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<label for="email-from" class="action-panel-label">
From:
</label>
<input type="email" aria-label="Sender Email Address" placeholder="email@example.com" id="email-from" class="email-from" pattern="^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$" maxlength="256">
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label for="email-citation-format" class="action-panel-label">
Format:
</label>
<select id="email-citation-format" name="citation-format" class="action-panel-selector email-citation-format">
<option selected="selected" value="summary">Summary</option>
<option value="summary-text">Summary (text)</option>
<option value="abstract">Abstract</option>
<option value="abstract-text">Abstract (text)</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="include-supplemental-container">
<input type="checkbox" aria-label="Include MeSH and other data" name="include-supplemental" id="email-include-supplemental" class="email-include-supplemental">
<label for="email-include-supplemental" class="email-include-supplemental-label">MeSH and other data</label>
</div>
<div class="form-field recaptcha ">
<div class="g-recaptcha" id="id-recaptcha" data-sitekey="6LfsWHMdAAAAAClKbtOpjQ2pMjgsGxvv7NdZW9uI"></div>
</div>
<div id="captcha-error-message" class="usa-input-error-message captcha-validation-message" role="alert"></div>
<div class="action-panel-actions">
<button class="action-panel-submit"
type="submit"
data-loading-label="Sending..."
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="email"
data-ga-label="send">
Send email
</button>
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
aria-label="Close 'Email citations' panel"
ref="linksrc=close_email_panel"
aria-controls="email-action-panel"
aria-expanded="false"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="email"
data-ga-label="cancel">
Cancel
</button>
</div>
<input type="hidden" name="email-search-details" value="" />
<input type="hidden" name="email-search-details-hash" value="0e42663a6c3bd85498fcb88798998fed7bfdc45d457db35281e41afe13cc0524" />
</form>
</div>
</div>
<div id="collections-action-panel"
class="collections-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel"
aria-hidden="true"
data-collections-open-panel-enabled="false"
data-collections-open-panel-url-hash="#open-collections-panel">
<div class="inner-wrap">
<h3 class="action-panel-heading">
Add to Collections
</h3>
<form id="collections-action-panel-form"
class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/"
data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/"
data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/"
data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/"
data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100"
data-add-to-collection-max-amount="1000"
data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/">
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="sq4bPvxzeARp0l2yvyIxtTtaHVzqrDStJdOgsl0VObETUM8o8RlzX1ZOfZhCkeqN">
<div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup">
<ul class="radio-group-items">
<li>
<input type="radio"
id="collections-action-panel-new"
class="collections-new"
name="collections"
value="new"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="collections"
data-ga-label="collections_radio_new">
<label for="collections-action-panel-new">Create a new collection</label>
</li>
<li>
<input type="radio"
id="collections-action-panel-existing"
class="collections-existing"
name="collections"
value="existing"
checked="true"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="collections"
data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing">
<label for="collections-action-panel-existing">Add to an existing collection</label>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="controls-wrapper">
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls">
<label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
Name your collection:
</label>
<input
type="text"
name="add-to-new-collection"
id="collections-action-panel-add-to-new"
class="collections-action-add-to-new"
pattern="[^&quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: &quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;/"
maxlength="100"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="create_collection"
data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection">
<div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
Name must be less than 100 characters
</div>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls">
<label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label">
Choose a collection:
</label>
<select id="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing"
class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="select_collection"
data-ga-label="($('#collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'">
</select>
<div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
Unable to load your collection due to an error<br>
<a href="#">Please try again</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-actions">
<button class="action-panel-submit"
type="submit"
data-loading-label="Adding..."
