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|
||
|
||
<span class="search-input-link user-guide-link" role="navigation" aria-label="User guide">
|
||
<a href="/help/"
|
||
data-ga-category="featured_link"
|
||
data-ga-action="user_guide">
|
||
User Guide
|
||
</a>
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</form>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="article-page-header">
|
||
<div id="article-top-actions-bar" class="article-top-actions-bar">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<div class="actions-container">
|
||
<div class="return-to-search">
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="multiple-results-actions " role="region" aria-label="save, email, send to">
|
||
<button id="save-results-panel-trigger"
|
||
type="button"
|
||
class="save-results save-results-panel-trigger"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
aria-controls="save-action-panel"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="save"
|
||
data-ga-label="open">
|
||
Save
|
||
</button><button id="email-results-panel-trigger"
|
||
type="button"
|
||
class="email-results email-results-panel-trigger"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
aria-controls="email-action-panel"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="email"
|
||
data-ga-label="open">
|
||
Email
|
||
</button><div class="more-actions dropdown-block"><button id="more-actions-trigger"
|
||
type="button"
|
||
class="trigger more-actions-trigger"
|
||
ref="linksrc=show_moreactions_btn"
|
||
aria-label="Send to"
|
||
aria-controls="more-actions-dropdown">Send to</button><div id="more-actions-dropdown" class="dropdown dropdown-container" hidden><div class="content"><ul class="more-actions-links"><li><a class="clipboard-panel-trigger dropdown-block-link "
|
||
href="#"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="clipboard"
|
||
data-ga-label="send">
|
||
Clipboard
|
||
</a></li><li><a role="button" class="dropdown-block-link bibliography-trigger-target" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F35164555%2F%23open-bibliography-panel">My Bibliography</a></li><li><a role="button" class="dropdown-block-link collections-trigger-target" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F35164555%2F%23open-collections-panel">Collections</a></li><li><a role="button" class="citation-manager-panel-trigger dropdown-block-link citation-manager-trigger-target" href="#">Citation manager</a></li></ul></div></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="display-options" data-format-key="format"
|
||
data-default-format-value="abstract"
|
||
data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region">
|
||
<button
|
||
class="trigger usa-button"
|
||
title="Change format"
|
||
data-ga-category="display_options"
|
||
data-ga-action="display_options_dialog">
|
||
<span class="button-label">Display options</span>
|
||
</button>
|
||
|
||
<div class="dropdown" hidden>
|
||
<div class="title">
|
||
Display options
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
|
||
<div class="format-container">
|
||
<span class="option-label">
|
||
Format
|
||
</span>
|
||
<select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="article-display-format">
|
||
<option value="abstract">Abstract</option>
|
||
|
||
<option value="pubmed">PubMed</option>
|
||
|
||
<option value="pmid">PMID</option>
|
||
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="rSlMz4odb3OvnCgmvlJ80DM75cyDr6fnIF5RcURzLEBZh3mc8EmauLiLDggPkHNH">
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="article-panels-container" class="article-panels-container">
|
||
<div id="save-action-panel" class="save-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Save citation to file
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<form id="save-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
action="/results-export-ids/"
|
||
data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/"
|
||
data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/"
|
||
method="post"
|
||
data-by-search-method="post"
|
||
data-by-ids-method="post">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="rSlMz4odb3OvnCgmvlJ80DM75cyDr6fnIF5RcURzLEBZh3mc8EmauLiLDggPkHNH">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="save-action-format" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Format:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="save-action-format" name="results-format" class="action-panel-selector">
|
||
<option value="summary-text">Summary (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="pubmed-text">PubMed</option>
|
||
<option value="pmid">PMID</option>
|
||
<option value="abstract">Abstract (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="csv">CSV</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Saving..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="save"
|
||
data-ga-label="save">
|
||
Create file
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Save citations to file' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_save_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="save-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="save"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="email-action-panel"
|
||
class="email-action-panel action-panel"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"
|
||
data-recaptcha-script-url="https://www.recaptcha.net/recaptcha/enterprise.js?render=explicit&onload=onloadCaptchaCallback"
|
||
data-recaptcha-enabled="true">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Email citation
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<form id="email-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
action="/send-email/"
|
||
data-by-search-action="/results-export-email-by-search-data/"
|
||
data-by-ids-action="/send-email/"
|
||
data-by-search-method="post"
|
||
data-by-ids-method="post"
|
||
method="post"
|
||
>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="rSlMz4odb3OvnCgmvlJ80DM75cyDr6fnIF5RcURzLEBZh3mc8EmauLiLDggPkHNH">
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<span class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Subject:
|
||
</span>
|
||
<span class="email-subject" id="email-subject" aria-label="Email subject">1 selected item: 35164555 - PubMed</span>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="email-subject" value="1 selected item: 35164555"/>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="email-subject-hash" value="e0b26e3038abe672a079f5ee92f08984ab0e7fd920d9dc564b197e1249b992d7"/>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="email-to" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
To:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input type="email" aria-label="Recipient Email Address" placeholder="email@example.com" id="email-to" class="email-to" pattern="^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$" maxlength="100" required>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="email-from" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
From:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input type="email" aria-label="Sender Email Address" placeholder="email@example.com" id="email-from" class="email-from" pattern="^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$" maxlength="256">
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="email-citation-format" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Format:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="email-citation-format" name="citation-format" class="action-panel-selector email-citation-format">
|
||
<option selected="selected" value="summary">Summary</option>
|
||
<option value="summary-text">Summary (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="abstract">Abstract</option>
|
||
<option value="abstract-text">Abstract (text)</option>
|
||
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="include-supplemental-container">
|
||
<input type="checkbox" aria-label="Include MeSH and other data" name="include-supplemental" id="email-include-supplemental" class="email-include-supplemental">
|
||
<label for="email-include-supplemental" class="email-include-supplemental-label">MeSH and other data</label>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="form-field recaptcha ">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="g-recaptcha" id="id-recaptcha" data-sitekey="6LfsWHMdAAAAAClKbtOpjQ2pMjgsGxvv7NdZW9uI"></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="captcha-error-message" class="usa-input-error-message captcha-validation-message" role="alert"></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Sending..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="email"
|
||
data-ga-label="send">
|
||
Send email
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Email citations' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_email_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="email-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="email"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="email-search-details" value="" />
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="email-search-details-hash" value="0e42663a6c3bd85498fcb88798998fed7bfdc45d457db35281e41afe13cc0524" />
