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||
|
||
|
||
<div id="article-page-header">
|
||
<div id="article-top-actions-bar" class="article-top-actions-bar">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<div class="actions-container">
|
||
<div class="return-to-search">
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="multiple-results-actions " role="region" aria-label="save, email, send to">
|
||
<button id="save-results-panel-trigger"
|
||
type="button"
|
||
class="save-results save-results-panel-trigger"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
aria-controls="save-action-panel"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="save"
|
||
data-ga-label="open">
|
||
Save
|
||
</button><button id="email-results-panel-trigger"
|
||
type="button"
|
||
class="email-results email-results-panel-trigger"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
aria-controls="email-action-panel"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="email"
|
||
data-ga-label="open">
|
||
Email
|
||
</button><div class="more-actions dropdown-block"><button id="more-actions-trigger"
|
||
type="button"
|
||
class="trigger more-actions-trigger"
|
||
ref="linksrc=show_moreactions_btn"
|
||
aria-label="Send to"
|
||
aria-controls="more-actions-dropdown">Send to</button><div id="more-actions-dropdown" class="dropdown dropdown-container" hidden><div class="content"><ul class="more-actions-links"><li><a class="clipboard-panel-trigger dropdown-block-link "
|
||
href="#"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="clipboard"
|
||
data-ga-label="send">
|
||
Clipboard
|
||
</a></li><li><a role="button" class="dropdown-block-link bibliography-trigger-target" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F33861456%2F%23open-bibliography-panel">My Bibliography</a></li><li><a role="button" class="dropdown-block-link collections-trigger-target" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F33861456%2F%23open-collections-panel">Collections</a></li><li><a role="button" class="citation-manager-panel-trigger dropdown-block-link citation-manager-trigger-target" href="#">Citation manager</a></li></ul></div></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="display-options" data-format-key="format"
|
||
data-default-format-value="abstract"
|
||
data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region">
|
||
<button
|
||
class="trigger usa-button"
|
||
title="Change format"
|
||
data-ga-category="display_options"
|
||
data-ga-action="display_options_dialog">
|
||
<span class="button-label">Display options</span>
|
||
</button>
|
||
|
||
<div class="dropdown" hidden>
|
||
<div class="title">
|
||
Display options
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
|
||
<div class="format-container">
|
||
<span class="option-label">
|
||
Format
|
||
</span>
|
||
<select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="article-display-format">
|
||
<option value="abstract">Abstract</option>
|
||
|
||
<option value="pubmed">PubMed</option>
|
||
|
||
<option value="pmid">PMID</option>
|
||
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="lUQU0Th137cpUp0qL3gFqoWMNYMrBUnMCHAZDJKnDIZTOQ6gomTHUwsql2uDuvV6">
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="article-panels-container" class="article-panels-container">
|
||
<div id="save-action-panel" class="save-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Save citation to file
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<form id="save-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
action="/results-export-ids/"
|
||
data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/"
|
||
data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/"
|
||
method="post"
|
||
data-by-search-method="post"
|
||
data-by-ids-method="post">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="lUQU0Th137cpUp0qL3gFqoWMNYMrBUnMCHAZDJKnDIZTOQ6gomTHUwsql2uDuvV6">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="save-action-format" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Format:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="save-action-format" name="results-format" class="action-panel-selector">
|
||
<option value="summary-text">Summary (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="pubmed-text">PubMed</option>
|
||
<option value="pmid">PMID</option>
|
||
<option value="abstract">Abstract (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="csv">CSV</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Saving..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="save"
|
||
data-ga-label="save">
|
||
Create file
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Save citations to file' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_save_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="save-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="save"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="email-action-panel"
|
||
class="email-action-panel action-panel"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"
|
||
data-recaptcha-script-url="https://www.recaptcha.net/recaptcha/enterprise.js?render=explicit&onload=onloadCaptchaCallback"
|
||
data-recaptcha-enabled="true">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Email citation
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<form id="email-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
action="/send-email/"
|
||
data-by-search-action="/results-export-email-by-search-data/"
|
||
data-by-ids-action="/send-email/"
|
||
data-by-search-method="post"
|
||
data-by-ids-method="post"
|
||
method="post"
|
||
>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="lUQU0Th137cpUp0qL3gFqoWMNYMrBUnMCHAZDJKnDIZTOQ6gomTHUwsql2uDuvV6">
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<span class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Subject:
|
||
</span>
|
||