data-pinger-ignore
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="collections"
data-ga-label="add">
Add
</button>
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel"
ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel"
aria-controls="collections-action-panel"
aria-expanded="false"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="collections"
data-ga-label="cancel">
Cancel
</button>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
<div id="bibliography-action-panel"
class="bibliography-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel"
aria-hidden="true"
data-bibliography-open-panel-enabled="false"
data-bibliography-open-panel-url-hash="#open-bibliography-panel">
<div class="inner-wrap">
<h3 class="action-panel-heading">
Add to My Bibliography
</h3>
<form id="bibliography-action-panel-form"
class="bibliography-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
data-add-to-bibliography-max-amount="100"
data-add-to-bibliography-batch-size="10"
data-bibliography-delegates-url="/list-bibliography-delegates/"
data-add-to-bibliography-url="/add-to-bibliography/"
data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/"
data-mybib-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/mybibliography/">
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="sq4bPvxzeARp0l2yvyIxtTtaHVzqrDStJdOgsl0VObETUM8o8RlzX1ZOfZhCkeqN">
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap bibliographies-controls">
<div class="choice-group">
<ul class="bibliographies-action-add radio-group-items">
<li>
<input name="bibliography" id="my-bibliography" class="my-bibliography" type="radio" checked/>
<label for="my-bibliography">My Bibliography</label>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="bibliographies-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
Unable to load your delegates due to an error<br>
<a href="#">Please try again</a>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-actions">
<button class="action-panel-submit"
type="submit"
data-loading-label="Adding..."
data-pinger-ignore>
Add
</button>
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
aria-label="Close 'Add to bibliography' panel"
ref="linksrc=close_bibliography_panel"
aria-controls="bibliography-action-panel"
aria-expanded="false"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="mybib"
data-ga-label="cancel">
Cancel
</button>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
<div id="saved-search-action-panel" class="saved-search-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true"
data-saved-search-open-panel-enabled="false"
data-saved-search-open-panel-url-hash="#open-saved-search-panel">
<div class="inner-wrap">
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
Your saved search
</h2>
<form id="saved-search-action-panel-form"
class="saved-search-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form"
data-create-saved-search-url="/create-saved-search/"
data-try-search-terms-url="/try-search-term/"
data-saved-search-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/searches/">
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="sq4bPvxzeARp0l2yvyIxtTtaHVzqrDStJdOgsl0VObETUM8o8RlzX1ZOfZhCkeqN">
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label for="saved-search-name" class="action-panel-label saved-search-name-label required-field-asterisk">
Name of saved search:
</label>
<input maxlength="200"
type="text"
name="saved-search-name"
id="saved-search-name"
class="saved-search-name"
value=""
required
pattern="[^&quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: &quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;/">
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label for="saved-search-term" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
Search terms:
</label>
<textarea name="saved-search-term" id="saved-search-term" class="saved-search-term" required></textarea>
</div>
<div class="test-search-term-wrap">
<a href="#" class="try-search-term">Test search terms</a>
</div>
<div class="choice-group action-panel-extra-margin-top">
<span class="action-panel-label" id="fieldset-label">
Would you like email updates of new search results?
</span>
<fieldset id="saved-search-alert" aria-describedby="fieldset-label">
<legend class="usa-sr-only">Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons</legend>
<ul class="radio-group-items">
<li>
<input type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-yes" class="saved-search-alert-yes" name="saved-search-alert" value="yes" checked>
<label for="saved-search-alert-yes" class="action-panel-label">Yes</label>
</li>
<li>
<input aria-label="No radio input" type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-no" class="saved-search-alert-no" name="saved-search-alert" value="no">
<label for="saved-search-alert-no" class="action-panel-label">No</label>
</li>
</ul>
</fieldset>
</div>
<div class="alert-schedule-wrap">
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label class="action-panel-label">
Email:
</label>
<span aria-label="Email address" id="saved-search-email" class="action-panel-label"><span class="action-panel-label-bold"></span> (<a class="myncbi-account-settings" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/">change</a>)</span>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top">
<label for="saved-search-frequency" class="action-panel-label">
Frequency:
</label>
<select id="saved-search-frequency" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-frequency">
<option value="monthly">Monthly</option>
<option value="weekly">Weekly</option>
<option value="daily">Daily</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-monthly-additional">
<label for="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="action-panel-label">
Which day?
