nih-gov/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25642805/index.html

4474 lines
No EOL
192 KiB
HTML
Raw Permalink Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" >
<head itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WebPage" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#" >
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<!-- Mobile properties -->
<meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="True">
<meta name="MobileOptimized" content="320">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov">
<link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov">
<link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.google-analytics.com">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/277eb475-38df-4990-a0ee-0080b04e86fc/CACHE/css/output.ba8099dd2df4.css" type="text/css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/277eb475-38df-4990-a0ee-0080b04e86fc/CACHE/css/output.452c70ce66f7.css" type="text/css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/277eb475-38df-4990-a0ee-0080b04e86fc/CACHE/css/output.7bf600913d6e.css" type="text/css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/277eb475-38df-4990-a0ee-0080b04e86fc/CACHE/css/output.0bfa59184c7a.css" type="text/css">
<title>Eyes on MEGDEL: distinctive basal ganglia involvement in dystonia deafness syndrome - PubMed</title>
<link rel="preload" as="font" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/277eb475-38df-4990-a0ee-0080b04e86fc/uswds/dist/fonts/merriweather-bold-webfont.woff2" type="font/woff2" crossorigin />
<!-- Favicons -->
<link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/ico" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/favicons/favicon.ico" />
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/favicons/favicon.png" />
<!-- 192x192, as recommended for Android
http://updates.html5rocks.com/2014/11/Support-for-theme-color-in-Chrome-39-for-Android
-->
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="192x192" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/favicons/favicon-192.png" />
<!-- 57x57 (precomposed) for iPhone 3GS, pre-2011 iPod Touch and older Android devices -->
<link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/favicons/favicon-57.png">
<!-- 72x72 (precomposed) for 1st generation iPad, iPad 2 and iPad mini -->
<link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="72x72" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/favicons/favicon-72.png">
<!-- 114x114 (precomposed) for iPhone 4, 4S, 5 and post-2011 iPod Touch -->
<link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="114x114" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/favicons/favicon-114.png">
<!-- 144x144 (precomposed) for iPad 3rd and 4th generation -->
<link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="144x144" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/favicons/favicon-144.png">
<!-- For Pinger + Google Optimize integration (NS-820) -->
<meta name="ncbi_sg_optimize_id" content="">
<!-- Mobile browser address bar color -->
<meta name="theme-color" content="#20558a">
<!-- Preserve the Referrer when going from HTTPS to HTTP -->
<meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin">
<meta name="ncbi_pinger_gtm_track" content="true"/>
<!-- Logging params: Pinger defaults -->
<meta name="ncbi_app" content="pubmed" />
<meta name="ncbi_db" content="pubmed" />
<meta name="ncbi_phid" content="1B6900014F9DA1C500002B7157823E69.1.m_6" />
<meta name="ncbi_pinger_stat_url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/stat" />
<meta name="log_category" content="literature" />
<meta name="ncbi_cost_center" content="pubmed" />
<!-- Logging params: Pinger custom -->
<meta name="ncbi_pdid" content="abstract" />
<meta name="log_op" content="retrieve" />
<meta name="uid" content="25642805" />
<meta name="ncbi_uid" content="25642805" />
<meta name="log_displayeduids" content="25642805" />
<meta name="log_source_db" content="pubmed" />
<meta name="log_icons_present" content="true" />
<meta name="ncbi_search_id" content="YeH2lFbDPwGYI0a1U-ZadA:32eccdd8aed077c87ae1fdf91b4e7216" />
<meta name="ncbi_adj_nav_search_id" content="ZM08IJlaDgfb5XXkiBQNBg:c2b212f0cf9ab0cd5428261f05e4d45a" />
<!-- Social meta tags for unfurling urls -->
<meta name="description" content="Pediatric movement disorders are still a diagnostic challenge, as many patients remain without a (genetic) diagnosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pattern recognition can lead to the diagnosis. MEGDEL syndrome (3-MethylGlutaconic aciduria, Deafness, Encephalopathy, Leigh-like syndrome MIM #61473 …"><meta name="keywords" content="pmid:25642805, doi:10.1055/s-0034-1399755, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov&#x27;t, Saskia B Wortmann, Peter M van Hasselt, Michel A Willemsen, Basal Ganglia / pathology*, Child, Preschool, Deafness / complications, Deafness / genetics, Deafness / pathology*, Disease Progression, Dystonic Disorders / complications, Dystonic Disorders / genetics, Dystonic Disorders / pathology*, Humans, Infant, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Mitochondrial Diseases / complications, Mitochondrial Diseases / pathology*, Putamen / pathology, Syndrome, PubMed Abstract, NIH, NLM, NCBI, National Institutes of Health, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, MEDLINE"><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive"><meta property="og:title" content="Eyes on MEGDEL: distinctive basal ganglia involvement in dystonia deafness syndrome - PubMed"><meta property="og:url" content="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25642805/"><meta property="og:description" content="Pediatric movement disorders are still a diagnostic challenge, as many patients remain without a (genetic) diagnosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pattern recognition can lead to the diagnosis. MEGDEL syndrome (3-MethylGlutaconic aciduria, Deafness, Encephalopathy, Leigh-like syndrome MIM #61473 …"><meta property="og:image" content="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/persistent/pubmed-meta-image-v2.jpg"><meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/persistent/pubmed-meta-image-v2.jpg"><meta property="og:type" content="website"><meta property="og:site_name" content="PubMed"><meta name="twitter:domain" content="pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><meta name="twitter:title" content="Eyes on MEGDEL: distinctive basal ganglia involvement in dystonia deafness syndrome - PubMed"><meta name="twitter:url" content="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25642805/"><meta name="twitter:description" content="Pediatric movement disorders are still a diagnostic challenge, as many patients remain without a (genetic) diagnosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pattern recognition can lead to the diagnosis. MEGDEL syndrome (3-MethylGlutaconic aciduria, Deafness, Encephalopathy, Leigh-like syndrome MIM #61473 …"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/persistent/pubmed-meta-image-v2.jpg">
<!-- OpenSearch XML -->
<link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/persistent/opensearch.xml" title="PubMed search">
<!-- Disables severely broken elements when no JS -->
<noscript>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/277eb475-38df-4990-a0ee-0080b04e86fc/core/no-script.css">
</noscript>
<meta name="citation_title" content="Eyes on MEGDEL: distinctive basal ganglia involvement in dystonia deafness syndrome">
<meta name="citation_authors" content="Wortmann SB;van Hasselt PM;Barić I;Burlina A;Darin N;Hörster F;Coker M;Ucar SK;Krumina Z;Naess K;Ngu LH;Pronicka E;Riordan G;Santer R;Wassmer E;Zschocke J;Schiff M;de Meirleir L;Alowain MA;Smeitink JA;Morava E;Kozicz T;Wevers RA;Wolf NI;Willemsen MA;">
<meta name="citation_date" content="2015 Apr">
<meta name="citation_publisher" content="Neuropediatrics">
<meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Neuropediatrics">
<meta name="citation_pmid" content="25642805">
<meta name="citation_abstract_html_url" content="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25642805/">
<meta name="citation_volume" content="46">
<meta name="citation_issue" content="2">
<meta name="citation_doi" content="10.1055/s-0034-1399755">
<meta name="citation_issn" content="1439-1899">
<link rel="canonical" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25642805/" />
</head>
<body >
<noscript>
<div class="no-script-banner" id="no-script-banner">
<div class="warning-message">
<div class="warning-message-text">
This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features!
</div>
</div>
</div>
</noscript>
<div class="no-session-banner" id="no-session-banner" hidden>
<div class="warning-message">
<div class="warning-message-text">
Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable.