<span class="email-subject" id="email-subject" aria-label="Email subject">1 selected item: 33861456 - PubMed</span>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="email-subject" value="1 selected item: 33861456"/>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="email-subject-hash" value="4b73b5416e7cf5c3be0ac782ea6debeef749788364be7aff36584e80a3bc8bf0"/>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="email-to" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
To:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input type="email" aria-label="Recipient Email Address" placeholder="email@example.com" id="email-to" class="email-to" pattern="^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$" maxlength="100" required>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="email-from" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
From:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input type="email" aria-label="Sender Email Address" placeholder="email@example.com" id="email-from" class="email-from" pattern="^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$" maxlength="256">
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="email-citation-format" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Format:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="email-citation-format" name="citation-format" class="action-panel-selector email-citation-format">
|
||
<option selected="selected" value="summary">Summary</option>
|
||
<option value="summary-text">Summary (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="abstract">Abstract</option>
|
||
<option value="abstract-text">Abstract (text)</option>
|
||
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="include-supplemental-container">
|
||
<input type="checkbox" aria-label="Include MeSH and other data" name="include-supplemental" id="email-include-supplemental" class="email-include-supplemental">
|
||
<label for="email-include-supplemental" class="email-include-supplemental-label">MeSH and other data</label>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="form-field recaptcha ">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="g-recaptcha" id="id-recaptcha" data-sitekey="6LfsWHMdAAAAAClKbtOpjQ2pMjgsGxvv7NdZW9uI"></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="captcha-error-message" class="usa-input-error-message captcha-validation-message" role="alert"></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Sending..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="email"
|
||
data-ga-label="send">
|
||
Send email
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Email citations' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_email_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="email-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="email"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="email-search-details" value="" />
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="email-search-details-hash" value="0e42663a6c3bd85498fcb88798998fed7bfdc45d457db35281e41afe13cc0524" />
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="collections-action-panel"
|
||
class="collections-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"
|
||
data-collections-open-panel-enabled="false"
|
||
data-collections-open-panel-url-hash="#open-collections-panel">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h3 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Add to Collections
|
||
</h3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<form id="collections-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
|
||
data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/"
|
||
data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/"
|
||
data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/"
|
||
data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/"
|
||
data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100"
|
||
data-add-to-collection-max-amount="1000"
|
||
data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="lUQU0Th137cpUp0qL3gFqoWMNYMrBUnMCHAZDJKnDIZTOQ6gomTHUwsql2uDuvV6">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup">
|
||
<ul class="radio-group-items">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input type="radio"
|
||
id="collections-action-panel-new"
|
||
class="collections-new"
|
||
name="collections"
|
||
value="new"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="collections"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_radio_new">
|
||
<label for="collections-action-panel-new">Create a new collection</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input type="radio"
|
||
id="collections-action-panel-existing"
|
||
class="collections-existing"
|
||
name="collections"
|
||
value="existing"
|
||
checked="true"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="collections"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing">
|
||
<label for="collections-action-panel-existing">Add to an existing collection</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="controls-wrapper">
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls">
|
||
<label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Name your collection:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input
|
||
type="text"
|
||
name="add-to-new-collection"
|
||
id="collections-action-panel-add-to-new"
|
||
class="collections-action-add-to-new"
|
||
pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"
|
||
maxlength="100"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="create_collection"
|
||
data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection">
|
||
<div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Name must be less than 100 characters
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls">
|
||
<label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Choose a collection:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing"
|
||
class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="select_collection"
|
||
data-ga-label="($('#collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'">
|
||
</select>
|
||
<div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Unable to load your collection due to an error<br>
|
||
<a href="#">Please try again</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Adding..."
