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<meta name="description" content="Bacillus subtilis GLB191 (hereafter GLB191) is an efficient biological control agent against the biotrophic oomycete Plasmopara viticola, the causal agent of grapevine downy mildew. In this study, we show that GLB191 supernatant is also highly active against downy mildew and that the activity result …"><meta name="keywords" content="pmid:31104350, PMC6640177, doi:10.1111/mpp.12809, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Yan Li, Marie-Claire Héloir, Marielle Adrian, Bacillus subtilis / drug effects, Bacillus subtilis / physiology*, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / drug effects, Glucans / biosynthesis, Lipopeptides / pharmacology*, Peptides, Cyclic / pharmacology*, Peronospora / drug effects, Peronospora / physiology, Plant Diseases / microbiology*, Plant Leaves / drug effects, Plant Leaves / genetics, Vitis / drug effects, Vitis / genetics, Vitis / immunology*, Vitis / microbiology*, PubMed Abstract, NIH, NLM, NCBI, National Institutes of Health, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, MEDLINE"><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive"><meta property="og:title" content="Surfactin and fengycin contribute to the protection of a Bacillus subtilis strain against grape downy mildew by both direct effect and defence stimulation - PubMed"><meta property="og:url" content="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31104350/"><meta property="og:description" content="Bacillus subtilis GLB191 (hereafter GLB191) is an efficient biological control agent against the biotrophic oomycete Plasmopara viticola, the causal agent of grapevine downy mildew. In this study, we show that GLB191 supernatant is also highly active against downy mildew and that the activity result …"><meta property="og:image" content="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/persistent/pubmed-meta-image-v2.jpg"><meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/persistent/pubmed-meta-image-v2.jpg"><meta property="og:type" content="website"><meta property="og:site_name" content="PubMed"><meta name="twitter:domain" content="pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><meta name="twitter:title" content="Surfactin and fengycin contribute to the protection of a Bacillus subtilis strain against grape downy mildew by both direct effect and defence stimulation - PubMed"><meta name="twitter:url" content="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31104350/"><meta name="twitter:description" content="Bacillus subtilis GLB191 (hereafter GLB191) is an efficient biological control agent against the biotrophic oomycete Plasmopara viticola, the causal agent of grapevine downy mildew. In this study, we show that GLB191 supernatant is also highly active against downy mildew and that the activity result …"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/persistent/pubmed-meta-image-v2.jpg">
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|
||
Clipboard <span class="amount-in-clipboard"></span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<span class="search-input-link user-guide-link" role="navigation" aria-label="User guide">
|
||
<a href="/help/"
|
||
data-ga-category="featured_link"
|
||
data-ga-action="user_guide">
|
||
User Guide
|
||
</a>
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</form>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="article-page-header">
|
||
<div id="article-top-actions-bar" class="article-top-actions-bar">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<div class="actions-container">
|
||
<div class="return-to-search">
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="multiple-results-actions " role="region" aria-label="save, email, send to">
|
||
<button id="save-results-panel-trigger"
|
||
type="button"
|
||
class="save-results save-results-panel-trigger"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
aria-controls="save-action-panel"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="save"
|
||
data-ga-label="open">
|
||
Save
|
||
</button><button id="email-results-panel-trigger"
|
||
type="button"
|
||
class="email-results email-results-panel-trigger"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
aria-controls="email-action-panel"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="email"
|
||
data-ga-label="open">
|
||
Email
|
||
</button><div class="more-actions dropdown-block"><button id="more-actions-trigger"
|
||
type="button"
|
||
class="trigger more-actions-trigger"
|
||
ref="linksrc=show_moreactions_btn"
|
||
aria-label="Send to"
|
||
aria-controls="more-actions-dropdown">Send to</button><div id="more-actions-dropdown" class="dropdown dropdown-container" hidden><div class="content"><ul class="more-actions-links"><li><a class="clipboard-panel-trigger dropdown-block-link "
|
||
href="#"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="clipboard"
|
||
data-ga-label="send">
|
||
Clipboard
|
||
</a></li><li><a role="button" class="dropdown-block-link bibliography-trigger-target" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F31104350%2F%23open-bibliography-panel">My Bibliography</a></li><li><a role="button" class="dropdown-block-link collections-trigger-target" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F31104350%2F%23open-collections-panel">Collections</a></li><li><a role="button" class="citation-manager-panel-trigger dropdown-block-link citation-manager-trigger-target" href="#">Citation manager</a></li></ul></div></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="display-options" data-format-key="format"
|
||
data-default-format-value="abstract"
|
||
data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region">
|
||
<button
|
||
class="trigger usa-button"
|
||
title="Change format"
|
||
data-ga-category="display_options"
|
||
data-ga-action="display_options_dialog">
|
||
<span class="button-label">Display options</span>
|
||
</button>
|
||
|
||
<div class="dropdown" hidden>
|
||
<div class="title">
|
||
Display options
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
|
||
<div class="format-container">
|
||
<span class="option-label">
|
||
Format
|
||
</span>
|
||
<select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="article-display-format">
|
||
<option value="abstract">Abstract</option>
|
||
|
||
<option value="pubmed">PubMed</option>
|
||
|
||
<option value="pmid">PMID</option>
|
||
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="uxgc1b0PuYvrRWDvhT0CYIxFctwT1CPBLk0hE1tb4ziVLnJlUcDEsQ3jKxe5UdnV">
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="article-panels-container" class="article-panels-container">
|
||
<div id="save-action-panel" class="save-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Save citation to file
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<form id="save-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
action="/results-export-ids/"
|
||
data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/"
|
||
data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/"
|
||
method="post"
|
||
data-by-search-method="post"
|
||
data-by-ids-method="post">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="uxgc1b0PuYvrRWDvhT0CYIxFctwT1CPBLk0hE1tb4ziVLnJlUcDEsQ3jKxe5UdnV">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="save-action-format" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Format:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="save-action-format" name="results-format" class="action-panel-selector">
|
||
<option value="summary-text">Summary (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="pubmed-text">PubMed</option>
|
||
<option value="pmid">PMID</option>
|
||
