
><sup class="key">2</sup> Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-3"
id="full-view-affiliation-3"
><sup class="key">3</sup> Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-4"
id="full-view-affiliation-4"
><sup class="key">4</sup> Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-5"
id="full-view-affiliation-5"
><sup class="key">5</sup> Offord Centre for Child Studies, Hamilton, Canada.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-6"
id="full-view-affiliation-6"
><sup class="key">6</sup> Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-7"
id="full-view-affiliation-7"
><sup class="key">7</sup> Munk School of Global Affairs and Public Policy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-8"
id="full-view-affiliation-8"
><sup class="key">8</sup> Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="equal-contrib-block">
<div class="equal-contrib-explanation" id="full-view-equal-contrib-explanation"><sup class="key">#</sup> Contributed equally.</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<ul class="identifiers" id="full-view-identifiers">
<li>
<span class="identifier pubmed">
<span class="id-label">
PMID:
</span>
<strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">35446435</strong>
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="identifier pmc">
<span class="id-label">
PMCID:
</span>
<a class="id-link"
target="_blank"
rel="noopener"
ref="linksrc=article_id_link&amp;article_id=PMC9022669&amp;id_type=PMC"
href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9022669/"
data-ga-category="full_text"
data-ga-action="PMCID"
>
PMC9022669
</a>
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="identifier doi">
<span class="id-label">
DOI:
</span>
<a class="id-link"
target="_blank"
rel="noopener"
ref="linksrc=article_id_link&amp;article_id=10.1002/14651858.CD013463.pub2&amp;id_type=DOI"
href="https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd013463.pub2"
data-ga-category="full_text"
data-ga-action="DOI"
>
10.1002/14651858.CD013463.pub2
</a>
</span>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden>
Item in Clipboard
</div>
</div>
<div class="short-view" id="short-view-heading">
<div class="publication-type" >Review</div>
<h1 class="heading-title">
Fortification of salt with iron and iodine versus fortification of salt with iodine alone for improving iron and iodine status
</h1>
<div class="short-citation">
<span class="authors-list">
<span class="authors-list-item "><span class="full-name">Jo-Anna B Baxter</span><span class="citation-separator">&nbsp;et al.</span></span>
</span>
<span class="citation-journal">
Cochrane Database Syst Rev<span class="citation-separator">.</span>
</span>
<span class="date">
<time class="citation-year" datetime="2022">2022</time><span class="citation-separator">.</span>
</span>
</div>
<div class="more-article-details-section with-display-settings">
<button class="more-article-details"
id="toggle-article-details"
data-alt-text="Hide details"
ref="linksrc=toggle_article_details"
aria-controls="full-article-details"
aria-expanded="false"
data-fetch-url="/35446435/long-authors/"
data-id-prefix="">
<span class="title">Show details</span>
</button>
<div class="display-options" data-format-key="format"
data-default-format-value="abstract"
data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region">
<button
class="trigger usa-button"
title="Change format"
data-ga-category="display_options"
data-ga-action="display_options_dialog">
<span class="button-label">Display options</span>
</button>
<div class="dropdown" hidden>
<div class="title">
Display options
</div>
<div class="content">
<div class="format-container">
<span class="option-label">
Format
</span>
<select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="mobile-display-format">
<option value="abstract">Abstract</option>
<option value="pubmed">PubMed</option>
<option value="pmid">PMID</option>
</select>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="extended-article-details" id="full-article-details" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="article-citation">
<div class="article-source">
<div class="journal-actions dropdown-block"><button id="short-view-journal-trigger"
class="journal-actions-trigger trigger"
ref="linksrc=journal_actions_btn"
title="The Cochrane database of systematic reviews"
tabindex="0"
aria-controls="short-view-journal"
aria-expanded="false"
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for journal The Cochrane database of systematic reviews"
data-pinger-ignore>
Cochrane Database Syst Rev
</button><div id="short-view-journal"
class="journal-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
hidden
aria-label="Dropdown menu for journal The Cochrane database of systematic reviews"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="journal-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
href="/?term=%22Cochrane+Database+Syst+Rev%22%5Bjour%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
data-href="/?term=%22Cochrane+Database+Syst+Rev%22%5Bjour%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_journal_name_link&amp;journal_abbrev=Cochrane Database Syst Rev"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="journal_link"
data-ga-label="Cochrane Database Syst Rev">
Search in PubMed
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-nlm-catalog-link dropdown-block-link"
ref ="linksrc=search_in_nlm_catalog_link"
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Cochrane+Database+Syst+Rev%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D"
data-ga-category="search_catalog"
data-ga-action="journal_link"
data-ga-label="Cochrane Database Syst Rev">
Search in NLM Catalog
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
ref ="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
role="button"
data-search-term='"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"[jour]'
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
data-ga-label='"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"[jour]'
href="#">
Add to Search
</a></li></ul></div></div></div><span class="period">. </span><span class="cit">2022 Apr 21;4(4):CD013463.</span>
</div>
<span class="citation-doi">
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013463.pub2.
</span>
</div>
<div class="expanded-authors" id="short-view-expanded-authors">
<div class="authors">
<h3 class="title">
Authors
</h3>
<div class="authors-list">
<span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Baxter+JB&amp;cauthor_id=35446435"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Jo-Anna B Baxter">Jo-Anna B Baxter</a><sup class="equal-contrib-container"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="equal-contrib" title="Contributed equally" href="#short-view-equal-contrib-explanation" ref="linksrc=author_equal_contrib">#</a></sup><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
1
</a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
2
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Carducci+B&amp;cauthor_id=35446435"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Bianca Carducci">Bianca Carducci</a><sup class="equal-contrib-container"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="equal-contrib" title="Contributed equally" href="#short-view-equal-contrib-explanation" ref="linksrc=author_equal_contrib">#</a></sup><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
1
</a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
2
</a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada." href="#short-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
3
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Kamali+M&amp;cauthor_id=35446435"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Mahdis Kamali">Mahdis Kamali</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada." href="#short-view-affiliation-4" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
4
</a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Offord Centre for Child Studies, Hamilton, Canada." href="#short-view-affiliation-5" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
5
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Zlotkin+SH&amp;cauthor_id=35446435"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Stanley H Zlotkin">Stanley H Zlotkin</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
1
</a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
2
</a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada." href="#short-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
3
</a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada." href="#short-view-affiliation-6" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
6
</a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Munk School of Global Affairs and Public Policy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada." href="#short-view-affiliation-7" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
7
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Bhutta+ZA&amp;cauthor_id=35446435"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Zulfiqar A Bhutta">Zulfiqar A Bhutta</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
1
</a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
2
</a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada." href="#short-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
3
</a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada." href="#short-view-affiliation-6" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
6
</a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan." href="#short-view-affiliation-8" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
8
</a></sup></span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="affiliations">
<h3 class="title">
Affiliations
</h3>
<ul class="item-list">
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-1"
id="short-view-affiliation-1"
><sup class="key">1</sup> Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-2"
id="short-view-affiliation-2"
><sup class="key">2</sup> Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-3"
id="short-view-affiliation-3"
><sup class="key">3</sup> Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-4"
id="short-view-affiliation-4"
><sup class="key">4</sup> Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-5"
id="short-view-affiliation-5"
><sup class="key">5</sup> Offord Centre for Child Studies, Hamilton, Canada.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-6"
id="short-view-affiliation-6"
><sup class="key">6</sup> Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-7"
id="short-view-affiliation-7"
><sup class="key">7</sup> Munk School of Global Affairs and Public Policy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-8"
id="short-view-affiliation-8"
><sup class="key">8</sup> Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="equal-contrib-block">
<div class="equal-contrib-explanation" id="short-view-equal-contrib-explanation"><sup class="key">#</sup> Contributed equally.</div>
</div>
</div>
<ul class="identifiers" id="short-view-identifiers">
<li>
<span class="identifier pubmed">
<span class="id-label">
PMID:
</span>
<strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">35446435</strong>
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="identifier pmc">
<span class="id-label">
PMCID:
</span>
<a class="id-link"
target="_blank"
rel="noopener"
ref="linksrc=article_id_link&amp;article_id=PMC9022669&amp;id_type=PMC"
href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9022669/"
data-ga-category="full_text"
data-ga-action="PMCID"
>
PMC9022669
</a>
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="identifier doi">
<span class="id-label">
DOI:
</span>
<a class="id-link"
target="_blank"
rel="noopener"
ref="linksrc=article_id_link&amp;article_id=10.1002/14651858.CD013463.pub2&amp;id_type=DOI"
href="https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd013463.pub2"
data-ga-category="full_text"
data-ga-action="DOI"
>
10.1002/14651858.CD013463.pub2
</a>
</span>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden>
Item in Clipboard
</div>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<div class="actions-buttons inline"><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger"
title="Open dialog with full text links"
ref="linksrc=full_text_links">
Full text links
</button><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger"
aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="cite"
data-ga-label="open"
data-all-citations-url="/35446435/citations/"
data-citation-style="nlm"
data-pubmed-format-link="/35446435/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger"
title="Open dialog with more actions to take"
ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" data-format-key="format"
data-default-format-value="abstract"
data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"><button
class="trigger usa-button"
title="Change format"
data-ga-category="display_options"
data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"><span class="button-label">Display options</span></button><div class="dropdown" hidden><div class="title">
Display options
</div><div class="content"><div class="format-container"><span class="option-label">
Format
</span><select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="inline-actions-display-format"><option value="abstract">Abstract</option><option value="pubmed">PubMed</option><option value="pmid">PMID</option></select></div></div></div></div></div></div>
<div class="abstract" id="abstract">
<h2 class="title">
Abstract
</h2>
<div class="abstract-content selected"
id="eng-abstract">
<p>
<strong class="sub-title">
Background:
</strong>
Iron deficiency is an important micronutrient deficiency contributing to the global burden of disease, and particularly affects children, premenopausal women, and people in low-resource settings. Anaemia is a possible consequence of iron deficiency, although clinical and functional manifestations of anemia can occur without iron deficiency (e.g. from other nutritional deficiencies, inflammation, and parasitic infections). Direct nutritional interventions, such as large-scale food fortification, can improve micronutrient status, especially in vulnerable populations. Given the highly successful delivery of iodine through salt iodisation, fortifying salt with iodine and iron has been proposed as a method for preventing iron deficiency anaemia. Further investigation of the effect of double-fortified salt (i.e. with iron and iodine) on iron deficiency and related outcomes is warranted. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of double-fortified salt (DFS) compared to iodised salt (IS) on measures of iron and iodine status in all age groups.
</p>
<p>
<strong class="sub-title">
Search methods:
</strong>
We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, five other databases, and two trial registries up to April 2021. We also searched relevant websites, reference lists, and contacted the authors of included studies.
</p>
<p>
<strong class="sub-title">
Selection criteria:
</strong>
All prospective randomised controlled trials (RCTs), including cluster-randomised controlled trials (cRCTs), and controlled before-after (CBA) studies, comparing DFS with IS on measures of iron and iodine status were eligible, irrespective of language or publication status. Study reports published as abstracts were also eligible.
</p>
<p>
<strong class="sub-title">
Data collection and analysis:
</strong>
Three review authors applied the study selection criteria, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. Two review authors rated the certainty of the evidence using GRADE. When necessary, we contacted study authors for additional information. We assessed RCTs, cRCTs and CBA studies using the Cochrane RoB 1 tool and Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care (EPOC) tool across the following domains: random sequence generation; allocation concealment; blinding of participants and personnel; blinding of outcome assessment; incomplete outcome data; selective reporting; and other potential sources of bias due to similar baseline characteristics, similar baseline outcome assessments, and declarations of conflicts of interest and funding sources. We also assessed cRCTs for recruitment bias, baseline imbalance, loss of clusters, incorrect analysis, and comparability with individually randomised studies. We assigned studies an overall risk of bias judgement (low risk, high risk, or unclear). MAIN RESULTS: We included 18 studies (7 RCTs, 7 cRCTs, 4 CBA studies), involving over 8800 individuals from five countries. One study did not contribute to analyses. All studies used IS as the comparator and measured and reported outcomes at study endpoint. With regards to risk of bias, five RCTs had unclear risk of bias, with some concerns in random sequence generation and allocation concealment, while we assessed two RCTs to have a high risk of bias overall, whereby high risk was noted in at least one or more domain(s). Of the seven cRCTs, we assessed six at high risk of bias overall, with one or more domain(s) judged as high risk and one cRCT had an unclear risk of bias with concerns around allocation and blinding. The four CBA studies had high or unclear risk of bias for most domains. The RCT evidence suggested that, compared to IS, DFS may slightly improve haemoglobin concentration (mean difference (MD) 0.43 g/dL, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.23 to 0.63; 13 studies, 4564 participants; low-certainty evidence), but DFS may reduce urinary iodine concentration compared to IS (MD -96.86 μg/L, 95% CI -164.99 to -28.73; 7 studies, 1594 participants; low-certainty evidence), although both salts increased mean urinary iodine concentration above the cut-off deficiency. For CBA studies, we found DFS made no difference in haemoglobin concentration (MD 0.26 g/dL, 95% CI -0.10 to 0.63; 4 studies, 1397 participants) or urinary iodine concentration (MD -17.27 µg/L, 95% CI -49.27 to 14.73; 3 studies, 1127 participants). No studies measured blood pressure. For secondary outcomes reported in RCTs, DFS may result in little to no difference in ferritin concentration (MD -3.94 µg/L, 95% CI -20.65 to 12.77; 5 studies, 1419 participants; low-certainty evidence) or transferrin receptor concentration (MD -4.68 mg/L, 95% CI -11.67 to 2.31; 5 studies, 1256 participants; low-certainty evidence) compared to IS. However, DFS may reduce zinc protoporphyrin concentration (MD -27.26 µmol/mol, 95% CI -47.49 to -7.03; 3 studies, 921 participants; low-certainty evidence) and result in a slight increase in body iron stores (MD 1.77 mg/kg, 95% CI 0.79 to 2.74; 4 studies, 847 participants; low-certainty evidence). In terms of prevalence of anaemia, DFS may reduce the risk of anaemia by 21% (risk ratio (RR) 0.79, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.94; P = 0.007; 8 studies, 2593 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). Likewise, DFS may reduce the risk of iron deficiency anaemia by 65% (RR 0.35, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.52; 5 studies, 1209 participants; low-certainty evidence). Four studies measured salt intake at endline, although only one study reported this for both groups. Two studies reported prevalence of goitre, while one CBA study measured and reported serum iron concentration. One study reported adverse effects. No studies measured hepcidin concentration.