|
||
data-pinger-ignore
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="collections"
|
||
data-ga-label="add">
|
||
Add
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="collections-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="collections"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="bibliography-action-panel"
|
||
class="bibliography-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"
|
||
data-bibliography-open-panel-enabled="false"
|
||
data-bibliography-open-panel-url-hash="#open-bibliography-panel">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h3 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Add to My Bibliography
|
||
</h3>
|
||
<form id="bibliography-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="bibliography-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
|
||
data-add-to-bibliography-max-amount="100"
|
||
data-add-to-bibliography-batch-size="10"
|
||
data-bibliography-delegates-url="/list-bibliography-delegates/"
|
||
data-add-to-bibliography-url="/add-to-bibliography/"
|
||
data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/"
|
||
data-mybib-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/mybibliography/">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="lUQU0Th137cpUp0qL3gFqoWMNYMrBUnMCHAZDJKnDIZTOQ6gomTHUwsql2uDuvV6">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap bibliographies-controls">
|
||
<div class="choice-group">
|
||
<ul class="bibliographies-action-add radio-group-items">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input name="bibliography" id="my-bibliography" class="my-bibliography" type="radio" checked/>
|
||
<label for="my-bibliography">My Bibliography</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="bibliographies-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Unable to load your delegates due to an error<br>
|
||
<a href="#">Please try again</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Adding..."
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Add
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Add to bibliography' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_bibliography_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="bibliography-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="mybib"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="saved-search-action-panel" class="saved-search-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true"
|
||
data-saved-search-open-panel-enabled="false"
|
||
data-saved-search-open-panel-url-hash="#open-saved-search-panel">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Your saved search
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
<form id="saved-search-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="saved-search-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
data-create-saved-search-url="/create-saved-search/"
|
||
data-try-search-terms-url="/try-search-term/"
|
||
data-saved-search-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/searches/">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="lUQU0Th137cpUp0qL3gFqoWMNYMrBUnMCHAZDJKnDIZTOQ6gomTHUwsql2uDuvV6">
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-name" class="action-panel-label saved-search-name-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Name of saved search:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input maxlength="200"
|
||
type="text"
|
||
name="saved-search-name"
|
||
id="saved-search-name"
|
||
class="saved-search-name"
|
||
value=""
|
||
required
|
||
pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/">
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-term" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Search terms:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<textarea name="saved-search-term" id="saved-search-term" class="saved-search-term" required></textarea>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="test-search-term-wrap">
|
||
<a href="#" class="try-search-term">Test search terms</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="choice-group action-panel-extra-margin-top">
|
||
<span class="action-panel-label" id="fieldset-label">
|
||
Would you like email updates of new search results?
|
||
</span>
|
||
<fieldset id="saved-search-alert" aria-describedby="fieldset-label">
|
||
<legend class="usa-sr-only">Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons</legend>
|
||
<ul class="radio-group-items">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-yes" class="saved-search-alert-yes" name="saved-search-alert" value="yes" checked>
|
||
<label for="saved-search-alert-yes" class="action-panel-label">Yes</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input aria-label="No radio input" type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-no" class="saved-search-alert-no" name="saved-search-alert" value="no">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-alert-no" class="action-panel-label">No</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</fieldset>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="alert-schedule-wrap">
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Email:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<span aria-label="Email address" id="saved-search-email" class="action-panel-label"><span class="action-panel-label-bold"></span> (<a class="myncbi-account-settings" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/">change</a>)</span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-frequency" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Frequency:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-frequency" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-frequency">
|
||
<option value="monthly">Monthly</option>
|
||
<option value="weekly">Weekly</option>
|
||
<option value="daily">Daily</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-monthly-additional">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Which day?
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector">
|
||
<option value="Sunday">The first Sunday</option>
|
||
<option value="Monday">The first Monday</option>
|
||
<option value="Tuesday">The first Tuesday</option>
|
||
<option value="Wednesday">The first Wednesday</option>
|
||
<option value="Thursday">The first Thursday</option>
|
||
<option value="Friday">The first Friday</option>
|
||
<option value="Saturday">The first Saturday</option>
|
||
<option value="day">The first day</option>
|
||
<option value="weekday">The first weekday</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-weekly-additional">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Which day?