</label>
<select id="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector">
<option value="Sunday">The first Sunday</option>
<option value="Monday">The first Monday</option>
<option value="Tuesday">The first Tuesday</option>
<option value="Wednesday">The first Wednesday</option>
<option value="Thursday">The first Thursday</option>
<option value="Friday">The first Friday</option>
<option value="Saturday">The first Saturday</option>
<option value="day">The first day</option>
<option value="weekday">The first weekday</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-weekly-additional">
<label for="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="action-panel-label">
Which day?
</label>
<select id="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-weekly-on-day">
<option value="Sunday">Sunday</option>
<option value="Monday">Monday</option>
<option value="Tuesday">Tuesday</option>
<option value="Wednesday">Wednesday</option>
<option value="Thursday">Thursday</option>
<option value="Friday">Friday</option>
<option value="Saturday">Saturday</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label for="saved-search-report" class="action-panel-label">
Report format:
</label>
<select id="saved-search-report" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-report">
<option value="DocSum">Summary</option>
<option value="DocSumText">Summary (text)</option>
<option value="Abstract">Abstract</option>
<option value="AbstractText">Abstract (text)</option>
<option value="MEDLINE">PubMed</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label for="saved-search-amount" class="action-panel-label">
Send at most:
</label>
<select id="saved-search-amount" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-amount">
<option value="1">1 item</option>
<option value="5" selected>5 items</option>
<option value="10">10 items</option>
<option value="20">20 items</option>
<option value="50">50 items</option>
<option value="100">100 items</option>
<option value="200">200 items</option>
</select>
</div>
<div>
<input type="checkbox" id="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="saved-search-send-if-no-result" name="saved-search-send-if-no-result">
<label for="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="action-panel-label smaller-checkbox">
Send even when there aren't any new results
</label>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap option-text-in-email-wrap">
<label for="saved-search-email-text" class="action-panel-label">
Optional text in email:
</label>
<textarea name="saved-search-email-text"
id="saved-search-email-text"
class="saved-search-email-text"></textarea>
</div>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-actions">
<button class="action-panel-submit"
type="submit"
data-loading-label="Saving..."
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="alert"
data-ga-label="save">
Save
</button>
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
aria-label="Close 'Your saved search' panel"
ref="linksrc=close_saved_search_panel"
aria-controls="saved-search-action-panel"
aria-expanded="false"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="alert"
data-ga-label="cancel">
Cancel
</button>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
<div id="citation-manager-action-panel" class="citation-manager-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="inner-wrap">
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
Create a file for external citation management software
</h2>
<form id="citation-manager-action-panel-form"
class="action-panel-content action-form"
action="/results-export-ids/"
data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/"
data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/"
method="post"
data-by-search-method="post"
data-by-ids-method="post">
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="sq4bPvxzeARp0l2yvyIxtTtaHVzqrDStJdOgsl0VObETUM8o8RlzX1ZOfZhCkeqN">
<input name="results-format" type="hidden" value="pubmed"/>
<div class="action-panel-actions">
<button class="action-panel-submit"
type="submit"
data-loading-label="Sending..."
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="citation_manager"
data-ga-label="save">
Create file
</button>
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
aria-label="Close 'Send citations to citation manager' panel"
ref="linksrc=close_citation_manager_panel"
aria-controls="citation-manager-action-panel"
aria-expanded="false"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="citation_manager"
data-ga-label="cancel">
Cancel
</button>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
<div id="rss-action-panel" class="rss-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true">
<div class="inner-wrap">
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
Your RSS Feed
</h2>
<form id="rss-action-panel-form"
class="rss-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form"
data-create-rss-feed-url="/create-rss-feed-url/"
data-search-form-term-value="">
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="sq4bPvxzeARp0l2yvyIxtTtaHVzqrDStJdOgsl0VObETUM8o8RlzX1ZOfZhCkeqN">
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label for="rss-name" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
Name of RSS Feed:
</label>
<input maxlength="200"
placeholder="Name"
type="text"
name="rss-name"
id="rss-name"
class="rss-name"
value=''
required
pattern="[^&quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: &quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;/">
</div>
<div class="rss-limit-wrap">
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top">
<label for="rss-limit" class="action-panel-label">
Number of items displayed:
</label>
<select id="rss-limit" class="no-border-panel-selector rss-limit">
<option value="5">5</option>
<option value="10">10</option>
<option value="15" selected="selected">15</option>
<option value="20">20</option>
<option value="50">50</option>
<option value="100">100</option>
</select>
</div>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-actions">
<button class="action-panel-submit"
type="submit"
data-loading-label="Creating..."