</div>
<button class="close-banner-button"
title="Close Clipboard and Search History not available warning banner"
ref="linksrc=close_no_session_banner"
aria-controls="no-session-banner"
aria-label="Close Clipboard and Search History not available warning banner"
aria-expanded="true">
</button>
</div>
</div>
<a class="usa-skipnav" href="#article-details">
Skip to main page content
</a>
<!-- ========== BEGIN HEADER ========== -->
<section class="usa-banner">
<div class="usa-accordion">
<header class="usa-banner-header">
<div class="usa-grid usa-banner-inner">
<img src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/favicons/favicon-57.png" alt="U.S. flag" />
<p>An official website of the United States government</p>
<button
class="usa-accordion-button usa-banner-button"
aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="gov-banner-top"
>
<span class="usa-banner-button-text">Here's how you know</span>
</button>
</div>
</header>
<div
class="usa-banner-content usa-grid usa-accordion-content"
id="gov-banner-top"
>
<div class="usa-banner-guidance-gov usa-width-one-half">
<img
class="usa-banner-icon usa-media_block-img"
src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-dot-gov.svg"
alt="Dot gov"
/>
<div class="usa-media_block-body">
<p>
<strong>The .gov means its official.</strong>
<br />
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before
sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal
government site.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="usa-banner-guidance-ssl usa-width-one-half">
<img
class="usa-banner-icon usa-media_block-img"
src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-https.svg"
alt="Https"
/>
<div class="usa-media_block-body">
<p>
<strong>The site is secure.</strong>
<br />
The <strong>https://</strong> ensures that you are connecting to the
official website and that any information you provide is encrypted
and transmitted securely.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<div class="usa-overlay"></div>
<header class="ncbi-header" role="banner" data-section="Header">
<div class="usa-grid">
<div class="usa-width-one-whole">
<div class="ncbi-header__logo">
<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" class="logo" aria-label="NCBI Logo" data-ga-action="click_image" data-ga-label="NIH NLM Logo">
<img src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/logos/AgencyLogo.svg" alt="NIH NLM Logo" />
</a>
</div>
<div class="ncbi-header__account">
<a id="account_login" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov" class="usa-button header-button" style="display:none" data-ga-action="open_menu" data-ga-label="account_menu">Log in</a>
<button id="account_info" class="header-button" style="display:none"
aria-controls="account_popup">
<span class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="username desktop-only" aria-hidden="true" id="uname_short"></span>
<span class="sr-only">Show account info</span>
</button>
</div>
<div class="ncbi-popup-anchor">
<div class="ncbi-popup account-popup" id="account_popup" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="ncbi-popup-head">
<button class="ncbi-close-button" data-ga-action="close_menu" data-ga-label="account_menu"><span class="fa fa-times"></span><span class="usa-sr-only">Close</span></button>
<h4>Account</h4>
</div>
<div class="account-user-info">
Logged in as:<br/>
<b><span class="username" id="uname_long">username</span></b>
</div>
<div class="account-links">
<ul class="usa-unstyled-list">
<li><a id="account_myncbi" href="/myncbi/" class="set-base-url" data-ga-action="click_menu_item" data-ga-label="account_myncbi">Dashboard</a></li>
<li><a id="account_pubs" href="/myncbi/collections/bibliography/" class="set-base-url" data-ga-action="click_menu_item" data-ga-label="account_pubs">Publications</a></li>
<li><a id="account_settings" href="/account/settings/" class="set-base-url" data-ga-action="click_menu_item" data-ga-label="account_settings">Account settings</a></li>
<li><a id="account_logout" href="/account/signout/" class="set-base-url" data-ga-action="click_menu_item" data-ga-label="account_logout">Log out</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<div role="navigation" aria-label="access keys">
<a id="nws_header_accesskey_0" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/browsers/#ncbi_accesskeys" class="usa-sr-only" accesskey="0" tabindex="-1">Access keys</a>
<a id="nws_header_accesskey_1" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov" class="usa-sr-only" accesskey="1" tabindex="-1">NCBI Homepage</a>
<a id="nws_header_accesskey_2" href="/myncbi/" class="set-base-url usa-sr-only" accesskey="2" tabindex="-1">MyNCBI Homepage</a>
<a id="nws_header_accesskey_3" href="#maincontent" class="usa-sr-only" accesskey="3" tabindex="-1">Main Content</a>
<a id="nws_header_accesskey_4" href="#" class="usa-sr-only" accesskey="4" tabindex="-1">Main Navigation</a>
</div>
<section data-section="Alerts">
<div class="ncbi-alerts-placeholder"></div>
</section>
<!-- ========== END HEADER ========== -->
<a id="maincontent" aria-label="Main page content below" role="navigation"></a>
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="d43RZ5Cu4kiqrdnkRnT3p806eDmVf6bbuRNWCV5QEV5UlEtauGw5TgwKMH478HJv">
<form action="/" method="get" autocomplete="off" class="usa-search usa-search-big search-form content-page-layout" id="search-form" role="search">
<div class="inner-wrap">
<a class="pubmed-logo"
aria-label="Pubmed Logo"
href="/"
data-ga-category="featured_link"
data-ga-action="pubmed_logo">
<img src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/277eb475-38df-4990-a0ee-0080b04e86fc/core/images/pubmed-logo-blue.svg" alt="pubmed logo" />
</a>
<a href="#" class="search-input-trigger" data-alt-title="Hide search bar" title="Show search bar" aria-label="Show search bar">
</a>
<div role="search" class="search-input">
<div class="form-field ">
<label class="usa-sr-only" for="id_term">
Search:
</label>
<input
type="search"
name="term"
data-skip-ie-scroll-to-top=""
data-replace-term-with-exact=""
data-exact-query=""
placeholder=""
class="term-input"
required="required"
id="id_term"/><a href="#" class="clear-btn" aria-label="Clear search input" title="Clear search input" role="button" data-pinger-ignore></a><button type="submit" class="search-btn" aria-label="Search" disabled data-pinger-ignore><span class="usa-search-submit-text">Search</span></button>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Create alert and Create RSS are buttons that look like links -->
<!-- Better for them to look like buttons but no space -->
<div class="search-links-wrapper content-page-layout">
<div class="search-links">
<a href="/advanced/"
class="search-input-link adv-search-link"
data-ga-category="featured_link"
data-ga-action="adv_search">Advanced</a>
<a href="/clipboard/"
class="search-input-link clipboard-link hidden"
data-ga-category="featured_link"
data-ga-action="clipboard">
Clipboard <span class="amount-in-clipboard"></span>
</a>
</div>
<span class="search-input-link user-guide-link" role="navigation" aria-label="User guide">
<a href="/help/"
data-ga-category="featured_link"
data-ga-action="user_guide">
User Guide
</a>
</span>
</div>
</div>
</form>
<div id="article-page-header">
<div id="article-top-actions-bar" class="article-top-actions-bar">
<div class="inner-wrap">
<div class="actions-container">
<div class="return-to-search">
</div>
<div class="multiple-results-actions " role="region" aria-label="save, email, send to">
<button id="save-results-panel-trigger"
type="button"
class="save-results save-results-panel-trigger"
aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="save-action-panel"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="save"
data-ga-label="open">
Save
</button><button id="email-results-panel-trigger"
type="button"
class="email-results email-results-panel-trigger"
aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="email-action-panel"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="email"
data-ga-label="open">
Email
</button><div class="more-actions dropdown-block"><button id="more-actions-trigger"
type="button"
class="trigger more-actions-trigger"
ref="linksrc=show_moreactions_btn"
aria-label="Send to"
aria-controls="more-actions-dropdown">Send to</button><div id="more-actions-dropdown" class="dropdown dropdown-container" hidden><div class="content"><ul class="more-actions-links"><li><a class="clipboard-panel-trigger dropdown-block-link "
href="#"
role="button"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="clipboard"
data-ga-label="send">
Clipboard
</a></li><li><a role="button" class="dropdown-block-link bibliography-trigger-target" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F25642805%2F%23open-bibliography-panel">My Bibliography</a></li><li><a role="button" class="dropdown-block-link collections-trigger-target" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F25642805%2F%23open-collections-panel">Collections</a></li><li><a role="button" class="citation-manager-panel-trigger dropdown-block-link citation-manager-trigger-target" href="#">Citation manager</a></li></ul></div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-options" data-format-key="format"
data-default-format-value="abstract"
data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region">
<button
class="trigger usa-button"
title="Change format"
data-ga-category="display_options"
data-ga-action="display_options_dialog">
<span class="button-label">Display options</span>
</button>
<div class="dropdown" hidden>
<div class="title">
Display options
</div>
<div class="content">
<div class="format-container">
<span class="option-label">
Format
</span>
<select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="article-display-format">
<option value="abstract">Abstract</option>
<option value="pubmed">PubMed</option>
<option value="pmid">PMID</option>
</select>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="d43RZ5Cu4kiqrdnkRnT3p806eDmVf6bbuRNWCV5QEV5UlEtauGw5TgwKMH478HJv">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="article-panels-container" class="article-panels-container">
<div id="save-action-panel" class="save-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="inner-wrap">
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
Save citation to file
</h2>
<form id="save-action-panel-form"
class="action-panel-content action-form"
action="/results-export-ids/"
data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/"
data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/"
method="post"
data-by-search-method="post"
data-by-ids-method="post">
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="d43RZ5Cu4kiqrdnkRnT3p806eDmVf6bbuRNWCV5QEV5UlEtauGw5TgwKMH478HJv">
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label for="save-action-format" class="action-panel-label">
Format:
</label>
<select id="save-action-format" name="results-format" class="action-panel-selector">
<option value="summary-text">Summary (text)</option>
<option value="pubmed-text">PubMed</option>
<option value="pmid">PMID</option>
<option value="abstract">Abstract (text)</option>
<option value="csv">CSV</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-actions">
<button class="action-panel-submit"
type="submit"
data-loading-label="Saving..."
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="save"
data-ga-label="save">
Create file
</button>
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
aria-label="Close 'Save citations to file' panel"
ref="linksrc=close_save_panel"
aria-controls="save-action-panel"
aria-expanded="false"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="save"
data-ga-label="cancel">
Cancel
</button>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
<div id="email-action-panel"
class="email-action-panel action-panel"
aria-hidden="true"
data-recaptcha-script-url="https://www.recaptcha.net/recaptcha/enterprise.js?render=explicit&onload=onloadCaptchaCallback"
data-recaptcha-enabled="true">
<div class="inner-wrap">
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
Email citation
</h2>
<form id="email-action-panel-form"
class="action-panel-content action-form"
action="/send-email/"
data-by-search-action="/results-export-email-by-search-data/"
data-by-ids-action="/send-email/"
data-by-search-method="post"
data-by-ids-method="post"
method="post"
>
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="d43RZ5Cu4kiqrdnkRnT3p806eDmVf6bbuRNWCV5QEV5UlEtauGw5TgwKMH478HJv">
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<span class="action-panel-label">
Subject:
</span>
<span class="email-subject" id="email-subject" aria-label="Email subject">1 selected item: 25642805 - PubMed</span>
<input type="hidden" name="email-subject" value="1 selected item: 25642805"/>
<input type="hidden" name="email-subject-hash" value="e78fe738692b05e0fe0f6861504cb7667511d7a26cdb05800742d6371638c7fe"/>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label for="email-to" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
To:
</label>
<input type="email" aria-label="Recipient Email Address" placeholder="email@example.com" id="email-to" class="email-to" pattern="^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$" maxlength="100" required>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label for="email-from" class="action-panel-label">
From:
</label>
<input type="email" aria-label="Sender Email Address" placeholder="email@example.com" id="email-from" class="email-from" pattern="^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$" maxlength="256">
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label for="email-citation-format" class="action-panel-label">
Format:
</label>
<select id="email-citation-format" name="citation-format" class="action-panel-selector email-citation-format">
<option selected="selected" value="summary">Summary</option>
<option value="summary-text">Summary (text)</option>
<option value="abstract">Abstract</option>
<option value="abstract-text">Abstract (text)</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="include-supplemental-container">
<input type="checkbox" aria-label="Include MeSH and other data" name="include-supplemental" id="email-include-supplemental" class="email-include-supplemental">
<label for="email-include-supplemental" class="email-include-supplemental-label">MeSH and other data</label>
</div>
<div class="form-field recaptcha ">
<div class="g-recaptcha" id="id-recaptcha" data-sitekey="6LfsWHMdAAAAAClKbtOpjQ2pMjgsGxvv7NdZW9uI"></div>
</div>
<div id="captcha-error-message" class="usa-input-error-message captcha-validation-message" role="alert"></div>
<div class="action-panel-actions">
<button class="action-panel-submit"
type="submit"
data-loading-label="Sending..."