</p>
<p>
<strong class="sub-title">
Authors&#x27; conclusions:
</strong>
Our findings suggest DFS may have a small positive impact on haemoglobin concentration and the prevalence of anaemia compared to IS, particularly when considering efficacy studies. Future research should prioritise studies that incorporate robust study designs and outcome measures (e.g. anaemia, iron status measures) to better understand the effect of DFS provision to a free-living population (non-research population), where there could be an added cost to purchase double-fortified salt. Adequately measuring salt intake, both at baseline and endline, and adjusting for inflammation will be important to understanding the true effect on measures of iron status.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="copyright" id="copyright">
Copyright © 2022 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
</p>
<p class="disclaimer" id="disclaimer">
<a href="/disclaimer/" target="_blank" data-ga-category="literature_resources"
data-ga-action="disclaimer_link" data-ga-label="under_abstract">PubMed Disclaimer</a>
</p>
<div class="conflict-of-interest" id="conflict-of-interest">
<h2 class="title">
Conflict of interest statement
</h2>
<div class="statement">
<p xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:p1="http://pubmed.gov/pub-one">J‐ABB: has declared that they have no conflict of interest.</p>
<p xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:p1="http://pubmed.gov/pub-one">BC: has declared that they have no conflict of interest.</p>
<p xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:p1="http://pubmed.gov/pub-one">MK: has declared that they have no conflict of interest.</p>
<p xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:p1="http://pubmed.gov/pub-one">SHZ: reports being involved in a study eligible for inclusion in the work; the study was funded by the Micronutrient Initiative but they had no control over the study design, methods, data analysis and reporting. SHZ also reports being a member of the Home Fortification Technical Advisory Group in an unpaid position.</p>
<p xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:p1="http://pubmed.gov/pub-one">ZAB: has declared that they have no conflict of interest. </p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="figures" id="figures">
<h2 class="title">
Figures
</h2>
<div class="figures-list" id="slides-container"
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageGallery">
<figure class="figure-item "
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
itemprop="associatedMedia"
data-slide-index="0"
data-label-slug="1">
<a class="figure-link"
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a8f5/9022669/bccc4235fa80/nCD013463-FIG-01.jpg"
itemprop="contentUrl"
aria-describedby="figure-caption-0"
role="button"
data-image-width="513"
data-image-height="968"
data-image-alt="1"
data-pmc-id="PMC9022669"
data-figure-id="CD013463-fig-0001">
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
id="article-image-0"
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a8f5/9022669/f2409517d957/nCD013463-FIG-01.gif"
alt="1" />
</a>
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="513">
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="968">
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="caption-wrap">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> 1 </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Study flow diagram. </p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> 1 </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Study flow diagram. </p></div>
</div>
<figcaption id="figure-caption-0" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
<strong class="figure-label">
1
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Study flow diagram.</div>
</figcaption>
</figure>
<figure class="figure-item "
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
itemprop="associatedMedia"
data-slide-index="1"
data-label-slug="2">
<a class="figure-link"
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a8f5/9022669/a60bdb3f2d0d/tCD013463-FIG-02.jpg"
itemprop="contentUrl"
aria-describedby="figure-caption-1"
role="button"
data-image-width="100"
data-image-height="100"
data-image-alt="2"
data-pmc-id="PMC9022669"
data-figure-id="CD013463-fig-0002">
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
id="article-image-1"
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a8f5/9022669/2440de29ed28/tCD013463-FIG-02.gif"
alt="2" />
</a>
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="100">
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="100">
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="caption-wrap">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> 2 </p>
</strong>
</div>
</div>
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> 2 </p>
</strong>
</div>
<figcaption id="figure-caption-1" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
<strong class="figure-label">
2
</strong>
</figcaption>
</figure>
<figure class="figure-item "
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
itemprop="associatedMedia"
data-slide-index="2"
data-label-slug="3">
<a class="figure-link"
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a8f5/9022669/1cc92bec1ca8/tCD013463-FIG-03.jpg"
itemprop="contentUrl"
aria-describedby="figure-caption-2"
role="button"
data-image-width="100"
data-image-height="100"
data-image-alt="3"
data-pmc-id="PMC9022669"
data-figure-id="CD013463-fig-0003">
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
id="article-image-2"
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a8f5/9022669/6080e8bad7c9/tCD013463-FIG-03.gif"
alt="3" />
</a>
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="100">
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="100">
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="caption-wrap">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> 3 </p>
</strong>
</div>
</div>
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> 3 </p>
</strong>
</div>
<figcaption id="figure-caption-2" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
<strong class="figure-label">
3
</strong>
</figcaption>
</figure>
<figure class="figure-item "
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
itemprop="associatedMedia"
data-slide-index="3"
data-label-slug="4">
<a class="figure-link"
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a8f5/9022669/37b7240ca32e/tCD013463-FIG-04.jpg"
itemprop="contentUrl"
aria-describedby="figure-caption-3"
role="button"
data-image-width="100"
data-image-height="100"
data-image-alt="4"
data-pmc-id="PMC9022669"
data-figure-id="CD013463-fig-0004">
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
id="article-image-3"
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a8f5/9022669/8841293deffd/tCD013463-FIG-04.gif"
alt="4" />
</a>
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="100">
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="100">
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="caption-wrap">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> 4 </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Funnel plot of comparison 1: double‐fortified… </p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> 4 </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Funnel plot of comparison 1: double‐fortified salt versus iodised salt, outcome: 1.1 haemoglobin concentration… </p></div>
</div>
<figcaption id="figure-caption-3" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
<strong class="figure-label">
4
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Funnel plot of comparison 1: double‐fortified salt versus iodised salt, outcome: 1.1 haemoglobin concentration [g/dL]</div>
</figcaption>
</figure>
<figure class="figure-item "
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
itemprop="associatedMedia"
data-slide-index="4"
data-label-slug="11">
<a class="figure-link"
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a8f5/9022669/942424f1b634/tCD013463-CMP-001.01.jpg"
itemprop="contentUrl"
aria-describedby="figure-caption-4"
role="button"
data-image-width="100"
data-image-height="100"
data-image-alt="1.1"
data-pmc-id="PMC9022669"
data-figure-id="CD013463-fig-0005">
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
id="article-image-4"
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a8f5/9022669/a85ad120f7db/tCD013463-CMP-001.01.gif"
alt="1.1" />
</a>
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="100">
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="100">
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="caption-wrap">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> 1.1. Analysis </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 1: Double‐fortified salt versus… </p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> 1.1. Analysis </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 1: Double‐fortified salt versus iodised salt, Outcome 1: Haemoglobin concentration </p></div>
</div>
<figcaption id="figure-caption-4" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
<strong class="figure-label">
1.1. Analysis
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Comparison 1: Double‐fortified salt versus iodised salt, Outcome 1: Haemoglobin concentration</div>
</figcaption>
</figure>
<figure class="figure-item "
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
itemprop="associatedMedia"
data-slide-index="5"
data-label-slug="12">
<a class="figure-link"
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a8f5/9022669/73ed39e53aec/tCD013463-CMP-001.02.jpg"
itemprop="contentUrl"
aria-describedby="figure-caption-5"
role="button"
data-image-width="100"
data-image-height="100"
data-image-alt="1.2"
data-pmc-id="PMC9022669"
data-figure-id="CD013463-fig-0006">
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
id="article-image-5"
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a8f5/9022669/15119cebecb3/tCD013463-CMP-001.02.gif"
alt="1.2" />
</a>
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="100">
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="100">
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="caption-wrap">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> 1.2. Analysis </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 1: Double‐fortified salt versus… </p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> 1.2. Analysis </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 1: Double‐fortified salt versus iodised salt, Outcome 2: Urinary iodine concentration </p></div>
</div>
<figcaption id="figure-caption-5" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
<strong class="figure-label">
1.2. Analysis
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Comparison 1: Double‐fortified salt versus iodised salt, Outcome 2: Urinary iodine concentration</div>
</figcaption>
</figure>
<figure class="figure-item tail"
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
itemprop="associatedMedia"
data-slide-index="6"
data-label-slug="13">
<a class="figure-link"
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a8f5/9022669/e6aa1d2dda23/tCD013463-CMP-001.03.jpg"
itemprop="contentUrl"
aria-describedby="figure-caption-6"
role="button"
data-image-width="100"
data-image-height="100"
data-image-alt="1.3"
data-pmc-id="PMC9022669"
data-figure-id="CD013463-fig-0007">
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
id="article-image-6"
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a8f5/9022669/fe9848e30649/tCD013463-CMP-001.03.gif"
alt="1.3" />
</a>
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="100">
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="100">
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="caption-wrap">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> 1.3. Analysis </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 1: Double‐fortified salt versus… </p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> 1.3. Analysis </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 1: Double‐fortified salt versus iodised salt, Outcome 3: Ferritin concentration </p></div>
</div>
<figcaption id="figure-caption-6" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
<strong class="figure-label">
1.3. Analysis
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Comparison 1: Double‐fortified salt versus iodised salt, Outcome 3: Ferritin concentration</div>
</figcaption>
</figure>
<figure class="figure-item tail"
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
itemprop="associatedMedia"
data-slide-index="7"
data-label-slug="14">
<a class="figure-link"
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a8f5/9022669/78738366eecb/tCD013463-CMP-001.04.jpg"
itemprop="contentUrl"
aria-describedby="figure-caption-7"
role="button"
data-image-width="100"
data-image-height="100"
data-image-alt="1.4"
data-pmc-id="PMC9022669"
data-figure-id="CD013463-fig-0008">
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
id="article-image-7"
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a8f5/9022669/a1d5f8400d36/tCD013463-CMP-001.04.gif"
alt="1.4" />
</a>
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="100">
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="100">
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="caption-wrap">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> 1.4. Analysis </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 1: Double‐fortified salt versus… </p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> 1.4. Analysis </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 1: Double‐fortified salt versus iodised salt, Outcome 4: Transferrin receptor concentration </p></div>
</div>
<figcaption id="figure-caption-7" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
<strong class="figure-label">
1.4. Analysis
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Comparison 1: Double‐fortified salt versus iodised salt, Outcome 4: Transferrin receptor concentration</div>
</figcaption>
</figure>
<figure class="figure-item tail"
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
itemprop="associatedMedia"
data-slide-index="8"
data-label-slug="15">
<a class="figure-link"
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a8f5/9022669/043f7fe03280/tCD013463-CMP-001.05.jpg"
itemprop="contentUrl"
aria-describedby="figure-caption-8"
role="button"
data-image-width="100"
data-image-height="100"
data-image-alt="1.5"
data-pmc-id="PMC9022669"
data-figure-id="CD013463-fig-0009">
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
id="article-image-8"
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a8f5/9022669/6fdeb5f055f8/tCD013463-CMP-001.05.gif"
alt="1.5" />
</a>
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="100">
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="100">
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="caption-wrap">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> 1.5. Analysis </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 1: Double‐fortified salt versus… </p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> 1.5. Analysis </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 1: Double‐fortified salt versus iodised salt, Outcome 5: Body iron stores </p></div>
</div>
<figcaption id="figure-caption-8" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
<strong class="figure-label">
1.5. Analysis
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Comparison 1: Double‐fortified salt versus iodised salt, Outcome 5: Body iron stores</div>
</figcaption>
</figure>
<figure class="figure-item tail"
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
itemprop="associatedMedia"
data-slide-index="9"
data-label-slug="16">
<a class="figure-link"
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a8f5/9022669/16bc5f58a7da/tCD013463-CMP-001.06.jpg"
itemprop="contentUrl"
aria-describedby="figure-caption-9"
role="button"
data-image-width="100"
data-image-height="100"
data-image-alt="1.6"
data-pmc-id="PMC9022669"
data-figure-id="CD013463-fig-0010">
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
id="article-image-9"
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a8f5/9022669/ea902046b12e/tCD013463-CMP-001.06.gif"
alt="1.6" />
</a>
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="100">
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="100">
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="caption-wrap">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> 1.6. Analysis </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 1: Double‐fortified salt versus… </p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> 1.6. Analysis </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 1: Double‐fortified salt versus iodised salt, Outcome 6: Zinc protoporphyrin </p></div>
</div>
<figcaption id="figure-caption-9" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
<strong class="figure-label">
1.6. Analysis
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Comparison 1: Double‐fortified salt versus iodised salt, Outcome 6: Zinc protoporphyrin</div>
</figcaption>
</figure>
<figure class="figure-item tail"
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
itemprop="associatedMedia"
data-slide-index="10"
data-label-slug="17">
<a class="figure-link"
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a8f5/9022669/ece21edd35df/tCD013463-CMP-001.07.jpg"
itemprop="contentUrl"
aria-describedby="figure-caption-10"
role="button"
data-image-width="100"
data-image-height="100"
data-image-alt="1.7"
data-pmc-id="PMC9022669"
data-figure-id="CD013463-fig-0011">
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
id="article-image-10"
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a8f5/9022669/0205f5b4d486/tCD013463-CMP-001.07.gif"
alt="1.7" />
</a>
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="100">
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="100">
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="caption-wrap">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> 1.7. Analysis </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 1: Double‐fortified salt versus… </p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> 1.7. Analysis </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 1: Double‐fortified salt versus iodised salt, Outcome 7: Prevalence of anaemia </p></div>
</div>
<figcaption id="figure-caption-10" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
<strong class="figure-label">
1.7. Analysis
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Comparison 1: Double‐fortified salt versus iodised salt, Outcome 7: Prevalence of anaemia</div>
</figcaption>
</figure>
<figure class="figure-item tail"
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
itemprop="associatedMedia"
data-slide-index="11"
data-label-slug="18">
<a class="figure-link"
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a8f5/9022669/1a62c31daca6/tCD013463-CMP-001.08.jpg"
itemprop="contentUrl"
aria-describedby="figure-caption-11"
role="button"
data-image-width="100"
data-image-height="100"
data-image-alt="1.8"
data-pmc-id="PMC9022669"
data-figure-id="CD013463-fig-0012">
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
id="article-image-11"
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a8f5/9022669/cd471d3ce020/tCD013463-CMP-001.08.gif"
alt="1.8" />
</a>
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="100">
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="100">
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="caption-wrap">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> 1.8. Analysis </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 1: Double‐fortified salt versus… </p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> 1.8. Analysis </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 1: Double‐fortified salt versus iodised salt, Outcome 8: Prevalence of iron deficiency… </p></div>
</div>
<figcaption id="figure-caption-11" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
<strong class="figure-label">
1.8. Analysis
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Comparison 1: Double‐fortified salt versus iodised salt, Outcome 8: Prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia</div>
</figcaption>
</figure>
<figure class="figure-item tail"
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
itemprop="associatedMedia"
data-slide-index="12"
data-label-slug="21">
<a class="figure-link"
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a8f5/9022669/0d232ea1e2f6/tCD013463-CMP-002.01.jpg"
itemprop="contentUrl"
aria-describedby="figure-caption-12"
role="button"
data-image-width="100"
data-image-height="100"
data-image-alt="2.1"
data-pmc-id="PMC9022669"
data-figure-id="CD013463-fig-0013">
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
id="article-image-12"
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a8f5/9022669/b3896e85e643/tCD013463-CMP-002.01.gif"
alt="2.1" />
</a>
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="100">
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="100">
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="caption-wrap">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> 2.1. Analysis </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 2: Double‐fortified salt versus… </p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> 2.1. Analysis </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 2: Double‐fortified salt versus iodised salt: non‐randomised controlled trials, Outcome 1: Haemoglobin… </p></div>
</div>
<figcaption id="figure-caption-12" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
<strong class="figure-label">
2.1. Analysis
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Comparison 2: Double‐fortified salt versus iodised salt: non‐randomised controlled trials, Outcome 1: Haemoglobin concentration</div>
</figcaption>
</figure>
<figure class="figure-item tail"
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
itemprop="associatedMedia"
data-slide-index="13"
data-label-slug="22">
<a class="figure-link"
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a8f5/9022669/874016d8c145/tCD013463-CMP-002.02.jpg"
itemprop="contentUrl"
aria-describedby="figure-caption-13"
role="button"
data-image-width="100"
data-image-height="100"
data-image-alt="2.2"
data-pmc-id="PMC9022669"
data-figure-id="CD013463-fig-0014">
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
id="article-image-13"
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a8f5/9022669/e7910c67700e/tCD013463-CMP-002.02.gif"
alt="2.2" />
</a>
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="100">
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="100">
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="caption-wrap">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> 2.2. Analysis </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 2: Double‐fortified salt versus… </p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> 2.2. Analysis </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 2: Double‐fortified salt versus iodised salt: non‐randomised controlled trials, Outcome 2: Urinary… </p></div>
</div>
<figcaption id="figure-caption-13" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
<strong class="figure-label">
2.2. Analysis
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Comparison 2: Double‐fortified salt versus iodised salt: non‐randomised controlled trials, Outcome 2: Urinary iodine concentration</div>
</figcaption>
</figure>
<figure class="figure-item tail"
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
itemprop="associatedMedia"
data-slide-index="14"
data-label-slug="23">
<a class="figure-link"
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a8f5/9022669/ed3a37ef86cf/tCD013463-CMP-002.03.jpg"
itemprop="contentUrl"
aria-describedby="figure-caption-14"
role="button"
data-image-width="100"
data-image-height="100"
data-image-alt="2.3"
data-pmc-id="PMC9022669"
data-figure-id="CD013463-fig-0015">
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
id="article-image-14"
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a8f5/9022669/e7d630a0ea77/tCD013463-CMP-002.03.gif"
alt="2.3" />
</a>
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="100">
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="100">
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="caption-wrap">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> 2.3. Analysis </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 2: Double‐fortified salt versus… </p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> 2.3. Analysis </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 2: Double‐fortified salt versus iodised salt: non‐randomised controlled trials, Outcome 3: Prevalence… </p></div>