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="alert"
data-ga-label="save">
Create RSS
</button>
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
aria-label="Close 'Your RSS' panel"
ref="linksrc=close_rss_panel"
aria-controls="rss-action-panel"
aria-expanded="false"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="alert"
data-ga-label="cancel">
Cancel
</button>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap rss-link-copy-wrap">
<label for="rss-link" class="usa-sr-only">RSS Link</label>
<input placeholder="Your RSS Feed Link" type="text" name="rss-link" id="rss-link" class="rss-link" title="RSS Link">
<button
type="button"
disabled
class="rss-link-copy-button disabled"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="rss"
data-ga-label="copy">
Copy
</button>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="article-page" id="article-page" data-article-pmid="26412324">
<aside class="page-sidebar">
<div class="inner-wrap">
<div class="full-text-links">
<div class="full-view">
<h3 class="title">
Full text links
</h3>
<div class="full-text-links-list">
<a class="link-item
dialog-focus"
href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1535-6108(15)00305-0"
target="_blank"
rel="noopener"
ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&amp;is_pmc=False&amp;PrId=3048&amp;itool=Abstract-def&amp;log$=linkouticon&amp;uid=26412324&amp;db=pubmed&amp;nlmid=101130617"
title="See full text options at Elsevier Science"
data-ga-category="full_text"
data-ga-action="Elsevier Science"
data-ga-label="26412324"
><img src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/query/egifs/https:--linkinghub.elsevier.com-ihub-images-celloa.png" alt="Elsevier Science full text link"><span class="text">
Elsevier Science
</span></a><a class="link-item
pmc
"
href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/26412324/"
target="_blank"
rel="noopener"
ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&amp;is_pmc=True&amp;PrId=3494&amp;itool=Abstract-def&amp;log$=linkouticon&amp;uid=26412324&amp;db=pubmed&amp;nlmid=101130617"
title="Free full text at PubMed Central"
data-ga-category="full_text"
data-ga-action="PMC"
data-ga-label="26412324"
><span class="text">
Free PMC article
</span></a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="short-view">
<a href="#" class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger">
Full text links
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="actions-buttons sidebar"><h3 class="title">Actions</h3><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger"
aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="cite"
data-ga-label="open"
data-all-citations-url="/26412324/citations/"
data-citation-style="nlm"
data-pubmed-format-link="/26412324/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><link type="text/css" href="ncbi-overlay-block/src/overlay-block.css"><div class="collections-button-container" data-article-id="26412324" data-article-db="pubmed"><button class="collections-button collections-dialog-trigger"
aria-label="Save article in MyNCBI collections."