<option value="abstract">Abstract (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="csv">CSV</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Saving..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="save"
|
||
data-ga-label="save">
|
||
Create file
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Save citations to file' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_save_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="save-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="save"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="email-action-panel"
|
||
class="email-action-panel action-panel"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"
|
||
data-recaptcha-script-url="https://www.recaptcha.net/recaptcha/enterprise.js?render=explicit&onload=onloadCaptchaCallback"
|
||
data-recaptcha-enabled="true">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Email citation
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<form id="email-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
action="/send-email/"
|
||
data-by-search-action="/results-export-email-by-search-data/"
|
||
data-by-ids-action="/send-email/"
|
||
data-by-search-method="post"
|
||
data-by-ids-method="post"
|
||
method="post"
|
||
>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="uxgc1b0PuYvrRWDvhT0CYIxFctwT1CPBLk0hE1tb4ziVLnJlUcDEsQ3jKxe5UdnV">
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<span class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Subject:
|
||
</span>
|
||
<span class="email-subject" id="email-subject" aria-label="Email subject">1 selected item: 31104350 - PubMed</span>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="email-subject" value="1 selected item: 31104350"/>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="email-subject-hash" value="f92d08207e4079e05600b48df0307696f0195cd34c94d2943b91fbe95c1151d4"/>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="email-to" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
To:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input type="email" aria-label="Recipient Email Address" placeholder="email@example.com" id="email-to" class="email-to" pattern="^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$" maxlength="100" required>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="email-from" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
From:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input type="email" aria-label="Sender Email Address" placeholder="email@example.com" id="email-from" class="email-from" pattern="^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$" maxlength="256">
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="email-citation-format" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Format:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="email-citation-format" name="citation-format" class="action-panel-selector email-citation-format">
|
||
<option selected="selected" value="summary">Summary</option>
|
||
<option value="summary-text">Summary (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="abstract">Abstract</option>
|
||
<option value="abstract-text">Abstract (text)</option>
|
||
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="include-supplemental-container">
|
||
<input type="checkbox" aria-label="Include MeSH and other data" name="include-supplemental" id="email-include-supplemental" class="email-include-supplemental">
|
||
<label for="email-include-supplemental" class="email-include-supplemental-label">MeSH and other data</label>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="form-field recaptcha ">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="g-recaptcha" id="id-recaptcha" data-sitekey="6LfsWHMdAAAAAClKbtOpjQ2pMjgsGxvv7NdZW9uI"></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="captcha-error-message" class="usa-input-error-message captcha-validation-message" role="alert"></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Sending..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="email"
|
||
data-ga-label="send">
|
||
Send email
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Email citations' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_email_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="email-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="email"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="email-search-details" value="" />
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="email-search-details-hash" value="0e42663a6c3bd85498fcb88798998fed7bfdc45d457db35281e41afe13cc0524" />
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="collections-action-panel"
|
||
class="collections-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"
|
||
data-collections-open-panel-enabled="false"
|
||
data-collections-open-panel-url-hash="#open-collections-panel">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h3 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Add to Collections
|
||
</h3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<form id="collections-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
|
||
data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/"
|
||
data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/"
|
||
data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/"
|
||
data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/"
|
||
data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100"
|
||
data-add-to-collection-max-amount="1000"
|
||
data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="uxgc1b0PuYvrRWDvhT0CYIxFctwT1CPBLk0hE1tb4ziVLnJlUcDEsQ3jKxe5UdnV">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup">
|
||
<ul class="radio-group-items">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input type="radio"
|
||
id="collections-action-panel-new"
|
||
class="collections-new"
|
||
name="collections"
|
||
value="new"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="collections"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_radio_new">
|
||
<label for="collections-action-panel-new">Create a new collection</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input type="radio"
|
||
id="collections-action-panel-existing"
|
||
class="collections-existing"
|
||
name="collections"
|
||
value="existing"
|
||
checked="true"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="collections"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing">
|
||
<label for="collections-action-panel-existing">Add to an existing collection</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="controls-wrapper">
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls">
|
||
<label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Name your collection:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input
|
||
type="text"
|
||
name="add-to-new-collection"
|
||
id="collections-action-panel-add-to-new"
|
||
class="collections-action-add-to-new"
|
||
pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"
|
||
maxlength="100"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="create_collection"
|
||
data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection">
|
||
<div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Name must be less than 100 characters
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls">
|
||
<label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Choose a collection:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing"
|
||
class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="select_collection"
|
||
data-ga-label="($('#collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'">
|
||
</select>
|
||
<div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Unable to load your collection due to an error<br>
|
||
<a href="#">Please try again</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Adding..."