</div>
<figcaption id="figure-caption-14" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
<strong class="figure-label">
2.3. Analysis
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Comparison 2: Double‐fortified salt versus iodised salt: non‐randomised controlled trials, Outcome 3: Prevalence of anaemia</div>
</figcaption>
</figure>
<figure class="figure-item tail"
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
itemprop="associatedMedia"
data-slide-index="15"
data-label-slug="24">
<a class="figure-link"
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a8f5/9022669/2a2d9fc90ca7/tCD013463-CMP-002.04.jpg"
itemprop="contentUrl"
aria-describedby="figure-caption-15"
role="button"
data-image-width="100"
data-image-height="100"
data-image-alt="2.4"
data-pmc-id="PMC9022669"
data-figure-id="CD013463-fig-0016">
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
id="article-image-15"
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a8f5/9022669/a97a03e9bbef/tCD013463-CMP-002.04.gif"
alt="2.4" />
</a>
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="100">
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="100">
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="caption-wrap">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> 2.4. Analysis </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 2: Double‐fortified salt versus… </p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> 2.4. Analysis </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 2: Double‐fortified salt versus iodised salt: non‐randomised controlled trials, Outcome 4: Prevalence… </p></div>
</div>
<figcaption id="figure-caption-15" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
<strong class="figure-label">
2.4. Analysis
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Comparison 2: Double‐fortified salt versus iodised salt: non‐randomised controlled trials, Outcome 4: Prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia</div>
</figcaption>
</figure>
<figure class="figure-item tail"
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
itemprop="associatedMedia"
data-slide-index="16"
data-label-slug="31">
<a class="figure-link"
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a8f5/9022669/69701465a466/tCD013463-CMP-003.01.jpg"
itemprop="contentUrl"
aria-describedby="figure-caption-16"
role="button"
data-image-width="100"
data-image-height="100"
data-image-alt="3.1"
data-pmc-id="PMC9022669"
data-figure-id="CD013463-fig-0017">
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
id="article-image-16"
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a8f5/9022669/063533c9d56b/tCD013463-CMP-003.01.gif"
alt="3.1" />
</a>
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="100">
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="100">
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="caption-wrap">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> 3.1. Analysis </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 3: Double‐fortified salt versus… </p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> 3.1. Analysis </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 3: Double‐fortified salt versus iodised: subgroup analysis, haemoglobin, Outcome 1: Haemoglobin concentration… </p></div>
</div>
<figcaption id="figure-caption-16" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
<strong class="figure-label">
3.1. Analysis
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Comparison 3: Double‐fortified salt versus iodised: subgroup analysis, haemoglobin, Outcome 1: Haemoglobin concentration by life stage</div>
</figcaption>
</figure>
<figure class="figure-item tail"
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
itemprop="associatedMedia"
data-slide-index="17"
data-label-slug="32">
<a class="figure-link"
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a8f5/9022669/6cf2834bdfd4/tCD013463-CMP-003.02.jpg"
itemprop="contentUrl"
aria-describedby="figure-caption-17"
role="button"
data-image-width="100"
data-image-height="100"
data-image-alt="3.2"
data-pmc-id="PMC9022669"
data-figure-id="CD013463-fig-0018">
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
id="article-image-17"
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a8f5/9022669/9b8f70a81fca/tCD013463-CMP-003.02.gif"
alt="3.2" />
</a>
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="100">
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="100">
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="caption-wrap">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> 3.2. Analysis </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 3: Double‐fortified salt versus… </p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> 3.2. Analysis </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 3: Double‐fortified salt versus iodised: subgroup analysis, haemoglobin, Outcome 2: Haemoglobin concentration… </p></div>
</div>
<figcaption id="figure-caption-17" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
<strong class="figure-label">
3.2. Analysis
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Comparison 3: Double‐fortified salt versus iodised: subgroup analysis, haemoglobin, Outcome 2: Haemoglobin concentration by study design</div>
</figcaption>
</figure>
<figure class="figure-item tail"
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
itemprop="associatedMedia"
data-slide-index="18"
data-label-slug="33">
<a class="figure-link"
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a8f5/9022669/c78064bfe28a/tCD013463-CMP-003.03.jpg"
itemprop="contentUrl"
aria-describedby="figure-caption-18"
role="button"
data-image-width="100"
data-image-height="100"
data-image-alt="3.3"
data-pmc-id="PMC9022669"
data-figure-id="CD013463-fig-0019">
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
id="article-image-18"
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a8f5/9022669/868508e1dabb/tCD013463-CMP-003.03.gif"
alt="3.3" />
</a>
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="100">
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="100">
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="caption-wrap">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> 3.3. Analysis </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 3: Double‐fortified salt versus… </p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> 3.3. Analysis </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 3: Double‐fortified salt versus iodised: subgroup analysis, haemoglobin, Outcome 3: Haemoglobin concentration… </p></div>
</div>
<figcaption id="figure-caption-18" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
<strong class="figure-label">
3.3. Analysis
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Comparison 3: Double‐fortified salt versus iodised: subgroup analysis, haemoglobin, Outcome 3: Haemoglobin concentration by iron compound</div>
</figcaption>
</figure>
<figure class="figure-item tail"
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
itemprop="associatedMedia"
data-slide-index="19"
data-label-slug="34">
<a class="figure-link"
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a8f5/9022669/2d79010e1376/tCD013463-CMP-003.04.jpg"
itemprop="contentUrl"
aria-describedby="figure-caption-19"
role="button"
data-image-width="100"
data-image-height="100"
data-image-alt="3.4"
data-pmc-id="PMC9022669"
data-figure-id="CD013463-fig-0020">
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
id="article-image-19"
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a8f5/9022669/24af24f98eaa/tCD013463-CMP-003.04.gif"
alt="3.4" />
</a>
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="100">
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="100">
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="caption-wrap">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> 3.4. Analysis </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 3: Double‐fortified salt versus… </p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> 3.4. Analysis </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 3: Double‐fortified salt versus iodised: subgroup analysis, haemoglobin, Outcome 4: Haemoglobin concentration… </p></div>
</div>
<figcaption id="figure-caption-19" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
<strong class="figure-label">
3.4. Analysis
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Comparison 3: Double‐fortified salt versus iodised: subgroup analysis, haemoglobin, Outcome 4: Haemoglobin concentration by deworming status</div>
</figcaption>
</figure>
<figure class="figure-item tail"
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
itemprop="associatedMedia"
data-slide-index="20"
data-label-slug="35">
<a class="figure-link"
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a8f5/9022669/7e4850607b87/tCD013463-CMP-003.05.jpg"
itemprop="contentUrl"
aria-describedby="figure-caption-20"
role="button"
data-image-width="100"
data-image-height="100"
data-image-alt="3.5"
data-pmc-id="PMC9022669"
data-figure-id="CD013463-fig-0021">
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
id="article-image-20"
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a8f5/9022669/781da6886edd/tCD013463-CMP-003.05.gif"
alt="3.5" />
</a>
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="100">
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="100">
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="caption-wrap">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> 3.5. Analysis </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 3: Double‐fortified salt versus… </p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> 3.5. Analysis </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 3: Double‐fortified salt versus iodised: subgroup analysis, haemoglobin, Outcome 5: Haemoglobin concentration… </p></div>
</div>
<figcaption id="figure-caption-20" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
<strong class="figure-label">
3.5. Analysis
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Comparison 3: Double‐fortified salt versus iodised: subgroup analysis, haemoglobin, Outcome 5: Haemoglobin concentration by anaemia status</div>
</figcaption>
</figure>
<figure class="figure-item tail"
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
itemprop="associatedMedia"
data-slide-index="21"
data-label-slug="36">
<a class="figure-link"
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a8f5/9022669/bce56794f2bd/tCD013463-CMP-003.06.jpg"
itemprop="contentUrl"
aria-describedby="figure-caption-21"
role="button"
data-image-width="100"
data-image-height="100"
data-image-alt="3.6"
data-pmc-id="PMC9022669"
data-figure-id="CD013463-fig-0022">
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
id="article-image-21"
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a8f5/9022669/f9eab7dfb198/tCD013463-CMP-003.06.gif"
alt="3.6" />
</a>
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="100">
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="100">
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="caption-wrap">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> 3.6. Analysis </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 3: Double‐fortified salt versus… </p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> 3.6. Analysis </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 3: Double‐fortified salt versus iodised: subgroup analysis, haemoglobin, Outcome 6: Haemoglobin concentration… </p></div>
</div>
<figcaption id="figure-caption-21" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
<strong class="figure-label">
3.6. Analysis
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Comparison 3: Double‐fortified salt versus iodised: subgroup analysis, haemoglobin, Outcome 6: Haemoglobin concentration by study duration</div>
</figcaption>
</figure>
<figure class="figure-item tail"
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
itemprop="associatedMedia"
data-slide-index="22"
data-label-slug="41">
<a class="figure-link"
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a8f5/9022669/12263d781010/tCD013463-CMP-004.01.jpg"
itemprop="contentUrl"
aria-describedby="figure-caption-22"
role="button"
data-image-width="100"
data-image-height="100"
data-image-alt="4.1"
data-pmc-id="PMC9022669"
data-figure-id="CD013463-fig-0023">
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
id="article-image-22"
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a8f5/9022669/7cb7ab685b33/tCD013463-CMP-004.01.gif"
alt="4.1" />
</a>
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="100">
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="100">
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="caption-wrap">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> 4.1. Analysis </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 4: Sensitivity analyses, Outcome… </p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> 4.1. Analysis </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 4: Sensitivity analyses, Outcome 1: Unadjusted estimates, haemoglobin concentration </p></div>
</div>
<figcaption id="figure-caption-22" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
<strong class="figure-label">
4.1. Analysis
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Comparison 4: Sensitivity analyses, Outcome 1: Unadjusted estimates, haemoglobin concentration</div>
</figcaption>
</figure>
<figure class="figure-item tail"
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
itemprop="associatedMedia"
data-slide-index="23"
data-label-slug="42">
<a class="figure-link"
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a8f5/9022669/bc167dfc433f/tCD013463-CMP-004.02.jpg"
itemprop="contentUrl"
aria-describedby="figure-caption-23"
role="button"
data-image-width="100"
data-image-height="100"
data-image-alt="4.2"
data-pmc-id="PMC9022669"
data-figure-id="CD013463-fig-0024">
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
id="article-image-23"
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a8f5/9022669/62702cfb321a/tCD013463-CMP-004.02.gif"
alt="4.2" />
</a>
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="100">
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="100">
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="caption-wrap">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> 4.2. Analysis </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 4: Sensitivity analyses, Outcome… </p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> 4.2. Analysis </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Comparison 4: Sensitivity analyses, Outcome 2: Removal of high risk of bias studies,… </p></div>
</div>
<figcaption id="figure-caption-23" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
<strong class="figure-label">
4.2. Analysis
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Comparison 4: Sensitivity analyses, Outcome 2: Removal of high risk of bias studies, haemoglobin concentration</div>
</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
<div class="see-all actions-bar">
<button
class="show-more"
aria-controls="slides-container"
data-ga-category="figure"
data-ga-action="show_all">
All figures (24)
</button>
</div>
<!-- Root element of PhotoSwipe. Must have class pswp. -->
<div class="pswp figures-dialog" id="figures-dialog" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-hidden="true"
data-image-gallery-uid="article-figures" aria-label="Figures Dialog">
<!-- Background of PhotoSwipe.
It's a separate element as animating opacity is faster than rgba(). -->
<div class="pswp__bg"></div>
<!-- Slides wrapper with overflow:hidden. -->
<div class="pswp__scroll-wrap">
<!-- Container that holds slides.
PhotoSwipe keeps only 3 of them in the DOM to save memory.
Don't modify these 3 pswp__item elements, data is added later on. -->
<div class="pswp__container">
<div class="pswp__item"></div>
<div class="pswp__item"></div>
<div class="pswp__item"></div>
</div>
<!-- Default (PhotoSwipeUI_Default) interface on top of sliding area. Can be changed. -->
<div class="pswp__ui pswp__ui--hidden">
<div class="pswp__top-bar">
<!-- Controls are self-explanatory. Order can be changed. -->
<div class="pswp__counter"></div>
<button class="pswp__button pswp__button--close" title="Close (Esc)"></button>
<button class="pswp__button pswp__button--share" title="Share"></button>
<button class="pswp__button pswp__button--fs" title="Toggle fullscreen"></button>
<button class="pswp__button pswp__button--zoom" title="Zoom in/out"></button>
<!-- Preloader demo http://codepen.io/dimsemenov/pen/yyBWoR -->
<!-- element will get class pswp__preloader--active when preloader is running -->
<div class="pswp__preloader">
<div class="pswp__preloader__icn">
<div class="pswp__preloader__cut">
<div class="pswp__preloader__donut"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="pswp__share-modal pswp__share-modal--hidden pswp__single-tap">
<div class="pswp__share-tooltip"></div>
</div>
<button class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--left" title="Previous (arrow left)">
</button>
<button class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--right" title="Next (arrow right)">
</button>
<div class="pswp__caption">
<div class="pswp__caption__center"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="figure-dialog-caption">
<div class="figure-caption-link-container">
<a class="figure-caption-link" href="#">See this image and copyright information in PMC</a>
</div>
<div class="figure-caption-center"
data-expand-title="click to show full caption"
data-collapse-title="click to hide full caption">
</div>
<button class="figure-caption-toggle-btn"
aria-label="show full caption"
data-expand-text="show full caption"
data-collapse-text="hide full caption">
<!-- Dynamic text -->
</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="linked-articles" id="linked-updated-article">
<h2 class="title">
Update of
</h2>
<ul class="item-list usa-unstyled-list">
<li class="raw-citation">doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013463</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="similar-articles" id="similar">
<h2 class="title">
Similar articles
</h2>
<ul class="articles-list" id="similar-articles-list">
<li class="full-docsum">
<div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;">
<a class="docsum-title"
href="/36321557/"
ref="article_id=36321557&amp;linksrc=similar_articles_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="similar_article"
data-ga-action="36321557"
data-ga-label="">
Folic acid supplementation and malaria susceptibility and severity among people taking antifolate antimalarial drugs in endemic areas.
</a>
<div class="docsum-citation full-citation">
<span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Crider K, Williams J, Qi YP, Gutman J, Yeung L, Mai C, Finkelstain J, Mehta S, Pons-Duran C, Menéndez C, Moraleda C, Rogers L, Daniels K, Green P.</span>
<span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Crider K, et al.</span>
<span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 Feb 1;2(2022):CD014217. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD014217.</span>
<span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022.</span>
<span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">36321557</span></span>
<span class="free-resources spaced-citation-item citation-part">Free PMC article.</span>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="full-docsum">
<div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;">
<a class="docsum-title"
href="/31849042/"
ref="article_id=31849042&amp;linksrc=similar_articles_link&amp;ordinalpos=2"
data-ga-category="similar_article"
data-ga-action="31849042"
data-ga-label="">
Food fortification with multiple micronutrients: impact on health outcomes in general population.
</a>
<div class="docsum-citation full-citation">
<span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Das JK, Salam RA, Mahmood SB, Moin A, Kumar R, Mukhtar K, Lassi ZS, Bhutta ZA.</span>
<span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Das JK, et al.</span>
<span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Dec 18;12(12):CD011400. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011400.pub2.</span>
<span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019.</span>
<span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">31849042</span></span>
<span class="free-resources spaced-citation-item citation-part">Free PMC article.</span>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="full-docsum">
<div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;">
<a class="docsum-title"
href="/31684687/"
ref="article_id=31684687&amp;linksrc=similar_articles_link&amp;ordinalpos=3"
data-ga-category="similar_article"
data-ga-action="31684687"
data-ga-label="">
Fortification of rice with vitamins and minerals for addressing micronutrient malnutrition.
</a>
<div class="docsum-citation full-citation">
<span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Peña-Rosas JP, Mithra P, Unnikrishnan B, Kumar N, De-Regil LM, Nair NS, Garcia-Casal MN, Solon JA.</span>
<span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Peña-Rosas JP, et al.</span>
<span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Oct 25;2019(10):CD009902. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009902.pub2.</span>
<span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019.</span>
<span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">31684687</span></span>
<span class="free-resources spaced-citation-item citation-part">Free PMC article.</span>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="full-docsum">
<div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;">
<a class="docsum-title"
href="/35944931/"
ref="article_id=35944931&amp;linksrc=similar_articles_link&amp;ordinalpos=4"
data-ga-category="similar_article"
data-ga-action="35944931"
data-ga-label="">
Replacing salt with low-sodium salt substitutes (LSSS) for cardiovascular health in adults, children and pregnant women.
</a>
<div class="docsum-citation full-citation">
<span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Brand A, Visser ME, Schoonees A, Naude CE.</span>
<span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Brand A, et al.</span>
<span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 Aug 10;8(8):CD015207. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD015207.</span>
<span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022.</span>
<span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">35944931</span></span>
<span class="free-resources spaced-citation-item citation-part">Free PMC article.</span>
<span class="publication-type spaced-citation-item citation-part">Review.</span>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="full-docsum">
<div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;">
<a class="docsum-title"
href="/29736980/"
ref="article_id=29736980&amp;linksrc=similar_articles_link&amp;ordinalpos=5"
data-ga-category="similar_article"
data-ga-action="29736980"
data-ga-label="">
Face-to-face interventions for informing or educating parents about early childhood vaccination.
</a>
<div class="docsum-citation full-citation">
<span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Kaufman J, Ryan R, Walsh L, Horey D, Leask J, Robinson P, Hill S.</span>
<span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Kaufman J, et al.</span>
<span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 May 8;5(5):CD010038. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010038.pub3.</span>
<span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018.</span>
<span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">29736980</span></span>
<span class="free-resources spaced-citation-item citation-part">Free PMC article.</span>
<span class="publication-type spaced-citation-item citation-part">Review.</span>
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="actions-bar">
<a
class="show-all-linked-articles"
data-href="/?linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=35446435"
data-ga-category="similar_article"
data-ga-action="show_all"
>
See all similar articles
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="citedby-articles" id="citedby">
<h2 class="title">
Cited by
</h2>
<ul class="articles-list" id="citedby-articles-list">
<li class="full-docsum">
<div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;">
<a class="docsum-title"
href="/39027561/"
ref="article_id=39027561&amp;linksrc=citedby_articles_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="cited_by"
data-ga-action="39027561"
data-ga-label="">
Mineral content in commercially branded and local salt in selected villages from Bahi, Iramba, Manyoni, and Singida urban districts, Tanzania.