data-ga-category="collections_button"
data-ga-action="click"
data-ga-label="collections_button"
data-collections-open-dialog-enabled="false"
data-collections-open-dialog-url="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F26412324%2F%23open-collections-dialog"
data-in-collections="false"><span class="button-label">Collections</span></button><div class="overlay" role="dialog"><div id="collections-action-dialog"
class="dialog collections-dialog"
aria-hidden="true"><div class="title">Add to Collections</div><div class="collections-action-panel action-panel"><form id="collections-action-dialog-form"
class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/"
data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/"
data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/"
data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100"
data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/"><input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="sq4bPvxzeARp0l2yvyIxtTtaHVzqrDStJdOgsl0VObETUM8o8RlzX1ZOfZhCkeqN"><div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup"><ul class="radio-group-items"><li><input type="radio"
id="collections-action-dialog-new"
class="collections-new"
name="collections"
value="new"
data-ga-category="collections_button"
data-ga-action="click"
data-ga-label="collections_radio_new"><label for="collections-action-dialog-new">Create a new collection</label></li><li><input type="radio"
id="collections-action-dialog-existing"
class="collections-existing"
name="collections"
value="existing"
checked="true"
data-ga-category="collections_button"
data-ga-action="click"
data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing"><label for="collections-action-dialog-existing">Add to an existing collection</label></li></ul></div><div class="controls-wrapper"><div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
Name your collection:
</label><input
type="text"
name="add-to-new-collection"
id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new"
class="collections-action-add-to-new"
pattern="[^&quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: &quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;/"
maxlength="100"
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<h1 class="heading-title">
hnRNP K Is a Haploinsufficient Tumor Suppressor that Regulates Proliferation and Differentiation Programs in Hematologic Malignancies
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hnRNP K Is a Haploinsufficient Tumor Suppressor that Regulates Proliferation and Differentiation Programs in Hematologic Malignancies
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><sup class="key">1</sup> Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.</li>
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><sup class="key">2</sup> Department of Lymphoma &amp; Myeloma, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.</li>
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><sup class="key">3</sup> Department of Histopathology, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.</li>
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><sup class="key">4</sup> Department of Veterinary Medicine &amp; Surgery, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.</li>
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><sup class="key">5</sup> Department of Genetics, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.</li>
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><sup class="key">6</sup> Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre and CNIO, Madrid 28041, Spain.</li>
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><sup class="key">7</sup> Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Electronic address: spost@mdanderson.org.</li>
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<p>
hnRNP K regulates cellular programs, and changes in its expression and mutational status have been implicated in neoplastic malignancies. To directly examine its role in tumorigenesis, we generated a mouse model harboring an Hnrnpk knockout allele (Hnrnpk(+/-)). Hnrnpk haploinsufficiency resulted in reduced survival, increased tumor formation, genomic instability, and the development of transplantable hematopoietic neoplasms with myeloproliferation. Reduced hnRNP K expression attenuated p21 activation, downregulated C/EBP levels, and activated STAT3 signaling. Additionally, analysis of samples from primary acute myeloid leukemia patients harboring a partial deletion of chromosome 9 revealed a significant decrease in HNRNPK expression. Together, these data implicate hnRNP K in the development of hematological disorders and suggest hnRNP K acts as a tumor suppressor.