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="email"
data-ga-label="send">
Send email
</button>
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
aria-label="Close 'Email citations' panel"
ref="linksrc=close_email_panel"
aria-controls="email-action-panel"
aria-expanded="false"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="email"
data-ga-label="cancel">
Cancel
</button>
</div>
<input type="hidden" name="email-search-details" value="" />
<input type="hidden" name="email-search-details-hash" value="0e42663a6c3bd85498fcb88798998fed7bfdc45d457db35281e41afe13cc0524" />
</form>
</div>
</div>
<div id="collections-action-panel"
class="collections-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel"
aria-hidden="true"
data-collections-open-panel-enabled="false"
data-collections-open-panel-url-hash="#open-collections-panel">
<div class="inner-wrap">
<h3 class="action-panel-heading">
Add to Collections
</h3>
<form id="collections-action-panel-form"
class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/"
data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/"
data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/"
data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/"
data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100"
data-add-to-collection-max-amount="1000"
data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/">
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="d43RZ5Cu4kiqrdnkRnT3p806eDmVf6bbuRNWCV5QEV5UlEtauGw5TgwKMH478HJv">
<div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup">
<ul class="radio-group-items">
<li>
<input type="radio"
id="collections-action-panel-new"
class="collections-new"
name="collections"
value="new"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="collections"
data-ga-label="collections_radio_new">
<label for="collections-action-panel-new">Create a new collection</label>
</li>
<li>
<input type="radio"
id="collections-action-panel-existing"
class="collections-existing"
name="collections"
value="existing"
checked="true"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="collections"
data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing">
<label for="collections-action-panel-existing">Add to an existing collection</label>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="controls-wrapper">
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls">
<label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
Name your collection:
</label>
<input
type="text"
name="add-to-new-collection"
id="collections-action-panel-add-to-new"
class="collections-action-add-to-new"
pattern="[^&quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: &quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;/"
maxlength="100"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="create_collection"
data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection">
<div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
Name must be less than 100 characters
</div>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls">
<label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label">
Choose a collection:
</label>
<select id="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing"
class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="select_collection"
data-ga-label="($('#collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'">
</select>
<div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
Unable to load your collection due to an error<br>
<a href="#">Please try again</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-actions">
<button class="action-panel-submit"
type="submit"
data-loading-label="Adding..."
data-pinger-ignore
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="collections"
data-ga-label="add">
Add
</button>
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel"
ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel"
aria-controls="collections-action-panel"
aria-expanded="false"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="collections"
data-ga-label="cancel">
Cancel
</button>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
<div id="bibliography-action-panel"
class="bibliography-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel"
aria-hidden="true"
data-bibliography-open-panel-enabled="false"
data-bibliography-open-panel-url-hash="#open-bibliography-panel">
<div class="inner-wrap">
<h3 class="action-panel-heading">
Add to My Bibliography
</h3>
<form id="bibliography-action-panel-form"
class="bibliography-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
data-add-to-bibliography-max-amount="100"
data-add-to-bibliography-batch-size="10"
data-bibliography-delegates-url="/list-bibliography-delegates/"
data-add-to-bibliography-url="/add-to-bibliography/"
data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/"
data-mybib-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/mybibliography/">
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="d43RZ5Cu4kiqrdnkRnT3p806eDmVf6bbuRNWCV5QEV5UlEtauGw5TgwKMH478HJv">
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap bibliographies-controls">
<div class="choice-group">
<ul class="bibliographies-action-add radio-group-items">
<li>
<input name="bibliography" id="my-bibliography" class="my-bibliography" type="radio" checked/>
<label for="my-bibliography">My Bibliography</label>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="bibliographies-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
Unable to load your delegates due to an error<br>
<a href="#">Please try again</a>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-actions">
<button class="action-panel-submit"
type="submit"
data-loading-label="Adding..."
data-pinger-ignore>
Add
</button>
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
aria-label="Close 'Add to bibliography' panel"
ref="linksrc=close_bibliography_panel"
aria-controls="bibliography-action-panel"
aria-expanded="false"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="mybib"
data-ga-label="cancel">
Cancel
</button>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
<div id="saved-search-action-panel" class="saved-search-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true"
data-saved-search-open-panel-enabled="false"
data-saved-search-open-panel-url-hash="#open-saved-search-panel">
<div class="inner-wrap">
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
Your saved search
</h2>
<form id="saved-search-action-panel-form"
class="saved-search-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form"
data-create-saved-search-url="/create-saved-search/"
data-try-search-terms-url="/try-search-term/"
data-saved-search-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/searches/">
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="d43RZ5Cu4kiqrdnkRnT3p806eDmVf6bbuRNWCV5QEV5UlEtauGw5TgwKMH478HJv">
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label for="saved-search-name" class="action-panel-label saved-search-name-label required-field-asterisk">
Name of saved search:
</label>
<input maxlength="200"
type="text"
name="saved-search-name"
id="saved-search-name"
class="saved-search-name"
value=""
required
pattern="[^&quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: &quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;/">
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label for="saved-search-term" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
Search terms:
</label>
<textarea name="saved-search-term" id="saved-search-term" class="saved-search-term" required></textarea>
</div>
<div class="test-search-term-wrap">
<a href="#" class="try-search-term">Test search terms</a>
</div>
<div class="choice-group action-panel-extra-margin-top">
<span class="action-panel-label" id="fieldset-label">
Would you like email updates of new search results?
</span>
<fieldset id="saved-search-alert" aria-describedby="fieldset-label">
<legend class="usa-sr-only">Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons</legend>
<ul class="radio-group-items">
<li>
<input type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-yes" class="saved-search-alert-yes" name="saved-search-alert" value="yes" checked>
<label for="saved-search-alert-yes" class="action-panel-label">Yes</label>
</li>
<li>
<input aria-label="No radio input" type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-no" class="saved-search-alert-no" name="saved-search-alert" value="no">
<label for="saved-search-alert-no" class="action-panel-label">No</label>
</li>
</ul>
</fieldset>
</div>
<div class="alert-schedule-wrap">
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label class="action-panel-label">
Email:
</label>
<span aria-label="Email address" id="saved-search-email" class="action-panel-label"><span class="action-panel-label-bold"></span> (<a class="myncbi-account-settings" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/">change</a>)</span>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top">
<label for="saved-search-frequency" class="action-panel-label">
Frequency:
</label>
<select id="saved-search-frequency" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-frequency">
<option value="monthly">Monthly</option>
<option value="weekly">Weekly</option>
<option value="daily">Daily</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-monthly-additional">
<label for="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="action-panel-label">
Which day?
</label>
<select id="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector">
<option value="Sunday">The first Sunday</option>
<option value="Monday">The first Monday</option>
<option value="Tuesday">The first Tuesday</option>
<option value="Wednesday">The first Wednesday</option>
<option value="Thursday">The first Thursday</option>
<option value="Friday">The first Friday</option>
<option value="Saturday">The first Saturday</option>
<option value="day">The first day</option>
<option value="weekday">The first weekday</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-weekly-additional">
<label for="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="action-panel-label">
Which day?
</label>
<select id="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-weekly-on-day">
<option value="Sunday">Sunday</option>
<option value="Monday">Monday</option>
<option value="Tuesday">Tuesday</option>
<option value="Wednesday">Wednesday</option>
<option value="Thursday">Thursday</option>
<option value="Friday">Friday</option>
<option value="Saturday">Saturday</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label for="saved-search-report" class="action-panel-label">
Report format:
</label>
<select id="saved-search-report" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-report">
<option value="DocSum">Summary</option>
<option value="DocSumText">Summary (text)</option>
<option value="Abstract">Abstract</option>
<option value="AbstractText">Abstract (text)</option>
<option value="MEDLINE">PubMed</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label for="saved-search-amount" class="action-panel-label">
Send at most:
</label>
<select id="saved-search-amount" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-amount">
<option value="1">1 item</option>
<option value="5" selected>5 items</option>
<option value="10">10 items</option>
<option value="20">20 items</option>
<option value="50">50 items</option>
<option value="100">100 items</option>
<option value="200">200 items</option>
</select>
</div>
<div>
<input type="checkbox" id="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="saved-search-send-if-no-result" name="saved-search-send-if-no-result">
<label for="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="action-panel-label smaller-checkbox">
Send even when there aren't any new results
</label>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap option-text-in-email-wrap">
<label for="saved-search-email-text" class="action-panel-label">
Optional text in email:
</label>
<textarea name="saved-search-email-text"
id="saved-search-email-text"
class="saved-search-email-text"></textarea>
</div>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-actions">
<button class="action-panel-submit"
type="submit"
data-loading-label="Saving..."
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="alert"
data-ga-label="save">
Save
</button>
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
aria-label="Close 'Your saved search' panel"
ref="linksrc=close_saved_search_panel"
aria-controls="saved-search-action-panel"
aria-expanded="false"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="alert"
data-ga-label="cancel">
Cancel
</button>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
<div id="citation-manager-action-panel" class="citation-manager-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="inner-wrap">
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
Create a file for external citation management software
</h2>
<form id="citation-manager-action-panel-form"
class="action-panel-content action-form"
action="/results-export-ids/"
data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/"
data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/"
method="post"
data-by-search-method="post"
data-by-ids-method="post">
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="d43RZ5Cu4kiqrdnkRnT3p806eDmVf6bbuRNWCV5QEV5UlEtauGw5TgwKMH478HJv">
<input name="results-format" type="hidden" value="pubmed"/>
<div class="action-panel-actions">
<button class="action-panel-submit"
type="submit"
data-loading-label="Sending..."