</a>
<div class="docsum-citation full-citation">
<span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Katonge JH.</span>
<span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Katonge JH.</span>
<span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Heliyon. 2024 Jun 22;10(13):e33434. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33434. eCollection 2024 Jul 15.</span>
<span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">Heliyon. 2024.</span>
<span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">39027561</span></span>
<span class="free-resources spaced-citation-item citation-part">Free PMC article.</span>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="full-docsum">
<div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;">
<a class="docsum-title"
href="/38794655/"
ref="article_id=38794655&amp;linksrc=citedby_articles_link&amp;ordinalpos=2"
data-ga-category="cited_by"
data-ga-action="38794655"
data-ga-label="">
Exploring the Causal Effects of Mineral Metabolism Disorders on Telomere and Mitochondrial DNA: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Analysis.
</a>
<div class="docsum-citation full-citation">
<span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Feng Z, Wang Y, Fu Z, Liao J, Liu H, Zhou M.</span>
<span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Feng Z, et al.</span>
<span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Nutrients. 2024 May 8;16(10):1417. doi: 10.3390/nu16101417.</span>
<span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">Nutrients. 2024.</span>
<span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">38794655</span></span>
<span class="free-resources spaced-citation-item citation-part">Free PMC article.</span>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="full-docsum">
<div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;">
<a class="docsum-title"
href="/37665781/"
ref="article_id=37665781&amp;linksrc=citedby_articles_link&amp;ordinalpos=3"
data-ga-category="cited_by"
data-ga-action="37665781"
data-ga-label="">
Fortification of condiments and seasonings with iron for preventing anaemia and improving health.
</a>
<div class="docsum-citation full-citation">
<span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Jalal CS, De-Regil LM, Pike V, Mithra P.</span>
<span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Jalal CS, et al.</span>
<span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 Sep 1;9(9):CD009604. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009604.pub2.</span>
<span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023.</span>
<span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">37665781</span></span>
<span class="free-resources spaced-citation-item citation-part">Free PMC article.</span>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="full-docsum">
<div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;">
<a class="docsum-title"
href="/37688369/"
ref="article_id=37688369&amp;linksrc=citedby_articles_link&amp;ordinalpos=4"
data-ga-category="cited_by"
data-ga-action="37688369"
data-ga-label="">
Review of intervention products for use in the prevention and control of anemia.
</a>
<div class="docsum-citation full-citation">
<span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Lopez de Romaña D, Mildon A, Golan J, Jefferds MED, Rogers LM, Arabi M.</span>
<span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Lopez de Romaña D, et al.</span>
<span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2023 Nov;1529(1):42-60. doi: 10.1111/nyas.15062. Epub 2023 Sep 8.</span>
<span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2023.</span>
<span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">37688369</span></span>
<span class="free-resources spaced-citation-item citation-part">Free PMC article.</span>
<span class="publication-type spaced-citation-item citation-part">Review.</span>
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="references" id="references">
<h2 class="title">
References
</h2>
<div id='top-references-list' class="references-lists-container">
<div class="refs-list">
<h4 class="refs-list-title">References to studies included in this review</h4>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Andersson 2008 {published data only (unpublished sought but not used)}</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-2" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Andersson M, Thankachan P, Muthayya S, Goud RB, Kurpad AV, Hurrell RF, et al.Dual fortification of salt with iodine and iron: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial of micronized ferric pyrophosphate and encapsulated ferrous fumarate in southern India. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2008;88(5):1378-87. [DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2008.26149] [PMID: ]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.2008.26149"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="10.3945/ajcn.2008.26149"
>
DOI
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="/18996875/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=2"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="18996875"
>
PubMed
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Asibey‐Berko 2007 {published data only (unpublished sought but not used)}</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-3" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Asibey-Berko E, Zlotkin SH, Yeung GS, Nti-Nimako W, Ahunu B, Kyei-Faried S, et al.Dual fortification of salt with iron and iodine in women and children in rural Ghana. East African Medical Journal 2007;84(10):473-80. [DOI: 10.4314/eamj.v84i10.9565] [PMID: ]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://doi.org/10.4314/eamj.v84i10.9565"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="10.4314/eamj.v84i10.9565"
>
DOI
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="/18232268/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=2"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="18232268"
>
PubMed
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Nti-Nimako W.The Efficacy of Double-Fortified Salt in Reducing Iodine Deficiency and Anemia [Master's thesis]. University of Ghana, 1998.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Banerjee 2016 {published data only (unpublished sought but not used)}ISRCTN32514611</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-4" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Banerjee A, Barnhardt S, Duflo E.Nutrition, iron deficiency anemia, and the demand for iron-fortified salt: evidence from an experiment in rural Bihar. In: Wise DA, editors(s). Discoveries in the Economics of Aging. Chicago (IL): University of Chicago Press, 2014:343‐84. [DOI: 10.7208/chicago/9780226146126.001.0001] [ISBN-13: 978-0226146096]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226146126.001.0001"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="10.7208/chicago/9780226146126.001.0001"
>
DOI
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Banerjee A, Barnhardt S, Duflo E.Evaluating the impact of double fortified salt on anaemia in Bihar, India: 3ie Grantee Final Report. New Delhi: International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie), 2016. [<a class="external-link-urlize" href="http://tinyurl.com/eyksea6b" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">tinyurl.com/eyksea6b</a>]
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Banerjee A, Barnhardt S, and Duflo E.Movies, margins and marketing: encouraging the adoption of iron-fortified salt; October 2015. Available at <a class="external-link-urlize" href="http://www.nber.org/papers/w21616" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">www.nber.org/papers/w21616</a>. [DOI: 10.3386/w21616]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://doi.org/10.3386/w21616"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="10.3386/w21616"
>
DOI
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Banerjee A, Barnhardt S, Duflo E.Can iron-fortified salt control anemia? Evidence from two experiments in rural Bihar. Journal of Development Economics 2018;133:127-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2017.12.004]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2017.12.004"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="10.1016/j.jdeveco.2017.12.004"
>
DOI
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
ISRCTN32514611.Intervention to fight anemia and improve well-being in a very low income setting: selling double fortified salt (DFS) and free DFS [Intervention to fight anemia and improve well-being in a very low income setting: selling double fortified salt (DFS) and free DFS: a cluster randomized controlled field trial]. <a class="external-link-urlize" href="http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN32514611" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN32514611</a> (first received 17 January 2014). [DOI: 10.1186/ISRCTN32514611]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://doi.org/10.1186/isrctn32514611"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="10.1186/ISRCTN32514611"
>
DOI
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Bathla 2016 {published and unpublished data}</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-5" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Bathla S, Grover K.Effect of supplementation of double fortified salt in mid day meal programme on the nutritional status of anaemic children. Indian Journal of Agricultural Biochemistry 2016;29(2):189-94. [DOI: 10.5958/0974-4479.2016.00030.7]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-4479.2016.00030.7"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="10.5958/0974-4479.2016.00030.7"
>
DOI
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Bathla S.Efficacy of Double Fortified Salt in Combating the Dual Problem of Iron and Iodine Deficiency (PhD thesis). Ludhiana, Punjab: Punjab Agricultural University, 2015. [WEB PAGE: Available at <a class="external-link-urlize" href="http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810015975" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810015975</a>]
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Bathla 2017 {published data only}</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-6" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Bathla S, Grover K.Impact of double fortified salt (DFS) supplementation on the nutritional profile: anaemic adolescent girls. Chemical Science Review and Letters 2017;6(23):1630-7. [ARTICLE NUMBER: CS282048061] [WEB PAGE: Available at <a class="external-link-urlize" href="http://chesci.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/V6i23_43_CS282048061_Shikha_1630-1637.pdf" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">chesci.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/V6i23_43_CS282048061_Shikha_1630-1...</a>]
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Brahmam 2000 {published data only}</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-7" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Brahmam GN, Nair KM, Laxmaiah A, Reddy CG, Ranganathan S, Rao MV, et al.Community trial with iron and iodine fortified salt (double fortified salt). In: Geertman RM, editors(s). 8th World Salt Symposium. Vol. II. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Bv, 2000:955-60. [ISBN-13: 978-0444500656]
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Nair KM, Brahmam GN, Ranganathan S, Vijayaraghavan K, Sivakumar B, Krishnaswamy K.Impact evaluation of iron &amp; iodine fortified salt. Indian Journal of Medical Research 1998;108:203-11. [PMID: ]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="/9863276/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="9863276"
>
PubMed
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Sivakumar B, Brahmam GN, Nair KM, Ranganathan S, Rao MV, Vijayaraghavan K, et al.Prospects of fortification of salt with iron and iodine. British Journal of Nutrition 2001;85 Suppl 2:S167-73. [PMID: ]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="/11509106/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="11509106"
>
PubMed
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Haas 2014 {published and unpublished data}</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-8" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Blakstad MM, Nevins JE, Venkatramanan S, Przybyszewski EM, Haas JD.Iron status is associated with worker productivity, independent of physical effort in Indian tea estate workers. Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism 2020;45(12):1360-7. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0001] [PMID: 32579855 ]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2020-0001"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="10.1139/apnm-2020-0001"
>
DOI
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="/32579855/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=2"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="32579855"
>
PubMed
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Fothergill A, Haas JD, Venkatramanan S Finkelstein J.Iron, vitamin b12, and folate biomarkers and anemia in women participating in a randomized trial of double-fortified salt in Darjeeling, India. Annals of Nutrition &amp; Metabolism 2017;71(Suppl 2):1063. [ABSTRACT #: 144/817] [DOI: 10.1159/000480486]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://doi.org/10.1159/000480486"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="10.1159/000480486"
>
DOI
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Haas JD, Rahn M, Venkatramanan S, Marquis GS, Wenger MJ, Murray-Kolb LE, et al.Double-fortified salt is efficacious in improving indicators of iron deficiency in female Indian tea pluckers. Journal of Nutrition 2014;144(6):957-64. [DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.183228] [PMCID: PMC4018955] [PMID: ]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.113.183228"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="10.3945/jn.113.183228"
>
DOI
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4018955/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=2"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="PMC4018955"
>
PMC
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="/24744318/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=3"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="24744318"
>
PubMed
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Haas JD, Venkatramanan S, Marquis G, Murray-Kolb L, Wenger M, Wesley AS, et al.Double-fortified salt improves iron status of female Indian tea pluckers. FASEB Journal 2011;25(Suppl 1):236.3. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.25.1_supplement.236.3]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.25.1_supplement.236.3"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="10.1096/fasebj.25.1_supplement.236.3"
>
DOI
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Hammons J, Venkatramanan S, Haas JD.Effect of iodine-iron interactions on iodine status in double-fortified salt intervention with female Indian tea pluckers. FASEB Journal 2012;26(Suppl 1):114.6. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.114.6]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.114.6"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.114.6"
>
DOI
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
<div class="actions-bar">
<button
class="show-all"
ref="linksrc=show_all_references_link"
aria-controls="top-references-list-8"
data-next-page-url="/35446435/references/"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="show_more"
>
Show all 18 references
</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Jayatissa 2012 {unpublished data only}</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-9" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Jayatissa R, Fernando D, Gunathilaka M.Effectiveness of salt fortified with iron and iodine to improve iron status in a community settings in Sri Lanka; 2012. Available at <a class="external-link-urlize" href="http://www.mri.gov.lk/assets/Nutrition/2012-Effectiveness-of-Double-fortified-survey-.pdf" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">www.mri.gov.lk/assets/Nutrition/2012-Effectiveness-of-Double-fortified-s...</a>.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Joshi 2014 {published and unpublished data}</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-10" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Joshi K, Nair S.Effect of double fortified salt supplementation on iodine and hemoglobin status of school children of rural Vadodara, India. International Journal of Applied Biology and Pharmaceutical Technology 2014;5(2):8-13. [WEB PAGE: Available at <a class="external-link-urlize" href="http://tinyurl.com/28zce3w3" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">tinyurl.com/28zce3w3</a>]
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Joshi K.Efficacy Trial of Double Fortified Salt supplementation Amongst Vulnerable Population and Feasibility Assessment for Production (PhD thesis). Vadodara, Gujarat: Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, 2012.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Reddy KJ, Nair S.Double fortified salt and deworming - game changers in the battle against iodine and iron malnutrition in Indian school children. Indian Journal of Community Health 2014;26(Suppl 2):175-82. [WEB PAGE: Available at <a class="external-link-urlize" href="http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/491" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/491</a>]
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Kaur 2000 {published data only}</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-11" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Kaur SJ.Effect of Consumption of Double Fortified Salt on Iron and Iodine Status of Young Women [PhD thesis]. Ludhiana (PB): Punjab Agricultural University, 2000.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Krämer 2018 {unpublished data only}</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-12" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Krämer M, Kumar S, Vollmer S.Improving child health and cognition: evidence from a school-based nutrition intervention in India. Review of Economics and Statistics 2020 Aug 10 [Epub ahead of print]:1-51. [DOI: 10.1162/rest_a_00950]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://doi.org/10.1162/rest_a_00950"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="10.1162/rest_a_00950"
>
DOI
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Krämer M, Kumar S, Vollmer S.Impact of delivering iron-fortified salt through a school feeding program on child health, education and cognition: evidence from a randomized controlled trial in rural India. Discussion Paper, No. 247; March 2018. Available at <a class="external-link-urlize" href="http://www2.vwl.wiso.uni-goettingen.de/courant-papers/CRC-PEG_DP_247.pdf" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">www2.vwl.wiso.uni-goettingen.de/courant-papers/CRC-PEG_DP_247.pdf</a>.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Krämer M, Santosh K, Vollmer S.Improving children health and cognition: evidence from school-based nutrition intervention in India. GLO Discussion Paper Series 203; 2018. Available at <a class="external-link-urlize" href="http://hdl.handle.net/10419/179540" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">hdl.handle.net/10419/179540</a>.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Rajagopalan 2000 {published and unpublished data}</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-13" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Rajagopalan S, Vinodkumar M.Effects of salt fortified with iron and iodine on the haemoglobin levels and productivity of tea pickers. Food and Nutrition Bulletin 2000;21(3):323-9. [DOI: 10.1177/156482650002100313]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://doi.org/10.1177/156482650002100313"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="10.1177/156482650002100313"
>
DOI
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Reddy 2016 {published data only}</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-14" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Joshi K.Efficacy Trial of Double Fortified Salt Supplementation Amongst Vulnerable Population and Feasibility Assessment for Production (PhD thesis). Vadodara, Gujarat: Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, 2012.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Reddy KJ, Nair S.Double fortified salt: an effective measure to control micronutrient deficiencies in Indian pregnant women. International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health 2016;3(3):679-86. [DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20160632]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20160632"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20160632"
>
DOI
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Sivakumar 2001 {published data only}</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-15" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Brahmam GN, Nair KM, Laxmaiah A, Reddy CG, Ranganathan S, Rao MV, et al.Community trials with iron and iodine fortified salt (double fortified salt). In: Geertman RM, editors(s). 8th World Salt Symposium. Vol. II. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Bv, 2000:955-60. [ISBN-13: 978-0444500656]
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Nair KM, Brahmam GN, Ranganathan S, Vijayaraghavan K, Sivakumar B, Krishnaswamy K.Impact evaluation of iron &amp; iodine fortified salt. Indian Journal of Medical Research 1998;108:203-11. [PMID: ]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="/9863276/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="9863276"
>
PubMed
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Sivakumar B, Brahmam GN, Nair, KM, Ranganathan S, Rao MV, Vijayaraghavan K, et al.Prospects of fortification of salt with iron and iodine. British Journal of Nutrition 2001;85(Suppl 2):S167-73. [PMID: ]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="/11509106/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="11509106"
>
PubMed
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Vinodkumar 2007 {published and unpublished data}</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-16" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Vinodkumar M, Rajagopalan S, Bhagwat IP, Singh S, Parmar BS, Mishra OP, et al.A multicenter community study on the efficacy of double-fortified salt. Food and Nutrition Bulletin 2007;28(1):100-8. [DOI: 10.1177/156482650702800111] [PMID: ]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://doi.org/10.1177/156482650702800111"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="10.1177/156482650702800111"
>
DOI
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="/17718017/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=2"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="17718017"
>
PubMed
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Wegmüller 2006 {published data only (unpublished sought but not used)}</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-17" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Wegmüller R, Camara F, Zimmermann MB, Adou P, Hurrell RF.Salt dual-fortified with iodine and micronized ground ferric pyrophosphate affects iron status but not hemoglobin in children in Cote d'Ivoire. Journal of Nutrition 2006;136(7):1814-20. [DOI: 10.1093/jn/136.7.1814] [PMID: ]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/136.7.1814"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="10.1093/jn/136.7.1814"
>
DOI
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="/16772442/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=2"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="16772442"
>
PubMed
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Zimmermann 2003 {published data only (unpublished sought but not used)}</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-18" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Zimmermann MB, Zeder C, Chaouki N, Torresani T, Saad A, Hurrell RF.Addition of microencapsulated iron to iodized salt improves the efficacy of iodine in goitrous, iron-deficient children: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. European Journal of Endocrinology 2002;147(6):747-53. [DOI: 10.1530/eje.0.1470747] [PMID: ]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1470747"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="10.1530/eje.0.1470747"
>
DOI
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="/12457449/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=2"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="12457449"
>
PubMed
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Zimmermann MB, Zeder C, Chaouki N, Saad A, Torresani T, Hurrell RF.Dual fortification of salt with iodine and microencapsulated iron: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial in Moroccan schoolchildren. American Journal of Clinical Nutrtion 2003;77(2):425-32. [DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/77.2.425] [PMID: ]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/77.2.425"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="10.1093/ajcn/77.2.425"
>
DOI
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="/12540404/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=2"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="12540404"
>
PubMed
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Zimmermann 2004 {published data only (unpublished sought but not used)}</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-19" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Zimmermann MB, Wegmueller R, Zeder C, Chaouki N, Rohner F, Saïssi M, et al.Dual fortification of salt with iodine and micronized ferric pyrophosphate: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2004;80(4):952-9. [DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/80.4.952] [PMID: ]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/80.4.952"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="10.1093/ajcn/80.4.952"
>
DOI
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="/15447905/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=2"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="15447905"
>
PubMed
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h4 class="refs-list-title">References to studies excluded from this review</h4>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Anonymous 1980 {published data only}</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-21" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Iron-fortified salt to combat anemia. Nutrition Reviews 1980;38(9):308-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.1980.tb05968.x] [PMID: ]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.1980.tb05968.x"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="10.1111/j.1753-4887.1980.tb05968.x"
>
DOI
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="/7432708/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=2"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="7432708"
>
PubMed
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Anonymous 1982 {published data only}</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-22" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Use of common salt fortified with iron in the control and prevention of anemia-a collaborative study. Report of the Working Group on Fortification of Salt with Iron. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1982;35(6):1442-51. [DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/35.6.1442] [PMID: ]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/35.6.1442"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="10.1093/ajcn/35.6.1442"
>
DOI
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="/7081125/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=2"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="7081125"