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<p xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:p1="http://pubmed.gov/pub-one"><bold>Conflicts of interests:</bold> The authors declare no conflicts.</p>
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<p> Figure 1. <i> HNRNPK </i> expression is reduced in… </p>
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<p> Figure 1. <i> HNRNPK </i> expression is reduced in patients with AML that harbor a 9q deletion </p>
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Figure 1. <i>HNRNPK</i> expression is reduced in patients with AML that harbor a 9q deletion
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of <i>HNRNPK</i> levels from bone marrow aspirates of AML patients who carry 9q deletions (n = 12) and healthy donors controls (n = 8) (p = 0.0001). Data are represented as mean ± SEM determined from triplicate samples after normalization to geometric mean of β-ACTIN and <i>GAPDH.</i> ***p &lt; 0.005. P-values were calculated using the Mann-Whitney test.</div>
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<p> Figure 2. Generation of <i> Hnrnpk </i> haploinsufficient mice </p>
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<p> Figure 2. Generation of <i> Hnrnpk </i> haploinsufficient mice </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> (A) Schema of the <i> Hnrnpk </i> locus and the… </p></div>
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Figure 2. Generation of <i>Hnrnpk</i> haploinsufficient mice
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents">(A) Schema of the <i>Hnrnpk</i> locus and the KOMP targeting vector (<i>Hnrnpk<sup>1(KOMP)Wtsi</sup></i>). The targeting vector replaced exons 3 through 6 and with a neomycin selectable marker flanked by <i>LoxP</i> sites (ovals) and LacZ cassette flanked by <i>Flp</i> sites (arrowheads). Black numbered boxes denote <i>Hnrnpk</i> exons. (B) PCR analysis of targeted recombination in <i>Hnrnpk<sup>+/</sup></i> mice. The 5.9-kb amplicon (dark blue arrow heads) represents the recombined <i>Hnrnpk</i> allele using external and internal primers for the 5 arm. Wild-type DNA serves as a negative control. The 10.1-kb (black arrow heads), 9.1-kb (red arrow heads), 8.1-kb (green arrow heads), and 5.5-kb (light blue arrow heads) amplicons represent the recombined <i>Hnrnpk</i> allele using external and internal primers for the 3 arm. See also: Figure S1.</div>
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<p> Figure 3. <i> Hnrnpk <sup> +/ </sup> </i> mice have developmental… </p>
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<p> Figure 3. <i> Hnrnpk <sup> +/ </sup> </i> mice have developmental defects and reduced hnRNP K expression </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> (A) Observed and… </p></div>
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<strong class="figure-label">
Figure 3. <i>Hnrnpk<sup>+/</sup></i> mice have developmental defects and reduced hnRNP K expression
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents">(A) Observed and expected number of <i>Hnrnpk<sup>+/</sup></i> and wild type mice at weaning (21 days). (B) Growth retardation in <i>Hnrnpk<sup>+/</sup></i> mice at day 3 (Left panel) and 10 days (Right panel). (C) Weight (in grams) of <i>Hnrnpk<sup>+/</sup></i> (n = 10) and wild type littermates (n = 8) over the first four weeks of life (p = 0.0001). (D) Weight analysis (in grams) of adult <i>Hnrnpk<sup>+/</sup></i> and wild type mice stratified by sex (Female, p = 0.011) and (Male, p = 0.003). (E) Observed and expected ratio of <i>Hnrnpk</i>/, <i>Hnrnpk<sup>+/</sup></i>, and wild type mice from 12 separate <i>hnRNP K</i><sup>+/</sup> matings at weaning (21 days). (F) Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of <i>Hnrnpk</i> expression in the bone marrow of wild type (n = 4) and <i>Hnrnpk<sup>+/</sup></i> (n = 4) mice (p = 0.0396). (G) Western blot analyses of hnRNP K levels in lysates from wild type and <i>Hnrnpk<sup>+/</sup></i> mice, (upper-left panel: MEFs; upper-right panel: whole bone marrow; bottom-left panel: spleen; bottom-right panel: liver). Data are represented as mean ± SEM. *p &lt; 0.05 and ***p &lt; 0.005. p-values were calculated using Mann-Whitney test.</div>
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<p> Figure 4. Reduced hnRNP K expression results… </p>
</strong>
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<strong class="figure-label">