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="citation_manager"
data-ga-label="save">
Create file
</button>
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
aria-label="Close 'Send citations to citation manager' panel"
ref="linksrc=close_citation_manager_panel"
aria-controls="citation-manager-action-panel"
aria-expanded="false"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="citation_manager"
data-ga-label="cancel">
Cancel
</button>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
<div id="rss-action-panel" class="rss-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true">
<div class="inner-wrap">
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
Your RSS Feed
</h2>
<form id="rss-action-panel-form"
class="rss-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form"
data-create-rss-feed-url="/create-rss-feed-url/"
data-search-form-term-value="">
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="d43RZ5Cu4kiqrdnkRnT3p806eDmVf6bbuRNWCV5QEV5UlEtauGw5TgwKMH478HJv">
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label for="rss-name" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
Name of RSS Feed:
</label>
<input maxlength="200"
placeholder="Name"
type="text"
name="rss-name"
id="rss-name"
class="rss-name"
value=''
required
pattern="[^&quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: &quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;/">
</div>
<div class="rss-limit-wrap">
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top">
<label for="rss-limit" class="action-panel-label">
Number of items displayed:
</label>
<select id="rss-limit" class="no-border-panel-selector rss-limit">
<option value="5">5</option>
<option value="10">10</option>
<option value="15" selected="selected">15</option>
<option value="20">20</option>
<option value="50">50</option>
<option value="100">100</option>
</select>
</div>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-actions">
<button class="action-panel-submit"
type="submit"
data-loading-label="Creating..."
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="alert"
data-ga-label="save">
Create RSS
</button>
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
aria-label="Close 'Your RSS' panel"
ref="linksrc=close_rss_panel"
aria-controls="rss-action-panel"
aria-expanded="false"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="alert"
data-ga-label="cancel">
Cancel
</button>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap rss-link-copy-wrap">
<label for="rss-link" class="usa-sr-only">RSS Link</label>
<input placeholder="Your RSS Feed Link" type="text" name="rss-link" id="rss-link" class="rss-link" title="RSS Link">
<button
type="button"
disabled
class="rss-link-copy-button disabled"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="rss"
data-ga-label="copy">
Copy
</button>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="article-page" id="article-page" data-article-pmid="25642805">
<aside class="page-sidebar">
<div class="inner-wrap">
<div class="full-text-links">
<div class="full-view">
<h3 class="title">
Full text links
</h3>
<div class="full-text-links-list">
<a class="link-item
dialog-focus"
href="https://www.thieme-connect.com/DOI/DOI?10.1055/s-0034-1399755"
target="_blank"
rel="noopener"
ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&amp;is_pmc=False&amp;PrId=3400&amp;itool=Abstract-def&amp;log$=linkouticon&amp;uid=25642805&amp;db=pubmed&amp;nlmid=8101187"
title="See full text options at Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart, New York"
data-ga-category="full_text"
data-ga-action="Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart, New York"
data-ga-label="25642805"
><img src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/query/egifs/https:--cdn.thieme.de-thiemede-Thieme-Connect_NO%20FREE_LinkOut_Logo120x30.jpg" alt="Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart, New York full text link"><span class="text">
Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart, New York
</span></a><a class="link-item
"
href="https://core.ac.uk/reader/80800639?utm_source=linkout"
target="_blank"
rel="noopener"
ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&amp;is_pmc=False&amp;PrId=10178&amp;itool=Abstract-nondef&amp;log$=linkouticon&amp;uid=25642805&amp;db=pubmed&amp;nlmid=8101187"
title="See full text options at CORE"
data-ga-category="full_text"
data-ga-action="CORE"
data-ga-label="25642805"
><img src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/query/egifs/https:--core.ac.uk-resources-pmc-linkout-button.png" alt="CORE full text link"><span class="text">
CORE
</span></a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="short-view">
<a href="#" class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger">
Full text links
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="actions-buttons sidebar"><h3 class="title">Actions</h3><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger"
aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="cite"
data-ga-label="open"
data-all-citations-url="/25642805/citations/"
data-citation-style="nlm"
data-pubmed-format-link="/25642805/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><link type="text/css" href="ncbi-overlay-block/src/overlay-block.css"><div class="collections-button-container" data-article-id="25642805" data-article-db="pubmed"><button class="collections-button collections-dialog-trigger"
aria-label="Save article in MyNCBI collections."
data-ga-category="collections_button"
data-ga-action="click"
data-ga-label="collections_button"
data-collections-open-dialog-enabled="false"
data-collections-open-dialog-url="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F25642805%2F%23open-collections-dialog"
data-in-collections="false"><span class="button-label">Collections</span></button><div class="overlay" role="dialog"><div id="collections-action-dialog"
class="dialog collections-dialog"
aria-hidden="true"><div class="title">Add to Collections</div><div class="collections-action-panel action-panel"><form id="collections-action-dialog-form"
class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/"
data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/"
data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/"
data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100"
data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/"><input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="d43RZ5Cu4kiqrdnkRnT3p806eDmVf6bbuRNWCV5QEV5UlEtauGw5TgwKMH478HJv"><div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup"><ul class="radio-group-items"><li><input type="radio"
id="collections-action-dialog-new"
class="collections-new"
name="collections"
value="new"
data-ga-category="collections_button"
data-ga-action="click"
data-ga-label="collections_radio_new"><label for="collections-action-dialog-new">Create a new collection</label></li><li><input type="radio"
id="collections-action-dialog-existing"
class="collections-existing"
name="collections"
value="existing"
checked="true"
data-ga-category="collections_button"
data-ga-action="click"
data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing"><label for="collections-action-dialog-existing">Add to an existing collection</label></li></ul></div><div class="controls-wrapper"><div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
Name your collection:
</label><input
type="text"
name="add-to-new-collection"
id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new"
class="collections-action-add-to-new"
pattern="[^&quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: &quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;/"
maxlength="100"
data-ga-category="collections_button"
data-ga-action="create_collection"
data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"><div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
Name must be less than 100 characters
</div></div><div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label">
Choose a collection:
</label><select id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing"
class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing"
data-ga-category="collections_button"
data-ga-action="select_collection"
data-ga-label="($('.collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"></select><div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
Unable to load your collection due to an error<br><a href="#">Please try again</a></div></div></div><div class="action-panel-actions"><button class="action-panel-submit"
type="submit"
data-loading-label="Adding..."
data-pinger-ignore
data-ga-category="collections_button"
data-ga-action="click"
data-ga-label="add">
Add
</button><button class="action-panel-cancel"
aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel"
ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel"
aria-controls="collections-action-panel"
aria-expanded="false"
data-ga-category="collections_button"
data-ga-action="click"
data-ga-label="cancel">
Cancel
</button></div></form></div></div></div></div><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger"
title="Open dialog with more actions to take"
ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" data-format-key="format"
data-default-format-value="abstract"
data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"><button
class="trigger usa-button"
title="Change format"
data-ga-category="display_options"
data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"><span class="button-label">Display options</span></button><div class="dropdown" hidden><div class="title">
Display options
</div><div class="content"><div class="format-container"><span class="option-label">
Format
</span><select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="sidebar-actions-display-format"><option value="abstract">Abstract</option><option value="pubmed">PubMed</option><option value="pmid">PMID</option></select></div></div></div></div></div></div>
<div class="social-sharing">
<h3 class="title">
Share
</h3>
<ul class="social-sharing-links usa-unstyled-list">
<li>
<a href="http://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Eyes%20on%20MEGDEL%3A%20distinctive%20basal%20ganglia%20involvement%20in%20dystonia%20deafness%20syndrome%20https%3A//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25642805/"
class="share-link share-link-twitter"
rel="noreferrer noopener"
target="Pubmed-Social-Media-Share-Popup"
title="Share article on Twitter"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="social"
data-ga-label="twitter"></a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25642805/"
class="share-link share-link-facebook"
rel="noreferrer noopener"
target="Pubmed-Social-Media-Share-Popup"
title="Share article on Facebook"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="social"
data-ga-label="fb"></a>
</li>
<li>
<div class="share-permalink">
<button class="trigger"
title="Show article permalink"
ref="linksrc=show_permalink_btn">
</button>
<div class="dropdown" hidden>
<div class="title">
Permalink
</div>
<div class="content">
<input type="text"
class="permalink-text"
value="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25642805/"
aria-label="Article permalink"/><button class="permalink-copy-button usa-button-primary"
title="Copy article permalink"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="link"
data-ga-label="copy_link"><span class="button-title">Copy</span></button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<nav class="page-navigator" role="navigation" aria-label="Page navigation">
<div class="full-view">
<h3 class="title">
Page navigation
</h3>
<ul class="items-list">
<li class="heading ">
<a href="#heading"
aria-label="navigate to Title &amp; authors section"
data-ga-category="page_nav"
data-ga-action="heading">
Title &amp; authors
</a>
</li>
<li class="abstract ">
<a href="#abstract"
aria-label="navigate to Abstract section"
data-ga-category="page_nav"
data-ga-action="abstract">
Abstract
</a>
</li>
<li class="similar ">
<a href="#similar"
aria-label="navigate to Similar articles section"
data-ga-category="page_nav"
data-ga-action="similar">
Similar articles
</a>
</li>
<li class="citedby ">
<a href="#citedby"
aria-label="navigate to Cited by section"
data-ga-category="page_nav"
data-ga-action="citedby">
Cited by
</a>
</li>
<li class="publication-types ">
<a href="#publication-types"
aria-label="navigate to Publication types section"
data-ga-category="page_nav"
data-ga-action="publication-types">
Publication types
</a>
</li>
<li class="mesh-terms ">
<a href="#mesh-terms"
aria-label="navigate to MeSH terms section"
data-ga-category="page_nav"
data-ga-action="mesh-terms">
MeSH terms
</a>
</li>
<li class="related-links ">
<a href="#related-links"
aria-label="navigate to Related information section"
data-ga-category="page_nav"
data-ga-action="related-links">
Related information
</a>
</li>
<li class="linkout ">
<a href="#linkout"
aria-label="navigate to LinkOut - more resources section"
data-ga-category="page_nav"
data-ga-action="linkout">
LinkOut - more resources
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<select class="short-view" autocomplete="off" title="navigate to selected section" aria-label="Navigate to page section">
<option value="heading">Title &amp; authors</option>
<option value="abstract">Abstract</option>
<option value="similar">Similar articles</option>
<option value="citedby">Cited by</option>
<option value="publication-types">Publication types</option>
<option value="mesh-terms">MeSH terms</option>
<option value="related-links">Related information</option>
<option value="linkout">LinkOut - more resources</option>
</select>
</nav>
</div>
</aside>
<main class="article-details" id="article-details">
<!-- "Filters applied" shows only when page is redirected from search -->
<!-- because search found one result -->
<header class="heading" id="heading">
<div class="full-view" id="full-view-heading">
<div class="article-citation">
<div class="article-source">
<div class="journal-actions dropdown-block"><button id="full-view-journal-trigger"
class="journal-actions-trigger trigger"
ref="linksrc=journal_actions_btn"
title="Neuropediatrics"
tabindex="0"
aria-controls="full-view-journal"
aria-expanded="false"
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for journal Neuropediatrics"
data-pinger-ignore>
Neuropediatrics
</button><div id="full-view-journal"
class="journal-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
hidden
aria-label="Dropdown menu for journal Neuropediatrics"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="journal-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
href="/?term=%22Neuropediatrics%22%5Bjour%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
data-href="/?term=%22Neuropediatrics%22%5Bjour%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_journal_name_link&amp;journal_abbrev=Neuropediatrics"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="journal_link"
data-ga-label="Neuropediatrics">
Search in PubMed
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-nlm-catalog-link dropdown-block-link"
ref ="linksrc=search_in_nlm_catalog_link"
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Neuropediatrics%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D"
data-ga-category="search_catalog"
data-ga-action="journal_link"
data-ga-label="Neuropediatrics">
Search in NLM Catalog
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
ref ="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
role="button"
data-search-term='"Neuropediatrics"[jour]'
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
data-ga-label='"Neuropediatrics"[jour]'
href="#">
Add to Search
</a></li></ul></div></div></div><span class="period">. </span><span class="cit">2015 Apr;46(2):98-103.</span>
</div>
<span class="citation-doi">
doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1399755.