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-weekly-on-day">
|
||
<option value="Sunday">Sunday</option>
|
||
<option value="Monday">Monday</option>
|
||
<option value="Tuesday">Tuesday</option>
|
||
<option value="Wednesday">Wednesday</option>
|
||
<option value="Thursday">Thursday</option>
|
||
<option value="Friday">Friday</option>
|
||
<option value="Saturday">Saturday</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-report" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Report format:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-report" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-report">
|
||
<option value="DocSum">Summary</option>
|
||
<option value="DocSumText">Summary (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="Abstract">Abstract</option>
|
||
<option value="AbstractText">Abstract (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="MEDLINE">PubMed</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-amount" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Send at most:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-amount" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-amount">
|
||
<option value="1">1 item</option>
|
||
<option value="5" selected>5 items</option>
|
||
<option value="10">10 items</option>
|
||
<option value="20">20 items</option>
|
||
<option value="50">50 items</option>
|
||
<option value="100">100 items</option>
|
||
<option value="200">200 items</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div>
|
||
<input type="checkbox" id="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="saved-search-send-if-no-result" name="saved-search-send-if-no-result">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="action-panel-label smaller-checkbox">
|
||
Send even when there aren't any new results
|
||
</label>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap option-text-in-email-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-email-text" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Optional text in email:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<textarea name="saved-search-email-text"
|
||
id="saved-search-email-text"
|
||
class="saved-search-email-text"></textarea>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Saving..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="alert"
|
||
data-ga-label="save">
|
||
Save
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Your saved search' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_saved_search_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="saved-search-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="alert"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="citation-manager-action-panel" class="citation-manager-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Create a file for external citation management software
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<form id="citation-manager-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
action="/results-export-ids/"
|
||
data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/"
|
||
data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/"
|
||
method="post"
|
||
data-by-search-method="post"
|
||
data-by-ids-method="post">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="lUQU0Th137cpUp0qL3gFqoWMNYMrBUnMCHAZDJKnDIZTOQ6gomTHUwsql2uDuvV6">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input name="results-format" type="hidden" value="pubmed"/>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Sending..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="citation_manager"
|
||
data-ga-label="save">
|
||
Create file
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Send citations to citation manager' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_citation_manager_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="citation-manager-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="citation_manager"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="rss-action-panel" class="rss-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Your RSS Feed
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
<form id="rss-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="rss-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
data-create-rss-feed-url="/create-rss-feed-url/"
|
||
data-search-form-term-value="">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="lUQU0Th137cpUp0qL3gFqoWMNYMrBUnMCHAZDJKnDIZTOQ6gomTHUwsql2uDuvV6">
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="rss-name" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Name of RSS Feed:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input maxlength="200"
|
||
placeholder="Name"
|
||
type="text"
|
||
name="rss-name"
|
||
id="rss-name"
|
||
class="rss-name"
|
||
value=''
|
||
required
|
||
pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/">
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="rss-limit-wrap">
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top">
|
||
<label for="rss-limit" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Number of items displayed:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="rss-limit" class="no-border-panel-selector rss-limit">
|
||
<option value="5">5</option>
|
||
<option value="10">10</option>
|
||
<option value="15" selected="selected">15</option>
|
||
<option value="20">20</option>
|
||
<option value="50">50</option>
|
||
<option value="100">100</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Creating..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="alert"
|
||
data-ga-label="save">
|
||
Create RSS