<p> Figure 4. Reduced hnRNP K expression results in increased proliferation and a dampened p21 response… </p>
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Figure 4. Reduced hnRNP K expression results in increased proliferation and a dampened p21 response following DNA damage
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents">(A) Increased cell proliferation in <i>Hnrnpk<sup>+/</sup></i> MEFs. Three low passage (P2) MEF cell lines per genotype were plated for 24, 48 or 72 hr, and then assayed by WST-8 (p = 0.0070). Each data point represents the mean ± SEM for three separate MEF lines per genotype (B) Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of <i>p21</i> levels before and after irradiation from WT and <i>Hnrnpk<sup>+/</sup></i> MEFs. (C) Western blot analysis of hnRNP K and p21 expression in lysates from γ-IR treated wild type and <i>Hnrnpk<sup>+/</sup></i> MEFs. β-actin serves as an internal control. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. ***p &lt; 0.005. P-values were calculated using unpaired t-tests and Mann-Whitney tests. See also, Figure S2.</div>
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<p> Figure 5. <i> Hnrnpk <sup> +/ </sup> </i> mice develop myeloid… </p>
</strong>
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<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> Figure 5. <i> Hnrnpk <sup> +/ </sup> </i> mice develop myeloid hyperplasia </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> (A) Cell blood count (CBC) of peripheral blood… </p></div>
</div>
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Figure 5. <i>Hnrnpk<sup>+/</sup></i> mice develop myeloid hyperplasia
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents">(A) Cell blood count (CBC) of peripheral blood comparing neutrophils (p = 0.0006) and basophils (p = 0.0477) from wild type (n = 8) and <i>Hnrnpk<sup>+/</sup></i> (n = 11) mice and platelets (p = 0.0095) of wild type (n = 6) and <i>hnRNP K</i><sup>+/</sup> (n = 6) mice. (B) Flow cytometry analysis of double positive Ly6G/CD11b myeloid populations (50,000 gated cells) in the peripheral blood of wild type (n = 6) and <i>hnRNP K</i><sup>+/</sup> (n =6) (upper panel, p = 0.0354) and bone marrow of wild type (n = 7) and <i>hnRNP K</i><sup>+/</sup> (n = 13) (bottom panel, p = 0.0008) mice. Percentages were compared and analyzed using Mann-Whitney test. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. *p &lt; 0.05, **p &lt; 0.01, and ***p &lt; 0.005. See also, Figure S3.</div>
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id="article-image-5"
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<p> Figure 6. <i> Hnrnpk <sup> +/ </sup> </i> mice have reduced… </p>
</strong>
</div>
</div>
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> Figure 6. <i> Hnrnpk <sup> +/ </sup> </i> mice have reduced survival and are tumor prone </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> (A) Kaplan-Meier curves indicating… </p></div>
</div>
<figcaption id="figure-caption-5" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
<strong class="figure-label">
Figure 6. <i>Hnrnpk<sup>+/</sup></i> mice have reduced survival and are tumor prone
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents">(A) Kaplan-Meier curves indicating survival of <i>Hnrnpk<sup>+/</sup></i> (n = 76) and wild type (n = 37) mice. Statistical significance was determined by log rank test (p = 0.0001). (B) <i>Hnrnpk</i> haploinsufficiency results in tumor phenotypes (n = 55; 62% myeloproliferation, 31% lymphoma and 4% hepatocellular carcinoma). (C) Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&amp;E) staining of paraffin-embedded bone marrow sections and peripheral blood (PB) smears from wild type <i>Hnrnpk<sup>+/</sup></i> mice diagnosed with myeloid hyperplasias. The scale bar for H&amp;E staining represents 50 μm and 25 μm for PB smears. (D) H&amp;E staining of paraffin-embedded splenic sections and PB smears from wild type and lymphoma burdened <i>Hnrnpk<sup>+/</sup></i> mice. (E) H&amp;E and immunohistochemical staining of malignant T-cell (CD3 positive, Bottom Panel) and B-cell (B220 positive, Top Panel) lymphomas in the liver of <i>Hnrnpk<sup>+/</sup></i> mice. (F) H&amp;E staining of paraffin-embedded liver sections from wild type and <i>Hnrnpk<sup>+/</sup></i> mice diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma. See also Figure S4.</div>
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<p> Figure 7. hnRNP K-mediated activation of cytokines… </p>
</strong>