|
||
data-pinger-ignore
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="collections"
|
||
data-ga-label="add">
|
||
Add
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="collections-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="collections"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="bibliography-action-panel"
|
||
class="bibliography-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"
|
||
data-bibliography-open-panel-enabled="false"
|
||
data-bibliography-open-panel-url-hash="#open-bibliography-panel">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h3 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Add to My Bibliography
|
||
</h3>
|
||
<form id="bibliography-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="bibliography-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
|
||
data-add-to-bibliography-max-amount="100"
|
||
data-add-to-bibliography-batch-size="10"
|
||
data-bibliography-delegates-url="/list-bibliography-delegates/"
|
||
data-add-to-bibliography-url="/add-to-bibliography/"
|
||
data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/"
|
||
data-mybib-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/mybibliography/">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="uxgc1b0PuYvrRWDvhT0CYIxFctwT1CPBLk0hE1tb4ziVLnJlUcDEsQ3jKxe5UdnV">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap bibliographies-controls">
|
||
<div class="choice-group">
|
||
<ul class="bibliographies-action-add radio-group-items">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input name="bibliography" id="my-bibliography" class="my-bibliography" type="radio" checked/>
|
||
<label for="my-bibliography">My Bibliography</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="bibliographies-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Unable to load your delegates due to an error<br>
|
||
<a href="#">Please try again</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Adding..."
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Add
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Add to bibliography' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_bibliography_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="bibliography-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="mybib"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="saved-search-action-panel" class="saved-search-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true"
|
||
data-saved-search-open-panel-enabled="false"
|
||
data-saved-search-open-panel-url-hash="#open-saved-search-panel">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Your saved search
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
<form id="saved-search-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="saved-search-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
data-create-saved-search-url="/create-saved-search/"
|
||
data-try-search-terms-url="/try-search-term/"
|
||
data-saved-search-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/searches/">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="uxgc1b0PuYvrRWDvhT0CYIxFctwT1CPBLk0hE1tb4ziVLnJlUcDEsQ3jKxe5UdnV">
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-name" class="action-panel-label saved-search-name-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Name of saved search:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input maxlength="200"
|
||
type="text"
|
||
name="saved-search-name"
|
||
id="saved-search-name"
|
||
class="saved-search-name"
|
||
value=""
|
||
required
|
||
pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/">
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-term" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Search terms:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<textarea name="saved-search-term" id="saved-search-term" class="saved-search-term" required></textarea>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="test-search-term-wrap">
|
||
<a href="#" class="try-search-term">Test search terms</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="choice-group action-panel-extra-margin-top">
|
||
<span class="action-panel-label" id="fieldset-label">
|
||
Would you like email updates of new search results?
|
||
</span>
|
||
<fieldset id="saved-search-alert" aria-describedby="fieldset-label">
|
||
<legend class="usa-sr-only">Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons</legend>
|
||
<ul class="radio-group-items">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-yes" class="saved-search-alert-yes" name="saved-search-alert" value="yes" checked>
|
||
<label for="saved-search-alert-yes" class="action-panel-label">Yes</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input aria-label="No radio input" type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-no" class="saved-search-alert-no" name="saved-search-alert" value="no">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-alert-no" class="action-panel-label">No</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</fieldset>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="alert-schedule-wrap">
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Email:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<span aria-label="Email address" id="saved-search-email" class="action-panel-label"><span class="action-panel-label-bold"></span> (<a class="myncbi-account-settings" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/">change</a>)</span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-frequency" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Frequency:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-frequency" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-frequency">
|
||
<option value="monthly">Monthly</option>
|
||
<option value="weekly">Weekly</option>
|
||
<option value="daily">Daily</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-monthly-additional">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Which day?
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector">
|
||
<option value="Sunday">The first Sunday</option>
|
||
<option value="Monday">The first Monday</option>
|
||
<option value="Tuesday">The first Tuesday</option>
|
||
<option value="Wednesday">The first Wednesday</option>
|
||
<option value="Thursday">The first Thursday</option>
|
||
<option value="Friday">The first Friday</option>
|
||
<option value="Saturday">The first Saturday</option>
|
||
<option value="day">The first day</option>
|
||
<option value="weekday">The first weekday</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-weekly-additional">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Which day?