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="collections-action-panel"
|
||
class="collections-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"
|
||
data-collections-open-panel-enabled="false"
|
||
data-collections-open-panel-url-hash="#open-collections-panel">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h3 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Add to Collections
|
||
</h3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<form id="collections-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
|
||
data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/"
|
||
data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/"
|
||
data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/"
|
||
data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/"
|
||
data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100"
|
||
data-add-to-collection-max-amount="1000"
|
||
data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="rSlMz4odb3OvnCgmvlJ80DM75cyDr6fnIF5RcURzLEBZh3mc8EmauLiLDggPkHNH">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup">
|
||
<ul class="radio-group-items">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input type="radio"
|
||
id="collections-action-panel-new"
|
||
class="collections-new"
|
||
name="collections"
|
||
value="new"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="collections"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_radio_new">
|
||
<label for="collections-action-panel-new">Create a new collection</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input type="radio"
|
||
id="collections-action-panel-existing"
|
||
class="collections-existing"
|
||
name="collections"
|
||
value="existing"
|
||
checked="true"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="collections"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing">
|
||
<label for="collections-action-panel-existing">Add to an existing collection</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="controls-wrapper">
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls">
|
||
<label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Name your collection:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input
|
||
type="text"
|
||
name="add-to-new-collection"
|
||
id="collections-action-panel-add-to-new"
|
||
class="collections-action-add-to-new"
|
||
pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"
|
||
maxlength="100"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="create_collection"
|
||
data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection">
|
||
<div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Name must be less than 100 characters
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls">
|
||
<label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Choose a collection:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing"
|
||
class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="select_collection"
|
||
data-ga-label="($('#collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'">
|
||
</select>
|
||
<div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Unable to load your collection due to an error<br>
|
||
<a href="#">Please try again</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Adding..."
|
||
data-pinger-ignore
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="collections"
|
||
data-ga-label="add">
|
||
Add
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="collections-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="collections"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="bibliography-action-panel"
|
||
class="bibliography-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"
|
||
data-bibliography-open-panel-enabled="false"
|
||
data-bibliography-open-panel-url-hash="#open-bibliography-panel">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h3 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Add to My Bibliography
|
||
</h3>
|
||
<form id="bibliography-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="bibliography-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
|
||
data-add-to-bibliography-max-amount="100"
|
||
data-add-to-bibliography-batch-size="10"
|
||
data-bibliography-delegates-url="/list-bibliography-delegates/"
|
||
data-add-to-bibliography-url="/add-to-bibliography/"
|
||
data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/"
|
||
data-mybib-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/mybibliography/">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="rSlMz4odb3OvnCgmvlJ80DM75cyDr6fnIF5RcURzLEBZh3mc8EmauLiLDggPkHNH">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap bibliographies-controls">
|
||
<div class="choice-group">
|
||
<ul class="bibliographies-action-add radio-group-items">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input name="bibliography" id="my-bibliography" class="my-bibliography" type="radio" checked/>
|
||
<label for="my-bibliography">My Bibliography</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="bibliographies-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Unable to load your delegates due to an error<br>
|
||
<a href="#">Please try again</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Adding..."
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Add
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Add to bibliography' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_bibliography_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="bibliography-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="mybib"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="saved-search-action-panel" class="saved-search-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true"
|
||
data-saved-search-open-panel-enabled="false"
|
||
data-saved-search-open-panel-url-hash="#open-saved-search-panel">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Your saved search
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
<form id="saved-search-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="saved-search-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
data-create-saved-search-url="/create-saved-search/"
|
||
data-try-search-terms-url="/try-search-term/"
|
||
data-saved-search-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/searches/">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="rSlMz4odb3OvnCgmvlJ80DM75cyDr6fnIF5RcURzLEBZh3mc8EmauLiLDggPkHNH">
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-name" class="action-panel-label saved-search-name-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Name of saved search:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input maxlength="200"
|
||
type="text"
|
||
name="saved-search-name"
|
||
id="saved-search-name"
|
||
class="saved-search-name"
|
||
value=""
|
||
required
|
||
pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/">
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-term" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Search terms:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<textarea name="saved-search-term" id="saved-search-term" class="saved-search-term" required></textarea>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="test-search-term-wrap">
|
||
<a href="#" class="try-search-term">Test search terms</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="choice-group action-panel-extra-margin-top">
|
||
<span class="action-panel-label" id="fieldset-label">
|
||
Would you like email updates of new search results?
|
||
</span>
|
||
<fieldset id="saved-search-alert" aria-describedby="fieldset-label">
|
||
<legend class="usa-sr-only">Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons</legend>
|
||
<ul class="radio-group-items">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-yes" class="saved-search-alert-yes" name="saved-search-alert" value="yes" checked>
|
||
<label for="saved-search-alert-yes" class="action-panel-label">Yes</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input aria-label="No radio input" type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-no" class="saved-search-alert-no" name="saved-search-alert" value="no">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-alert-no" class="action-panel-label">No</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</fieldset>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="alert-schedule-wrap">
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Email:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<span aria-label="Email address" id="saved-search-email" class="action-panel-label"><span class="action-panel-label-bold"></span> (<a class="myncbi-account-settings" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/">change</a>)</span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-frequency" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Frequency:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-frequency" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-frequency">
|
||
<option value="monthly">Monthly</option>
|
||
<option value="weekly">Weekly</option>
|
||
<option value="daily">Daily</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-monthly-additional">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Which day?