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<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> Figure 7. hnRNP K-mediated activation of cytokines contributes to proliferation and differentiation phenotypes </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> (A) Cytokines… </p></div>
</div>
<figcaption id="figure-caption-6" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
<strong class="figure-label">
Figure 7. hnRNP K-mediated activation of cytokines contributes to proliferation and differentiation phenotypes
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents">(A) Cytokines array analysis of IL-3, IL-6, G-CSF and GM-CSF levels in the peripheral blood of wild type (n = 10) and <i>Hnrnpk<sup>+/</sup></i> mice (n = 9) diagnosed with myeloid hyperplasia (IL-3: p = 0.0002, IL-6: p = 0.0004, G-CSF: p = 0.0002, and GM-CSF: p = 0.0002). (B) Analyses of colony formation assays after 14 days using Lin-CD117+ hematopoietic stem cells from wild type (n = 8) and <i>Hnrnpk<sup>+/</sup></i> (n = 17) mice (number of colonies: p = 0.0078 and number of cells: p = 0.0001). All experiments were performed in triplicate. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. **p &lt; 0.01 and ***p &lt; 0.005. P-values were calculated using Mann-Whitney test. (C) Replating analysis of Lin-CD117+ hematopoietic stem cells from wild type (n = 5) and <i>Hnrnpk<sup>+/</sup></i> (n = 7) mice. Each passage was analyzed every 14 days. All experiments were performed in quadruplicate. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. (D) Flow cytometry analysis of CD45.1+ (host) and CD45.2+ (donor) in the transplanted host mice and B220+ and Ly6G+ cells within the CD45.2+ population. (E) CBC analysis of untransplanted NSG (control) mice and NSG mice transplanted with wild type or <i>Hnrnpk<sup>+/</sup></i> HSCs. (F) Wright's staining of peripheral blood (PB) smears from NSG mice transplanted with wild type or <i>Hnrnpk<sup>+/</sup></i> HSCs harboring malignant lymphoid cells. See also, Figure S5.</div>
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<p> Figure 8. <i> Hnrnpk </i> haploinsufficiency alters expression of… </p>
</strong>
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<p> Figure 8. <i> Hnrnpk </i> haploinsufficiency alters expression of genes controlling proliferation and differentiation </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> (A) Western blot… </p></div>
</div>
<figcaption id="figure-caption-7" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
<strong class="figure-label">
Figure 8. <i>Hnrnpk</i> haploinsufficiency alters expression of genes controlling proliferation and differentiation
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents">(A) Western blot analysis of C/EBPα and C/EBPβ from lysates of wild type and <i>Hnrnpk<sup>+/</sup></i> mice. Upper arrow denotes the p42 isoform of C/EBPα and the lower arrow marks the p30 isoform. β-actin serves as a loading control. (B) Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of <i>C/EBPα</i> and <i>C/EBPβ</i> levels from whole bone marrows of wild type (n = 8) and <i>Hnrnpk<sup>+/</sup></i> (n = 10) mice <i>(C/EBPα:</i> p = 0.042 and <i>C/EBPβ:</i> p = 0.020). (C) Quantitative RT-PCR analysis <i>of p21</i> levels in wild type (n = 8) and <i>Hnrnpk<sup>+/</sup></i> (n = 10) bone marrows (p = 0.0044). (D) Immunohistochemical analysis of phos-Y705Stat3 levels in the bone marrow wild type and <i>Hnrnpk<sup>+/</sup></i> mice diagnosed with myeloid hyperplasia. The scale bar represents 50 μm. (E) ChIP analysis of hnRNP K interacting with the <i>C/EBPα, C/EBPβ</i> and <i>p21</i> genes in wild type or <i>Hnrnpk<sup>+/</sup></i> tissues. Each rectangle represents the corresponding gene. The closed black box denoted the region harboring a putative hnRNP K binding sequence that is amplified by the corresponding primer sets. The “check-mark” denotes positive hnRNP K binding and the “X” denotes a lack of interaction. (F) Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of <i>TNFα</i> levels in spleens from wild type (n = 7) and tumor burdened <i>Hnrnpk<sup>+/</sup></i> (n = 5) mice (p = 0.0177). (G) H&amp;E staining and immunohistochemical analyses of B220, TNF<i>α</i>, and phos-Y705STAT3 expression in <i>Hnrnpk<sup>+/</sup></i> mice with malignant lymphoid infiltration in the liver. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. *p &lt; 0.05 and ***p &lt; 0.005. P-values were calculated using unpaired t and Mann-Whitney tests. See also Figure S6.</div>
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