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-weekly-on-day">
|
||
<option value="Sunday">Sunday</option>
|
||
<option value="Monday">Monday</option>
|
||
<option value="Tuesday">Tuesday</option>
|
||
<option value="Wednesday">Wednesday</option>
|
||
<option value="Thursday">Thursday</option>
|
||
<option value="Friday">Friday</option>
|
||
<option value="Saturday">Saturday</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-report" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Report format:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-report" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-report">
|
||
<option value="DocSum">Summary</option>
|
||
<option value="DocSumText">Summary (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="Abstract">Abstract</option>
|
||
<option value="AbstractText">Abstract (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="MEDLINE">PubMed</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-amount" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Send at most:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-amount" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-amount">
|
||
<option value="1">1 item</option>
|
||
<option value="5" selected>5 items</option>
|
||
<option value="10">10 items</option>
|
||
<option value="20">20 items</option>
|
||
<option value="50">50 items</option>
|
||
<option value="100">100 items</option>
|
||
<option value="200">200 items</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div>
|
||
<input type="checkbox" id="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="saved-search-send-if-no-result" name="saved-search-send-if-no-result">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="action-panel-label smaller-checkbox">
|
||
Send even when there aren't any new results
|
||
</label>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap option-text-in-email-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-email-text" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Optional text in email:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<textarea name="saved-search-email-text"
|
||
id="saved-search-email-text"
|
||
class="saved-search-email-text"></textarea>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Saving..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="alert"
|
||
data-ga-label="save">
|
||
Save
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Your saved search' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_saved_search_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="saved-search-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="alert"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="citation-manager-action-panel" class="citation-manager-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Create a file for external citation management software
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<form id="citation-manager-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
action="/results-export-ids/"
|
||
data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/"
|
||
data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/"
|
||
method="post"
|
||
data-by-search-method="post"
|
||
data-by-ids-method="post">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="uxgc1b0PuYvrRWDvhT0CYIxFctwT1CPBLk0hE1tb4ziVLnJlUcDEsQ3jKxe5UdnV">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input name="results-format" type="hidden" value="pubmed"/>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Sending..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="citation_manager"
|
||
data-ga-label="save">
|
||
Create file
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Send citations to citation manager' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_citation_manager_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="citation-manager-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="citation_manager"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="rss-action-panel" class="rss-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Your RSS Feed
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
<form id="rss-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="rss-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
data-create-rss-feed-url="/create-rss-feed-url/"
|
||
data-search-form-term-value="">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="uxgc1b0PuYvrRWDvhT0CYIxFctwT1CPBLk0hE1tb4ziVLnJlUcDEsQ3jKxe5UdnV">
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="rss-name" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Name of RSS Feed:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input maxlength="200"
|
||
placeholder="Name"
|
||
type="text"
|
||
name="rss-name"
|
||
id="rss-name"
|
||
class="rss-name"
|
||
value=''
|
||
required
|
||
pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/">
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="rss-limit-wrap">
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top">
|
||
<label for="rss-limit" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Number of items displayed:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="rss-limit" class="no-border-panel-selector rss-limit">
|
||
<option value="5">5</option>
|
||
<option value="10">10</option>
|
||
<option value="15" selected="selected">15</option>
|
||
<option value="20">20</option>
|
||
<option value="50">50</option>
|
||
<option value="100">100</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Creating..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="alert"
|
||
data-ga-label="save">
|
||
Create RSS
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Your RSS' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_rss_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="rss-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="alert"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap rss-link-copy-wrap">
|
||
<label for="rss-link" class="usa-sr-only">RSS Link</label>
|
||
<input placeholder="Your RSS Feed Link" type="text" name="rss-link" id="rss-link" class="rss-link" title="RSS Link">
|
||
<button
|
||
type="button"
|
||
disabled
|
||
class="rss-link-copy-button disabled"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="rss"
|
||
data-ga-label="copy">
|
||
Copy
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="article-page" id="article-page" data-article-pmid="31104350">
|
||
<aside class="page-sidebar">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
|
||
<div class="full-text-links">
|
||
<div class="full-view">
|
||
<h3 class="title">
|
||
Full text links
|
||
</h3>
|
||
<div class="full-text-links-list">
|
||
<a class="link-item
|
||
|
||
dialog-focus"
|
||
href="https://doi.org/10.1111/mpp.12809"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="noopener"
|
||
|
||
ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&is_pmc=False&PrId=3058&itool=Abstract-def&log$=linkouticon&uid=31104350&db=pubmed&nlmid=100954969"
|
||
title="See full text options at Wiley"
|
||
|
||
data-ga-category="full_text"
|
||
data-ga-action="Wiley"
|
||
data-ga-label="31104350"
|
||
><img src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/query/egifs/http:--media.wiley.com-assets-7388-69-wiley-full-text.png" alt="Wiley full text link"><span class="text">
|
||
|
||
Wiley
|
||
|
||
</span></a><a class="link-item
|
||
pmc
|
||
"
|
||
href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/31104350/"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="noopener"
|
||
|
||
ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&is_pmc=True&PrId=3494&itool=Abstract-def&log$=linkouticon&uid=31104350&db=pubmed&nlmid=100954969"
|
||
title="Free full text at PubMed Central"
|
||
|
||
data-ga-category="full_text"
|
||
data-ga-action="PMC"
|
||
data-ga-label="31104350"
|
||
><span class="text">
|
||
|
||
Free PMC article
|
||
|
||
</span></a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="short-view">
|
||
<a href="#" class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger">
|
||
Full text links
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="actions-buttons sidebar"><h3 class="title">Actions</h3><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger"
|
||
aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="cite"
|
||
data-ga-label="open"
|
||
data-all-citations-url="/31104350/citations/"
|
||
data-citation-style="nlm"
|
||
data-pubmed-format-link="/31104350/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><link type="text/css" href="ncbi-overlay-block/src/overlay-block.css"><div class="collections-button-container" data-article-id="31104350" data-article-db="pubmed"><button class="collections-button collections-dialog-trigger"
|
||
aria-label="Save article in MyNCBI collections."