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Your RSS' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_rss_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="rss-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="alert"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap rss-link-copy-wrap">
|
||
<label for="rss-link" class="usa-sr-only">RSS Link</label>
|
||
<input placeholder="Your RSS Feed Link" type="text" name="rss-link" id="rss-link" class="rss-link" title="RSS Link">
|
||
<button
|
||
type="button"
|
||
disabled
|
||
class="rss-link-copy-button disabled"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="rss"
|
||
data-ga-label="copy">
|
||
Copy
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="article-page" id="article-page" data-article-pmid="33861456">
|
||
<aside class="page-sidebar">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
|
||
<div class="full-text-links">
|
||
<div class="full-view">
|
||
<h3 class="title">
|
||
Full text links
|
||
</h3>
|
||
<div class="full-text-links-list">
|
||
<a class="link-item
|
||
|
||
dialog-focus"
|
||
href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64872-5_25"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="noopener"
|
||
|
||
ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&is_pmc=False&PrId=3055&itool=Abstract-def&log$=linkouticon&uid=33861456&db=pubmed&nlmid=0121103"
|
||
title="See full text options at Springer"
|
||
|
||
data-ga-category="full_text"
|
||
data-ga-action="Springer"
|
||
data-ga-label="33861456"
|
||
><img src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/query/egifs/http:--production.springer.de-OnlineResources-Logos-springerlink.gif" alt="Springer full text link"><span class="text">
|
||
|
||
Springer
|
||
|
||
</span></a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="short-view">
|
||
<a href="#" class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger">
|
||
Full text links
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="actions-buttons sidebar"><h3 class="title">Actions</h3><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger"
|
||
aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="cite"
|
||
data-ga-label="open"
|
||
data-all-citations-url="/33861456/citations/"
|
||
data-citation-style="nlm"
|
||
data-pubmed-format-link="/33861456/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><link type="text/css" href="ncbi-overlay-block/src/overlay-block.css"><div class="collections-button-container" data-article-id="33861456" data-article-db="pubmed"><button class="collections-button collections-dialog-trigger"
|
||
aria-label="Save article in MyNCBI collections."
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_button"
|
||
data-collections-open-dialog-enabled="false"
|
||
data-collections-open-dialog-url="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F33861456%2F%23open-collections-dialog"
|
||
data-in-collections="false"><span class="button-label">Collections</span></button><div class="overlay" role="dialog"><div id="collections-action-dialog"
|
||
class="dialog collections-dialog"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"><div class="title">Add to Collections</div><div class="collections-action-panel action-panel"><form id="collections-action-dialog-form"
|
||
class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
|
||
data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/"
|
||
data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/"
|
||
data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/"
|
||
data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100"
|
||
data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/"><input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="lUQU0Th137cpUp0qL3gFqoWMNYMrBUnMCHAZDJKnDIZTOQ6gomTHUwsql2uDuvV6"><div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup"><ul class="radio-group-items"><li><input type="radio"
|
||
id="collections-action-dialog-new"
|
||
class="collections-new"
|
||
name="collections"
|
||
value="new"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_radio_new"><label for="collections-action-dialog-new">Create a new collection</label></li><li><input type="radio"
|
||
id="collections-action-dialog-existing"
|
||
class="collections-existing"
|
||
name="collections"
|
||
value="existing"
|
||
checked="true"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing"><label for="collections-action-dialog-existing">Add to an existing collection</label></li></ul></div><div class="controls-wrapper"><div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Name your collection:
|
||
</label><input
|
||
type="text"
|
||
name="add-to-new-collection"
|
||
id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new"
|
||
class="collections-action-add-to-new"
|
||
pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"
|
||
maxlength="100"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="create_collection"
|
||
data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"><div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Name must be less than 100 characters
|
||
</div></div><div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Choose a collection:
|
||
</label><select id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing"
|
||
class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="select_collection"
|
||
data-ga-label="($('.collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"></select><div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Unable to load your collection due to an error<br><a href="#">Please try again</a></div></div></div><div class="action-panel-actions"><button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Adding..."