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector">
|
||
<option value="Sunday">The first Sunday</option>
|
||
<option value="Monday">The first Monday</option>
|
||
<option value="Tuesday">The first Tuesday</option>
|
||
<option value="Wednesday">The first Wednesday</option>
|
||
<option value="Thursday">The first Thursday</option>
|
||
<option value="Friday">The first Friday</option>
|
||
<option value="Saturday">The first Saturday</option>
|
||
<option value="day">The first day</option>
|
||
<option value="weekday">The first weekday</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-weekly-additional">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Which day?
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-weekly-on-day">
|
||
<option value="Sunday">Sunday</option>
|
||
<option value="Monday">Monday</option>
|
||
<option value="Tuesday">Tuesday</option>
|
||
<option value="Wednesday">Wednesday</option>
|
||
<option value="Thursday">Thursday</option>
|
||
<option value="Friday">Friday</option>
|
||
<option value="Saturday">Saturday</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-report" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Report format:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-report" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-report">
|
||
<option value="DocSum">Summary</option>
|
||
<option value="DocSumText">Summary (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="Abstract">Abstract</option>
|
||
<option value="AbstractText">Abstract (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="MEDLINE">PubMed</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-amount" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Send at most:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-amount" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-amount">
|
||
<option value="1">1 item</option>
|
||
<option value="5" selected>5 items</option>
|
||
<option value="10">10 items</option>
|
||
<option value="20">20 items</option>
|
||
<option value="50">50 items</option>
|
||
<option value="100">100 items</option>
|
||
<option value="200">200 items</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div>
|
||
<input type="checkbox" id="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="saved-search-send-if-no-result" name="saved-search-send-if-no-result">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="action-panel-label smaller-checkbox">
|
||
Send even when there aren't any new results
|
||
</label>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap option-text-in-email-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-email-text" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Optional text in email:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<textarea name="saved-search-email-text"
|
||
id="saved-search-email-text"
|
||
class="saved-search-email-text"></textarea>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Saving..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="alert"
|
||
data-ga-label="save">
|
||
Save
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Your saved search' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_saved_search_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="saved-search-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="alert"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="citation-manager-action-panel" class="citation-manager-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Create a file for external citation management software
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<form id="citation-manager-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
action="/results-export-ids/"
|
||
data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/"
|
||
data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/"
|
||
method="post"
|
||
data-by-search-method="post"
|
||
data-by-ids-method="post">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="rSlMz4odb3OvnCgmvlJ80DM75cyDr6fnIF5RcURzLEBZh3mc8EmauLiLDggPkHNH">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input name="results-format" type="hidden" value="pubmed"/>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Sending..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="citation_manager"
|
||
data-ga-label="save">
|
||
Create file
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Send citations to citation manager' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_citation_manager_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="citation-manager-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="citation_manager"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="rss-action-panel" class="rss-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Your RSS Feed
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
<form id="rss-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="rss-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
data-create-rss-feed-url="/create-rss-feed-url/"
|
||
data-search-form-term-value="">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="rSlMz4odb3OvnCgmvlJ80DM75cyDr6fnIF5RcURzLEBZh3mc8EmauLiLDggPkHNH">
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="rss-name" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Name of RSS Feed:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input maxlength="200"
|
||
placeholder="Name"
|
||
type="text"
|
||
name="rss-name"
|
||
id="rss-name"
|
||
class="rss-name"
|
||
value=''
|
||
required
|
||
pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/">
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="rss-limit-wrap">
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top">
|
||
<label for="rss-limit" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Number of items displayed:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="rss-limit" class="no-border-panel-selector rss-limit">
|
||
<option value="5">5</option>
|
||
<option value="10">10</option>
|
||
<option value="15" selected="selected">15</option>
|
||
<option value="20">20</option>
|
||
<option value="50">50</option>
|
||
<option value="100">100</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Creating..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="alert"
|
||
data-ga-label="save">
|
||
Create RSS
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Your RSS' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_rss_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="rss-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="alert"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap rss-link-copy-wrap">
|
||
<label for="rss-link" class="usa-sr-only">RSS Link</label>
|
||
<input placeholder="Your RSS Feed Link" type="text" name="rss-link" id="rss-link" class="rss-link" title="RSS Link">
|
||
<button
|
||
type="button"
|
||
disabled
|
||
class="rss-link-copy-button disabled"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="rss"
|
||
data-ga-label="copy">
|
||
Copy
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="article-page" id="article-page" data-article-pmid="35164555">
|
||
<aside class="page-sidebar">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
|
||
<div class="full-text-links">
|
||
<div class="full-view">
|
||
<h3 class="title">
|
||
Full text links
|
||
</h3>
|
||
<div class="full-text-links-list">
|
||
<a class="link-item
|
||
|
||
dialog-focus"
|
||
href="https://journals.asm.org/doi/abs/10.1128/mbio.00044-22?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub 0pubmed"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="noopener"
|
||
|
||
ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&is_pmc=False&PrId=4487&itool=Abstract-def&log$=linkouticon&uid=35164555&db=pubmed&nlmid=101519231"
|
||
title="See full text options at Atypon"
|
||
|
||
data-ga-category="full_text"
|
||
data-ga-action="Atypon"
|
||
data-ga-label="35164555"
|
||
><img src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/query/egifs/https:--journals.asm.org-pb-assets-pubmed-pubmed_ASMJ_OA.png" alt="Atypon full text link"><span class="text">
|
||
|
||
Atypon
|
||
|
||
</span></a><a class="link-item
|
||
pmc
|
||
"
|
||
href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/35164555/"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="noopener"
|
||
|
||
ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&is_pmc=True&PrId=3494&itool=Abstract-def&log$=linkouticon&uid=35164555&db=pubmed&nlmid=101519231"
|
||
title="Free full text at PubMed Central"
|
||
|
||
data-ga-category="full_text"
|
||
data-ga-action="PMC"
|
||
data-ga-label="35164555"
|
||
><span class="text">
|
||
|
||
Free PMC article
|
||
|
||
</span></a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="short-view">
|
||
<a href="#" class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger">
|
||
Full text links
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="actions-buttons sidebar"><h3 class="title">Actions</h3><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger"
|
||
aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="cite"
|
||
data-ga-label="open"
|
||
data-all-citations-url="/35164555/citations/"
|
||
data-citation-style="nlm"
|
||
data-pubmed-format-link="/35164555/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><link type="text/css" href="ncbi-overlay-block/src/overlay-block.css"><div class="collections-button-container" data-article-id="35164555" data-article-db="pubmed"><button class="collections-button collections-dialog-trigger"
|
||
aria-label="Save article in MyNCBI collections."