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_button"
|
||
data-collections-open-dialog-enabled="false"
|
||
data-collections-open-dialog-url="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F31104350%2F%23open-collections-dialog"
|
||
data-in-collections="false"><span class="button-label">Collections</span></button><div class="overlay" role="dialog"><div id="collections-action-dialog"
|
||
class="dialog collections-dialog"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"><div class="title">Add to Collections</div><div class="collections-action-panel action-panel"><form id="collections-action-dialog-form"
|
||
class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
|
||
data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/"
|
||
data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/"
|
||
data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/"
|
||
data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100"
|
||
data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/"><input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="uxgc1b0PuYvrRWDvhT0CYIxFctwT1CPBLk0hE1tb4ziVLnJlUcDEsQ3jKxe5UdnV"><div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup"><ul class="radio-group-items"><li><input type="radio"
|
||
id="collections-action-dialog-new"
|
||
class="collections-new"
|
||
name="collections"
|
||
value="new"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_radio_new"><label for="collections-action-dialog-new">Create a new collection</label></li><li><input type="radio"
|
||
id="collections-action-dialog-existing"
|
||
class="collections-existing"
|
||
name="collections"
|
||
value="existing"
|
||
checked="true"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing"><label for="collections-action-dialog-existing">Add to an existing collection</label></li></ul></div><div class="controls-wrapper"><div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Name your collection:
|
||
</label><input
|
||
type="text"
|
||
name="add-to-new-collection"
|
||
id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new"
|
||
class="collections-action-add-to-new"
|
||
pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"
|
||
maxlength="100"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="create_collection"
|
||
data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"><div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Name must be less than 100 characters
|
||
</div></div><div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Choose a collection:
|
||
</label><select id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing"
|
||
class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="select_collection"
|
||
data-ga-label="($('.collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"></select><div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Unable to load your collection due to an error<br><a href="#">Please try again</a></div></div></div><div class="action-panel-actions"><button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Adding..."
|
||
data-pinger-ignore
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="add">
|
||
Add
|
||
</button><button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="collections-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button></div></form></div></div></div></div><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger"
|
||
title="Open dialog with more actions to take"
|
||
ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" data-format-key="format"
|
||
data-default-format-value="abstract"
|
||
data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"><button
|
||
class="trigger usa-button"
|
||
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div><span class="period">. </span><span class="cit">2019 Aug;20(8):1037-1050.</span>
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Surfactin and fengycin contribute to the protection of a Bacillus subtilis strain against grape downy mildew by both direct effect and defence stimulation
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data-ga-label="Marielle Adrian">Marielle Adrian</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, F-21000, France." href="#full-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
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Surfactin and fengycin contribute to the protection of a Bacillus subtilis strain against grape downy mildew by both direct effect and defence stimulation
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<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-2"
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|
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|
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|
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Bacillus subtilis GLB191 (hereafter GLB191) is an efficient biological control agent against the biotrophic oomycete Plasmopara viticola, the causal agent of grapevine downy mildew. In this study, we show that GLB191 supernatant is also highly active against downy mildew and that the activity results from both direct effect against the pathogen and stimulation of the plant defences (induction of defence gene expression and callose production). High-performance thin-layer chromatography analysis revealed the presence of the cyclic lipopeptides fengycin and surfactin in the supernatant. Mutants affected in the production of fengycin and/or surfactin were thus obtained and allowed us to show that both surfactin and fengycin contribute to the double activity of GLB191 supernatant against downy mildew. Altogether, this study suggests that GLB191 supernatant could be used as a new biocontrol product against grapevine downy mildew.
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Bacillus subtilis; Plasmopara viticola; defence; downy mildew; fengycin; lipopeptide; surfactin.
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© 2019 The Authors. Molecular Plant Pathology published by British Society for Plant Pathology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><i> B. subtilis </i> GLB191 supernatant‐induced protection…</div>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><i> B. subtilis </i> GLB191 supernatant‐induced protection of grapevine leaves against downy mildew. Sporulation of…</div>
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Figure 1