>
PubMed
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Anonymous 1983 {published data only}</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-23" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Use of iron-fortified salt to combat anemia: the Indian experience. Nutrition Reviews 1983;41(10):302-4. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.1983.tb07123.x] [PMID: ]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.1983.tb07123.x"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="10.1111/j.1753-4887.1983.tb07123.x"
>
DOI
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="/6646526/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=2"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="6646526"
>
PubMed
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Bhatia 2018 {published data only}</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-24" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Bhatia S.Reducing anemia in Indian women and children; June 2018. Available at <a class="external-link-urlize" href="http://tinyurl.com/rfs6cn4e" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">tinyurl.com/rfs6cn4e</a>.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Diosady 2018 {published data only}</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-25" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Diosady L, Mannar V, Menon J.Final Technical Progress Report: Scaling Up the Production and Distribution of Double Fortified Salt in India. Ottawa (ON): International Development Research Centre; 2018 June. Report No.: IDRC Project Number 108123.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Dodd 1997 {published data only}</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-26" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Dodd NS, Godhia ML.Impact of selective iron and/or iodine interventions on iron and iodine status of adolescents. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1997;6(4):287-90. [PMID: ]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="/24394789/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="24394789"
>
PubMed
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Horton 2011 {published data only}</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-27" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Horton S, Wesley A, Venkatesh Mannar MG.Double-fortified salt reduces anemia, benefit:cost ratio is modestly favorable. Food Policy 2011;36(5):581-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2011.06.002]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2011.06.002"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="10.1016/j.foodpol.2011.06.002"
>
DOI
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Jain 1987 {published data only}</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-28" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Jain M, Bhat CM, Kaur AP.Effect of consumption of iron-fortified salt on iron status in young girls. Human Nutrition. Applied Nutrition 1987;41(3):174-9. [PMID: ]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="/3623984/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="3623984"
>
PubMed
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Kumar 2020 {published data only}</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-29" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Kumar MV, Erhardt J.Improving the iron status of school children through a school noon meal programme with meals prepared using a multiple micronutrient-fortified salt in Tamil Nadu, India. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2020;29(3):577-83. [DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.202009_29(3).0017] [PMID: ]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.202009_29(3).0017"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="10.6133/apjcn.202009_29(3).0017"
>
DOI
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="/32990618/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=2"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="32990618"
>
PubMed
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Nadiger 1980 {published data only}</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-30" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Nadiger HA, Krishnamachari KA, Naidu AN, Rao BS, Srikantia SG.The use of common salt (sodium chloride) fortified with iron to control anaemia: results of a preliminary study. British Journal of Nutrition 1980;43(1):45-51. [DOI: 10.1079/bjn19800063] [PMID: ]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://doi.org/10.1079/bjn19800063"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="10.1079/bjn19800063"
>
DOI
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="/7370217/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=2"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="7370217"
>
PubMed
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Nair 2013 {published data only}</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-31" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Nair S, Goswami R, Rajan MG, Thakkar V.Impact of double fortified salt on iron and iodine deficient school children (6 to 12 years) of rural Vadodara. Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology 2013;5(9):370-3. [DOI: 10.5897/JPHE11.145]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://doi.org/10.5897/jphe11.145"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="10.5897/JPHE11.145"
>
DOI
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Nair 2014 {published data only}</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-32" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Nair S, Bandyopadhyay S, Skaria L.Impact assessment on DFS supplementation post NHE on nutrient intake of critically anemic pregnant mothers in a tribal set up of Gujarat. Indian Journal of Community Health 2014;26(Suppl 2):170-4. [WEB PAGE: Available at <a class="external-link-urlize" href="http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/490" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/490</a>]
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Working Group on Fortification 1982 {published data only}</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-33" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Use of common salt fortified with iron in the control and prevention of anemia--a collaborative study. Report of the Working Group on Fortification of Salt with Iron. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1982;35(6):1442-51. [DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/35.6.1442] [PMID: ]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/35.6.1442"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="10.1093/ajcn/35.6.1442"
>
DOI
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="/7081125/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=2"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="7081125"
>
PubMed
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h4 class="refs-list-title">References to studies awaiting assessment</h4>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Jadhav 2019 {published data only}</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-35" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Jadhav M, Raman JK, Mannar V.Scaling-up the provision of fortified foods in public programs to improve micronutrient intakes in low-income populations. Current Developments in Nutrition 2019;3(Suppl 1):789. [ABSTRACT #: P10-034-19] [DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzz034.P10-034-19]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzz034.p10-034-19"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="10.1093/cdn/nzz034.P10-034-19"
>
DOI
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h4 class="refs-list-title">References to ongoing studies</h4>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">CTRI/2019/08/020508 {unpublished data only}</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-37" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
CTRI/2019/08/020508.Study on iron fortified iodised salt [Iron fortified iodised salt - randomised community based study ]. <a class="external-link-urlize" href="http://tinyurl.com/n3f8m5tj" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">tinyurl.com/n3f8m5tj</a> (first received 1 August 2019).
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">CTRI/2020/11/028936 {unpublished data only}</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-38" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
CTRI/2020/11/028936.Iron absorption from salt double fortified with iodine in iron-deficient Indian women [Iron absorption from salt double fortified with iodine and an encapsulated ferric pyrophosphate compound: a stable isotope study in iron-deficient Indian women]. <a class="external-link-urlize" href="http://tinyurl.com/28resyz3" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">tinyurl.com/28resyz3</a> (first received 5 November 2020).
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">NCT04404751 {unpublished data only}</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-39" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
NCT04404751.Quadruple fortified salt clinical trial [Effectiveness of quadruple fortified salt in improving hemoglobin levels among anemic women of reproductive age (18-49 years) in rural low resource setting]. <a class="external-link-urlize" href="http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04404751" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04404751</a> (first received 3 September 2019).
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">RIDIE‐STUDY‐ID‐58f6eeb45c050 {unpublished data only}</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-40" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Cyriac S, Haardörfer R, Neufeld LM, Girard AW, Ramakrishnan U, Martorell R, et al.High coverage and low utilization of the double fortified salt program in Uttar Pradesh, India: implications for program implementation and evaluation. Current Developments in Nutrition 2020;4(9):nzaa133. [DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa133] [PMCID: PMC7455457] [PMID: ]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa133"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="10.1093/cdn/nzaa133"
>
DOI
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7455457/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=2"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="PMC7455457"
>
PMC
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="/32885134/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=3"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="32885134"
>
PubMed
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Godbole U, Basantani M, Yadav S, Godbole N, Khandpur S, Godbole M, et al.The impact of double-fortified salt delivered through the public distribution system on iodine status in women of reproductive age in rural India. Current Developments in Nutrition 2021;5(4):nzab028. [DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab028] [PMCID: PMC8075773] [PMID: ]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab028"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="10.1093/cdn/nzab028"
>
DOI
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8075773/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=2"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="PMC8075773"
>
PMC
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="/33948532/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=3"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="33948532"
>
PubMed
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Mbuya M, Cyriac S, Rawat R, Kurpad A, Godbole M, Ntozini R, et al.Double fortified salt delivered through the public distribution system reduced risk of iron deficiency but not of anemia or iron deficiency anemia in Uttar Pradesh, India. Current Developments in Nutrition 2020;4(Suppl 2):868. [DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa053_073]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa053_073"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="10.1093/cdn/nzaa053_073"
>
DOI
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
RIDIE-STUDY-ID-58f6eeb45c050.Impact evaluation of integrating double fortified salt (DFS) to reduce anemia in recipients of the PDS program in UP, India. <a class="external-link-urlize" href="http://ridie.3ieimpact.org/index.php?r=search/detailView&amp;id=453" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">ridie.3ieimpact.org/index.php?r=search/detailView&amp;id=453</a> (first received 18 April 2017).
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h4 class="refs-list-title">Additional references</h4>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Ahn 2012</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-42" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Ahn S, Myers ND, Jin Y.Use of the estimated intraclass correlation for correcting differences in effect size by level. Behavior Research Methods 2012;44(2):490-502. [DOI: 10.3758/s13428-011-0153-1] [PMID: ]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-011-0153-1"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="10.3758/s13428-011-0153-1"
>
DOI
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="/21960061/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=2"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="21960061"
>
PubMed
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Athe 2014</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-43" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Athe R, Rao MV, Nair KM.Impact of iron-fortified foods on Hb concentration in children (&lt; 10 years): a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Public Health Nutrition 2014;17(3):579-86. [DOI: 10.1017/S1368980013000062] [PMID: ]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://doi.org/10.1017/s1368980013000062"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="10.1017/S1368980013000062"
>
DOI
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10282399/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=2"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="PMC10282399"
>
PMC
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="/23388159/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=3"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="23388159"
>
PubMed
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Baxter 2015</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-44" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Baxter J, Zlotkin S.Compendium of evidence on double fortified salt: technical report. Ottawa (CA): Micronutrient Initiative; 2015 March.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Beard 2007</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-45" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Beard J.Recent evidence from human and animal studies regarding iron status and infant development. Journal of Nutrition 2007;137(2):524S–30S. [DOI: 10.1093/jn/137.2.524S] [PMID: ]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/137.2.524s"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="10.1093/jn/137.2.524S"
>
DOI
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="/17237340/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=2"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="17237340"
>
PubMed
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Centeno Tablante 2019</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-46" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Centeno Tablante E, Pachón H, Guetterman HM, Finkelstein JL.Fortification of wheat and maize flour with folic acid for population health outcomes. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2019, Issue 7. Art. No: CD012150. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD012150.pub2] [PMCID: PMC6599881] [PMID: ]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd012150.pub2"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="10.1002/14651858.CD012150.pub2"
>
DOI
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6599881/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=2"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="PMC6599881"
>
PMC
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="/31257574/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=3"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="31257574"
>
PubMed
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Covidence 2021 [Computer program]</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-47" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Covidence.Version accessed 9 May 2021. Melbourne, Australia: Veritas Health Innovation, 2021. Available at <a class="external-link-urlize" href="http://covidence.org" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">covidence.org</a>.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Das 2019</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-48" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Das JK, Salam RA, Mahmood SB, Moin A, Kumar R, Mukhtar K, et al.Food fortification with multiple micronutrients: impact on health outcomes in general population. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2019, Issue 12. Art. No: CD011400. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD011400.pub2] [PMCID: PMC6917586] [PMID: ]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd011400.pub2"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="10.1002/14651858.CD011400.pub2"
>
DOI
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6917586/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=2"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="PMC6917586"
>
PMC
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="/31849042/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=3"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="31849042"
>
PubMed
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Deeks 2021</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-49" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Deeks JJ, Higgins JP, Altman DG, editor(s).Chapter 10: Analysing data and undertaking meta-analyses. In: Higgins JP, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 6.2 (updated February 2021). Cochrane, 2021. Available from <a class="external-link-urlize" href="http://www.training.cochrane.org/handbook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">www.training.cochrane.org/handbook</a>.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Diosady 2002</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-50" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Diosady LL, Alberti JO, Ramcharan K, Mannar MG.Iodine stability in salt double-fortified with iron and iodine. Food and Nutrition Bulletin 2002;23(2):196-207. [DOI: 10.1177/156482650202300209] [PMID: ]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://doi.org/10.1177/156482650202300209"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="10.1177/156482650202300209"
>
DOI
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="/12094670/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=2"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="12094670"
>
PubMed
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">EPOC 2017</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-51" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care (EPOC).Suggested risk of bias criteria for EPOC reviews. EPOC resources for review authors, 2017. <a class="external-link-urlize" href="http://epoc.cochrane.org/resources/epoc-resources-review-authors" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">epoc.cochrane.org/resources/epoc-resources-review-authors</a> (accessed 10 May 2021).
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Garcia‐Casal 2018</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-52" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Garcia-Casal MN, Peña-Rosas J, De-Regil L, Gwirtz JA, Pasricha S.Fortification of maize flour with iron for controlling anaemia and iron deficiency in populations. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2018, Issue 12. Art. No: CD010187. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD010187.pub2] [PMID: ]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd010187.pub2"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="10.1002/14651858.CD010187.pub2"
>
DOI
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6517107/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=2"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="PMC6517107"
>
PMC
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="/30577080/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=3"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="30577080"
>
PubMed
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Gera 2012</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-53" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Gera T, Sachdev HS, Boy E.Effect of iron-fortified foods on hematologic and biological outcomes: systematic review of randomized controlled trials. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2012;96(2):309-24. [DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.111.031500] [PMID: ]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.111.031500"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="10.3945/ajcn.111.031500"
>
DOI
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="/22760566/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=2"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="22760566"
>
PubMed
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Government of India 2011</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-54" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Government of India, Prime Minister's Office.Iron fortified iodized salt to be promoted to battle malnutrition in the country. <a class="external-link-urlize" href="http://archivepmo.nic.in/drmanmohansingh/press-details.php?nodeid=1228" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">archivepmo.nic.in/drmanmohansingh/press-details.php?nodeid=1228</a> (accessed 3 July 2021).
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">GRADEpro GDT [Computer program]</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-55" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
GRADEpro GDT.Hamiton (ON): McMaster University (developed by Evidence Prime), Version accessed 9 May2021. Available at <a class="external-link-urlize" href="http://gradepro.org" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">gradepro.org</a>.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Higgins 2011</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-56" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Higgins JP, Altman DG, Gøtzsche PC, Jüni P, Moher D, Oxman AD, et al.The Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ 2011;343:d5928. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.d5928] [PMID: ]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d5928"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="10.1136/bmj.d5928"
>
DOI
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3196245/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=2"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="PMC3196245"
>
PMC
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="/22008217/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=3"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="22008217"
>
PubMed
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Higgins 2021</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-57" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Higgins JP, Li T, Deeks JJ, editor(s).Chapter 6: Choosing effect measures and computing estimates of effect. In: Higgins JP, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 6.2 (updated February 2021). Cochrane, 2021. Available from <a class="external-link-urlize" href="http://www.training.cochrane.org/handbook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">www.training.cochrane.org/handbook</a>.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Hombali 2019</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-58" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Hombali AS, Solon JA, Venkatesh BT, Nair NS, Peña-Rosas JP.Fortification of staple foods with vitamin A for vitamin A deficiency. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2019, Issue 5. Art. No: CD010068. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD010068.pub2] [PMCID: PMC6509778] [PMID: ]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd010068.pub2"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="10.1002/14651858.CD010068.pub2"
>
DOI
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6509778/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=2"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="PMC6509778"
>
PMC
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="/31074495/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=3"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="31074495"
>
PubMed
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Hozo 2005</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-59" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Hozo SP, Djulbegovic B, Hozo I.Estimating the mean and variance from the median, range, and the size of a sample. BMC Medical Research Methodology 2005;5:13. [DOI: 10.1186/1471-2288-5-13] [PMCID: PMC1097734] [PMID: ]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-5-13"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="10.1186/1471-2288-5-13"
>
DOI
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1097734/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=2"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="PMC1097734"
>
PMC
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="/15840177/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=3"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="15840177"
>
PubMed
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Hurrell 2021</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-60" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Hurrell RF.Iron fortification practices and implications for iron addition to salt. Journal of Nutrition 2021;151(Suppl 1):3S-14S. [DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa175] [PMCID: PMC7882371] [PMID: ]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxaa175"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="10.1093/jn/nxaa175"
>
DOI
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7882371/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=2"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="PMC7882371"
>
PMC
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="/33582781/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=3"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="33582781"
>
PubMed
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">INACG 1998</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-61" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Stoltzfus RJ, Dreyfuss ML, editor(s), International Nutritional Anemia Consultative Group.Guidelines for the Use of Iron Supplements to Prevent and Treat Iron Deficiency Anemia. Washington (DC): Internation Life Sciences Institute Press, 1998.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Iodine Global Network 2019</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-62" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Iodine Global Network.The Iodine Global Network: 2019 Annual Report. Ottawa (CA): Iodine Global Network, 2019.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">IOM 2001</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-63" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Institute of Medicine.Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium and Zinc. Washington (DC): National Academies Press, 2001.