</span>
<span class="secondary-date">
Epub 2015 Feb 2.
</span>
</div>
<h1 class="heading-title">
Eyes on MEGDEL: distinctive basal ganglia involvement in dystonia deafness syndrome
</h1>
<div class="inline-authors">
<div class="authors">
<div class="authors-list">
<span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Wortmann+SB&amp;cauthor_id=25642805"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Saskia B Wortmann">Saskia B Wortmann</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Pediatrics, Radboudumc Amalia Children&#x27;s Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
1
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=van+Hasselt+PM&amp;cauthor_id=25642805"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Peter M van Hasselt">Peter M van Hasselt</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Metabolic Diseases, Wilhelmina Children&#x27;s Hospital Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands." href="#full-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
2
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Bari%C4%87+I&amp;cauthor_id=25642805"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Ivo Barić">Ivo Barić</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb and University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia." href="#full-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
3
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Burlina+A&amp;cauthor_id=25642805"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Alberto Burlina">Alberto Burlina</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy." href="#full-view-affiliation-4" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
4
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Darin+N&amp;cauthor_id=25642805"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Niklas Darin">Niklas Darin</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Pediatrics, University of Gothenburg, The Queen Silvia&#x27;s Children Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden." href="#full-view-affiliation-5" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
5
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=H%C3%B6rster+F&amp;cauthor_id=25642805"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Friederike Hörster">Friederike Hörster</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of General Pediatrics, Division of Inborn Metabolic Diseases, University Children&#x27;s Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany." href="#full-view-affiliation-6" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
6
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Coker+M&amp;cauthor_id=25642805"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Mahmut Coker">Mahmut Coker</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Pediatrics, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey." href="#full-view-affiliation-7" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
7
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Ucar+SK&amp;cauthor_id=25642805"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Sema Kalkan Ucar">Sema Kalkan Ucar</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Pediatrics, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey." href="#full-view-affiliation-7" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
7
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Krumina+Z&amp;cauthor_id=25642805"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Zita Krumina">Zita Krumina</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Medical Genetics Clinic, Children&#x27;s University Hospital, Riga, Latvia." href="#full-view-affiliation-8" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
8
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Naess+K&amp;cauthor_id=25642805"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Karin Naess">Karin Naess</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Pediatric Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden." href="#full-view-affiliation-9" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
9
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Ngu+LH&amp;cauthor_id=25642805"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Lock H Ngu">Lock H Ngu</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Genetics, Kuala Lumpur Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia." href="#full-view-affiliation-10" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
10
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Pronicka+E&amp;cauthor_id=25642805"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Ewa Pronicka">Ewa Pronicka</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Metabolic Diseases, Children&#x27;s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland." href="#full-view-affiliation-11" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
11
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Riordan+G&amp;cauthor_id=25642805"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Gilian Riordan">Gilian Riordan</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Pediatric Neurology, Red Cross War Memorial Children&#x27;s Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa." href="#full-view-affiliation-12" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
12
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Santer+R&amp;cauthor_id=25642805"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Rene Santer">Rene Santer</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany." href="#full-view-affiliation-13" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
13
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Wassmer+E&amp;cauthor_id=25642805"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Evangeline Wassmer">Evangeline Wassmer</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Birmingham Children&#x27;s Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom." href="#full-view-affiliation-14" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
14
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Zschocke+J&amp;cauthor_id=25642805"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Johannes Zschocke">Johannes Zschocke</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Human Genetics, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria." href="#full-view-affiliation-15" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
15
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Schiff+M&amp;cauthor_id=25642805"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Manuel Schiff">Manuel Schiff</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Reference Center for Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Hôpital Robert Debré, APHP, INSERM U1141 and Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France." href="#full-view-affiliation-16" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
16
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=de+Meirleir+L&amp;cauthor_id=25642805"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Linda de Meirleir">Linda de Meirleir</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Diseases, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium." href="#full-view-affiliation-17" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
17
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Alowain+MA&amp;cauthor_id=25642805"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Mohammed A Alowain">Mohammed A Alowain</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia." href="#full-view-affiliation-18" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
18
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Smeitink+JA&amp;cauthor_id=25642805"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Jan A M Smeitink">Jan A M Smeitink</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Pediatrics, Radboudumc Amalia Children&#x27;s Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
1
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Morava+E&amp;cauthor_id=25642805"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Eva Morava">Eva Morava</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Hayward Genetics Center and Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University Medical School, New Orleans, LA, United States." href="#full-view-affiliation-19" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
19
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Kozicz+T&amp;cauthor_id=25642805"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Tamas Kozicz">Tamas Kozicz</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Anatomy, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands." href="#full-view-affiliation-20" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
20
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Wevers+RA&amp;cauthor_id=25642805"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Ron A Wevers">Ron A Wevers</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Genetic, Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases (LGEM), Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands." href="#full-view-affiliation-21" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
21
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Wolf+NI&amp;cauthor_id=25642805"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Nicole I Wolf">Nicole I Wolf</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Child Neurology, VU University Medical Center, and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands." href="#full-view-affiliation-22" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
22
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Willemsen+MA&amp;cauthor_id=25642805"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Michel A Willemsen">Michel A Willemsen</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Neurology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands." href="#full-view-affiliation-23" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
23
</a></sup></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="short-article-details">
Affiliations
<button
class="more-details"
id="toggle-authors"
data-alt-text="Collapse"
aria-controls="expanded-authors"
aria-expanded="false"
data-pinger-ignore
data-fetch-url="/25642805/long-authors/"
data-id-prefix="">
<span class="title">
Expand
</span>
</button>
</div>
<div class="extended-article-details" id="expanded-authors" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="expanded-authors" id="full-view-expanded-authors">
<div class="affiliations">
<h3 class="title">
Affiliations
</h3>
<ul class="item-list">
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-1"
id="full-view-affiliation-1"
><sup class="key">1</sup> Department of Pediatrics, Radboudumc Amalia Children&#x27;s Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-2"
id="full-view-affiliation-2"
><sup class="key">2</sup> Department of Metabolic Diseases, Wilhelmina Children&#x27;s Hospital Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-3"
id="full-view-affiliation-3"
><sup class="key">3</sup> Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb and University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-4"
id="full-view-affiliation-4"
><sup class="key">4</sup> Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-5"
id="full-view-affiliation-5"
><sup class="key">5</sup> Department of Pediatrics, University of Gothenburg, The Queen Silvia&#x27;s Children Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-6"
id="full-view-affiliation-6"
><sup class="key">6</sup> Department of General Pediatrics, Division of Inborn Metabolic Diseases, University Children&#x27;s Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-7"
id="full-view-affiliation-7"
><sup class="key">7</sup> Department of Pediatrics, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-8"
id="full-view-affiliation-8"
><sup class="key">8</sup> Medical Genetics Clinic, Children&#x27;s University Hospital, Riga, Latvia.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-9"
id="full-view-affiliation-9"
><sup class="key">9</sup> Department of Pediatric Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-10"
id="full-view-affiliation-10"
><sup class="key">10</sup> Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Genetics, Kuala Lumpur Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-11"
id="full-view-affiliation-11"
><sup class="key">11</sup> Department of Metabolic Diseases, Children&#x27;s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-12"
id="full-view-affiliation-12"
><sup class="key">12</sup> Department of Pediatric Neurology, Red Cross War Memorial Children&#x27;s Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-13"
id="full-view-affiliation-13"
><sup class="key">13</sup> Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-14"
id="full-view-affiliation-14"
><sup class="key">14</sup> Birmingham Children&#x27;s Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-15"
id="full-view-affiliation-15"
><sup class="key">15</sup> Division of Human Genetics, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-16"
id="full-view-affiliation-16"
><sup class="key">16</sup> Reference Center for Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Hôpital Robert Debré, APHP, INSERM U1141 and Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-17"
id="full-view-affiliation-17"
><sup class="key">17</sup> Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Diseases, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-18"
id="full-view-affiliation-18"
><sup class="key">18</sup> Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-19"
id="full-view-affiliation-19"
><sup class="key">19</sup> Hayward Genetics Center and Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University Medical School, New Orleans, LA, United States.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-20"
id="full-view-affiliation-20"
><sup class="key">20</sup> Department of Anatomy, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-21"
id="full-view-affiliation-21"
><sup class="key">21</sup> Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Genetic, Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases (LGEM), Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-22"
id="full-view-affiliation-22"
><sup class="key">22</sup> Department of Child Neurology, VU University Medical Center, and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-23"
id="full-view-affiliation-23"
><sup class="key">23</sup> Department of Neurology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<ul class="identifiers" id="full-view-identifiers">
<li>
<span class="identifier pubmed">
<span class="id-label">
PMID:
</span>
<strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">25642805</strong>
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="identifier doi">