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><i>B. subtilis</i> GLB191 supernatant‐induced protection of grapevine leaves against downy mildew. Sporulation of <i>Plasmopara viticola</i> was assessed with the downy mildew susceptible cultivar cv. Marselan treated with water (H<sub>2</sub>O), PDB medium (PDB) or the supernatant of <i>B. subtilis</i> GLB191 (GLB191‐S). Values correspond to the mean percentage obtained for 36 discs of six leaves from three plants (the second and third apical leaves from each plant). The data are representative of three independent experiments. Treatments were compared by means with the non‐parametric Kruskal–Wallis approach at the 5% significance level. Means with different letters are significantly different at <i>P</i> < 0.01 according to the Mann–Whitney pairwise post hoc test with application of the Bonferroni correction.</div>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Direct effect of <i> B. subtilis </i> GLB191 supernatant on <i> P. viticola </i> zoospores. Grapevine (… </p></div>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents">Direct effect of <i>B. subtilis</i> GLB191 supernatant on <i>P. viticola</i> zoospores. Grapevine (<i>V. vinifera</i> cv. Marselan) leaves were treated with water (H<sub>2</sub>O), PDB medium (PDB) or the supernatant of <i>B. subtilis</i> GLB191 (GLB191‐S) and inoculated with <i>P. viticola</i> sporangia 2 h later. At 24 h post inoculation, leaf discs were punched out from leaves and the number of infection sites (i.e. stomata with encysted zoospores of <i>P. viticola</i>) was determined by epifluorescence observations after aniline blue staining of the pathogen. Panel A: Values are the mean number of infection sites for ten discs of six leaves harvested from three plants (the second and third apical leaves from each plant). The data correspond to a representative of three independent experiments. Treatments were compared by means with the non‐parametric Kruskal–Wallis approach at the 5% significance level. Means with different letters are significantly different according to the Mann–Whitney pairwise post hoc test with application of the Bonferroni correction (<i>P</i> < 0.01). Panel B: Representative photographs of fluorescence microscopy observations. Arrows indicate the infection sites (encysted zoospores). Scale bars represent 100 μm.</div>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Callose production induced by <i> B.… </i> </p></div>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Callose production induced by <i> B. subtilis </i> GLB191 supernatant. Grapevine ( <i> V. vinifera </i> cv.… </p></div>
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Figure 3
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<div class="figure-caption-contents">Callose production induced by <i>B. subtilis</i> GLB191 supernatant. Grapevine (<i>V. vinifera</i> cv. Marselan) leaves were treated by water (H<sub>2</sub>O), PDB medium (PDB) or the supernatant of <i>B. subtilis</i> GLB191 (GLB191‐S). Callose production (fluorescent spots) was assessed 3 days post treatment by epifluorescence observations after aniline blue staining. Panel A: Values are the mean number of fluorescent spots for six leaves from three plants (the second and third apical leaves from each plant). Treatments were compared by means with the non‐parametric Kruskal–Wallis approach at the 5% significance level. Means with different letters are significantly different according to the Mann–Whitney pairwise post hoc test with application of the Bonferroni correction (<i>P</i> < 0.01). The data is a representative of three independent experiments. Panel B: Representative photographs of fluorescence microscopy observations. Scale bars represent 100 μm.</div>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Defence‐related gene expression in grapevine leaves treated with <i> B. subtilis </i> GLB191 supernatant. The… </p></div>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents">Defence‐related gene expression in grapevine leaves treated with <i>B. subtilis</i> GLB191 supernatant. The relative transcript accumulation of defence genes was determined by qRT‐PCR in grapevine (<i>V. vinifera</i> cv. Marselan) leaves 24 h post treatment with water (H<sub>2</sub>O), PDB medium (PDB) or the supernatant of <i>B. subtilis</i> GLB191 (GLB191‐S). Results represent relative fold expression calculated with the 2<sup>−ΔΔCt </sup>method, compared to the reference gene <i>EF1γ</i> and to the water control. The data are representative of three independent experiments. <i>PR2</i>, PR protein 2 β‐1,3‐glucanase; <i>PR1</i>, PR protein 1; <i>STS</i>, stilbene synthase; <i>PAL</i>, phenylalanine ammonia lyase; <i>PR3</i>, PR protein 3 chitinase 4c; <i>Lox9</i>, lipoxygenase 9; <i>JAZ1</i>, jasmonate ZIM‐domain protein. *The values above each column indicate the relative fold of transcript accumulation in leaves treated with GLB191‐S compared to that of PDB‐treated ones.</div>
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<p> Figure 5 </p>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Protection of grapevine leaves against… </p></div>
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<p> Figure 5 </p>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Protection of grapevine leaves against downy mildew induced by <i> B. subtilis </i> GLB191 and… </p></div>
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Figure 5
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<div class="figure-caption-contents">Protection of grapevine leaves against downy mildew induced by <i>B. subtilis</i> GLB191 and its derived mutants. Sporulation of <i>Plasmopara viticola</i> was assessed with the downy mildew susceptible cultivar cv. Marselan treated with water (H<sub>2</sub>O), PDB medium (PDB) or the supernatant of the wild‐type <i>B. subtilis</i> GLB191 (GLB191‐S) and its mutants Δ<i>ppsB</i> (Δ<i>ppsB</i>‐S), Δ<i>srfAA</i> (Δ<i>srfAA</i>‐S), Δ<i>ppsBsrfAA</i> (Δ<i>ppsBsrfAA</i>‐S). Values correspond to the mean percentage obtained for 36 discs of six leaves from three plants (the second and third apical leaves from each plant). The data are the mean of three independent experiments. Treatments were compared by means with the non‐parametric Kruskal–Wallis approach at the 5% significance level. Means with different letters are significantly different according to the Mann–Whitney pairwise post hoc test with application of the Bonferroni correction (<i>P</i> < 0.01).</div>