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="/25057538/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="25057538"
>
PubMed
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">IOM 2006</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-64" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Otten JJ, Hellwig JP, Meyers LD, editor(s), Institute of Medicine.Dietary Reference Intakes: The Essential Guide to Nutrient Requirements. Washington (DC): National Academies Press, 2006.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Keats 2019</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-65" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Keats EC, Neufeld LM, Garrett GS, Mbuya MN, Bhutta ZA.Improved micronutrient status and health outcomes in low- and middle-income countries following large-scale fortification: evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2019;109(6):1696-708. [DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz023] [PMCID: PMC6537942] [PMID: ]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqz023"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="10.1093/ajcn/nqz023"
>
DOI
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6537942/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=2"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="PMC6537942"
>
PMC
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="/30997493/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=3"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="30997493"
>
PubMed
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Kraemer 2007</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-66" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Kraemer K, Zimmermann MB, editor(s).Nutritional Anemia. Basel (Switzerland): Sight and Life Press, 2007.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Larson 2021</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-67" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Larson LM, Cyriac S, Djimeu EW, Mbuya MN, Neufeld LM.Can double fortification of salt with iron and iodine reduce anemia, iron deficiency anemia, iron deficiency, iodine deficiency, and functional outcomes? evidence of efficacy, effectiveness, and safety. Journal of Nutrition 2021;151(Suppl 1):15S–28S. [DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa19]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxaa19"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="10.1093/jn/nxaa19"
>
DOI
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7882357/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=2"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="PMC7882357"
>
PMC
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="/33582785/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=3"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="33582785"
>
PubMed
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Lozoff 2007</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-68" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Lozoff B.Iron deficiency and child development. Food and Nutrition Bulletin 2007;28(Suppl 4):S560-71. [DOI: 10.1177/15648265070284S409] [PMID: ]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://doi.org/10.1177/15648265070284s409"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="10.1177/15648265070284S409"
>
DOI
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="/18297894/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=2"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="18297894"
>
PubMed
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Moher 2009</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-69" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, PRISMA Group.Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Medicine 2009;6(7):e1000097. [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097] [PMCID: PMC2707599] [PMID: ]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097"
>
DOI
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2707599/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=2"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="PMC2707599"
>
PMC
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="/19621072/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=3"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="19621072"
>
PubMed
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Nti‐Nimako 1998</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-70" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Nti-Nimako W.The Efficacy of Double-Fortified Salt in Reducing Iodine Deficiency and Anemia [Master's thesis]. University of Ghana 1998.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">O'Donnell 2020</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-71" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
O'Donnell M, Mente A, Alderman MH, Brady AJ, Diaz R, Gupta R, et al.Salt and cardiovascular disease: insufficient evidence to recommend low sodium intake. European Heart Journal 2020;41(35):3363-73. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa586] [PMID: ]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa586"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa586"
>
DOI
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="/33011774/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=2"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="33011774"
>
PubMed
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Osendarp 2018</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-72" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Osendarp SJ, Martinez H, Garrett GS, Neufeld LM, De-Regil LM, Vossenaar M, et al.Large-scale food fortification and biofortification in low- and middle-income countries: a review of programs, trends, challenges, and evidence gaps. Food and Nutrition Bulletin 2018;39(2):315-31. [DOI: 10.1177/0379572118774229] [PMCID: PMC7473077] [PMID: ]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572118774229"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="10.1177/0379572118774229"
>
DOI
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7473077/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=2"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="PMC7473077"
>
PMC
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="/29793357/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=3"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="29793357"
>
PubMed
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Prado 2014</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-73" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Prado EL, Dewey KG.Nutrition and brain development in early life. Nutrition Reviews 2014;72(4):267-84. [DOI: 10.1111/nure.12102] [PMID: ]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://doi.org/10.1111/nure.12102"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="10.1111/nure.12102"
>
DOI
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="/24684384/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=2"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="24684384"
>
PubMed
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Prentice 2017</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-74" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Prentice AM, Mendoza YA, Pereira D, Cerami C, Wegmuller R, Constable A, et al.Dietary strategies for improving iron status: balancing safety and efficacy. Nutrition Reviews 2017;75(1):49-60. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuw055] [PMCID: PMC5155616] [PMID: ]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuw055"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="10.1093/nutrit/nuw055"
>
DOI
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5155616/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=2"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="PMC5155616"
>
PMC
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="/27974599/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=3"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="27974599"
>
PubMed
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Ramírez‐Luzuriaga 2018</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-75" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Ramírez-Luzuriaga MJ, Larson LM, Mannar V, Martorell R.Impact of double-fortified salt with iron and iodine on hemoglobin, anemia, and iron deficiency anemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Advances in Nutrition 2018;9(3):207–18. [DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy008] [PMCID: PMC5952925 ] [PMID: ]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmy008"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="10.1093/advances/nmy008"
>
DOI
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5952925/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=2"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="PMC5952925"
>
PMC
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="/29767699/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=3"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="29767699"
>
PubMed
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Review Manager 2020 [Computer program]</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-76" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Review Manager 5 (RevMan 5).Version 5.4. Copenhagen: Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, 2020.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">RevMan Web 2020 [Computer program]</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-77" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Review Manager Web (RevMan Web).Version 1.22.0. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2020. Available at <a class="external-link-urlize" href="http://revman.cochrane.org" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">revman.cochrane.org</a>.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Santos 2019</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-78" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Santos JA, Christoforou A, Trieu K, McKenzie BL, Downs S, Billot L, et al.Iodine fortification of foods and condiments, other than salt, for preventing iodine deficiency disorders. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2019, Issue 2. Art. No: CD010734. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD010734.pub2] [PMCID: PMC6370918] [PMID: ]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd010734.pub2"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="10.1002/14651858.CD010734.pub2"
>
DOI
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6370918/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=2"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="PMC6370918"
>
PMC
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="/30746700/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=3"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="30746700"
>
PubMed
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Schünemann 2013</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-79" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Schünemann H, Brożek J, Guyatt G, Oxman A, editor(s).Handbook for grading the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations using the GRADE approach (updated October 2013). GRADE Working Group, 2013. Available from <a class="external-link-urlize" href="http://gdt.guidelinedevelopment.org/app/handbook/handbook.html" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">gdt.guidelinedevelopment.org/app/handbook/handbook.html</a>.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Self 2012</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-80" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Self JL, Serdula M, Dowswell T, De-Regil LM.Fortification of condiments and seasonings with iron for preventing anaemia and improving health. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2012, Issue 2. Art. No: CD009604. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009604]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd009604"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="10.1002/14651858.CD009604"
>
DOI
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10472972/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=2"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="PMC10472972"
>
PMC
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="/37665781/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=3"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="37665781"
>
PubMed
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Shields 2021</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-81" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Shields A, Ansari MA.Review of experience of the production of salt fortified with iron and iodine. Journal of Nutrition 2021;151(Suppl 1):29S-37S. [DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa279] [PMCID: PMC7882366] [PMID: ]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxaa279"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="10.1093/jn/nxaa279"
>
DOI
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7882366/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=2"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="PMC7882366"
>
PMC
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="/33582782/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=3"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="33582782"
>
PubMed
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">UNICEF 2008</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-82" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund.Sustainable elimination of iodine deficiency; May 2008. Available at <a class="external-link-urlize" href="http://data.unicef.org/topic/nutrition/iodine-deficiency/" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">data.unicef.org/topic/nutrition/iodine-deficiency/</a> (accessed 3 Jul 2021).
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Waller 2020</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-83" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Waller AW, Andrade JE, Mejila LA.Performance factors influencing efficacy and effectiveness of iron fortification programs of condiments for improving anemia prevalence and iron status in populations: a systematic review. Nutrients 2020;12(2):275. [DOI: 10.3390/nu12020275] [PMCID: PMC7070935] [PMID: ]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12020275"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="10.3390/nu12020275"
>
DOI
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7070935/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=2"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="PMC7070935"
>
PMC
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="/31973015/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=3"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="31973015"
>
PubMed
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">WHO 1996</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-84" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
World Health Organization, United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund, International Council for Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders.Recommended Iodine Levels in Salt and Guidelines for Monitoring their Adequacy and Effectiveness. Geneva (Switzerland): World Health Organization, 1996.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">WHO 2006</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-85" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Allen A, Benoist B, Dary O, Hurrell R, editor(s).Guidelines on Food Fortification with Micronutrients. Geneva (Switzerland): World Health Organization; Food and Agricultural Organization, 2006.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">WHO 2007a</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-86" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
World Health Organization, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Assessing the Iron Status of Populations: Including Literature Reviews. Report of a Joint World Health Organization/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Technical Consultation on the Assessment of Iron Status at the Population Level. 2nd edition. Geneva (Switzerland): World Health Organization, 2007.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">WHO 2007b</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-87" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
World Health Organization, United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund, International Council for Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders.Assessment of Iodine Deficiency Disorders and Monitoring their Elimination. A Guide for Programme Managers. 3rd edition. Geneva (Switzerland): World Health Organization, 2007.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">WHO 2011a</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-88" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
World Health Organization.Haemoglobin Concentrations for the Diagnosis of Anaemia and Assessment of Severity. Geneva (Switzerland): World Health Organization, 2011.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">WHO 2011b</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-89" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
World Health Organization.Serum Ferritin Concentrations for the Assessment of Iron Status and Iron Deficiency in Populations. Geneva (Switzerland): World Health Organization, 2011.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">WHO 2012a</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-90" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
World Health Organization.Guideline: Daily Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation in Pregnant Women. Geneva (Switzerland): World Health Organization, 2012.
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="/23586119/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="23586119"
>
PubMed
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">WHO 2012b</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-91" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
World Health Organization.Guideline: Sodium Intake for Adults and Children. Geneva (Switzerland): World Health Organization, 2012.
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="/23658998/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="23658998"
>
PubMed
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">WHO 2014a</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-92" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
World Health Organization.Serum Transferrin Receptor Levels for the Assessment of Iron Status and Iron Deficiency in Populations. Geneva (Switzerland): World Health Organization, 2014.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">WHO 2014b</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-93" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
World Health Organization.Goitre as a Determinant of the Prevalence and Severity of Iodine Deficiency Disorders in Populations. Geneva (Switzerland): World Health Organization, 2014.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">WHO 2015</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-94" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
World Health Organization.The Global Prevalence of Anaemia in 2011. Geneva (Switzerland): World Health Organization, 2015.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">WHO 2016a</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-95" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
World Health Organization.Guideline: Daily Iron Supplementation in Infants and Children. Geneva (Switzerland): World Health Organization, 2016.
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="/27195348/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="27195348"
>
PubMed
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">WHO 2016b</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-96" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
World Health Organization.Guideline: Daily Iron Supplementation in Adult Women and Adolescent Girls. Geneva (Switzerland): World Health Organization, 2016.
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="/27195351/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="27195351"
>
PubMed
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">WHO 2017</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-97" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
World Health Organization.Guideline: Preventive Chemotherapy to Control Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections in At-Risk Population Groups. Geneva (Switzerland): World Health Organization, 2017. [LICENCE: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="/29578660/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="29578660"
>
PubMed
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Yadav 2019</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-98" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Yadav K, Goel AD, Yadav V, Upadhyay RP, Palepu S, Pandav CS.Meta-analysis of efficacy of iron and iodine fortified salt in improving iron nutrition status. India Journal of Public Health 2019;63(1):58-64. [DOI: 10.4103/ijph.IJPH_420_17]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://doi.org/10.4103/ijph.ijph_420_17"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="10.4103/ijph.IJPH_420_17"
>
DOI
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="/30880739/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=2"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="30880739"
>
PubMed
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Zimmermann 2015</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-99" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Zimmermann MB, Boelaert K.Iodine deficiency and thyroid disorders. Lancet. Diabetes &amp; Endocrinology 2015;3(4):286-95. [DOI: 10.1016/S2213-8587(14)70225-6] [PMID: ]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-8587(14)70225-6"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="10.1016/S2213-8587(14)70225-6"
>
DOI
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="/25591468/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=2"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="25591468"
>
PubMed
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Zimmermann 2016</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-100" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Zimmermann MB.The importance of adequate iodine during pregnancy and infancy. World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics 2016;115:118-24. [DOI: 10.1159/000442078] [PMID: ]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://doi.org/10.1159/000442078"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="10.1159/000442078"