|
||
data-pinger-ignore
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="add">
|
||
Add
|
||
</button><button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="collections-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button></div></form></div></div></div></div><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger"
|
||
title="Open dialog with more actions to take"
|
||
ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" data-format-key="format"
|
||
data-default-format-value="abstract"
|
||
data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"><button
|
||
class="trigger usa-button"
|
||
title="Change format"
|
||
data-ga-category="display_options"
|
||
data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"><span class="button-label">Display options</span></button><div class="dropdown" hidden><div class="title">
|
||
Display options
|
||
</div><div class="content"><div class="format-container"><span class="option-label">
|
||
Format
|
||
</span><select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="sidebar-actions-display-format"><option value="abstract">Abstract</option><option value="pubmed">PubMed</option><option value="pmid">PMID</option></select></div></div></div></div></div></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="social-sharing">
|
||
<h3 class="title">
|
||
Share
|
||
</h3>
|
||
<ul class="social-sharing-links usa-unstyled-list">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="http://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Ethnobotany%2C%20Phytochemistry%20and%20Pharmacological%20Features%20of%20Centella%20asiatica%3A%20A%20Comprehensive%20Review%20https%3A//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33861456/"
|
||
class="share-link share-link-twitter"
|
||
rel="noreferrer noopener"
|
||
target="Pubmed-Social-Media-Share-Popup"
|
||
title="Share article on Twitter"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="social"
|
||
data-ga-label="twitter"></a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Features of Centella asiatica: A Comprehensive Review
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11
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|
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Centella asiatica (CA) or Gotu cola is an herbal plant from the Apiaceae family with a long history of usage in different traditional medicines. It has long been used for the treatment of various ailments such as central nervous system (CNS), skin and gastrointestinal disorders especially in the Southeast Asia. This chapter focused on the phytochemical constituent and pharmacological activities of CA based on preclinical and clinical studies. Additionally, botanical description and distribution, traditional uses, interactions, and safety issues are reviewed. Electronic databases of Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched to obtain relevant studies on the pharmacological activities of CA. Approximately, 124 chemical compounds including triterpenoids, polyphenolic compounds, and essential oils have been isolated and identified from CA. Ethnomedicinal applications of CA mostly include treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, wounds, nervous system disorders, circulatory diseases, skin problems, respiratory ailments, diabetes and sleep disorders in various ethnobotanical practices. Pharmacological studies revealed a wide range of beneficial effects of CA on CNS, cardiovascular, lung, liver, kidney, gastrointestinal, skin, and endocrine system. Among them, neuroprotective activity, wound healing and treatment of venous insufficiency, as well as antidiabetic activity seem to be more frequently reported. At the moment, considering various health benefits of CA, it is marketed as an oral supplement as well as a topical ingredient in some cosmetic products. Additional preclinical studies and particularly randomized controlled trials are needed to clarify the therapeutic roles of CA.
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<strong class="sub-title">
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Keywords:
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Centella asiatica; Clinical studies; Ethnobotany; Herbal plant; Pharmacology; Phytochemistry.
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<span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Malík M, et al.</span>
|
||
<span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Plants (Basel). 2023 Mar 18;12(6):1364. doi: 10.3390/plants12061364.</span>
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<span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">Plants (Basel). 2023.</span>
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Giant <em>Centella asiatica</em>, a novel cultivar rich in madecassoside and asiaticoside, suppresses α‑melanocyte‑stimulating hormone‑induced melanogenesis through MC1R binding.
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<span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Seo J, Jeong C, Oh SM, Lee SY, Park HW, Seo DB, Yoo DS, Sim WJ, Lim TG, Park JHY, Lee CH, Lee KW.</span>
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<span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Seo J, et al.</span>
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<span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Int J Mol Med. 2025 Jan;55(1):13. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2024.5454. Epub 2024 Nov 8.</span>
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Atanasov AG, Waltenberger B, Pferschy-Wenzig E-M, Linder T, Wawrosch C, Uhrin P, Temml V, Wang L, Schwaiger S, Heiss EH (2015) Discovery and resupply of pharmacologically active plant-derived natural products: a review. Biotechnol Adv 33:1582–1614
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Azerad R (2016) Chemical structures, production and enzymatic transformations of sapogenins and saponins from Centella asiatica (L.) urban. Fitoterapia 114:168–187
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Cassileth BR, Lucarelli CD (2003) Herb-drug interactions in oncology. PMPH-USA
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Kartnig T (1988) Clinical applications of Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. Herbs, spices, and medicinal plants: recent advances in botany, horticulture, and pharmacology (USA)
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