<span class="id-label">
DOI:
</span>
<a class="id-link"
target="_blank"
rel="noopener"
ref="linksrc=article_id_link&amp;article_id=10.1055/s-0034-1399755&amp;id_type=DOI"
href="https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1399755"
data-ga-category="full_text"
data-ga-action="DOI"
>
10.1055/s-0034-1399755
</a>
</span>
</li>
</ul>
<span class="free-label">Free article</span>
<div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden>
Item in Clipboard
</div>
</div>
<div class="short-view" id="short-view-heading">
<h1 class="heading-title">
Eyes on MEGDEL: distinctive basal ganglia involvement in dystonia deafness syndrome
</h1>
<div class="short-citation">
<span class="authors-list">
<span class="authors-list-item "><span class="full-name">Saskia B Wortmann</span><span class="citation-separator">&nbsp;et al.</span></span>
</span>
<span class="citation-journal">
Neuropediatrics<span class="citation-separator">.</span>
</span>
<span class="date">
<span class="citation-year">2015 Apr</span><span class="citation-separator">.</span>
</span>
</div>
<span class="free-label">Free article</span>
<div class="more-article-details-section with-display-settings">
<button class="more-article-details"
id="toggle-article-details"
data-alt-text="Hide details"
ref="linksrc=toggle_article_details"
aria-controls="full-article-details"
aria-expanded="false"
data-fetch-url="/25642805/long-authors/"
data-id-prefix="">
<span class="title">Show details</span>
</button>
<div class="display-options" data-format-key="format"
data-default-format-value="abstract"
data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region">
<button
class="trigger usa-button"
title="Change format"
data-ga-category="display_options"
data-ga-action="display_options_dialog">
<span class="button-label">Display options</span>
</button>
<div class="dropdown" hidden>
<div class="title">
Display options
</div>
<div class="content">
<div class="format-container">
<span class="option-label">
Format
</span>
<select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="mobile-display-format">
<option value="abstract">Abstract</option>
<option value="pubmed">PubMed</option>
<option value="pmid">PMID</option>
</select>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="extended-article-details" id="full-article-details" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="article-citation">
<div class="article-source">
<div class="journal-actions dropdown-block"><button id="short-view-journal-trigger"
class="journal-actions-trigger trigger"
ref="linksrc=journal_actions_btn"
title="Neuropediatrics"
tabindex="0"
aria-controls="short-view-journal"
aria-expanded="false"
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for journal Neuropediatrics"
data-pinger-ignore>
Neuropediatrics
</button><div id="short-view-journal"
class="journal-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
hidden
aria-label="Dropdown menu for journal Neuropediatrics"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="journal-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
href="/?term=%22Neuropediatrics%22%5Bjour%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
data-href="/?term=%22Neuropediatrics%22%5Bjour%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_journal_name_link&amp;journal_abbrev=Neuropediatrics"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="journal_link"
data-ga-label="Neuropediatrics">
Search in PubMed
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-nlm-catalog-link dropdown-block-link"
ref ="linksrc=search_in_nlm_catalog_link"
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Neuropediatrics%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D"
data-ga-category="search_catalog"
data-ga-action="journal_link"
data-ga-label="Neuropediatrics">
Search in NLM Catalog
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
ref ="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
role="button"
data-search-term='"Neuropediatrics"[jour]'
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
data-ga-label='"Neuropediatrics"[jour]'
href="#">
Add to Search
</a></li></ul></div></div></div><span class="period">. </span><span class="cit">2015 Apr;46(2):98-103.</span>
</div>
<span class="citation-doi">
doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1399755.
</span>
<span class="secondary-date">
Epub 2015 Feb 2.
</span>
</div>
<div class="expanded-authors" id="short-view-expanded-authors">
<div class="authors">
<h3 class="title">
Authors
</h3>
<div class="authors-list">
<span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Wortmann+SB&amp;cauthor_id=25642805"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Saskia B Wortmann">Saskia B Wortmann</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Pediatrics, Radboudumc Amalia Children&#x27;s Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
1
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=van+Hasselt+PM&amp;cauthor_id=25642805"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Peter M van Hasselt">Peter M van Hasselt</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Metabolic Diseases, Wilhelmina Children&#x27;s Hospital Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
2
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Bari%C4%87+I&amp;cauthor_id=25642805"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Ivo Barić">Ivo Barić</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb and University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia." href="#short-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
3
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Burlina+A&amp;cauthor_id=25642805"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Alberto Burlina">Alberto Burlina</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy." href="#short-view-affiliation-4" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
4
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Darin+N&amp;cauthor_id=25642805"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Niklas Darin">Niklas Darin</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Pediatrics, University of Gothenburg, The Queen Silvia&#x27;s Children Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden." href="#short-view-affiliation-5" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
5
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=H%C3%B6rster+F&amp;cauthor_id=25642805"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Friederike Hörster">Friederike Hörster</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of General Pediatrics, Division of Inborn Metabolic Diseases, University Children&#x27;s Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany." href="#short-view-affiliation-6" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
6
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Coker+M&amp;cauthor_id=25642805"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Mahmut Coker">Mahmut Coker</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Pediatrics, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey." href="#short-view-affiliation-7" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
7
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Ucar+SK&amp;cauthor_id=25642805"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Sema Kalkan Ucar">Sema Kalkan Ucar</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Pediatrics, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey." href="#short-view-affiliation-7" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
7
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Krumina+Z&amp;cauthor_id=25642805"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Zita Krumina">Zita Krumina</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Medical Genetics Clinic, Children&#x27;s University Hospital, Riga, Latvia." href="#short-view-affiliation-8" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
8
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Naess+K&amp;cauthor_id=25642805"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Karin Naess">Karin Naess</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Pediatric Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden." href="#short-view-affiliation-9" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
9
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Ngu+LH&amp;cauthor_id=25642805"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Lock H Ngu">Lock H Ngu</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Genetics, Kuala Lumpur Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia." href="#short-view-affiliation-10" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
10
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Pronicka+E&amp;cauthor_id=25642805"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Ewa Pronicka">Ewa Pronicka</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Metabolic Diseases, Children&#x27;s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland." href="#short-view-affiliation-11" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
11
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Riordan+G&amp;cauthor_id=25642805"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Gilian Riordan">Gilian Riordan</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Pediatric Neurology, Red Cross War Memorial Children&#x27;s Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa." href="#short-view-affiliation-12" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
12
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Santer+R&amp;cauthor_id=25642805"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Rene Santer">Rene Santer</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany." href="#short-view-affiliation-13" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
13
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Wassmer+E&amp;cauthor_id=25642805"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Evangeline Wassmer">Evangeline Wassmer</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Birmingham Children&#x27;s Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom." href="#short-view-affiliation-14" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
14
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Zschocke+J&amp;cauthor_id=25642805"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Johannes Zschocke">Johannes Zschocke</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Human Genetics, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria." href="#short-view-affiliation-15" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
15
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Schiff+M&amp;cauthor_id=25642805"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Manuel Schiff">Manuel Schiff</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Reference Center for Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Hôpital Robert Debré, APHP, INSERM U1141 and Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France." href="#short-view-affiliation-16" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
16
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=de+Meirleir+L&amp;cauthor_id=25642805"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Linda de Meirleir">Linda de Meirleir</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Diseases, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium." href="#short-view-affiliation-17" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
17
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Alowain+MA&amp;cauthor_id=25642805"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Mohammed A Alowain">Mohammed A Alowain</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia." href="#short-view-affiliation-18" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
18
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Smeitink+JA&amp;cauthor_id=25642805"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Jan A M Smeitink">Jan A M Smeitink</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Pediatrics, Radboudumc Amalia Children&#x27;s Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
1
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Morava+E&amp;cauthor_id=25642805"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Eva Morava">Eva Morava</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Hayward Genetics Center and Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University Medical School, New Orleans, LA, United States." href="#short-view-affiliation-19" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
19
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Kozicz+T&amp;cauthor_id=25642805"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Tamas Kozicz">Tamas Kozicz</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Anatomy, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands." href="#short-view-affiliation-20" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
20
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Wevers+RA&amp;cauthor_id=25642805"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Ron A Wevers">Ron A Wevers</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Genetic, Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases (LGEM), Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands." href="#short-view-affiliation-21" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
21
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Wolf+NI&amp;cauthor_id=25642805"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Nicole I Wolf">Nicole I Wolf</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Child Neurology, VU University Medical Center, and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands." href="#short-view-affiliation-22" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
22
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Willemsen+MA&amp;cauthor_id=25642805"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Michel A Willemsen">Michel A Willemsen</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Neurology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands." href="#short-view-affiliation-23" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
23
</a></sup></span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="affiliations">
<h3 class="title">
Affiliations
</h3>
<ul class="item-list">
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-1"
id="short-view-affiliation-1"
><sup class="key">1</sup> Department of Pediatrics, Radboudumc Amalia Children&#x27;s Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-2"
id="short-view-affiliation-2"
><sup class="key">2</sup> Department of Metabolic Diseases, Wilhelmina Children&#x27;s Hospital Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-3"