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_button"
|
||
data-collections-open-dialog-enabled="false"
|
||
data-collections-open-dialog-url="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F35164555%2F%23open-collections-dialog"
|
||
data-in-collections="false"><span class="button-label">Collections</span></button><div class="overlay" role="dialog"><div id="collections-action-dialog"
|
||
class="dialog collections-dialog"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"><div class="title">Add to Collections</div><div class="collections-action-panel action-panel"><form id="collections-action-dialog-form"
|
||
class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
|
||
data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/"
|
||
data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/"
|
||
data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/"
|
||
data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100"
|
||
data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/"><input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="rSlMz4odb3OvnCgmvlJ80DM75cyDr6fnIF5RcURzLEBZh3mc8EmauLiLDggPkHNH"><div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup"><ul class="radio-group-items"><li><input type="radio"
|
||
id="collections-action-dialog-new"
|
||
class="collections-new"
|
||
name="collections"
|
||
value="new"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_radio_new"><label for="collections-action-dialog-new">Create a new collection</label></li><li><input type="radio"
|
||
id="collections-action-dialog-existing"
|
||
class="collections-existing"
|
||
name="collections"
|
||
value="existing"
|
||
checked="true"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing"><label for="collections-action-dialog-existing">Add to an existing collection</label></li></ul></div><div class="controls-wrapper"><div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Name your collection:
|
||
</label><input
|
||
type="text"
|
||
name="add-to-new-collection"
|
||
id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new"
|
||
class="collections-action-add-to-new"
|
||
pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"
|
||
maxlength="100"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="create_collection"
|
||
data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"><div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Name must be less than 100 characters
|
||
</div></div><div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Choose a collection:
|
||
</label><select id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing"
|
||
class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="select_collection"
|
||
data-ga-label="($('.collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"></select><div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Unable to load your collection due to an error<br><a href="#">Please try again</a></div></div></div><div class="action-panel-actions"><button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Adding..."
|
||
data-pinger-ignore
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="add">
|
||
Add
|
||
</button><button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="collections-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button></div></form></div></div></div></div><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger"
|
||
title="Open dialog with more actions to take"
|
||
ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" data-format-key="format"
|
||
data-default-format-value="abstract"
|
||
data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"><button
|
||
class="trigger usa-button"
|
||
title="Change format"
|
||
data-ga-category="display_options"
|
||
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CRP-Like Transcriptional Regulator MrpC Curbs c-di-GMP and 3',3'-cGAMP Nucleotide Levels during Development in Myxococcus xanthus
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CRP-Like Transcriptional Regulator MrpC Curbs c-di-GMP and 3',3'-cGAMP Nucleotide Levels during Development in Myxococcus xanthus
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Myxococcus xanthus has a nutrient-regulated biphasic life cycle forming predatory swarms in the presence of nutrients and spore-filled fruiting bodies in the absence of nutrients. The second messenger 3'-5', 3'-5 cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) is essential during both stages of the life cycle; however, different enzymes involved in c-di-GMP synthesis and degradation as well as several c-di-GMP receptors are important during distinct life cycle stages. To address this stage specificity, we determined transcript levels using transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) and transcription start sites using Cappable sequencing (Cappable-seq) during growth and development genome wide. All 70 genes encoding c-di-GMP-associated proteins were expressed, with 28 upregulated and 10 downregulated during development. Specifically, the three genes encoding enzymatically active proteins with a stage-specific function were expressed stage specifically. By combining operon mapping with published chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) data for MrpC (M. Robinson, B. Son, D. Kroos, L. Kroos, BMC Genomics 15:1123, 2014, http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-15-1123), the cAMP receptor protein (CRP)-like master regulator of development, we identified nine developmentally regulated genes as regulated by MrpC. In particular, MrpC directly represses the expression of <i>dmxB</i>, which encodes the diguanylate cyclase DmxB that is essential for development and responsible for the c-di-GMP increase during development. Moreover, MrpC directly activates the transcription of <i>pmxA</i>, which encodes a bifunctional phosphodiesterase that degrades c-di-GMP and 3',3'-cGAMP <i>in vitro</i> and is essential for development. Thereby, MrpC regulates and curbs the cellular pools of c-di-GMP and 3',3'-cGAMP during development. We conclude that temporal regulation of the synthesis of proteins involved in c-di-GMP metabolism contributes to c-di-GMP signaling specificity. MrpC is important for this regulation, thereby being a key regulator of developmental cyclic di-nucleotide metabolism in M. xanthus. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> The second messenger c-di-GMP is important during both stages of the nutrient-regulated biphasic life cycle of Myxococcus xanthus with the formation of predatory swarms in the presence of nutrients and spore-filled fruiting bodies in the absence of nutrients. However, different enzymes involved in c-di-GMP synthesis and degradation are important during distinct life cycle stages. Here, we show that the three genes encoding enzymatically active proteins with a stage-specific function are expressed stage specifically. Moreover, we find that the master transcriptional regulator of development MrpC directly regulates the expression of <i>dmxB</i>, which encodes the diguanylate cyclase DmxB that is essential for development, and of <i>pmxA</i>, which encodes a bifunctional phosphodiesterase that degrades c-di-GMP and 3',3'-cGAMP <i>in vitro</i> and is essential for development. We conclude that temporal regulation of the synthesis of proteins involved in c-di-GMP metabolism contributes to c-di-GMP signaling specificity and that MrpC plays an important role in this regulation.