>
DOI
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="/27198746/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=2"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="27198746"
>
PubMed
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
<div class="refs-list">
<h4 class="refs-list-title">References to other published versions of this review</h4>
<div class="refs-list">
<h5 class="refs-list-title">Baxter 2019</h5>
<ol id="top-references-list-102" class="references-list">
<li>
<ol class="references-and-notes-list">
<li
class="skip-numbering"
value="1">
Baxter JB, Kamali M, Gaffey MF, Zlotkin SH, Bhutta ZA.Fortification of salt with iron and iodine versus fortification of salt with iodine for improving iron and iodine status. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2019, Issue 10. Art. No: CD013463. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD013463]
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd013463"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="10.1002/14651858.CD013463"
>
DOI
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9022669/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=2"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="PMC9022669"
>
PMC
</a>
-
<a
class="reference-link"
href="/35446435/"
ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=3"
data-ga-category="reference"
data-ga-action="35446435"
>
PubMed
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="publication-types" class="publication-types keywords-section">
<h2 class="title">
Publication types
</h2>
<ul class="keywords-list"><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Review"
tabindex="0"
aria-controls="keyword-actions-publication-types-0"
aria-expanded="false"
data-pinger-ignore>
Review
</button><div id="keyword-actions-publication-types-0"
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
hidden
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Review"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
href="/?term=%22Review%22%5Bpt%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
data-href="/?term=%22Review%22%5Bpt%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;keyword=&quot;Review&quot;[pt]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="pub_type"
data-ga-label="Review">
Search in PubMed
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Review"
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
data-ga-action="pub_type_link"
data-ga-label="Review">
Search in MeSH
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
role="button"
data-search-term="&quot;Review&quot;[pt]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
data-ga-label="&quot;Review&quot;[pt]"
href="#">
Add to Search
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Systematic Review"
tabindex="0"
aria-controls="keyword-actions-publication-types-1"
aria-expanded="false"
data-pinger-ignore>
Systematic Review
</button><div id="keyword-actions-publication-types-1"
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
hidden
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Systematic Review"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
href="/?term=%22Systematic+Review%22%5Bpt%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
data-href="/?term=%22Systematic+Review%22%5Bpt%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;keyword=&quot;Systematic Review&quot;[pt]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="pub_type"
data-ga-label="Systematic Review">
Search in PubMed
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Systematic+Review"
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
data-ga-action="pub_type_link"
data-ga-label="Systematic Review">
Search in MeSH
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
role="button"
data-search-term="&quot;Systematic Review&quot;[pt]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
data-ga-label="&quot;Systematic Review&quot;[pt]"
href="#">
Add to Search
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li></ul>
</div>
<div id="mesh-terms" class="mesh-terms keywords-section">
<h2 class="title">
MeSH terms
</h2>
<ul class="keywords-list"><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major"
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Anemia, Iron-Deficiency* / epidemiology"
tabindex="0"
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-0"
aria-expanded="false"
data-pinger-ignore>
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency* / epidemiology
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-0"
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
hidden
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Anemia, Iron-Deficiency* / epidemiology"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
href="/?term=%22Anemia%2C+Iron-Deficiency%2Fepidemiology%22%5BMAJR%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
data-href="/?term=%22Anemia%2C+Iron-Deficiency%2Fepidemiology%22%5BMAJR%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/epidemiology&quot;[MAJR]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="mesh_term"
data-ga-label="Anemia, Iron-Deficiency* / epidemiology">
Search in PubMed
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Anemia%2C+Iron-Deficiency"
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
data-ga-label="Anemia, Iron-Deficiency* / epidemiology">
Search in MeSH
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
role="button"
data-search-term="&quot;Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/epidemiology&quot;[MAJR]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
data-ga-label="&quot;Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/epidemiology&quot;[MAJR]"
href="#">
Add to Search
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major"
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Anemia, Iron-Deficiency* / prevention &amp; control"
tabindex="0"
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-1"
aria-expanded="false"
data-pinger-ignore>
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency* / prevention &amp; control
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-1"
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
hidden
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Anemia, Iron-Deficiency* / prevention &amp; control"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
href="/?term=%22Anemia%2C+Iron-Deficiency%2Fprevention+and+control%22%5BMAJR%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
data-href="/?term=%22Anemia%2C+Iron-Deficiency%2Fprevention+and+control%22%5BMAJR%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/prevention and control&quot;[MAJR]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="mesh_term"
data-ga-label="Anemia, Iron-Deficiency* / prevention &amp; control">
Search in PubMed
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Anemia%2C+Iron-Deficiency"
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
data-ga-label="Anemia, Iron-Deficiency* / prevention &amp; control">
Search in MeSH
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
role="button"
data-search-term="&quot;Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/prevention and control&quot;[MAJR]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
data-ga-label="&quot;Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/prevention and control&quot;[MAJR]"
href="#">
Add to Search
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Child"
tabindex="0"
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-2"
aria-expanded="false"
data-pinger-ignore>
Child
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-2"
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
hidden
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Child"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
href="/?term=%22Child%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
data-href="/?term=%22Child%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Child&quot;[MeSH]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="mesh_term"
data-ga-label="Child">
Search in PubMed
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Child"
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
data-ga-label="Child">
Search in MeSH
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
role="button"
data-search-term="&quot;Child&quot;[MeSH]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
data-ga-label="&quot;Child&quot;[MeSH]"
href="#">
Add to Search
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Female"
tabindex="0"
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-3"
aria-expanded="false"
data-pinger-ignore>
Female
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-3"
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
hidden
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Female"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
href="/?term=%22Female%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
data-href="/?term=%22Female%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Female&quot;[MeSH]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="mesh_term"
data-ga-label="Female">
Search in PubMed
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Female"
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
data-ga-label="Female">
Search in MeSH
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
role="button"
data-search-term="&quot;Female&quot;[MeSH]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
data-ga-label="&quot;Female&quot;[MeSH]"
href="#">
Add to Search
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Hemoglobins"
tabindex="0"
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-4"
aria-expanded="false"
data-pinger-ignore>
Hemoglobins
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-4"
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
hidden
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Hemoglobins"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
href="/?term=%22Hemoglobins%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
data-href="/?term=%22Hemoglobins%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Hemoglobins&quot;[MeSH]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="mesh_term"
data-ga-label="Hemoglobins">
Search in PubMed
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Hemoglobins"
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
data-ga-label="Hemoglobins">
Search in MeSH
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
role="button"
data-search-term="&quot;Hemoglobins&quot;[MeSH]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
data-ga-label="&quot;Hemoglobins&quot;[MeSH]"
href="#">
Add to Search
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Humans"
tabindex="0"
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-5"
aria-expanded="false"
data-pinger-ignore>
Humans
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-5"
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
hidden
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Humans"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
href="/?term=%22Humans%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
data-href="/?term=%22Humans%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Humans&quot;[MeSH]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="mesh_term"
data-ga-label="Humans">
Search in PubMed
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Humans"
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
data-ga-label="Humans">
Search in MeSH
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
role="button"
data-search-term="&quot;Humans&quot;[MeSH]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
data-ga-label="&quot;Humans&quot;[MeSH]"
href="#">
Add to Search
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major"
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Iodine*"
tabindex="0"
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-6"
aria-expanded="false"
data-pinger-ignore>
Iodine*
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-6"
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
hidden
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Iodine*"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
href="/?term=%22Iodine%22%5BMAJR%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
data-href="/?term=%22Iodine%22%5BMAJR%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Iodine&quot;[MAJR]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="mesh_term"
data-ga-label="Iodine*">
Search in PubMed
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Iodine"
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
data-ga-label="Iodine*">
Search in MeSH
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
role="button"
data-search-term="&quot;Iodine&quot;[MAJR]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
data-ga-label="&quot;Iodine&quot;[MAJR]"
href="#">
Add to Search
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Iron"
tabindex="0"
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-7"
aria-expanded="false"
data-pinger-ignore>
Iron
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-7"
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
hidden
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Iron"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
href="/?term=%22Iron%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
data-href="/?term=%22Iron%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Iron&quot;[MeSH]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="mesh_term"
data-ga-label="Iron">
Search in PubMed
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Iron"
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
data-ga-label="Iron">
Search in MeSH
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
role="button"
data-search-term="&quot;Iron&quot;[MeSH]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
data-ga-label="&quot;Iron&quot;[MeSH]"
href="#">
Add to Search
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major"
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Iron Deficiencies*"
tabindex="0"
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-8"
aria-expanded="false"
data-pinger-ignore>
Iron Deficiencies*
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-8"
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
hidden
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Iron Deficiencies*"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
href="/?term=%22Iron+Deficiencies%22%5BMAJR%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
data-href="/?term=%22Iron+Deficiencies%22%5BMAJR%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Iron Deficiencies&quot;[MAJR]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="mesh_term"
data-ga-label="Iron Deficiencies*">
Search in PubMed
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Iron+Deficiencies"
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
data-ga-label="Iron Deficiencies*">
Search in MeSH
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
role="button"
data-search-term="&quot;Iron Deficiencies&quot;[MAJR]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
data-ga-label="&quot;Iron Deficiencies&quot;[MAJR]"
href="#">
Add to Search
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Micronutrients"
tabindex="0"
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-9"
aria-expanded="false"
data-pinger-ignore>
Micronutrients
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-9"
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
hidden
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Micronutrients"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
href="/?term=%22Micronutrients%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
data-href="/?term=%22Micronutrients%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Micronutrients&quot;[MeSH]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="mesh_term"
data-ga-label="Micronutrients">
Search in PubMed
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Micronutrients"
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
data-ga-label="Micronutrients">
Search in MeSH
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
role="button"
data-search-term="&quot;Micronutrients&quot;[MeSH]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
data-ga-label="&quot;Micronutrients&quot;[MeSH]"
href="#">
Add to Search
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Sodium Chloride"
tabindex="0"
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-10"
aria-expanded="false"
data-pinger-ignore>
Sodium Chloride
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-10"
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
hidden
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Sodium Chloride"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
href="/?term=%22Sodium+Chloride%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
data-href="/?term=%22Sodium+Chloride%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Sodium Chloride&quot;[MeSH]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="mesh_term"
data-ga-label="Sodium Chloride">
Search in PubMed
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Sodium+Chloride"
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
data-ga-label="Sodium Chloride">
Search in MeSH
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
role="button"
data-search-term="&quot;Sodium Chloride&quot;[MeSH]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
data-ga-label="&quot;Sodium Chloride&quot;[MeSH]"
href="#">
Add to Search
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Sodium Chloride, Dietary"
tabindex="0"
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-11"
aria-expanded="false"
data-pinger-ignore>
Sodium Chloride, Dietary
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-11"
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
hidden
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Sodium Chloride, Dietary"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
href="/?term=%22Sodium+Chloride%2C+Dietary%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
data-href="/?term=%22Sodium+Chloride%2C+Dietary%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Sodium Chloride, Dietary&quot;[MeSH]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="mesh_term"
data-ga-label="Sodium Chloride, Dietary">
Search in PubMed
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Sodium+Chloride%2C+Dietary"
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
data-ga-label="Sodium Chloride, Dietary">
Search in MeSH
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
role="button"
data-search-term="&quot;Sodium Chloride, Dietary&quot;[MeSH]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
data-ga-label="&quot;Sodium Chloride, Dietary&quot;[MeSH]"
href="#">
Add to Search
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li></ul>
</div>
<div id="substances" class="substances keywords-section">
<h2 class="title">
Substances
</h2>
<ul class="keywords-list"><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Hemoglobins"
tabindex="0"
aria-controls="keyword-actions-substances-0"
aria-expanded="false"
data-pinger-ignore>
Hemoglobins
</button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-0"
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
hidden
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Hemoglobins"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
href="/?term=%22Hemoglobins%22%5Bnm%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
data-href="/?term=%22Hemoglobins%22%5Bnm%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;keyword=&quot;Hemoglobins&quot;[nm]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="substance"
data-ga-label="Hemoglobins">
Search in PubMed
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=%22Hemoglobins%22"
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
data-ga-action="substance_link"
data-ga-label="Hemoglobins">
Search in MeSH
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
role="button"
data-search-term="&quot;Hemoglobins&quot;[nm]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
data-ga-label="&quot;Hemoglobins&quot;[nm]"
href="#">
Add to Search
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Micronutrients"
tabindex="0"
aria-controls="keyword-actions-substances-1"
aria-expanded="false"
data-pinger-ignore>
Micronutrients
</button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-1"
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
hidden
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Micronutrients"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
href="/?term=%22Micronutrients%22%5Bnm%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
data-href="/?term=%22Micronutrients%22%5Bnm%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;keyword=&quot;Micronutrients&quot;[nm]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="substance"
data-ga-label="Micronutrients">
Search in PubMed
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=%22Micronutrients%22"
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
data-ga-action="substance_link"
data-ga-label="Micronutrients">
Search in MeSH
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
role="button"
data-search-term="&quot;Micronutrients&quot;[nm]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
data-ga-label="&quot;Micronutrients&quot;[nm]"
href="#">
Add to Search
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Sodium Chloride, Dietary"
tabindex="0"
aria-controls="keyword-actions-substances-2"
aria-expanded="false"
data-pinger-ignore>
Sodium Chloride, Dietary
</button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-2"
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
hidden
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Sodium Chloride, Dietary"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
href="/?term=%22Sodium+Chloride%2C+Dietary%22%5Bnm%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
data-href="/?term=%22Sodium+Chloride%2C+Dietary%22%5Bnm%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;keyword=&quot;Sodium Chloride, Dietary&quot;[nm]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="substance"
data-ga-label="Sodium Chloride, Dietary">
Search in PubMed
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=%22Sodium+Chloride%2C+Dietary%22"
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
data-ga-action="substance_link"
data-ga-label="Sodium Chloride, Dietary">
Search in MeSH
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
role="button"
data-search-term="&quot;Sodium Chloride, Dietary&quot;[nm]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
data-ga-label="&quot;Sodium Chloride, Dietary&quot;[nm]"
href="#">
Add to Search
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Sodium Chloride"
tabindex="0"
aria-controls="keyword-actions-substances-3"
aria-expanded="false"