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<p> Figure 6 </p>
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<p> Figure 6 </p>
|
||
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|
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Direct effect of the supernatants of <i> B. subtilis </i> GLB191 and its derived mutants… </p></div>
|
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Figure 6
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||
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||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Direct effect of the supernatants of <i>B. subtilis</i> GLB191 and its derived mutants on <i>P. viticola</i> zoospores. Grapevine (<i>V. vinifera</i> cv. Marselan) leaves were treated with water (H<sub>2</sub>O), PDB medium (PDB) or the supernatant of <i>B. subtilis</i> GLB191 (GLB191‐S) and its mutants Δ<i>ppsB</i> (Δ<i>ppsB</i>‐S), Δ<i>srfAA</i> (Δ<i>srfAA</i>‐S), Δ<i>ppsBsrfAA</i> (Δ<i>ppsBsrfAA</i>‐S), and inoculated with <i>P. viticola</i> sporangia 2 h later. At 24 hpi, leaf discs were punched out from leaves and the number of infection sites (i.e. stomata with encysted zoospores of <i>P. viticola</i>) was determined by UV epifluorescence observations after aniline blue staining of the pathogen. Panel A: Values are the mean number of infection sites for ten discs of six leaves harvested from three cuttings (the second and third apical leaves from each plant). The data correspond to a representative of three independent experiments. Treatments were compared by means with the non‐parametric Kruskal–Wallis approach at the 5% significance level. Means with different letters are significantly different according to the Mann–Whitney pairwise post hoc test with application of the Bonferroni correction (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Panel B: Representative photographs of fluorescence microscopy observations. Arrows indicate the infection sites (encysted zoospores). Scale bars represent 100 μm.</div>
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|
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<p> Figure 7 </p>
|
||
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|
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|
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Callose production induced by the… </p></div>
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|
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<p> Figure 7 </p>
|
||
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Callose production induced by the supernatant of <i> B. subtilis </i> GLB191 and its derived… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
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|
||
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Figure 7
|
||
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Callose production induced by the supernatant of <i>B. subtilis</i> GLB191 and its derived mutants. Callose deposition in grapevine (<i>V. vinifera</i> cv. Marselan) leaves treated by water (H<sub>2</sub>O), PDB medium (PDB) or the supernatant of the wild‐type <i>B. subtilis</i> GLB191 (GLB191‐S) and its mutants Δ<i>ppsB</i> (Δ<i>ppsB</i>‐S), Δ<i>srfAA</i> (Δ<i>srfAA</i>‐S), Δ<i>ppsBsrfAA</i> (Δ<i>ppsBsrfAA</i>‐S) was assessed 3 days post treatment by epifluorescence observations after aniline blue staining. Panel A: Values are the mean estimation for leaves from three plants (the second and third apical leaves from each plant) in the same treatment. Treatments were compared by means with the non‐parametric Kruskal–Wallis approach at the 5% significance level. Means with different letters are significantly different according to the Mann–Whitney pairwise post hoc test with application of the Bonferroni correction (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The data are representative of three independent experiments. Panel B: Representative photographs observed using a fluorescence microscope. Scale bars represent 100 μm.</div>
|
||
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<p> Figure 8 </p>
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||
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||
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||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Defence‐related genes expression in grapevine… </p></div>
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<p> Figure 8 </p>
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|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Defence‐related genes expression in grapevine leaves treated with supernatant of <i> B. subtilis </i> GLB191… </p></div>
|
||
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||
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Figure 8
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||
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|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Defence‐related genes expression in grapevine leaves treated with supernatant of <i>B. subtilis</i> GLB191 and its derived mutants. The relative transcript accumulations of genes <i>PR2</i> (encoding the pathogenesis‐related protein 2 β‐1,3‐glucanase), <i>STS</i> (encoding stilbene synthase) and <i>PR3</i> (encoding the pathogenesis‐related protein 3 chitinase 4c) were determined by qRT‐PCR in leaves treated with water, PDB medium (PDB) or the supernatant of <i>B. subtilis</i> GLB191 (GLB191‐S) and its mutants Δ<i>ppsB</i> (Δ<i>ppsB</i>‐S), Δ<i>srfAA</i> (Δ<i>srfAA</i>‐S), Δ<i>ppsBsrfAA</i> (Δ<i>ppsBsrfAA</i>‐S). Results represent relative fold expression calculated with the 2<sup>−ΔΔCt </sup>method, compared to the reference gene <i>EF1γ</i> and to the water control. The data are representative of three independent experiments.</div>
|
||
|
||
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||
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Boutrot, F. and Zipfel, C. (2017) Function, discovery, and exploitation of plant pattern recognition receptors for broad‐spectrum disease resistance. Annu Rev Phytopathol. 55, 257–286.
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Cawoy, H. , Mariutto, M. , Henry, G. , Fisher, C. , Vasilyeva, N. , Thonart, P. , Dommes, J. and Ongena, M. (2014) Plant defense stimulation by natural isolates of Bacillus depends on efficient surfactin production. Mol. Plant‐Microbe Interact. 27, 87–100.