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</div>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
<p>
|
||
|
||
<strong class="sub-title">
|
||
Keywords:
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
3'; 3'-cGAMP; CRP; CRP-like proteins; Cappable-seq; PilZ; c-di-GMP; cGAMP; cyclic nucleotides; development; diguanylate cyclase; fruiting body formation; phosphodiesterase; second messenger; sporulation.
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
||
</div>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
|
||
<p class="disclaimer" id="disclaimer">
|
||
<a href="/disclaimer/" target="_blank" data-ga-category="literature_resources"
|
||
data-ga-action="disclaimer_link" data-ga-label="under_abstract">PubMed Disclaimer</a>
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
<div class="conflict-of-interest" id="conflict-of-interest">
|
||
<h2 class="title">
|
||
Conflict of interest statement
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
<div class="statement">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:p1="http://pubmed.gov/pub-one">The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
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|
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|
||
|
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|
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|
||
<div class="figures" id="figures">
|
||
<h2 class="title">
|
||
Figures
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
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|
||
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|
||
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|
||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/137e/8844925/ccc12cc9ca73/mbio.00044-22-f001.jpg"
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data-image-alt="FIG 1"
|
||
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|
||
data-figure-id="fig1">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-0"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/137e/8844925/5b310dcbfb03/mbio.00044-22-f001.gif"
|
||
alt="FIG 1" />
|
||
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> FIG 1 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Expression of genes for “c-di-GMP-associated… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
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|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> FIG 1 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Expression of genes for “c-di-GMP-associated proteins.” (A) Expression of the genes encoding c-di-GMP-associated… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-0" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
|
||
|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
FIG 1
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Expression of genes for “c-di-GMP-associated proteins.” (A) Expression of the genes encoding c-di-GMP-associated proteins. The heatmap shows normalized read counts at the indicated time points. Genes are color-coded according to the key on the right. MXAN_2807 is indicated as a protein with an HD-GYP domain; this protein also contains a MshEN domain. (B) Relative transcript levels during development for genes encoding c-di-GMP-associated proteins. The heatmap shows the log<sub>2</sub>-fold change at 6, 12, 18, or 24 h of development relative to 0 h calculated from the normalized read counts (Table S1B). Genes marked * or # were expressed at lower and higher levels, respectively, in the Δ<i>mrpC</i> mutant compared with those in the WT, as determined using RT-qPCR (see also Fig. 2 and Fig. S3). Colored boxes on the right indicate the four clusters with distinct expression profiles.</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
|
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|
||
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||
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|
||
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|
||
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|
||
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|
||
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|
||
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|
||
data-image-alt="FIG 2"
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC8844925"
|
||
data-figure-id="fig2">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-1"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/137e/8844925/819be3656f71/mbio.00044-22-f002.gif"
|
||
alt="FIG 2" />
|
||
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|
||
|
||
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<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="2387">
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||
|
||
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> FIG 2 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Regulation of the expression of… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
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|
||
|
||
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> FIG 2 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Regulation of the expression of genes encoding c-di-GMP-associated proteins by MrpC. Total RNA… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-1" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
FIG 2
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Regulation of the expression of genes encoding c-di-GMP-associated proteins by MrpC. Total RNA was isolated from cells developed in MC7 submerged cultures at the indicated time points from WT (black) and the Δ<i>mrpC</i> mutant (red). Transcript levels were determined using RT-qPCR and are shown as mean ± standard deviation (SD) from two biological replicates, each with two technical replicates, relative to WT at 0 h. *, <i>P</i> < 0.05; Student’s <i>t</i> test in which samples from the Δ<i>mrpC</i> mutant were compared with the samples from WT at the same time point. <i>fruA</i> served as a positive control. Based on protein sequence analysis, MXAN_1525 and MXAN_4232 are predicted to have DGC and PDE activity, respectively; however, neither a ΔMXAN_1525 nor a ΔMXAN_4232 mutant has defects during growth or development (37, 40). <i>pkn1</i>, MXAN_2902, MXAN_6957, and MXAN_7024 are PilZ domain proteins; however, none contain the conserved motifs for c-di-GMP binding (27, 36). Except for Pkn1, a lack of any of these four proteins does not cause defects during growth or development (36, 60). MXAN_7500 is a MshEN domain protein with the sequence motifs for c-di-GMP binding (17); however, it is not known whether this protein binds c-di-GMP or whether it is important during growth and development.</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
|
||
|
||
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|
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|
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|
||
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|
||
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|
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|
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|
||
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|
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|
||
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|
||
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|
||
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|
||
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|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
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|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/137e/8844925/64033a524e96/mbio.00044-22-f003.gif"
|
||
alt="FIG 3" />
|
||
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|
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|
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|
||
|
||
<div class="caption-wrap">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> FIG 3 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> MrpC negatively regulates the expression… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
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|
||
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|
||
|
||
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> FIG 3 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> MrpC negatively regulates the expression of <i> dmxB </i> . (A) Schematic of the <i> dmxB… </i> </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-2" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
FIG 3
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">MrpC negatively regulates the expression of <i>dmxB</i>. (A) Schematic of the <i>dmxB</i> locus. The direction of transcription is indicated by the arrows. +1 indicates TSC of <i>dmxB</i>. Numbers above indicate the distance between start and stop codons of flanking genes. MXAN_3734 encodes a 577-amino acid residues protein with a C-terminal receiver domain of response regulators; the remainder of the protein does not contain known domains; MXAN_3734 is not important for development (40). (B) RNA-seq (bottom) and Cappable-seq (top) data at different time points. For each time point, data for both biological replicates are shown in blue and orange. For Cappable-seq, the RRS is indicated for each TSS on a log<sub>2</sub> scale; for RNA-seq, reads per kilo base per million mapped reads (RPKM) values were calculated for each nucleotide position. Data from RNA-seq and Cappable-seq are from different samples. +1 indicates the <i>dmxB</i> TSC. TSSs as mapped by Cappable-seq are indicated in purple relative to the TSC of <i>dmxB</i>. The center of the MrpC ChIP-seq peak is indicated in brown. (C) Feature map of <i>dmxB</i> promoter region. +1 and color code is as in panel B. Green boxes labeled BS1 to 4 indicate potential MrpC binding sites based on the consensus sequence as defined by reference ; sequences of BS1 to 4 are shown below and in which underlined text indicates a mismatch. Red indicates the sequence used to generate the mutant binding sites. The gray line indicates the EMSA probe and contains all four predicted MrpC binding sites. (D and E) MrpC binds to the <i>dmxB</i> promoter region using BS4. The indicated Hex-labeled probes were mixed with the indicated concentrations of His<sub>6</sub>-MrpC EMSA and analyzed by EMSA. (F) MrpC represses <i>dmxB</i> promoter(s). Total cell lysates from the indicated strains expressing <i>mcherry</i> from P<i><sub>dmxB</sub></i><sup>WT</sup> were harvested from cells developed in MC7 submerged cultures at the indicated time points. A total of 10 μg of protein was loaded per lane, and samples were separated by SDS-PAGE. Top and bottom blots were probed with α-mCherry and α-PilC antibodies, respectively. The PilC blot served as a loading control. Numbers below the top panel indicate in the accumulation of mCherry relative to PilC as mean ± SD as measured in three biological replicates (Materials and Methods). *, <i>P</i> < 0.05; in Student’s <i>t</i> test in which samples from the Δ<i>mrpC</i> mutant were compared with samples from WT at the same time point. Vector with <i>mCherry</i> but without the <i>dmxB</i> promoter served as a negative control (vector). mCherry separates into two bands; the reason for this result is not known. (G) BS4 is important for MrpC-dependent repression of <i>dmxB</i> promoter(s). Total cell lysates from the indicated WT strains expressing mCherry from the two indicated promoters were prepared and analyzed as in panel F. (H) DmxB accumulates at increased levels in the Δ<i>mrpC</i> mutant. Total cell lysates of the indicated strains were harvested from cells developed in MC7 submerged conditions at indicated time points and analyzed as in panel F except that the accumulation of DmxB relative to PilC was calculated.</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