id="short-view-affiliation-3"
><sup class="key">3</sup> Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb and University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-4"
id="short-view-affiliation-4"
><sup class="key">4</sup> Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-5"
id="short-view-affiliation-5"
><sup class="key">5</sup> Department of Pediatrics, University of Gothenburg, The Queen Silvia&#x27;s Children Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-6"
id="short-view-affiliation-6"
><sup class="key">6</sup> Department of General Pediatrics, Division of Inborn Metabolic Diseases, University Children&#x27;s Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-7"
id="short-view-affiliation-7"
><sup class="key">7</sup> Department of Pediatrics, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-8"
id="short-view-affiliation-8"
><sup class="key">8</sup> Medical Genetics Clinic, Children&#x27;s University Hospital, Riga, Latvia.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-9"
id="short-view-affiliation-9"
><sup class="key">9</sup> Department of Pediatric Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-10"
id="short-view-affiliation-10"
><sup class="key">10</sup> Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Genetics, Kuala Lumpur Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-11"
id="short-view-affiliation-11"
><sup class="key">11</sup> Department of Metabolic Diseases, Children&#x27;s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-12"
id="short-view-affiliation-12"
><sup class="key">12</sup> Department of Pediatric Neurology, Red Cross War Memorial Children&#x27;s Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-13"
id="short-view-affiliation-13"
><sup class="key">13</sup> Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-14"
id="short-view-affiliation-14"
><sup class="key">14</sup> Birmingham Children&#x27;s Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-15"
id="short-view-affiliation-15"
><sup class="key">15</sup> Division of Human Genetics, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-16"
id="short-view-affiliation-16"
><sup class="key">16</sup> Reference Center for Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Hôpital Robert Debré, APHP, INSERM U1141 and Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-17"
id="short-view-affiliation-17"
><sup class="key">17</sup> Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Diseases, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-18"
id="short-view-affiliation-18"
><sup class="key">18</sup> Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-19"
id="short-view-affiliation-19"
><sup class="key">19</sup> Hayward Genetics Center and Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University Medical School, New Orleans, LA, United States.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-20"
id="short-view-affiliation-20"
><sup class="key">20</sup> Department of Anatomy, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-21"
id="short-view-affiliation-21"
><sup class="key">21</sup> Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Genetic, Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases (LGEM), Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-22"
id="short-view-affiliation-22"
><sup class="key">22</sup> Department of Child Neurology, VU University Medical Center, and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-23"
id="short-view-affiliation-23"
><sup class="key">23</sup> Department of Neurology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<ul class="identifiers" id="short-view-identifiers">
<li>
<span class="identifier pubmed">
<span class="id-label">
PMID:
</span>
<strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">25642805</strong>
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="identifier doi">
<span class="id-label">
DOI:
</span>
<a class="id-link"
target="_blank"
rel="noopener"
ref="linksrc=article_id_link&amp;article_id=10.1055/s-0034-1399755&amp;id_type=DOI"
href="https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1399755"
data-ga-category="full_text"
data-ga-action="DOI"
>
10.1055/s-0034-1399755
</a>
</span>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden>
Item in Clipboard
</div>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<div class="actions-buttons inline"><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger"
title="Open dialog with full text links"
ref="linksrc=full_text_links">
Full text links
</button><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger"
aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="cite"
data-ga-label="open"
data-all-citations-url="/25642805/citations/"
data-citation-style="nlm"
data-pubmed-format-link="/25642805/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger"
title="Open dialog with more actions to take"
ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" data-format-key="format"
data-default-format-value="abstract"
data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"><button
class="trigger usa-button"
title="Change format"
data-ga-category="display_options"
data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"><span class="button-label">Display options</span></button><div class="dropdown" hidden><div class="title">
Display options
</div><div class="content"><div class="format-container"><span class="option-label">
Format
</span><select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="inline-actions-display-format"><option value="abstract">Abstract</option><option value="pubmed">PubMed</option><option value="pmid">PMID</option></select></div></div></div></div></div></div>
<div class="abstract" id="abstract">
<h2 class="title">
Abstract
</h2>
<div class="abstract-content selected"
id="eng-abstract">
<p>
Pediatric movement disorders are still a diagnostic challenge, as many patients remain without a (genetic) diagnosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pattern recognition can lead to the diagnosis. MEGDEL syndrome (3-MethylGlutaconic aciduria, Deafness, Encephalopathy, Leigh-like syndrome MIM #614739) is a clinically and biochemically highly distinctive dystonia deafness syndrome accompanied by 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, severe developmental delay, and progressive spasticity. Mutations are found in SERAC1, encoding a phosphatidylglycerol remodeling enzyme essential for both mitochondrial function and intracellular cholesterol trafficking. Based on the homogenous phenotype, we hypothesized an accordingly characteristic MRI pattern. A total of 43 complete MRI studies of 30 patients were systematically reevaluated. All patients presented a distinctive brain MRI pattern with five characteristic disease stages affecting the basal ganglia, especially the putamen. In stage 1, T2 signal changes of the pallidum are present. In stage 2, swelling of the putamen and caudate nucleus is seen. The dorsal putamen contains an "eye" that shows no signal alteration and (thus) seems to be spared during this stage of the disease. It later increases, reflecting progressive putaminal involvement. This "eye" was found in all patients with MEGDEL syndrome during a specific age range, and has not been reported in other disorders, making it pathognomonic for MEDGEL and allowing diagnosis based on MRI findings.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="copyright" id="copyright">
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.
</p>
<p class="disclaimer" id="disclaimer">
<a href="/disclaimer/" target="_blank" data-ga-category="literature_resources"
data-ga-action="disclaimer_link" data-ga-label="under_abstract">PubMed Disclaimer</a>
</p>
<div class="similar-articles" id="similar">
<h2 class="title">
Similar articles
</h2>
<ul class="articles-list" id="similar-articles-list">
<li class="full-docsum">
<div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;">
<a class="docsum-title"
href="/27186703/"
ref="article_id=27186703&amp;linksrc=similar_articles_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="similar_article"
data-ga-action="27186703"
data-ga-label="">
Two Turkish siblings with MEGDEL syndrome due to novel SERAC1 gene mutation.
</a>
<div class="docsum-citation full-citation">
<span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Ünal Ö, Özgül RK, Yücel D, Yalnızoğlu D, Tokatlı A, Sivri HS, Hişmi B, Coşkun T, Dursun A.</span>
<span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Ünal Ö, et al.</span>
<span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Turk J Pediatr. 2015 Jul-Aug;57(4):388-393.</span>
<span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">Turk J Pediatr. 2015.</span>
<span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">27186703</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="full-docsum">
<div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;">
<a class="docsum-title"
href="/34326751/"
ref="article_id=34326751&amp;linksrc=similar_articles_link&amp;ordinalpos=2"
data-ga-category="similar_article"
data-ga-action="34326751"
data-ga-label="">
Incidental Finding of MEGDEL Syndrome Based on Neuroimaging: Case Report.
</a>
<div class="docsum-citation full-citation">
<span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Alshammari SA, Alghamdi FA, Alhazmi R, Aldossary S.</span>
<span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Alshammari SA, et al.</span>
<span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Case Rep Neurol. 2021 Jun 28;13(2):429-433. doi: 10.1159/000516319. eCollection 2021 May-Aug.</span>
<span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">Case Rep Neurol. 2021.</span>
<span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">34326751</span></span>
<span class="free-resources spaced-citation-item citation-part">Free PMC article.</span>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="full-docsum">
<div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;">
<a class="docsum-title"
href="/29686941/"
ref="article_id=29686941&amp;linksrc=similar_articles_link&amp;ordinalpos=3"
data-ga-category="similar_article"
data-ga-action="29686941"
data-ga-label="">
Adult-onset Generalized Dystonia as the Main Manifestation of MEGDEL Syndrome.
</a>
<div class="docsum-citation full-citation">
<span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Giron C, Roze E, Degos B, Méneret A, Jardel C, Lannuzel A, Mochel F.</span>
<span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Giron C, et al.</span>
<span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y). 2018 Apr 18;8:554. doi: 10.7916/D8VM5VBQ. eCollection 2018.</span>
<span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y). 2018.</span>
<span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">29686941</span></span>
<span class="free-resources spaced-citation-item citation-part">Free PMC article.</span>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="full-docsum">
<div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;">
<a class="docsum-title"
href="/32684373/"
ref="article_id=32684373&amp;linksrc=similar_articles_link&amp;ordinalpos=4"
data-ga-category="similar_article"
data-ga-action="32684373"
data-ga-label="">
MEGDEL Syndrome.
</a>
<div class="docsum-citation full-citation">
<span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Finsterer J, Scorza FA, Fiorini AC, Scorza CA.</span>
<span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Finsterer J, et al.</span>
<span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Pediatr Neurol. 2020 Sep;110:25-29. doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2020.03.009. Epub 2020 Jul 16.</span>
<span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">Pediatr Neurol. 2020.</span>
<span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">32684373</span></span>
<span class="publication-type spaced-citation-item citation-part">Review.</span>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="full-docsum">
<div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;">
<a class="docsum-title"
href="/19892136/"
ref="article_id=19892136&amp;linksrc=similar_articles_link&amp;ordinalpos=5"
data-ga-category="similar_article"
data-ga-action="19892136"
data-ga-label="">
Chapter 33: the history of movement disorders.
</a>
<div class="docsum-citation full-citation">
<span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Lanska DJ.</span>
<span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Lanska DJ.</span>
<span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Handb Clin Neurol. 2010;95:501-46. doi: 10.1016/S0072-9752(08)02133-7.</span>
<span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">Handb Clin Neurol. 2010.</span>
<span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">19892136</span></span>
<span class="publication-type spaced-citation-item citation-part">Review.</span>
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="actions-bar">
<a
class="show-all-linked-articles"
data-href="/?linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=25642805"
data-ga-category="similar_article"
data-ga-action="show_all"
>
See all similar articles
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="citedby-articles" id="citedby">
<h2 class="title">
Cited by
</h2>
<ul class="articles-list" id="citedby-articles-list">
<li class="full-docsum">
<div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;">
<a class="docsum-title"
href="/33426169/"
ref="article_id=33426169&amp;linksrc=citedby_articles_link&amp;ordinalpos=1"
data-ga-category="cited_by"
data-ga-action="33426169"
data-ga-label="">
Secondary Dystonia in a Novel Mitochondriopathy Responsive to Deep Brain Stimulation Therapy.
</a>
<div class="docsum-citation full-citation">
<span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Sharma VD, Buetefisch CM, Kendall FD, Gross RE, DeLong MR, Juncos JL.</span>
<span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Sharma VD, et al.</span>
<span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Mov Disord Clin Pract. 2020 Sep 21;8(1):135-138. doi: 10.1002/mdc3.13075. eCollection 2021 Jan.</span>
<span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">Mov Disord Clin Pract. 2020.</span>
<span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">33426169</span></span>
<span class="free-resources spaced-citation-item citation-part">Free PMC article.</span>
<span class="no-abstract spaced-citation-item citation-part">No abstract available.</span>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="full-docsum">
<div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;">
<a class="docsum-title"
href="/31251474/"
ref="article_id=31251474&amp;linksrc=citedby_articles_link&amp;ordinalpos=2"
data-ga-category="cited_by"
data-ga-action="31251474"
data-ga-label="">
Identification of a novel splice site mutation in the SERAC1 gene responsible for the MEGDHEL syndrome.