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</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
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||
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-search-term=""Peronospora/drug effects"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
||
data-ga-label=""Peronospora/drug effects"[MeSH]"
|
||
href="#">
|
||
Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Peronospora / physiology"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-7"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Peronospora / physiology
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-7"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Peronospora / physiology"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Peronospora%2Fphysiology%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Peronospora%2Fphysiology%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Peronospora/physiology"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term"
|
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data-ga-label="Peronospora / physiology">
|
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Search in PubMed
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
||
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Peronospora"
|
||
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
|
||
data-ga-label="Peronospora / physiology">
|
||
Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-search-term=""Peronospora/physiology"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
||
data-ga-label=""Peronospora/physiology"[MeSH]"
|
||
href="#">
|
||
Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Plant Diseases / microbiology*"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-8"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Plant Diseases / microbiology*
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-8"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Plant Diseases / microbiology*"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Plant+Diseases%2Fmicrobiology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Plant+Diseases%2Fmicrobiology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Plant Diseases/microbiology"[MAJR]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term"
|
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data-ga-label="Plant Diseases / microbiology*">
|
||
Search in PubMed
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
||
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Plant+Diseases"
|
||
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
|
||
data-ga-label="Plant Diseases / microbiology*">
|
||
Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-search-term=""Plant Diseases/microbiology"[MAJR]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
||
data-ga-label=""Plant Diseases/microbiology"[MAJR]"
|
||
href="#">
|
||
Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Plant Leaves / drug effects"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
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aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-9"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Plant Leaves / drug effects
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-9"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Plant Leaves / drug effects"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Plant+Leaves%2Fdrug+effects%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Plant+Leaves%2Fdrug+effects%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Plant Leaves/drug effects"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term"
|
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data-ga-label="Plant Leaves / drug effects">
|
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Search in PubMed
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
||
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Plant+Leaves"
|
||
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
|
||
data-ga-label="Plant Leaves / drug effects">
|
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Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-search-term=""Plant Leaves/drug effects"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
||
data-ga-label=""Plant Leaves/drug effects"[MeSH]"
|
||
href="#">
|
||
Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Plant Leaves / genetics"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-10"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Plant Leaves / genetics
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-10"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Plant Leaves / genetics"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Plant+Leaves%2Fgenetics%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Plant+Leaves%2Fgenetics%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Plant Leaves/genetics"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term"
|
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data-ga-label="Plant Leaves / genetics">
|
||
Search in PubMed
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
||
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Plant+Leaves"
|
||
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
|
||
data-ga-label="Plant Leaves / genetics">
|
||
Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-search-term=""Plant Leaves/genetics"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
||
data-ga-label=""Plant Leaves/genetics"[MeSH]"
|
||
href="#">
|
||
Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Vitis / drug effects"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-11"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Vitis / drug effects
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-11"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Vitis / drug effects"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Vitis%2Fdrug+effects%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Vitis%2Fdrug+effects%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Vitis/drug effects"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term"
|
||
data-ga-label="Vitis / drug effects">
|
||
Search in PubMed
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
||
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Vitis"
|
||
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
|
||
data-ga-label="Vitis / drug effects">
|
||
Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-search-term=""Vitis/drug effects"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
||
data-ga-label=""Vitis/drug effects"[MeSH]"
|
||
href="#">
|
||
Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Vitis / genetics"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-12"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Vitis / genetics
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-12"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Vitis / genetics"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Vitis%2Fgenetics%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Vitis%2Fgenetics%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Vitis/genetics"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term"
|
||
data-ga-label="Vitis / genetics">
|
||
Search in PubMed
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
||
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Vitis"
|
||
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
|
||
data-ga-label="Vitis / genetics">
|
||
Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-search-term=""Vitis/genetics"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
||
data-ga-label=""Vitis/genetics"[MeSH]"
|
||
href="#">
|
||
Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Vitis / immunology*"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-13"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Vitis / immunology*
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-13"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Vitis / immunology*"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Vitis%2Fimmunology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Vitis%2Fimmunology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Vitis/immunology"[MAJR]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term"
|
||
data-ga-label="Vitis / immunology*">
|
||
Search in PubMed
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
||
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Vitis"
|
||
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
|
||
data-ga-label="Vitis / immunology*">
|
||
Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-search-term=""Vitis/immunology"[MAJR]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
||
data-ga-label=""Vitis/immunology"[MAJR]"
|
||
href="#">
|
||
Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Vitis / microbiology*"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-14"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Vitis / microbiology*
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-14"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Vitis / microbiology*"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Vitis%2Fmicrobiology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Vitis%2Fmicrobiology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Vitis/microbiology"[MAJR]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
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data-ga-action="mesh_term"
|
||
data-ga-label="Vitis / microbiology*">
|
||
Search in PubMed
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
||
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Vitis"
|
||
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
|
||
data-ga-label="Vitis / microbiology*">
|
||
Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-search-term=""Vitis/microbiology"[MAJR]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
||
data-ga-label=""Vitis/microbiology"[MAJR]"
|
||
href="#">
|
||
Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li></ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="substances" class="substances keywords-section">
|
||
<h2 class="title">
|
||
Substances
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
<ul class="keywords-list"><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Glucans"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
aria-controls="keyword-actions-substances-0"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Glucans
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-0"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Glucans"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Glucans%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Glucans%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&keyword="Glucans"[nm]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="substance"
|
||
data-ga-label="Glucans">
|
||
Search in PubMed
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
||
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=%22Glucans%22"
|
||
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
||
data-ga-action="substance_link"
|
||
data-ga-label="Glucans">
|
||
Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-search-term=""Glucans"[nm]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
||
data-ga-label=""Glucans"[nm]"
|
||
href="#">
|
||
Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Lipopeptides"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
aria-controls="keyword-actions-substances-1"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Lipopeptides
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-1"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Lipopeptides"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Lipopeptides%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Lipopeptides%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&keyword="Lipopeptides"[nm]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="substance"
|
||
data-ga-label="Lipopeptides">
|
||
Search in PubMed
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
||
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=%22Lipopeptides%22"
|
||
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
||
data-ga-action="substance_link"
|
||
data-ga-label="Lipopeptides">
|
||
Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-search-term=""Lipopeptides"[nm]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
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data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
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data-ga-label=""Lipopeptides"[nm]"
|
||
href="#">
|
||
Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Peptides, Cyclic"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
aria-controls="keyword-actions-substances-2"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
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