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|
||
|
||
|
||
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
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|
||
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
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|
||
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|
||
|
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|
||
|
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|
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|
||
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|
||
<p> FIG 4 </p>
|
||
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> MrpC positively regulates the expression… </p></div>
|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
||
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|
||
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|
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|
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|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
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|
||
<p> FIG 4 </p>
|
||
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> MrpC positively regulates the expression of <i> pmxA </i> . (A) Schematic of the <i> pmxA… </i> </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
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|
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|
||
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
FIG 4
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">MrpC positively regulates the expression of <i>pmxA</i>. (A) Schematic of the <i>pmxA</i> locus. The direction of transcription is indicated by the arrows. +1 indicates TSC of <i>pmxA</i>. Numbers above indicate the distance between start and stop codons of flanking genes. MXAN_2063 encodes a FecR domain-containing protein with a lipoprotein signal peptide and MXAN_2062 encodes a protein with a type I signal peptide, an N-terminal LysM domain, and a C-terminal extracellular fibronectin type III domain. The function of these two proteins is not known. (B) RNA-seq (bottom) and Cappable-seq (top) data at different time points for genes at <i>pmxA</i> locus. For each time point, data for both biological replicates are shown in blue and orange. For Cappable-seq, the RRS is indicated for each TSS on a log<sub>2</sub> scale; for RNA-seq, RPKM values were calculated for each nucleotide position. The data from RNA-seq and Cappable-seq were obtained from different samples. Left, +1 indicates TSCs of MXAN_2064-_2060; right, zoom of region indicated in the hatched box in left panels immediately upstream of <i>pmxA</i> and where +1 indicates the TSC of <i>pmxA</i>. In both sets of panels, TSSs as mapped by Cappable-seq are indicated in purple relative to the nearest TSC. The center of the MrpC ChIP-seq peak is indicated in brown. (C) Feature map of <i>pmxA</i> promoter region. +1 and color code is as in panel B. Green boxes labeled BS1 to 3 indicate potential MrpC binding sites based on the consensus sequence as defined by reference ; sequences of BS1 to 3 are shown below and in which underlined text indicates a mismatch. Red indicates the sequence used to generate the mutant binding sites. The gray line indicates the EMSA probe and contains all three predicted MrpC binding sites. (D and E) MrpC binds to the <i>pmxA</i> promoter region using BS1 and BS2. The indicated Hex-labeled probes were mixed with the indicated concentrations of His<sub>6</sub>-MrpC EMSA and analyzed by EMSA. (F) MrpC activates <i>pmxA</i> promoter(s). Total cell lysates from the indicated strains expressing <i>mCherry</i> from P<i><sub>pmxA</sub></i><sup>WT</sup> were harvested from cells developed in MC7 submerged cultures at the indicated time points and then analyzed as in Fig. 3F. (G) BS1 and BS2 are important for MrpC-dependent activation of the <i>pmxA</i> promoter(s). Total cell lysates from the indicated WT strains expressing mCherry from the indicated promoters were prepared and analyzed as in Fig. 3F. (H) PmxA accumulates at reduced levels in the Δ<i>mrpC</i> mutant. Total cell lysates of the indicated strains were harvested from cells developed in MC7 submerged conditions at indicated time points and analyzed as in Fig. 3F except that the accumulation of PmxA-mVenus relative to PilC was calculated.</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
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|
||
|
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|
||
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|
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|
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|
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<strong class="figure-label">
|
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<p> FIG 5 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
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||
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||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> c-di-GMP and cGAMP accumulation during… </p></div>
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||
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|
||
</div>
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</div>
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<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
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<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> FIG 5 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> c-di-GMP and cGAMP accumulation during growth and development. (A and B) Cells were… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
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<figcaption id="figure-caption-4" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
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<strong class="figure-label">
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||
FIG 5
|
||
</strong>
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||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">c-di-GMP and cGAMP accumulation during growth and development. (A and B) Cells were harvested at the indicated time points of development, and nucleotide levels and protein concentrations were determined. Levels are shown as mean ± SD calculated from three biological replicates. Individual data points are in light blue. *, <i>P</i> < 0.05; in Student’s <i>t</i> test. At each specific time point, only pairwise comparisons with significant differences are indicated.</div>
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||
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||
</figcaption>
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data-label-slug="fig-6">
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<a class="figure-link"
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href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/137e/8844925/5a26c8a317ea/mbio.00044-22-f006.jpg"
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itemprop="contentUrl"
|
||
aria-describedby="figure-caption-5"
|
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role="button"
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||
data-image-width="4130"
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||
data-image-height="2421"
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data-image-alt="FIG 6"
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data-pmc-id="PMC8844925"
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||
data-figure-id="fig6">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
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||
id="article-image-5"
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||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/137e/8844925/7f17cd97a559/mbio.00044-22-f006.gif"
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||
alt="FIG 6" />
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<strong class="figure-label">
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||
<p> FIG 6 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> MrpC, DmxA, PmxA-mVenus, c-di-GMP, and… </p></div>
|
||
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||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
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<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
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||
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<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> FIG 6 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> MrpC, DmxA, PmxA-mVenus, c-di-GMP, and cGAMP accumulation in aggregated and nonaggregated cells. (A)… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
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||
|
||
</div>
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<figcaption id="figure-caption-5" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
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<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
FIG 6
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">MrpC, DmxA, PmxA-mVenus, c-di-GMP, and cGAMP accumulation in aggregated and nonaggregated cells. (A) MrpC, DmxB, and PmxA-mVenus accumulate at the same levels in aggregated (A) and nonaggregated (NA) cells. Cells were harvested at the indicated time points of development and separated into the two cell fractions. A total of 10 μg of protein was loaded per lane, and samples were separated by SDS-PAGE. Top blots were probed with α-MrpC, α-DmxB, or α-GFP; middle blots with α-PilC; and bottom blots with α-Protein C antibodies. The PilC blots served as loading controls and the Protein C blots as cell separation controls. (B and C) c-di-GMP (B) and cGAMP (C) accumulate at the same levels in aggregated and nonaggregated cells of WT. Samples were generated as in panel A. Levels are shown as mean ± SD calculated from three biological replicates. Individual data points are in light blue. At each specific time point, no significant differences were identified in pairwise comparisons in Student’s <i>t</i> test.</div>
|
||
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</figcaption>
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||
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itemprop="contentUrl"
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||
aria-describedby="figure-caption-6"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-image-width="783"
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||
data-image-height="397"
|
||
data-image-alt="FIG 7"
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||
data-pmc-id="PMC8844925"
|
||