data-pinger-ignore>
Sodium Chloride
</button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-3"
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
hidden
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Sodium Chloride"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
href="/?term=%22Sodium+Chloride%22%5Bnm%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
data-href="/?term=%22Sodium+Chloride%22%5Bnm%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;keyword=&quot;Sodium Chloride&quot;[nm]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="substance"
data-ga-label="Sodium Chloride">
Search in PubMed
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=%22Sodium+Chloride%22"
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
data-ga-action="substance_link"
data-ga-label="Sodium Chloride">
Search in MeSH
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
role="button"
data-search-term="&quot;Sodium Chloride&quot;[nm]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
data-ga-label="&quot;Sodium Chloride&quot;[nm]"
href="#">
Add to Search
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Iodine"
tabindex="0"
aria-controls="keyword-actions-substances-4"
aria-expanded="false"
data-pinger-ignore>
Iodine
</button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-4"
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
hidden
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Iodine"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
href="/?term=%22Iodine%22%5Bnm%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
data-href="/?term=%22Iodine%22%5Bnm%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;keyword=&quot;Iodine&quot;[nm]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="substance"
data-ga-label="Iodine">
Search in PubMed
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=%22Iodine%22"
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
data-ga-action="substance_link"
data-ga-label="Iodine">
Search in MeSH
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
role="button"
data-search-term="&quot;Iodine&quot;[nm]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
data-ga-label="&quot;Iodine&quot;[nm]"
href="#">
Add to Search
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Iron"
tabindex="0"
aria-controls="keyword-actions-substances-5"
aria-expanded="false"
data-pinger-ignore>
Iron
</button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-5"
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
hidden
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Iron"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
href="/?term=%22Iron%22%5Bnm%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
data-href="/?term=%22Iron%22%5Bnm%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;keyword=&quot;Iron&quot;[nm]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="substance"
data-ga-label="Iron">
Search in PubMed
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=%22Iron%22"
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
data-ga-action="substance_link"
data-ga-label="Iron">
Search in MeSH
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
role="button"
data-search-term="&quot;Iron&quot;[nm]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
data-ga-label="&quot;Iron&quot;[nm]"
href="#">
Add to Search
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li></ul>
</div>
<div id="related-links" class="related-links">
<h2 class="title">
Related information
</h2>
<ul class="related-links-list"><li><a title="Related information in MedGen" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen?linkname=pubmed_medgen&amp;from_uid=35446435"
ref="log$=recordlinks&logdbfrom=pubmed&ncbi_uid=35446435&ordinalpos=1&linkpos=1">
MedGen
</a></li><li><a title="Related PubChem Compound via MeSH" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pccompound?linkname=pubmed_pccompound_mesh&amp;from_uid=35446435"
ref="log$=recordlinks&logdbfrom=pubmed&ncbi_uid=35446435&ordinalpos=1&linkpos=2">
PubChem Compound (MeSH Keyword)
</a></li></ul>
</div>
<div id="linkout" class="linkout">
<h2 class="title">
LinkOut - more resources
</h2>
<ul class="linkout-list"><li><h3 class="linkout-category">Full Text Sources</h3><ul class="linkout-category-links"><li><a
href="https://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/35446435"
target="_blank"
rel="noopener"
ref="linksrc=linkout_link&PrId=6082&uid=35446435&db=pubmed&itool=Abstract&log$=linkoutlink&nlmid=100909747"
data-ga-category="link_out"
data-ga-action="Full Text Sources"
data-ga-label="Europe PubMed Central"
>
Europe PubMed Central
</a></li><li><a
href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/35446435/"
target="_blank"
rel="noopener"
ref="linksrc=linkout_link&PrId=3494&uid=35446435&db=pubmed&itool=Abstract&log$=linkoutlink&nlmid=100909747"
data-ga-category="link_out"
data-ga-action="Full Text Sources"
data-ga-label="PubMed Central"
>
PubMed Central
</a></li><li><a
href="https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD013463.pub2"
target="_blank"
rel="noopener"
ref="linksrc=linkout_link&PrId=3058&uid=35446435&db=pubmed&itool=Abstract&log$=linkoutlink&nlmid=100909747"
data-ga-category="link_out"
data-ga-action="Full Text Sources"
data-ga-label="Wiley"
>
Wiley
</a></li></ul></li><li><h3 class="linkout-category">Miscellaneous</h3><ul class="linkout-category-links"><li><a
href="https://assays.cancer.gov/CPTAC-1595"
target="_blank"
rel="noopener"
ref="linksrc=linkout_link&PrId=8855&uid=35446435&db=pubmed&itool=Abstract&log$=linkoutlink&nlmid=100909747"
data-ga-category="link_out"
data-ga-action="Miscellaneous"
data-ga-label="NCI CPTAC Assay Portal"
>
NCI CPTAC Assay Portal
</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div>
</main>
<div class="overlay" role="dialog" aria-label="Full Text Links Dialog">
<div id="full-text-links-dialog" class="dialog full-text-links-dialog">
<strong class="title">Full text links</strong>
<button class="close-overlay" tabindex="3">[x]</button>
<div class="full-text-links-list">
<a class="link-item
dialog-focus"
href="https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD013463.pub2"
target="_blank"
rel="noopener"
ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&amp;is_pmc=False&amp;PrId=3058&amp;itool=Abstract-def&amp;log$=linkouticon&amp;uid=35446435&amp;db=pubmed&amp;nlmid=100909747"
title="See full text options at Wiley"
tabindex="1"
data-ga-category="full_text"
data-ga-action="Wiley"
data-ga-label="35446435"
><img src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/query/egifs/http:--media.wiley.com-assets-7331-42-Cochrane_Library_Logo_RGB_120x30.jpg" alt="Wiley full text link"><span class="text">
Wiley
</span></a><a class="link-item
pmc
"
href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/35446435/"
target="_blank"
rel="noopener"
ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&amp;is_pmc=True&amp;PrId=3494&amp;itool=Abstract-def&amp;log$=linkouticon&amp;uid=35446435&amp;db=pubmed&amp;nlmid=100909747"
title="Free full text at PubMed Central"
tabindex="2"
data-ga-category="full_text"
data-ga-action="PMC"
data-ga-label="35446435"
><span class="text">
Free PMC article
</span></a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="overlay" role="dialog" aria-label="Citation Dialog">
<div class="dialog citation-dialog">
<button class="close-overlay" tabindex="1">[x]</button>
<div class="title">Cite</div>
<div class="citation-text-block">
<div class="citation-text"></div>
<div class="citation-actions">
<button
class="copy-button dialog-focus"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="cite"
data-ga-label="copy"
tabindex="2">
Copy
</button>
<form method="post">
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="7wFX6Ms9OwwkWUGGFX2qYPwKpxD2HMmiojp2JCVvo7jOQlMwigFssX2oXBleAnUC">
<button type="submit"
class="export-button"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="cite"
data-ga-label="download"
title="Download a file for external citation management software"
tabindex="3">
<span class="download-title">Download .nbib</span>
<span class="download-title-mobile">.nbib</span>
</button>
</form>
<div class="citation-style-selector-wrapper">
<label class="selector-label">Format:</label>
<select aria-label="Format" class="citation-style-selector" tabindex="4">
<option data-style-url-name="ama"
value="AMA"
>
AMA
</option>
<option data-style-url-name="apa"
value="APA"
>
APA
</option>
<option data-style-url-name="mla"
value="MLA"
>
MLA
</option>
<option data-style-url-name="nlm"
value="NLM"
selected="selected">
NLM
</option>
</select>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="overlay" role="dialog" aria-label="More Actions Dialog">
<div id="more-actions-dialog" class="dialog more-actions-dialog">
<strong class="title">Send To</strong>
<ul class="more-actions-links">
<li><a id="clipboard-trigger" role="button" class="submit-button clipboard-trigger clipboard-trigger-target dialog-focus link-item " href="#">Clipboard</a></li>
<li><a class="email-trigger link-item" role="button" href="#">Email</a></li>
<li><a class="save-trigger link-item" role="button" href="#">Save</a></li>
<li><a class="link-item" role="button" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F35446435%2F%23open-bibliography-panel">My Bibliography</a></li>
<li><a class="link-item" role="button" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F35446435%2F%23open-collections-panel">Collections</a></li>
<li><a class="citation-manager-trigger link-item" role="button" href="#">Citation Manager</a></li>
</ul>
<button class="close-overlay">[x]</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="ncbi-footer">
<div class="literature-footer" role="complementary" title="Links to NCBI Literature Resources">
<div class="usa-grid">
<p class="literature-footer-text">NCBI Literature Resources</p>
<p class="literature-footer-text">
<a class="literature-footer-link" data-ga-category="literature_resources" data-ga-action="mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/">MeSH</a>
<a class="literature-footer-link" data-ga-category="literature_resources" data-ga-action="pmc_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/">PMC</a>
<a class="literature-footer-link" data-ga-category="literature_resources" data-ga-action="bookshelf_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books">Bookshelf</a>
<a class="literature-footer-link" data-ga-category="literature_resources" data-ga-action="disclaimer_link" href="/disclaimer/">Disclaimer</a>
</p>
<p class="literature-footer-text attribution-statement">The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited.</p>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ========== BEGIN FOOTER ========== -->
<footer>
<section class="icon-section">
<div id="icon-section-header" class="icon-section_header">Follow NCBI</div>
<div class="grid-container container">
<div class="icon-section_container">
<a class="footer-icon" id="footer_twitter" href="https://twitter.com/ncbi" aria-label="Twitter">
<svg width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 37" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<title>Twitter</title>
<g id="twitterx1008">
<path id="path1008"
d="M6.06736 7L16.8778 20.8991L6.00001 32.2H10.2L18.6 23.1L25.668 32.2H34L22.8 17.5L31.9 7H28.4L20.7 15.4L14.401 7H6.06898H6.06736ZM9.66753 8.73423H12.9327L29.7327 30.4658H26.5697L9.66753 8.73423Z"
fill="#5B616B"/>
</g>
</svg>
</a>
<a class="footer-icon" id="footer_facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/ncbi.nlm" aria-label="Facebook"><svg
data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 300 300">
<title>Facebook</title>
<path class="cls-11"
d="M210.5,115.12H171.74V97.82c0-8.14,5.39-10,9.19-10h27.14V52l-39.32-.12c-35.66,0-42.42,26.68-42.42,43.77v19.48H99.09v36.32h27.24v109h45.41v-109h35Z">
</path>
</svg></a>
<a class="footer-icon" id="footer_linkedin"
href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/ncbinlm"
aria-label="LinkedIn"><svg data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 300 300">
<title>LinkedIn</title>
<path class="cls-11"
d="M101.64,243.37H57.79v-114h43.85Zm-22-131.54h-.26c-13.25,0-21.82-10.36-21.82-21.76,0-11.65,8.84-21.15,22.33-21.15S101.7,78.72,102,90.38C102,101.77,93.4,111.83,79.63,111.83Zm100.93,52.61A17.54,17.54,0,0,0,163,182v61.39H119.18s.51-105.23,0-114H163v13a54.33,54.33,0,0,1,34.54-12.66c26,0,44.39,18.8,44.39,55.29v58.35H198.1V182A17.54,17.54,0,0,0,180.56,164.44Z">
</path>
</svg></a>
<a class="footer-icon" id="footer_github" href="https://github.com/ncbi" aria-label="GitHub"><svg
data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 300 300">
<defs>
<style>
.cls-11,
.cls-12 {
fill: #737373;
}
.cls-11 {
fill-rule: evenodd;
}
</style>
</defs>
<title>GitHub</title>
<path class="cls-11"
d="M151.36,47.28a105.76,105.76,0,0,0-33.43,206.1c5.28,1,7.22-2.3,7.22-5.09,0-2.52-.09-10.85-.14-19.69-29.42,6.4-35.63-12.48-35.63-12.48-4.81-12.22-11.74-15.47-11.74-15.47-9.59-6.56.73-6.43.73-6.43,10.61.75,16.21,10.9,16.21,10.9,9.43,16.17,24.73,11.49,30.77,8.79,1-6.83,3.69-11.5,6.71-14.14C108.57,197.1,83.88,188,83.88,147.51a40.92,40.92,0,0,1,10.9-28.39c-1.1-2.66-4.72-13.42,1-28,0,0,8.88-2.84,29.09,10.84a100.26,100.26,0,0,1,53,0C198,88.3,206.9,91.14,206.9,91.14c5.76,14.56,2.14,25.32,1,28a40.87,40.87,0,0,1,10.89,28.39c0,40.62-24.74,49.56-48.29,52.18,3.79,3.28,7.17,9.71,7.17,19.58,0,14.15-.12,25.54-.12,29,0,2.82,1.9,6.11,7.26,5.07A105.76,105.76,0,0,0,151.36,47.28Z">
</path>
<path class="cls-12"
d="M85.66,199.12c-.23.52-1.06.68-1.81.32s-1.2-1.06-.95-1.59,1.06-.69,1.82-.33,1.21,1.07.94,1.6Zm-1.3-1">
</path>
<path class="cls-12"
d="M90,203.89c-.51.47-1.49.25-2.16-.49a1.61,1.61,0,0,1-.31-2.19c.52-.47,1.47-.25,2.17.49s.82,1.72.3,2.19Zm-1-1.08">
</path>
<path class="cls-12"
d="M94.12,210c-.65.46-1.71,0-2.37-.91s-.64-2.07,0-2.52,1.7,0,2.36.89.65,2.08,0,2.54Zm0,0"></path>
<path class="cls-12"
d="M99.83,215.87c-.58.64-1.82.47-2.72-.41s-1.18-2.06-.6-2.7,1.83-.46,2.74.41,1.2,2.07.58,2.7Zm0,0">
</path>
<path class="cls-12"
d="M107.71,219.29c-.26.82-1.45,1.2-2.64.85s-2-1.34-1.74-2.17,1.44-1.23,2.65-.85,2,1.32,1.73,2.17Zm0,0">
</path>
<path class="cls-12"
d="M116.36,219.92c0,.87-1,1.59-2.24,1.61s-2.29-.68-2.3-1.54,1-1.59,2.26-1.61,2.28.67,2.28,1.54Zm0,0">
</path>
<path class="cls-12"
d="M124.42,218.55c.15.85-.73,1.72-2,1.95s-2.37-.3-2.52-1.14.73-1.75,2-2,2.37.29,2.53,1.16Zm0,0"></path>
</svg></a>
<a class="footer-icon" id="footer_blog" href="https://ncbiinsights.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" aria-label="Blog">
<svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 40 40"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#737373;}</style></defs><path class="cls-1" d="M14,30a4,4,0,1,1-4-4,4,4,0,0,1,4,4Zm11,3A19,19,0,0,0,7.05,15a1,1,0,0,0-1,1v3a1,1,0,0,0,.93,1A14,14,0,0,1,20,33.07,1,1,0,0,0,21,34h3a1,1,0,0,0,1-1Zm9,0A28,28,0,0,0,7,6,1,1,0,0,0,6,7v3a1,1,0,0,0,1,1A23,23,0,0,1,29,33a1,1,0,0,0,1,1h3A1,1,0,0,0,34,33Z"/></svg>
</a>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="container-fluid bg-primary">
<div class="container pt-5">
<div class="row mt-3">
<div class="col-lg-3 col-12">
<p><a class="text-white" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/socialmedia/index.html">Connect with NLM</a></p>
<ul class="list-inline social_media">
<li class="list-inline-item"><a href="https://twitter.com/NLM_NIH" aria-label="Twitter"
target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">
<svg width="35" height="35" viewBox="0 0 38 35" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<title>Twitter</title>
<g id="twitterx1009" clip-path="url(#clip0_65276_3946)">
<path id="Vector" d="M17.5006 34.6565C26.9761 34.6565 34.6575 26.9751 34.6575 17.4996C34.6575 8.02416 26.9761 0.342773 17.5006 0.342773C8.02514 0.342773 0.34375 8.02416 0.34375 17.4996C0.34375 26.9751 8.02514 34.6565 17.5006 34.6565Z" fill="#205493" stroke="white" stroke-width="1.2" stroke-miterlimit="10"></path>
<path id="path1009" d="M8.54811 8.5L16.2698 18.4279L8.50001 26.5H11.5L17.5 20L22.5486 26.5H28.5L20.5 16L27 8.5H24.5L19 14.5L14.5007 8.5H8.54927H8.54811ZM11.1197 9.73873H13.4519L25.4519 25.2613H23.1926L11.1197 9.73873Z" fill="white"></path>
</g>
<defs>
<clipPath id="clip0_65276_3946">
<rect width="38" height="38" fill="white"></rect>
</clipPath>
</defs>
</svg></a>
</li>
<li class="list-inline-item"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/nationallibraryofmedicine"
aria-label="Facebook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">
<svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px"
y="0px" viewBox="0 0 249 249" style="enable-background:new 0 0 249 249;" xml:space="preserve">
<style type="text/css">
.st10 {
fill: #FFFFFF;
}
.st110 {
fill: none;
stroke: #FFFFFF;
stroke-width: 8;
stroke-miterlimit: 10;
}
</style>
<title>SM-Facebook</title>
<g>
<g>
<path class="st10" d="M159,99.1h-24V88.4c0-5,3.3-6.2,5.7-6.2h16.8V60l-24.4-0.1c-22.1,0-26.2,16.5-26.2,27.1v12.1H90v22.5h16.9
v67.5H135v-67.5h21.7L159,99.1z"></path>
</g>
</g>
<circle class="st110" cx="123.6" cy="123.2" r="108.2"></circle>
</svg>
</a></li>
<li class="list-inline-item"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/NLMNIH" aria-label="Youtube"
target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 249 249"
style="enable-background:new 0 0 249 249;" xml:space="preserve">
<title>SM-Youtube</title>
<style type="text/css">
.st4 {
fill: none;
stroke: #FFFFFF;
stroke-width: 8;
stroke-miterlimit: 10;
}
.st5 {
fill: #FFFFFF;
}
</style>
<circle class="st4" cx="124.2" cy="123.4" r="108.2"></circle>
<g transform="translate(0,-952.36218)">
<path class="st5"
d="M88.4,1037.4c-10.4,0-18.7,8.3-18.7,18.7v40.1c0,10.4,8.3,18.7,18.7,18.7h72.1c10.4,0,18.7-8.3,18.7-18.7
v-40.1c0-10.4-8.3-18.7-18.7-18.7H88.4z M115.2,1058.8l29.4,17.4l-29.4,17.4V1058.8z"></path>
</g>
</svg></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-3 col-12">
<p class="address_footer text-white">National Library of Medicine<br>
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/8600+Rockville+Pike,+Bethesda,+MD+20894/@38.9959508,-77.101021,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x89b7c95e25765ddb:0x19156f88b27635b8!8m2!3d38.9959508!4d-77.0988323"
class="text-white" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">8600 Rockville Pike<br>
Bethesda, MD 20894</a></p>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-3 col-12 centered-lg">
<p><a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/web_policies.html" class="text-white">Web Policies</a><br>
<a href="https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/freedom-information-act-office"
class="text-white">FOIA</a><br>
<a href="https://www.hhs.gov/vulnerability-disclosure-policy/index.html" class="text-white" id="vdp">HHS Vulnerability Disclosure</a></p>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-3 col-12 centered-lg">
<p><a class="supportLink text-white" href="https://support.nlm.nih.gov/">Help</a><br>
<a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/accessibility.html" class="text-white">Accessibility</a><br>
<a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/careers/careers.html" class="text-white">Careers</a></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-12 centered-lg">
<nav class="bottom-links">
<ul class="mt-3">
<li>
<a class="text-white" href="//www.nlm.nih.gov/">NLM</a>
</li>
<li>
<a class="text-white"
href="https://www.nih.gov/">NIH</a>
</li>
<li>
<a class="text-white" href="https://www.hhs.gov/">HHS</a>
</li>
<li>
<a
class="text-white" href="https://www.usa.gov/">USA.gov</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
</footer>
<!-- ========== END FOOTER ========== -->
<!-- javascript to inject NWDS meta tags. Note: value of nwds_version is updated by "npm version" command -->
<script type="text/javascript">
var nwds_version = "1.2.3";
var meta_nwds_ver = document.createElement('meta');
meta_nwds_ver.name = 'ncbi_nwds_ver';
meta_nwds_ver.content = nwds_version;
document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(meta_nwds_ver);
var meta_nwds = document.createElement('meta');
meta_nwds.name = 'ncbi_nwds';
meta_nwds.content = 'yes';
document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(meta_nwds);
var alertsUrl = "/core/alerts/alerts.js";
if (typeof ncbiBaseUrl !== 'undefined') {
alertsUrl = ncbiBaseUrl + alertsUrl;
}
</script>
</div>
<!-- jQuery with plugins -->
<script src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/277eb475-38df-4990-a0ee-0080b04e86fc/CACHE/js/output.293fbf76aa18.js"></script>
<!-- Project base scripts -->
<script src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/277eb475-38df-4990-a0ee-0080b04e86fc/CACHE/js/output.550e9c8906a2.js"></script>
<script>
ncbi.awesome.basePage.init({
userInfo: {
isLoggedIn: false,
username: "",
loginUrl: "https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F35446435%2F",
logoutUrl: "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/signout/?back_url=https%3A//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35446435/"
},
baseUrl: 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov',
noSessionCookieName: "pm-ns",
searchIdCookieName: "pm-sid",
adjNavSearchIdCookieName: "pm-adjnav-sid",
searchFormSubmittedCookieName: "pm-sfs",
isOnSearchPageCookieName: "pm-iosp",
backToSearchCookieName: "pm-btsl",
clinicalSeeAllCookieName: "pm-csa",
jsCookieDomain: "pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov",
userShareRequestFailed: "",
noSharedSettings: "myncbi_no_shared_settings",
noSharedAccount: "myncbi_no_shared_account"
});
</script>
<script type="module">
import dismissableNCBIAlert from "https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/277eb475-38df-4990-a0ee-0080b04e86fc/core/dismissable-ncbi-alert.js";
jQuery.getScript("https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/core/alerts/alerts.js", function () {
galert(['body > *:last-child']);
dismissableNCBIAlert();
}).fail(function() {
});
</script>
<script defer type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/core/pinger/pinger.js"> </script>
<script src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/277eb475-38df-4990-a0ee-0080b04e86fc/CACHE/js/output.e3950ac8c6da.js"></script>
<script>
ncbi.awesome.articlePage.init({
baseSuggestionsUrl: "/suggestions/",
mathJaxUrl: "https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/277eb475-38df-4990-a0ee-0080b04e86fc/mathjax/unpacked/MathJax.js?config=MML_CHTML",
clipboardAPIRoot: "/ajax/clipboard/",
clipboardNextPageUrl: "/clipboard-next-page/",
searchIdCookieName: "pm-sid",
searchFormSubmittedCookieName: "pm-sfs",
backToSearchCookieName: "pm-btsl",
jsCookieDomain: "pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov",
longTermPrefix: "longquery",
adjNavURLPath: "/35446435/adj-nav/",
adjNavSearchIdCookieName: "pm-adjnav-sid",
articlePageUrl: "/35446435/",
markJSUrl: "https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/277eb475-38df-4990-a0ee-0080b04e86fc/mark.js/dist/jquery.mark.js",
termHighlightColor: "",
highlightedTokens: "",
citeFormatPreferenceCookieName: "pm-cf"
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink