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data-ga-category="featured_link"
|
||
data-ga-action="user_guide">
|
||
User Guide
|
||
</a>
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</form>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="article-page-header">
|
||
<div id="article-top-actions-bar" class="article-top-actions-bar">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<div class="actions-container">
|
||
<div class="return-to-search">
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="multiple-results-actions " role="region" aria-label="save, email, send to">
|
||
<button id="save-results-panel-trigger"
|
||
type="button"
|
||
class="save-results save-results-panel-trigger"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
aria-controls="save-action-panel"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="save"
|
||
data-ga-label="open">
|
||
Save
|
||
</button><button id="email-results-panel-trigger"
|
||
type="button"
|
||
class="email-results email-results-panel-trigger"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
aria-controls="email-action-panel"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="email"
|
||
data-ga-label="open">
|
||
Email
|
||
</button><div class="more-actions dropdown-block"><button id="more-actions-trigger"
|
||
type="button"
|
||
class="trigger more-actions-trigger"
|
||
ref="linksrc=show_moreactions_btn"
|
||
aria-label="Send to"
|
||
aria-controls="more-actions-dropdown">Send to</button><div id="more-actions-dropdown" class="dropdown dropdown-container" hidden><div class="content"><ul class="more-actions-links"><li><a class="clipboard-panel-trigger dropdown-block-link "
|
||
href="#"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="clipboard"
|
||
data-ga-label="send">
|
||
Clipboard
|
||
</a></li><li><a role="button" class="dropdown-block-link bibliography-trigger-target" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F33692543%2F%23open-bibliography-panel">My Bibliography</a></li><li><a role="button" class="dropdown-block-link collections-trigger-target" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F33692543%2F%23open-collections-panel">Collections</a></li><li><a role="button" class="citation-manager-panel-trigger dropdown-block-link citation-manager-trigger-target" href="#">Citation manager</a></li></ul></div></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="display-options" data-format-key="format"
|
||
data-default-format-value="abstract"
|
||
data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region">
|
||
<button
|
||
class="trigger usa-button"
|
||
title="Change format"
|
||
data-ga-category="display_options"
|
||
data-ga-action="display_options_dialog">
|
||
<span class="button-label">Display options</span>
|
||
</button>
|
||
|
||
<div class="dropdown" hidden>
|
||
<div class="title">
|
||
Display options
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
|
||
<div class="format-container">
|
||
<span class="option-label">
|
||
Format
|
||
</span>
|
||
<select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="article-display-format">
|
||
<option value="abstract">Abstract</option>
|
||
|
||
<option value="pubmed">PubMed</option>
|
||
|
||
<option value="pmid">PMID</option>
|
||
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="mK0WJ4H9Oo8aFu4lb7Pce8rMWqfGHgQPDxK1mUavoZVEzVabOqseIgXquuXSARo9">
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="article-panels-container" class="article-panels-container">
|
||
<div id="save-action-panel" class="save-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Save citation to file
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<form id="save-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
action="/results-export-ids/"
|
||
data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/"
|
||
data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/"
|
||
method="post"
|
||
data-by-search-method="post"
|
||
data-by-ids-method="post">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="mK0WJ4H9Oo8aFu4lb7Pce8rMWqfGHgQPDxK1mUavoZVEzVabOqseIgXquuXSARo9">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="save-action-format" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Format:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="save-action-format" name="results-format" class="action-panel-selector">
|
||
<option value="summary-text">Summary (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="pubmed-text">PubMed</option>
|
||
<option value="pmid">PMID</option>
|
||
<option value="abstract">Abstract (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="csv">CSV</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Saving..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="save"
|
||
data-ga-label="save">
|
||
Create file
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Save citations to file' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_save_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="save-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="save"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="email-action-panel"
|
||
class="email-action-panel action-panel"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"
|
||
data-recaptcha-script-url="https://www.recaptcha.net/recaptcha/enterprise.js?render=explicit&onload=onloadCaptchaCallback"
|
||
data-recaptcha-enabled="true">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Email citation
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<form id="email-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
action="/send-email/"
|
||
data-by-search-action="/results-export-email-by-search-data/"
|
||
data-by-ids-action="/send-email/"
|
||
data-by-search-method="post"
|
||
data-by-ids-method="post"
|
||
method="post"
|
||
>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="mK0WJ4H9Oo8aFu4lb7Pce8rMWqfGHgQPDxK1mUavoZVEzVabOqseIgXquuXSARo9">
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<span class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Subject:
|
||
</span>
|
||
<span class="email-subject" id="email-subject" aria-label="Email subject">1 selected item: 33692543 - PubMed</span>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="email-subject" value="1 selected item: 33692543"/>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="email-subject-hash" value="991426682479ce97ea2cd2bf2c516a59f8378e21c4e021f66fef6de4d2d385bc"/>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="email-to" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
To:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input type="email" aria-label="Recipient Email Address" placeholder="email@example.com" id="email-to" class="email-to" pattern="^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$" maxlength="100" required>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="email-from" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
From:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input type="email" aria-label="Sender Email Address" placeholder="email@example.com" id="email-from" class="email-from" pattern="^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$" maxlength="256">
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="email-citation-format" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Format:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="email-citation-format" name="citation-format" class="action-panel-selector email-citation-format">
|
||
<option selected="selected" value="summary">Summary</option>
|
||
<option value="summary-text">Summary (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="abstract">Abstract</option>
|
||
<option value="abstract-text">Abstract (text)</option>
|
||
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="include-supplemental-container">
|
||
<input type="checkbox" aria-label="Include MeSH and other data" name="include-supplemental" id="email-include-supplemental" class="email-include-supplemental">
|
||
<label for="email-include-supplemental" class="email-include-supplemental-label">MeSH and other data</label>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="form-field recaptcha ">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="g-recaptcha" id="id-recaptcha" data-sitekey="6LfsWHMdAAAAAClKbtOpjQ2pMjgsGxvv7NdZW9uI"></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="captcha-error-message" class="usa-input-error-message captcha-validation-message" role="alert"></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Sending..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="email"
|
||
data-ga-label="send">
|
||
Send email
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Email citations' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_email_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="email-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="email"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="email-search-details" value="" />
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="email-search-details-hash" value="0e42663a6c3bd85498fcb88798998fed7bfdc45d457db35281e41afe13cc0524" />
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="collections-action-panel"
|
||
class="collections-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"
|
||
data-collections-open-panel-enabled="false"
|
||
data-collections-open-panel-url-hash="#open-collections-panel">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h3 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Add to Collections
|
||
</h3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<form id="collections-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
|
||
data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/"
|
||
data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/"
|
||
data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/"
|
||
data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/"
|
||
data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100"
|
||
data-add-to-collection-max-amount="1000"
|
||
data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="mK0WJ4H9Oo8aFu4lb7Pce8rMWqfGHgQPDxK1mUavoZVEzVabOqseIgXquuXSARo9">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup">
|
||
<ul class="radio-group-items">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input type="radio"
|
||
id="collections-action-panel-new"
|
||
class="collections-new"
|
||
name="collections"
|
||
value="new"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="collections"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_radio_new">
|
||
<label for="collections-action-panel-new">Create a new collection</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input type="radio"
|
||
id="collections-action-panel-existing"
|
||
class="collections-existing"
|
||
name="collections"
|
||
value="existing"
|
||
checked="true"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="collections"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing">
|
||
<label for="collections-action-panel-existing">Add to an existing collection</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="controls-wrapper">
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls">
|
||
<label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Name your collection:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input
|
||
type="text"
|
||
name="add-to-new-collection"
|
||
id="collections-action-panel-add-to-new"
|
||
class="collections-action-add-to-new"
|
||
pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"
|
||
maxlength="100"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="create_collection"
|
||
data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection">
|
||
<div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Name must be less than 100 characters
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls">
|
||
<label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Choose a collection:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing"
|
||
class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="select_collection"
|
||
data-ga-label="($('#collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'">
|
||
</select>
|
||
<div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Unable to load your collection due to an error<br>
|
||
<a href="#">Please try again</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Adding..."
|
||
data-pinger-ignore
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="collections"
|
||
data-ga-label="add">
|
||
Add
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="collections-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="collections"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="bibliography-action-panel"
|
||
class="bibliography-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"
|
||
data-bibliography-open-panel-enabled="false"
|
||
data-bibliography-open-panel-url-hash="#open-bibliography-panel">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h3 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Add to My Bibliography
|
||
</h3>
|
||
<form id="bibliography-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="bibliography-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
|
||
data-add-to-bibliography-max-amount="100"
|
||
data-add-to-bibliography-batch-size="10"
|
||
data-bibliography-delegates-url="/list-bibliography-delegates/"
|
||
data-add-to-bibliography-url="/add-to-bibliography/"
|
||
data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/"
|
||
data-mybib-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/mybibliography/">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="mK0WJ4H9Oo8aFu4lb7Pce8rMWqfGHgQPDxK1mUavoZVEzVabOqseIgXquuXSARo9">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap bibliographies-controls">
|
||
<div class="choice-group">
|
||
<ul class="bibliographies-action-add radio-group-items">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input name="bibliography" id="my-bibliography" class="my-bibliography" type="radio" checked/>
|
||
<label for="my-bibliography">My Bibliography</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="bibliographies-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Unable to load your delegates due to an error<br>
|
||
<a href="#">Please try again</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Adding..."
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Add
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Add to bibliography' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_bibliography_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="bibliography-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="mybib"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="saved-search-action-panel" class="saved-search-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true"
|
||
data-saved-search-open-panel-enabled="false"
|
||
data-saved-search-open-panel-url-hash="#open-saved-search-panel">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Your saved search
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
<form id="saved-search-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="saved-search-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
data-create-saved-search-url="/create-saved-search/"
|
||
data-try-search-terms-url="/try-search-term/"
|
||
data-saved-search-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/searches/">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="mK0WJ4H9Oo8aFu4lb7Pce8rMWqfGHgQPDxK1mUavoZVEzVabOqseIgXquuXSARo9">
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-name" class="action-panel-label saved-search-name-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Name of saved search:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input maxlength="200"
|
||
type="text"
|
||
name="saved-search-name"
|
||
id="saved-search-name"
|
||
class="saved-search-name"
|
||
value=""
|
||
required
|
||
pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/">
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-term" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Search terms:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<textarea name="saved-search-term" id="saved-search-term" class="saved-search-term" required></textarea>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="test-search-term-wrap">
|
||
<a href="#" class="try-search-term">Test search terms</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="choice-group action-panel-extra-margin-top">
|
||
<span class="action-panel-label" id="fieldset-label">
|
||
Would you like email updates of new search results?
|
||
</span>
|
||
<fieldset id="saved-search-alert" aria-describedby="fieldset-label">
|
||
<legend class="usa-sr-only">Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons</legend>
|
||
<ul class="radio-group-items">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-yes" class="saved-search-alert-yes" name="saved-search-alert" value="yes" checked>
|
||
<label for="saved-search-alert-yes" class="action-panel-label">Yes</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input aria-label="No radio input" type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-no" class="saved-search-alert-no" name="saved-search-alert" value="no">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-alert-no" class="action-panel-label">No</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</fieldset>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="alert-schedule-wrap">
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Email:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<span aria-label="Email address" id="saved-search-email" class="action-panel-label"><span class="action-panel-label-bold"></span> (<a class="myncbi-account-settings" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/">change</a>)</span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-frequency" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Frequency:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-frequency" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-frequency">
|
||
<option value="monthly">Monthly</option>
|
||
<option value="weekly">Weekly</option>
|
||
<option value="daily">Daily</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-monthly-additional">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Which day?
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector">
|
||
<option value="Sunday">The first Sunday</option>
|
||
<option value="Monday">The first Monday</option>
|
||
<option value="Tuesday">The first Tuesday</option>
|
||
<option value="Wednesday">The first Wednesday</option>
|
||
<option value="Thursday">The first Thursday</option>
|
||
<option value="Friday">The first Friday</option>
|
||
<option value="Saturday">The first Saturday</option>
|
||
<option value="day">The first day</option>
|
||
<option value="weekday">The first weekday</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-weekly-additional">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Which day?
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-weekly-on-day">
|
||
<option value="Sunday">Sunday</option>
|
||
<option value="Monday">Monday</option>
|
||
<option value="Tuesday">Tuesday</option>
|
||
<option value="Wednesday">Wednesday</option>
|
||
<option value="Thursday">Thursday</option>
|
||
<option value="Friday">Friday</option>
|
||
<option value="Saturday">Saturday</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-report" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Report format:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-report" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-report">
|
||
<option value="DocSum">Summary</option>
|
||
<option value="DocSumText">Summary (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="Abstract">Abstract</option>
|
||
<option value="AbstractText">Abstract (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="MEDLINE">PubMed</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-amount" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Send at most:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-amount" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-amount">
|
||
<option value="1">1 item</option>
|
||
<option value="5" selected>5 items</option>
|
||
<option value="10">10 items</option>
|
||
<option value="20">20 items</option>
|
||
<option value="50">50 items</option>
|
||
<option value="100">100 items</option>
|
||
<option value="200">200 items</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div>
|
||
<input type="checkbox" id="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="saved-search-send-if-no-result" name="saved-search-send-if-no-result">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="action-panel-label smaller-checkbox">
|
||
Send even when there aren't any new results
|
||
</label>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap option-text-in-email-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-email-text" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Optional text in email:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<textarea name="saved-search-email-text"
|
||
id="saved-search-email-text"
|
||
class="saved-search-email-text"></textarea>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Saving..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="alert"
|
||
data-ga-label="save">
|
||
Save
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Your saved search' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_saved_search_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="saved-search-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="alert"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="citation-manager-action-panel" class="citation-manager-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Create a file for external citation management software
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<form id="citation-manager-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
action="/results-export-ids/"
|
||
data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/"
|
||
data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/"
|
||
method="post"
|
||
data-by-search-method="post"
|
||
data-by-ids-method="post">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="mK0WJ4H9Oo8aFu4lb7Pce8rMWqfGHgQPDxK1mUavoZVEzVabOqseIgXquuXSARo9">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input name="results-format" type="hidden" value="pubmed"/>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Sending..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="citation_manager"
|
||
data-ga-label="save">
|
||
Create file
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Send citations to citation manager' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_citation_manager_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="citation-manager-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="citation_manager"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="rss-action-panel" class="rss-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Your RSS Feed
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
<form id="rss-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="rss-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
data-create-rss-feed-url="/create-rss-feed-url/"
|
||
data-search-form-term-value="">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="mK0WJ4H9Oo8aFu4lb7Pce8rMWqfGHgQPDxK1mUavoZVEzVabOqseIgXquuXSARo9">
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="rss-name" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Name of RSS Feed:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input maxlength="200"
|
||
placeholder="Name"
|
||
type="text"
|
||
name="rss-name"
|
||
id="rss-name"
|
||
class="rss-name"
|
||
value=''
|
||
required
|
||
pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/">
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="rss-limit-wrap">
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top">
|
||
<label for="rss-limit" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Number of items displayed:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="rss-limit" class="no-border-panel-selector rss-limit">
|
||
<option value="5">5</option>
|
||
<option value="10">10</option>
|
||
<option value="15" selected="selected">15</option>
|
||
<option value="20">20</option>
|
||
<option value="50">50</option>
|
||
<option value="100">100</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Creating..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="alert"
|
||
data-ga-label="save">
|
||
Create RSS
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Your RSS' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_rss_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="rss-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="alert"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap rss-link-copy-wrap">
|
||
<label for="rss-link" class="usa-sr-only">RSS Link</label>
|
||
<input placeholder="Your RSS Feed Link" type="text" name="rss-link" id="rss-link" class="rss-link" title="RSS Link">
|
||
<button
|
||
type="button"
|
||
disabled
|
||
class="rss-link-copy-button disabled"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="rss"
|
||
data-ga-label="copy">
|
||
Copy
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="article-page" id="article-page" data-article-pmid="33692543">
|
||
<aside class="page-sidebar">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
|
||
<div class="full-text-links">
|
||
<div class="full-view">
|
||
<h3 class="title">
|
||
Full text links
|
||
</h3>
|
||
<div class="full-text-links-list">
|
||
<a class="link-item
|
||
|
||
dialog-focus"
|
||
href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03345-1"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="noopener"
|
||
|
||
ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&is_pmc=False&PrId=3094&itool=Abstract-def&log$=linkouticon&uid=33692543&db=pubmed&nlmid=0410462"
|
||
title="See full text options at Nature Publishing Group"
|
||
|
||
data-ga-category="full_text"
|
||
data-ga-action="Nature Publishing Group"
|
||
data-ga-label="33692543"
|
||
><img src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/query/egifs/https:--www.nature.com-static-images-logos-nature-portfolio-120.png" alt="Nature Publishing Group full text link"><span class="text">
|
||
|
||
Nature Publishing Group
|
||
|
||
</span></a><a class="link-item
|
||
pmc
|
||
"
|
||
href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/33692543/"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="noopener"
|
||
|
||
ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&is_pmc=True&PrId=3494&itool=Abstract-def&log$=linkouticon&uid=33692543&db=pubmed&nlmid=0410462"
|
||
title="Free full text at PubMed Central"
|
||
|
||
data-ga-category="full_text"
|
||
data-ga-action="PMC"
|
||
data-ga-label="33692543"
|
||
><span class="text">
|
||
|
||
Free PMC article
|
||
|
||
</span></a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="short-view">
|
||
<a href="#" class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger">
|
||
Full text links
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="actions-buttons sidebar"><h3 class="title">Actions</h3><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger"
|
||
aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="cite"
|
||
data-ga-label="open"
|
||
data-all-citations-url="/33692543/citations/"
|
||
data-citation-style="nlm"
|
||
data-pubmed-format-link="/33692543/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><link type="text/css" href="ncbi-overlay-block/src/overlay-block.css"><div class="collections-button-container" data-article-id="33692543" data-article-db="pubmed"><button class="collections-button collections-dialog-trigger"
|
||
aria-label="Save article in MyNCBI collections."
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_button"
|
||
data-collections-open-dialog-enabled="false"
|
||
data-collections-open-dialog-url="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F33692543%2F%23open-collections-dialog"
|
||
data-in-collections="false"><span class="button-label">Collections</span></button><div class="overlay" role="dialog"><div id="collections-action-dialog"
|
||
class="dialog collections-dialog"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"><div class="title">Add to Collections</div><div class="collections-action-panel action-panel"><form id="collections-action-dialog-form"
|
||
class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
|
||
data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/"
|
||
data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/"
|
||
data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/"
|
||
data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100"
|
||
data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/"><input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="mK0WJ4H9Oo8aFu4lb7Pce8rMWqfGHgQPDxK1mUavoZVEzVabOqseIgXquuXSARo9"><div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup"><ul class="radio-group-items"><li><input type="radio"
|
||
id="collections-action-dialog-new"
|
||
class="collections-new"
|
||
name="collections"
|
||
value="new"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_radio_new"><label for="collections-action-dialog-new">Create a new collection</label></li><li><input type="radio"
|
||
id="collections-action-dialog-existing"
|
||
class="collections-existing"
|
||
name="collections"
|
||
value="existing"
|
||
checked="true"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing"><label for="collections-action-dialog-existing">Add to an existing collection</label></li></ul></div><div class="controls-wrapper"><div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Name your collection:
|
||
</label><input
|
||
type="text"
|
||
name="add-to-new-collection"
|
||
id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new"
|
||
class="collections-action-add-to-new"
|
||
pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"
|
||
maxlength="100"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="create_collection"
|
||
data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"><div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Name must be less than 100 characters
|
||
</div></div><div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Choose a collection:
|
||
</label><select id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing"
|
||
class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="select_collection"
|
||
data-ga-label="($('.collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"></select><div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Unable to load your collection due to an error<br><a href="#">Please try again</a></div></div></div><div class="action-panel-actions"><button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Adding..."
|
||
data-pinger-ignore
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="add">
|
||
Add
|
||
</button><button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="collections-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button></div></form></div></div></div></div><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger"
|
||
title="Open dialog with more actions to take"
|
||
ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" data-format-key="format"
|
||
data-default-format-value="abstract"
|
||
data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"><button
|
||
class="trigger usa-button"
|
||
title="Change format"
|
||
data-ga-category="display_options"
|
||
data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"><span class="button-label">Display options</span></button><div class="dropdown" hidden><div class="title">
|
||
Display options
|
||
</div><div class="content"><div class="format-container"><span class="option-label">
|
||
Format
|
||
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Inherent mosaicism and extensive mutation of human placentas
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</a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. dscj1@cam.ac.uk." href="#full-view-affiliation-9" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
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11
|
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</a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. gcss2@cam.ac.uk." href="#full-view-affiliation-12" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
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15
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Inherent mosaicism and extensive mutation of human placentas
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<span class="authors-list-item "><span class="full-name">Tim H H Coorens</span><span class="citation-separator"> et al.</span></span>
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data-ga-label="Rashesh Sanghvi">Rashesh Sanghvi</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
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3
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1
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</a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK." href="#short-view-affiliation-4" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
|
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</a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK." href="#short-view-affiliation-5" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
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5
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</a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
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|
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1
|
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</a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
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1
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</a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK." href="#short-view-affiliation-7" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
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1
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data-ga-label="D Stephen Charnock-Jones">D Stephen Charnock-Jones</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK. dscj1@cam.ac.uk." href="#short-view-affiliation-8" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
|
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8
|
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</a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. dscj1@cam.ac.uk." href="#short-view-affiliation-9" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
|
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9
|
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|
||
10
|
||
</a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK. gcss2@cam.ac.uk." href="#short-view-affiliation-11" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
|
||
11
|
||
</a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. gcss2@cam.ac.uk." href="#short-view-affiliation-12" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
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12
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data-ga-label="Sam Behjati">Sam Behjati</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK. sb31@sanger.ac.uk." href="#short-view-affiliation-13" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
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</a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK. sb31@sanger.ac.uk." href="#short-view-affiliation-14" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
|
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14
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||
</a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. sb31@sanger.ac.uk." href="#short-view-affiliation-15" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
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</a></sup></span>
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Affiliations
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<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-1"
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><sup class="key">1</sup> Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.</li>
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<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-2"
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><sup class="key">2</sup> Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.</li>
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<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-3"
|
||
id="short-view-affiliation-3"
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><sup class="key">3</sup> Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK.</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-4"
|
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><sup class="key">4</sup> Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.</li>
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<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-5"
|
||
id="short-view-affiliation-5"
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><sup class="key">5</sup> Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.</li>
|
||
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<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-6"
|
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><sup class="key">6</sup> Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK.</li>
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<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-7"
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id="short-view-affiliation-7"
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><sup class="key">7</sup> UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.</li>
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<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-8"
|
||
id="short-view-affiliation-8"
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|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-9"
|
||
id="short-view-affiliation-9"
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><sup class="key">9</sup> Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. dscj1@cam.ac.uk.</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-10"
|
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id="short-view-affiliation-10"
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><sup class="key">10</sup> Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK. gcss2@cam.ac.uk.</li>
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<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-11"
|
||
id="short-view-affiliation-11"
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><sup class="key">11</sup> Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK. gcss2@cam.ac.uk.</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-12"
|
||
id="short-view-affiliation-12"
|
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><sup class="key">12</sup> Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. gcss2@cam.ac.uk.</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-13"
|
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id="short-view-affiliation-13"
|
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><sup class="key">13</sup> Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK. sb31@sanger.ac.uk.</li>
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||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-14"
|
||
id="short-view-affiliation-14"
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><sup class="key">14</sup> Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK. sb31@sanger.ac.uk.</li>
|
||
|
||
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-15"
|
||
id="short-view-affiliation-15"
|
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><sup class="key">15</sup> Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. sb31@sanger.ac.uk.</li>
|
||
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</ul>
|
||
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<div class="equal-contrib-block">
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<div class="equal-contrib-explanation" id="short-view-equal-contrib-explanation"><sup class="key">#</sup> Contributed equally.</div>
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Erratum in
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Author Correction: Inherent mosaicism and extensive mutation of human placentas.
|
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</a>
|
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<div class="docsum-citation full-citation">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Coorens THH, Oliver TRW, Sanghvi R, Sovio U, Cook E, Vento-Tormo R, Haniffa M, Young MD, Rahbari R, Sebire N, Campbell PJ, Charnock-Jones DS, Smith GCS, Behjati S.</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Coorens THH, et al.</span>
|
||
<span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Nature. 2022 Mar;603(7901):E17. doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-04347-9.</span>
|
||
<span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">Nature. 2022.</span>
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||
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<span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">35228729</span></span>
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<p>
|
||
|
||
Placentas can exhibit chromosomal aberrations that are absent from the fetus<sup>1</sup>. The basis of this genetic segregation, which is known as confined placental mosaicism, remains unknown. Here we investigated the phylogeny of human placental cells as reconstructed from somatic mutations, using whole-genome sequencing of 86 bulk placental samples (with a median weight of 28 mg) and of 106 microdissections of placental tissue. We found that every bulk placental sample represents a clonal expansion that is genetically distinct, and exhibits a genomic landscape akin to that of childhood cancer in terms of mutation burden and mutational imprints. To our knowledge, unlike any other healthy human tissue studied so far, the placental genomes often contained changes in copy number. We reconstructed phylogenetic relationships between tissues from the same pregnancy, which revealed that developmental bottlenecks genetically isolate placental tissues by separating trophectodermal lineages from lineages derived from the inner cell mass. Notably, there were some cases with full segregation-within a few cell divisions of the zygote-of placental lineages and lineages derived from the inner cell mass. Such early embryonic bottlenecks may enable the normalization of zygotic aneuploidy. We observed direct evidence for this in a case of mosaic trisomic rescue. Our findings reveal extensive mutagenesis in placental tissues and suggest that mosaicism is a typical feature of placental development.
|
||
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p class="disclaimer" id="disclaimer">
|
||
<a href="/disclaimer/" target="_blank" data-ga-category="literature_resources"
|
||
data-ga-action="disclaimer_link" data-ga-label="under_abstract">PubMed Disclaimer</a>
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
<div class="conflict-of-interest" id="conflict-of-interest">
|
||
<h2 class="title">
|
||
Conflict of interest statement
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
<div class="statement">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:p1="http://pubmed.gov/pub-one"> <bold>Competing Interests</bold> </p>
|
||
|
||
<p xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:p1="http://pubmed.gov/pub-one">No competing interests are declared by the authors of this study.</p>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figures" id="figures">
|
||
<h2 class="title">
|
||
Figures
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
<div class="figures-list" id="slides-container"
|
||
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageGallery">
|
||
|
||
<figure class="figure-item "
|
||
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
|
||
itemprop="associatedMedia"
|
||
data-slide-index="0"
|
||
data-label-slug="extended-data-figure-1">
|
||
<a class="figure-link"
|
||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f647/7611644/597c8d438e9d/EMS132530-f005.jpg"
|
||
itemprop="contentUrl"
|
||
aria-describedby="figure-caption-0"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-image-width="800"
|
||
data-image-height="452"
|
||
data-image-alt="Extended Data Figure 1"
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC7611644"
|
||
data-figure-id="F5">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-0"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f647/7611644/07359069745d/EMS132530-f005.gif"
|
||
alt="Extended Data Figure 1" />
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="800">
|
||
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="452">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
<div class="caption-wrap">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Extended Data Figure 1. Differences in substitutions… </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Extended Data Figure 1. Differences in substitutions between clinical groups </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Analysis per clinical group of… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-0" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
Extended Data Figure 1. Differences in substitutions between clinical groups
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Analysis per clinical group of the absolute substitution burden of each bulk placental sample (<b>a</b>) and their associated mutational signatures (<b>b</b>). The difference in substitution burden between the clinical groups is not significant (Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test, p=0.7438). Each point and bar represent a single bulk placental sample. Clinical groups are defined in Extended Data Tables 2-3.</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="figure-item "
|
||
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
|
||
itemprop="associatedMedia"
|
||
data-slide-index="1"
|
||
data-label-slug="extended-data-figure-2">
|
||
<a class="figure-link"
|
||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f647/7611644/81013d9edc16/EMS132530-f006.jpg"
|
||
itemprop="contentUrl"
|
||
aria-describedby="figure-caption-1"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-image-width="800"
|
||
data-image-height="1329"
|
||
data-image-alt="Extended Data Figure 2"
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC7611644"
|
||
data-figure-id="F6">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-1"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f647/7611644/10e39a88a332/EMS132530-f006.gif"
|
||
alt="Extended Data Figure 2" />
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="800">
|
||
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="1329">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
<div class="caption-wrap">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Extended Data Figure 2. Unique variants in… </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Extended Data Figure 2. Unique variants in placental biopsies </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Proportion of variants that are unique… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-1" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
Extended Data Figure 2. Unique variants in placental biopsies
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Proportion of variants that are unique to each bulk placental sample (blue), so absent from matched umbilical cord as well as any other bulk placental sample taken from the same case.</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="figure-item "
|
||
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
|
||
itemprop="associatedMedia"
|
||
data-slide-index="2"
|
||
data-label-slug="extended-data-figure-3">
|
||
<a class="figure-link"
|
||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f647/7611644/662e70e3fd8a/EMS132530-f007.jpg"
|
||
itemprop="contentUrl"
|
||
aria-describedby="figure-caption-2"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-image-width="800"
|
||
data-image-height="1005"
|
||
data-image-alt="Extended Data Figure 3"
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC7611644"
|
||
data-figure-id="F7">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-2"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f647/7611644/bca799e24cb3/EMS132530-f007.gif"
|
||
alt="Extended Data Figure 3" />
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="800">
|
||
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="1005">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
<div class="caption-wrap">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Extended Data Figure 3. Asymmetry across trophectoderm… </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Extended Data Figure 3. Asymmetry across trophectoderm and umbilical cord </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Heatmaps of VAFs of early… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-2" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
Extended Data Figure 3. Asymmetry across trophectoderm and umbilical cord
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Heatmaps of VAFs of early embryonic mutations with the two earliest lineages contributing both to placenta and umbilical cord. Putative earliest mutations highlighted in red. P, placenta; UC, umbilical cord; M, maternal.</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="figure-item "
|
||
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
|
||
itemprop="associatedMedia"
|
||
data-slide-index="3"
|
||
data-label-slug="extended-data-figure-4">
|
||
<a class="figure-link"
|
||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f647/7611644/e29f2913b08d/EMS132530-f008.jpg"
|
||
itemprop="contentUrl"
|
||
aria-describedby="figure-caption-3"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-image-width="800"
|
||
data-image-height="1115"
|
||
data-image-alt="Extended Data Figure 4"
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC7611644"
|
||
data-figure-id="F8">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-3"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f647/7611644/f861cf2139ad/EMS132530-f008.gif"
|
||
alt="Extended Data Figure 4" />
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="800">
|
||
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="1115">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
<div class="caption-wrap">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Extended Data Figure 4. Unexplained placental lineages </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Extended Data Figure 4. Unexplained placental lineages </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Heatmaps of VAFs of early embryonic mutations with… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-3" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
Extended Data Figure 4. Unexplained placental lineages
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Heatmaps of VAFs of early embryonic mutations with the two earliest lineages contributing umbilical cord. Putative earliest mutations highlighted in red. Asterisk indicates placental lineage is not fully explained by umbilical cord (see Methods). P, placenta; UC, umbilical cord; M, maternal.</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="figure-item "
|
||
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
|
||
itemprop="associatedMedia"
|
||
data-slide-index="4"
|
||
data-label-slug="extended-data-figure-5">
|
||
<a class="figure-link"
|
||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f647/7611644/243e4592ddc2/EMS132530-f009.jpg"
|
||
itemprop="contentUrl"
|
||
aria-describedby="figure-caption-4"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-image-width="800"
|
||
data-image-height="1018"
|
||
data-image-alt="Extended Data Figure 5"
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC7611644"
|
||
data-figure-id="F9">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-4"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f647/7611644/984a7d3ee754/EMS132530-f009.gif"
|
||
alt="Extended Data Figure 5" />
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="800">
|
||
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="1018">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
<div class="caption-wrap">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Extended Data Figure 5. Full segregation of… </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Extended Data Figure 5. Full segregation of placental and umbilical cord lineages </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Heatmaps of VAFs… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-4" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
Extended Data Figure 5. Full segregation of placental and umbilical cord lineages
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Heatmaps of VAFs of early embryonic mutations with the umbilical cord being derived from one clonal lineage. In all cases, one or more placental lineages do not share any genetic ancestry with umbilical cord and are largely unexplained, as indicated by an asterisk (see Methods). P, placenta; UC, umbilical cord; M, maternal.</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="figure-item "
|
||
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
|
||
itemprop="associatedMedia"
|
||
data-slide-index="5"
|
||
data-label-slug="extended-data-figure-6">
|
||
<a class="figure-link"
|
||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f647/7611644/cc4d92c343c2/EMS132530-f010.jpg"
|
||
itemprop="contentUrl"
|
||
aria-describedby="figure-caption-5"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-image-width="800"
|
||
data-image-height="793"
|
||
data-image-alt="Extended Data Figure 6"
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC7611644"
|
||
data-figure-id="F10">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-5"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f647/7611644/5d5cd9d5b035/EMS132530-f010.gif"
|
||
alt="Extended Data Figure 6" />
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="800">
|
||
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="793">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
<div class="caption-wrap">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Extended Data Figure 6. Substitution burden per… </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Extended Data Figure 6. Substitution burden per individual trophoblast cluster </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Adjusted for coverage and median… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-5" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
Extended Data Figure 6. Substitution burden per individual trophoblast cluster
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Adjusted for coverage and median variant allele frequency.</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="figure-item tail"
|
||
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
|
||
itemprop="associatedMedia"
|
||
data-slide-index="6"
|
||
data-label-slug="extended-data-figure-7">
|
||
<a class="figure-link"
|
||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f647/7611644/be297c2796f9/EMS132530-f011.jpg"
|
||
itemprop="contentUrl"
|
||
aria-describedby="figure-caption-6"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-image-width="800"
|
||
data-image-height="796"
|
||
data-image-alt="Extended Data Figure 7"
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC7611644"
|
||
data-figure-id="F11">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-6"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f647/7611644/0b8e962f433d/EMS132530-f011.gif"
|
||
alt="Extended Data Figure 7" />
|
||
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|
||
|
||
|
||
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|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Extended Data Figure 7. Indels versus substitutions </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
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||
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|
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|
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|
||
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|
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|
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||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Extended Data Figure 7. Indels versus substitutions </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Indel burden versus substitution burden per trophoblast cluster.… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-6" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
Extended Data Figure 7. Indels versus substitutions
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Indel burden versus substitution burden per trophoblast cluster. Both are corrected for median VAF and coverage.</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
|
||
|
||
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|
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<a class="figure-link"
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href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f647/7611644/a26a0cd876f8/EMS132530-f012.jpg"
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|
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|
||
data-figure-id="F12">
|
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<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
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id="article-image-7"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f647/7611644/c04517d2d9b0/EMS132530-f012.gif"
|
||
alt="Extended Data Figure 8" />
|
||
</a>
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Extended Data Figure 8. Impacts of mutations </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
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|
||
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||
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Extended Data Figure 8. Impacts of mutations </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Overview of functional consequences of unique SNVs (… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-7" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
Extended Data Figure 8. Impacts of mutations
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Overview of functional consequences of unique SNVs (<b>a</b>) and indels (<b>b</b>) seen in the placental biopsies and trophoblast clusters.</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="figure-item tail"
|
||
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
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data-slide-index="8"
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||
data-label-slug="extended-data-figure-9">
|
||
<a class="figure-link"
|
||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f647/7611644/ca932f669ca4/EMS132530-f013.jpg"
|
||
itemprop="contentUrl"
|
||
aria-describedby="figure-caption-8"
|
||
role="button"
|
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data-image-width="800"
|
||
data-image-height="386"
|
||
data-image-alt="Extended Data Figure 9"
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC7611644"
|
||
data-figure-id="F13">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-8"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f647/7611644/c4f152c1b63a/EMS132530-f013.gif"
|
||
alt="Extended Data Figure 9" />
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="800">
|
||
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="386">
|
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||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
<div class="caption-wrap">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Extended Data Figure 9. Sensitivity of variant… </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Extended Data Figure 9. Sensitivity of variant calling </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> ( <b> a </b> ) Histogram of the estimated… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-8" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
Extended Data Figure 9. Sensitivity of variant calling
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">(<b>a</b>) Histogram of the estimated sensitivity for SNV calling in microdissected trophoblast clusters and bulk placenta samples. (<b>b</b>) The observed sensitivity of germline variants across placental samples plotted against the coverage of the sample. The red dashed line indicates our predicted sensitivity, which we would have used as sensitivity correction.</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="figure-item tail"
|
||
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
|
||
itemprop="associatedMedia"
|
||
data-slide-index="9"
|
||
data-label-slug="extended-data-figure-10">
|
||
<a class="figure-link"
|
||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f647/7611644/e9a679eb65f2/EMS132530-f014.jpg"
|
||
itemprop="contentUrl"
|
||
aria-describedby="figure-caption-9"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-image-width="800"
|
||
data-image-height="956"
|
||
data-image-alt="Extended Data Figure 10"
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC7611644"
|
||
data-figure-id="F14">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-9"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f647/7611644/9f9dcbf6d470/EMS132530-f014.gif"
|
||
alt="Extended Data Figure 10" />
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="800">
|
||
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="956">
|
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|
||
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
<div class="caption-wrap">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Extended Data Figure 10. Signatures extraction and… </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Extended Data Figure 10. Signatures extraction and deconvolution </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Signature extraction by HDP yielded a noise… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-9" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
Extended Data Figure 10. Signatures extraction and deconvolution
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Signature extraction by HDP yielded a noise component (<b>a</b>) and one genuine mutational signature (<b>b</b>), which could be convoluted and reconstructed using three reference mutational signatures: SBS1, SBS5 and SBS18 (<b>c</b>).</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="figure-item tail"
|
||
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
|
||
itemprop="associatedMedia"
|
||
data-slide-index="10"
|
||
data-label-slug="figure-1">
|
||
<a class="figure-link"
|
||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f647/7611644/188072b630c6/EMS132530-f001.jpg"
|
||
itemprop="contentUrl"
|
||
aria-describedby="figure-caption-10"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-image-width="800"
|
||
data-image-height="552"
|
||
data-image-alt="Figure 1"
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC7611644"
|
||
data-figure-id="F1">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-10"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f647/7611644/85719c6a5c41/EMS132530-f001.gif"
|
||
alt="Figure 1" />
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="800">
|
||
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="552">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
<div class="caption-wrap">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Figure 1. The genomes of bulk placental… </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Figure 1. The genomes of bulk placental biopsies. </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> ( <b> a </b> ) Workflow detailing experimental design… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-10" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
Figure 1. The genomes of bulk placental biopsies.
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">(<b>a</b>) Workflow detailing experimental design with a photomicrograph demonstrating microdissection of placental tissue. (<b>b</b>) Substitution burden per bulk placental sample, adjusted for coverage and median VAF (Methods). An abnormal pregnancy is defined by the deviation of one or more clinically validated markers from their normal range over the course of pregnancy (Supplementary Tables 2-3). (<b>c</b>) Median VAF of substitutions in each bulk placental sample. (<b>d</b>) SBS signatures in placental biopsies. Each column represents one bulk sample. Colours represent signatures, as per legend. (<b>e</b>) Prevalence of SBS18 mutations in bulk placental biopsies in comparison to human intestinal tissue, the normal tissue with the highest prevalence of SBS18 reported to date. P-values refer to the two-sided Wilcoxon rank sum test.</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="figure-item tail"
|
||
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
|
||
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|
||
data-slide-index="11"
|
||
data-label-slug="figure-2">
|
||
<a class="figure-link"
|
||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f647/7611644/d00efbfb25ec/EMS132530-f002.jpg"
|
||
itemprop="contentUrl"
|
||
aria-describedby="figure-caption-11"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-image-width="800"
|
||
data-image-height="962"
|
||
data-image-alt="Figure 2"
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC7611644"
|
||
data-figure-id="F2">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-11"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f647/7611644/18b7fcd6cea9/EMS132530-f002.gif"
|
||
alt="Figure 2" />
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="800">
|
||
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|
||
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||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
<div class="caption-wrap">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Figure 2. Clonal architecture of microdissected trophoblast… </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Figure 2. Clonal architecture of microdissected trophoblast clusters and mesenchymal cores. </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> ( <b> a </b> ) Theoretical,… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-11" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
Figure 2. Clonal architecture of microdissected trophoblast clusters and mesenchymal cores.
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">(<b>a</b>) Theoretical, expected VAF distribution as per different clonal architecture, assuming 100% purity. (<b>b</b>) Comparison of the median substitution VAF between microdissected trophoblast (n=82) and mesenchymal cores (n=24). P-value refers to the two-sided Wilcoxon rank sum test. (<b>c, d</b>) Genetic proximity scores (Methods) were calculated as the fraction of shared mutations between two samples divided by their mean total mutation burden. For example, a mean score of 0.05 conveys little sharing (<b>c</b>), while 0.5 signifies a longer shared development (<b>d</b>). (<b>e</b>). Genetic proximities across trophoblast clusters, mesenchymal cores, colonic crypts (n=326) and endometrial glands (n=252) from single biopsies. Each dot represents the comparison of two of the same histological unit (e.g., two trophoblast clusters) from the same bulk sample. P-values refer to the two-sided Wilcoxon rank sum test.</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="figure-item tail"
|
||
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
|
||
itemprop="associatedMedia"
|
||
data-slide-index="12"
|
||
data-label-slug="figure-3">
|
||
<a class="figure-link"
|
||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f647/7611644/ae6ac49c48ac/EMS132530-f003.jpg"
|
||
itemprop="contentUrl"
|
||
aria-describedby="figure-caption-12"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-image-width="800"
|
||
data-image-height="375"
|
||
data-image-alt="Figure 3"
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC7611644"
|
||
data-figure-id="F3">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-12"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f647/7611644/65df936bbd96/EMS132530-f003.gif"
|
||
alt="Figure 3" />
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="800">
|
||
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="375">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
<div class="caption-wrap">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Figure 3. Early embryonic genetic bottlenecks and… </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Figure 3. Early embryonic genetic bottlenecks and their relationship to trisomic rescue. </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> ( <b> a </b> )… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-12" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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<strong class="figure-label">
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Figure 3. Early embryonic genetic bottlenecks and their relationship to trisomic rescue.
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<div class="figure-caption-contents">(<b>a</b>) Schematic depicting the detection of the earliest post-zygotic mutations and the estimation of contribution to samples from their VAFs. (<b>b</b>) Hypothetical lineage tree of early embryo showing how measurements of VAF relate to cell divisions. (<b>c</b>) The contribution of the major lineage to the umbilical cord as calculated from the embryonic mutation with the highest VAF. (<b>d</b>) Early trees of trophoblast clusters of PD45566 and PD45567, with the contribution of lineages to the umbilical cord coloured in blue in pie charts. The umbilical cord exhibits an asymmetric contribution of the daughter cells of the zygote. (<b>e</b>) Early cellular contribution in PD45557 shows separation of one placental lineage. (<b>f</b>) In PD42138 and PD42142 the placental and umbilical cord lineages do not share any early embryonic mutations. (<b>g</b>) B-allele frequency (BAF) of germline SNPs on chromosome 10 in PD45581, showing a trisomy in PD45581c (placenta), but a disomy in PD45581e (placenta) and PD45581f (umbilical cord). SNPs absent from mother are coloured in blue. (<b>h</b>) Overview of genomic events in PD45581 and parents leading to the observed mosaic trisomic rescue. The arrowheads highlight areas of two genotypes in PD45581c due to meiotic recombination in the mother.</div>
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<p> Figure 4. The genomes of microdissected trophoblast… </p>
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<p> Figure 4. The genomes of microdissected trophoblast clusters. </p>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> ( <b> a </b> ) Comparison of the coding… </p></div>
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Figure 4. The genomes of microdissected trophoblast clusters.
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<div class="figure-caption-contents">(<b>a</b>) Comparison of the coding substitutions per Mb per year between trophoblast microdissections and paediatric malignancies. Per year estimates are corrected for gestation. Abbreviations: Pilocytic astrocytoma (PA), acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), hypodiploid B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (B-ALL Hypo), supratentorial ependymoma (EPD ST), Ewing’s sarcoma (EWS), medulloblastoma group 4 (MB group 4), non-diploid B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (B-ALL other), infratentorial ependymoma (EPD IT), hepatoblastoma (HB), medulloblastoma SHH subgroup (MB SHH), Wilms tumour (WT), medulloblastoma WNT subgroup (MB WNT), T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL), retinoblastoma (RB), osteosarcoma (OS), medulloblastoma group 3 (MB group 3), high-grade glioma K27wt (HGG Other), adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), high-grade glioma K27M (HGG K27M), Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL), atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumour (ATRT), neuroblastoma (NB), embryonal tumours with multilayered rosettes (ETMR). (<b>b</b>) Single base substitution signatures in trophoblast clusters. Each column represents one piece of microdissected tissue. (<b>c</b>) Bar chart showing the median proportion of substitutions attributable to SBS18. Abbreviations as per (<b>a</b>). (<b>d</b>) Partial paternal uniparental disomy of 11p in two samples, represented by the BAF of SNPs across 11p. Grey denotes SNPs contributed by the father and black by the mother.</div>
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Brosens I, Pijnenborg R, Vercruysse L, Romero R. The “Great Obstetrical Syndromes” are associated with disorders of deep placentation. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2011;204:193–201. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2010.08.009.
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href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Biopsy"
|
||
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
|
||
data-ga-label="Biopsy">
|
||
Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-search-term=""Biopsy"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
||
data-ga-label=""Biopsy"[MeSH]"
|
||
href="#">
|
||
Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Blastocyst Inner Cell Mass / cytology"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-1"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Blastocyst Inner Cell Mass / cytology
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-1"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Blastocyst Inner Cell Mass / cytology"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Blastocyst+Inner+Cell+Mass%2Fcytology%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Blastocyst+Inner+Cell+Mass%2Fcytology%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Blastocyst Inner Cell Mass/cytology"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term"
|
||
data-ga-label="Blastocyst Inner Cell Mass / cytology">
|
||
Search in PubMed
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
||
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Blastocyst+Inner+Cell+Mass"
|
||
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
|
||
data-ga-label="Blastocyst Inner Cell Mass / cytology">
|
||
Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-search-term=""Blastocyst Inner Cell Mass/cytology"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
||
data-ga-label=""Blastocyst Inner Cell Mass/cytology"[MeSH]"
|
||
href="#">
|
||
Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Female"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-2"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Female
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-2"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Female"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Female%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Female%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Female"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term"
|
||
data-ga-label="Female">
|
||
Search in PubMed
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
||
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Female"
|
||
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
|
||
data-ga-label="Female">
|
||
Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-search-term=""Female"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
||
data-ga-label=""Female"[MeSH]"
|
||
href="#">
|
||
Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Genome, Human / genetics"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-3"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Genome, Human / genetics
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-3"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Genome, Human / genetics"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Genome%2C+Human%2Fgenetics%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Genome%2C+Human%2Fgenetics%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Genome, Human/genetics"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term"
|
||
data-ga-label="Genome, Human / genetics">
|
||
Search in PubMed
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
||
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Genome%2C+Human"
|
||
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
|
||
data-ga-label="Genome, Human / genetics">
|
||
Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-search-term=""Genome, Human/genetics"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
||
data-ga-label=""Genome, Human/genetics"[MeSH]"
|
||
href="#">
|
||
Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Humans"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-4"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Humans
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-4"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Humans"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Humans%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Humans%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Humans"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term"
|
||
data-ga-label="Humans">
|
||
Search in PubMed
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
||
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Humans"
|
||
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
|
||
data-ga-label="Humans">
|
||
Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-search-term=""Humans"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
||
data-ga-label=""Humans"[MeSH]"
|
||
href="#">
|
||
Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Mesoderm / cytology"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-5"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Mesoderm / cytology
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-5"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Mesoderm / cytology"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Mesoderm%2Fcytology%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Mesoderm%2Fcytology%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Mesoderm/cytology"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term"
|
||
data-ga-label="Mesoderm / cytology">
|
||
Search in PubMed
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
||
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Mesoderm"
|
||
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
|
||
data-ga-label="Mesoderm / cytology">
|
||
Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-search-term=""Mesoderm/cytology"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
||
data-ga-label=""Mesoderm/cytology"[MeSH]"
|
||
href="#">
|
||
Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Mosaicism*"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-6"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Mosaicism*
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-6"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Mosaicism*"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Mosaicism%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Mosaicism%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Mosaicism"[MAJR]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term"
|
||
data-ga-label="Mosaicism*">
|
||
Search in PubMed
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
||
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Mosaicism"
|
||
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
|
||
data-ga-label="Mosaicism*">
|
||
Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-search-term=""Mosaicism"[MAJR]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
||
data-ga-label=""Mosaicism"[MAJR]"
|
||
href="#">
|
||
Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Mutagenesis*"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-7"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Mutagenesis*
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-7"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Mutagenesis*"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Mutagenesis%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Mutagenesis%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Mutagenesis"[MAJR]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term"
|
||
data-ga-label="Mutagenesis*">
|
||
Search in PubMed
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
||
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Mutagenesis"
|
||
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
|
||
data-ga-label="Mutagenesis*">
|
||
Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-search-term=""Mutagenesis"[MAJR]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
||
data-ga-label=""Mutagenesis"[MAJR]"
|
||
href="#">
|
||
Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Mutation Rate"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-8"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Mutation Rate
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-8"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Mutation Rate"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Mutation+Rate%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Mutation+Rate%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Mutation Rate"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term"
|
||
data-ga-label="Mutation Rate">
|
||
Search in PubMed
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
||
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Mutation+Rate"
|
||
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
|
||
data-ga-label="Mutation Rate">
|
||
Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-search-term=""Mutation Rate"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
||
data-ga-label=""Mutation Rate"[MeSH]"
|
||
href="#">
|
||
Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Mutation*"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-9"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Mutation*
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-9"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Mutation*"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Mutation%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Mutation%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Mutation"[MAJR]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term"
|
||
data-ga-label="Mutation*">
|
||
Search in PubMed
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
||
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Mutation"
|
||
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
|
||
data-ga-label="Mutation*">
|
||
Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-search-term=""Mutation"[MAJR]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
||
data-ga-label=""Mutation"[MAJR]"
|
||
href="#">
|
||
Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Placenta / cytology"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-10"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Placenta / cytology
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-10"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Placenta / cytology"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Placenta%2Fcytology%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Placenta%2Fcytology%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Placenta/cytology"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term"
|
||
data-ga-label="Placenta / cytology">
|
||
Search in PubMed
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
||
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Placenta"
|
||
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
|
||
data-ga-label="Placenta / cytology">
|
||
Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-search-term=""Placenta/cytology"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
||
data-ga-label=""Placenta/cytology"[MeSH]"
|
||
href="#">
|
||
Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Placenta / metabolism*"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-11"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Placenta / metabolism*
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-11"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Placenta / metabolism*"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
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