data-figure-id="fig7">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-6"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/137e/8844925/cb53af1b8c59/mbio.00044-22-f007.gif"
|
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<div class="caption-wrap">
|
||
|
||
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||
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<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> FIG 7 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Schematic of <i> dmxB </i> and <i> pmxA… </i> </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
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<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
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||
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||
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||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> FIG 7 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Schematic of <i> dmxB </i> and <i> pmxA </i> promoter regions. +1 indicate TSC of <i> dmxB </i> or… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-6" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
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|
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|
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||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
FIG 7
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Schematic of <i>dmxB</i> and <i>pmxA</i> promoter regions. +1 indicate TSC of <i>dmxB</i> or <i>pmxA</i>; TSSs are indicated in purple and gray and with developmentally regulated TSSs in purple; green boxes indicate verified MrpC binding sites named as in Fig. 3C and 4C. All coordinates are relative to the TSC (+1).</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
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||
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</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="mesh-terms" class="mesh-terms keywords-section">
|
||
<h2 class="title">
|
||
MeSH terms
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
<ul class="keywords-list"><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Bacterial Proteins / metabolism"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-0"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Bacterial Proteins / metabolism
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-0"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Bacterial Proteins / metabolism"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Bacterial+Proteins%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Bacterial+Proteins%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Bacterial Proteins/metabolism"[MeSH]"
|
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data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term"
|
||
data-ga-label="Bacterial Proteins / metabolism">
|
||
Search in PubMed
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
||
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Bacterial+Proteins"
|
||
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
|
||
data-ga-label="Bacterial Proteins / metabolism">
|
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Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
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role="button"
|
||
data-search-term=""Bacterial Proteins/metabolism"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
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data-ga-label=""Bacterial Proteins/metabolism"[MeSH]"
|
||
href="#">
|
||
Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein / genetics"
|
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tabindex="0"
|
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aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-1"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
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Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein / genetics
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-1"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein / genetics"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Cyclic+AMP+Receptor+Protein%2Fgenetics%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Cyclic+AMP+Receptor+Protein%2Fgenetics%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein/genetics"[MeSH]"
|
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data-ga-category="search"
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data-ga-action="mesh_term"
|
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data-ga-label="Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein / genetics">
|
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Search in PubMed
|
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</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
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ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
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href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Cyclic+AMP+Receptor+Protein"
|
||
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
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data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
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data-ga-label="Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein / genetics">
|
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Search in MeSH
|
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</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
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ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
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role="button"
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data-search-term=""Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein/genetics"[MeSH]"
|
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data-ga-category="search"
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data-ga-action="add_to_search"
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data-ga-label=""Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein/genetics"[MeSH]"
|
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href="#">
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Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Cyclic GMP / metabolism"
|
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tabindex="0"
|
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aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-2"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
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data-pinger-ignore>
|
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Cyclic GMP / metabolism
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-2"
|
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class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Cyclic GMP / metabolism"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Cyclic+GMP%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Cyclic+GMP%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Cyclic GMP/metabolism"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
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data-ga-action="mesh_term"
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data-ga-label="Cyclic GMP / metabolism">
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Search in PubMed
|
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</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
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ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
||
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Cyclic+GMP"
|
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data-ga-category="search_mesh"
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data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
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data-ga-label="Cyclic GMP / metabolism">
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Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
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ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
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role="button"
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data-search-term=""Cyclic GMP/metabolism"[MeSH]"
|
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data-ga-category="search"
|
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data-ga-action="add_to_search"
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data-ga-label=""Cyclic GMP/metabolism"[MeSH]"
|
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href="#">
|
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Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Escherichia coli Proteins* / metabolism"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-3"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Escherichia coli Proteins* / metabolism
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-3"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Escherichia coli Proteins* / metabolism"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Escherichia+coli+Proteins%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Escherichia+coli+Proteins%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Escherichia coli Proteins/metabolism"[MAJR]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term"
|
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data-ga-label="Escherichia coli Proteins* / metabolism">
|
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Search in PubMed
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
||
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Escherichia+coli+Proteins"
|
||
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
|
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data-ga-label="Escherichia coli Proteins* / metabolism">
|
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Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
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role="button"
|
||
data-search-term=""Escherichia coli Proteins/metabolism"[MAJR]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
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data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
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data-ga-label=""Escherichia coli Proteins/metabolism"[MAJR]"
|
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href="#">
|
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Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
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aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-4"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-4"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Gene+Expression+Regulation%2C+Bacterial%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Gene+Expression+Regulation%2C+Bacterial%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial"[MeSH]"
|
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data-ga-category="search"
|
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data-ga-action="mesh_term"
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data-ga-label="Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial">
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Search in PubMed
|
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</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
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href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Gene+Expression+Regulation%2C+Bacterial"
|
||
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
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data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
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data-ga-label="Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial">
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Search in MeSH
|
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</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
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ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
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role="button"
|
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data-search-term=""Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
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data-ga-action="add_to_search"
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data-ga-label=""Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial"[MeSH]"
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href="#">
|
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Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Myxococcus xanthus* / genetics"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-5"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Myxococcus xanthus* / genetics
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-5"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Myxococcus xanthus* / genetics"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Myxococcus+xanthus%2Fgenetics%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Myxococcus+xanthus%2Fgenetics%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Myxococcus xanthus/genetics"[MAJR]"
|
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data-ga-category="search"
|
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data-ga-action="mesh_term"
|
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data-ga-label="Myxococcus xanthus* / genetics">
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Search in PubMed
|
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</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
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ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
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href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Myxococcus+xanthus"
|
||
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
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data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
|
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data-ga-label="Myxococcus xanthus* / genetics">
|
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Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
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role="button"
|
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data-search-term=""Myxococcus xanthus/genetics"[MAJR]"
|
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data-ga-category="search"
|
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data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
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data-ga-label=""Myxococcus xanthus/genetics"[MAJR]"
|
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href="#">
|
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Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Nucleotides / metabolism"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-6"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Nucleotides / metabolism
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-6"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Nucleotides / metabolism"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Nucleotides%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Nucleotides%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Nucleotides/metabolism"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
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data-ga-action="mesh_term"
|
||
data-ga-label="Nucleotides / metabolism">
|
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Search in PubMed
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
||
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Nucleotides"
|
||
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
|
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data-ga-label="Nucleotides / metabolism">
|
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Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
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role="button"
|
||
data-search-term=""Nucleotides/metabolism"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
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data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
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data-ga-label=""Nucleotides/metabolism"[MeSH]"
|
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href="#">
|
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Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases / genetics"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-7"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases / genetics
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-7"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases / genetics"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Phosphoric+Diester+Hydrolases%2Fgenetics%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Phosphoric+Diester+Hydrolases%2Fgenetics%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases/genetics"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
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data-ga-action="mesh_term"
|
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data-ga-label="Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases / genetics">
|
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Search in PubMed
|
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</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
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ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
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href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Phosphoric+Diester+Hydrolases"
|
||
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
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data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
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data-ga-label="Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases / genetics">
|
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Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
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ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
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role="button"
|
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data-search-term=""Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases/genetics"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
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data-ga-action="add_to_search"
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data-ga-label=""Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases/genetics"[MeSH]"
|
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Add to Search
|
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li></ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="substances" class="substances keywords-section">
|
||
<h2 class="title">
|
||
Substances
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
<ul class="keywords-list"><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword bis(3',5')-cyclic diguanylic acid"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
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aria-controls="keyword-actions-substances-0"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
bis(3',5')-cyclic diguanylic acid
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-0"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword bis(3',5')-cyclic diguanylic acid"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22bis%283%27%2C5%27%29-cyclic+diguanylic+acid%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22bis%283%27%2C5%27%29-cyclic+diguanylic+acid%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
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ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&keyword="bis(3',5')-cyclic diguanylic acid"[nm]"
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data-ga-category="search"
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data-ga-action="substance"
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data-ga-label="bis(3',5')-cyclic diguanylic acid">
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Search in PubMed
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</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
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href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=%22bis%283%27%2C5%27%29-cyclic+diguanylic+acid%22"
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data-ga-category="search_mesh"
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Search in MeSH
|
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</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
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ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
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role="button"
|
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data-search-term=""bis(3',5')-cyclic diguanylic acid"[nm]"
|
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data-ga-category="search"
|
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data-ga-action="add_to_search"
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Add to Search
|
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
aria-controls="keyword-actions-substances-1"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-1"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22cyclic+guanosine+monophosphate-adenosine+monophosphate%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22cyclic+guanosine+monophosphate-adenosine+monophosphate%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&keyword="cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate"[nm]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
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data-ga-action="substance"
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data-ga-label="cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate">
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Search in PubMed
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</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
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