</a>
<div class="docsum-citation full-citation">
<span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Snanoudj S, Mordel P, Dupas Q, Schanen C, Arion A, Gérard M, Read MH, Nait Rabah D, Goux D, Chapon F, Jokic M, Allouche S.</span>
<span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Snanoudj S, et al.</span>
<span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Mol Genet Genomic Med. 2019 Aug;7(8):e815. doi: 10.1002/mgg3.815. Epub 2019 Jun 28.</span>
<span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">Mol Genet Genomic Med. 2019.</span>
<span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">31251474</span></span>
<span class="free-resources spaced-citation-item citation-part">Free PMC article.</span>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="full-docsum">
<div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;">
<a class="docsum-title"
href="/27331002/"
ref="article_id=27331002&amp;linksrc=citedby_articles_link&amp;ordinalpos=3"
data-ga-category="cited_by"
data-ga-action="27331002"
data-ga-label="">
Transient neonatal renal failure and massive polyuria in MEGDEL syndrome.
</a>
<div class="docsum-citation full-citation">
<span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Harbulot C, Paquay S, Dorboz I, Pichard S, Bourillon A, Benoist JF, Jardel C, Ogier de Baulny H, Boespflug-Tanguy O, Schiff M.</span>
<span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Harbulot C, et al.</span>
<span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Mol Genet Metab Rep. 2016 Mar 10;7:8-10. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2016.03.001. eCollection 2016 Jun.</span>
<span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">Mol Genet Metab Rep. 2016.</span>
<span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">27331002</span></span>
<span class="free-resources spaced-citation-item citation-part">Free PMC article.</span>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="full-docsum">
<div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;">
<a class="docsum-title"
href="/35775081/"
ref="article_id=35775081&amp;linksrc=citedby_articles_link&amp;ordinalpos=4"
data-ga-category="cited_by"
data-ga-action="35775081"
data-ga-label="">
Mitochondria-Associated Membrane Scaffolding with Endoplasmic Reticulum: A Dynamic Pathway of Developmental Disease.
</a>
<div class="docsum-citation full-citation">
<span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Saneto RP, Perez FA.</span>
<span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Saneto RP, et al.</span>
<span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Front Mol Biosci. 2022 Jun 14;9:908721. doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.908721. eCollection 2022.</span>
<span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">Front Mol Biosci. 2022.</span>
<span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">35775081</span></span>
<span class="free-resources spaced-citation-item citation-part">Free PMC article.</span>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="full-docsum">
<div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;">
<a class="docsum-title"
href="/29443118/"
ref="article_id=29443118&amp;linksrc=citedby_articles_link&amp;ordinalpos=5"
data-ga-category="cited_by"
data-ga-action="29443118"
data-ga-label="">
Neurometabolic disorders: Five new things.
</a>
<div class="docsum-citation full-citation">
<span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Willemsen MA, Harting I, Wevers RA.</span>
<span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Willemsen MA, et al.</span>
<span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Neurol Clin Pract. 2016 Aug;6(4):348-357. doi: 10.1212/CPJ.0000000000000266.</span>
<span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">Neurol Clin Pract. 2016.</span>
<span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">29443118</span></span>
<span class="free-resources spaced-citation-item citation-part">Free PMC article.</span>
<span class="publication-type spaced-citation-item citation-part">Review.</span>
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="actions-bar">
<a
class="show-all-linked-articles"
data-href="/?linkname=pubmed_pubmed_citedin&from_uid=25642805"
data-ga-category="cited_by"
data-ga-action="show_all"
>
See all "Cited by" articles
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div id="publication-types" class="publication-types keywords-section">
<h2 class="title">
Publication types
</h2>
<ul class="keywords-list"><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov&#x27;t"
tabindex="0"
aria-controls="keyword-actions-publication-types-0"
aria-expanded="false"
data-pinger-ignore>
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov&#x27;t
</button><div id="keyword-actions-publication-types-0"
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
hidden
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov&#x27;t"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
href="/?term=%22Research+Support%2C+Non-U.S.+Gov%27t%22%5Bpt%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
data-href="/?term=%22Research+Support%2C+Non-U.S.+Gov%27t%22%5Bpt%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;keyword=&quot;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov&#x27;t&quot;[pt]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="pub_type"
data-ga-label="Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov&#x27;t">
Search in PubMed
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Research+Support%2C+Non-U.S.+Gov%27t"
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
data-ga-action="pub_type_link"
data-ga-label="Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov&#x27;t">
Search in MeSH
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
role="button"
data-search-term="&quot;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov&#x27;t&quot;[pt]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
data-ga-label="&quot;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov&#x27;t&quot;[pt]"
href="#">
Add to Search
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li></ul>
</div>
<div id="mesh-terms" class="mesh-terms keywords-section">
<h2 class="title">
MeSH terms
</h2>
<ul class="keywords-list"><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major"
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Basal Ganglia / pathology*"
tabindex="0"
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-0"
aria-expanded="false"
data-pinger-ignore>
Basal Ganglia / pathology*
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-0"
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
hidden
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Basal Ganglia / pathology*"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
href="/?term=%22Basal+Ganglia%2Fpathology%22%5BMAJR%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
data-href="/?term=%22Basal+Ganglia%2Fpathology%22%5BMAJR%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Basal Ganglia/pathology&quot;[MAJR]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="mesh_term"
data-ga-label="Basal Ganglia / pathology*">
Search in PubMed
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Basal+Ganglia"
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
data-ga-label="Basal Ganglia / pathology*">
Search in MeSH
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
role="button"
data-search-term="&quot;Basal Ganglia/pathology&quot;[MAJR]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
data-ga-label="&quot;Basal Ganglia/pathology&quot;[MAJR]"
href="#">
Add to Search
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Child, Preschool"
tabindex="0"
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-1"
aria-expanded="false"
data-pinger-ignore>
Child, Preschool
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-1"
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
hidden
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Child, Preschool"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
href="/?term=%22Child%2C+Preschool%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
data-href="/?term=%22Child%2C+Preschool%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Child, Preschool&quot;[MeSH]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="mesh_term"
data-ga-label="Child, Preschool">
Search in PubMed
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Child%2C+Preschool"
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
data-ga-label="Child, Preschool">
Search in MeSH
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
role="button"
data-search-term="&quot;Child, Preschool&quot;[MeSH]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
data-ga-label="&quot;Child, Preschool&quot;[MeSH]"
href="#">
Add to Search
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Deafness / complications"
tabindex="0"
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-2"
aria-expanded="false"
data-pinger-ignore>
Deafness / complications
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-2"
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
hidden
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Deafness / complications"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
href="/?term=%22Deafness%2Fcomplications%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
data-href="/?term=%22Deafness%2Fcomplications%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Deafness/complications&quot;[MeSH]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="mesh_term"
data-ga-label="Deafness / complications">
Search in PubMed
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Deafness"
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
data-ga-label="Deafness / complications">
Search in MeSH
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
role="button"
data-search-term="&quot;Deafness/complications&quot;[MeSH]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
data-ga-label="&quot;Deafness/complications&quot;[MeSH]"
href="#">
Add to Search
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Deafness / genetics"
tabindex="0"
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-3"
aria-expanded="false"
data-pinger-ignore>
Deafness / genetics
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-3"
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
hidden
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Deafness / genetics"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
href="/?term=%22Deafness%2Fgenetics%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
data-href="/?term=%22Deafness%2Fgenetics%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Deafness/genetics&quot;[MeSH]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="mesh_term"
data-ga-label="Deafness / genetics">
Search in PubMed
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Deafness"
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
data-ga-label="Deafness / genetics">
Search in MeSH
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
role="button"
data-search-term="&quot;Deafness/genetics&quot;[MeSH]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
data-ga-label="&quot;Deafness/genetics&quot;[MeSH]"
href="#">
Add to Search
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major"
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Deafness / pathology*"
tabindex="0"
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-4"
aria-expanded="false"
data-pinger-ignore>
Deafness / pathology*
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-4"
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
hidden
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Deafness / pathology*"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
href="/?term=%22Deafness%2Fpathology%22%5BMAJR%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
data-href="/?term=%22Deafness%2Fpathology%22%5BMAJR%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Deafness/pathology&quot;[MAJR]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="mesh_term"
data-ga-label="Deafness / pathology*">
Search in PubMed
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Deafness"
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
data-ga-label="Deafness / pathology*">
Search in MeSH
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
role="button"
data-search-term="&quot;Deafness/pathology&quot;[MAJR]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
data-ga-label="&quot;Deafness/pathology&quot;[MAJR]"
href="#">
Add to Search
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Disease Progression"
tabindex="0"
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-5"
aria-expanded="false"
data-pinger-ignore>
Disease Progression
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-5"
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
hidden
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Disease Progression"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
href="/?term=%22Disease+Progression%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
data-href="/?term=%22Disease+Progression%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Disease Progression&quot;[MeSH]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="mesh_term"
data-ga-label="Disease Progression">
Search in PubMed
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Disease+Progression"
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
data-ga-label="Disease Progression">
Search in MeSH
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
role="button"
data-search-term="&quot;Disease Progression&quot;[MeSH]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
data-ga-label="&quot;Disease Progression&quot;[MeSH]"
href="#">
Add to Search
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Dystonic Disorders / complications"
tabindex="0"
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-6"
aria-expanded="false"
data-pinger-ignore>
Dystonic Disorders / complications
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-6"
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
hidden
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Dystonic Disorders / complications"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
href="/?term=%22Dystonic+Disorders%2Fcomplications%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
data-href="/?term=%22Dystonic+Disorders%2Fcomplications%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Dystonic Disorders/complications&quot;[MeSH]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="mesh_term"
data-ga-label="Dystonic Disorders / complications">
Search in PubMed
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Dystonic+Disorders"
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
data-ga-label="Dystonic Disorders / complications">
Search in MeSH
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
role="button"
data-search-term="&quot;Dystonic Disorders/complications&quot;[MeSH]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
data-ga-label="&quot;Dystonic Disorders/complications&quot;[MeSH]"
href="#">
Add to Search
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Dystonic Disorders / genetics"
tabindex="0"
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-7"
aria-expanded="false"
data-pinger-ignore>
Dystonic Disorders / genetics
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-7"
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
hidden
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Dystonic Disorders / genetics"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
href="/?term=%22Dystonic+Disorders%2Fgenetics%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
data-href="/?term=%22Dystonic+Disorders%2Fgenetics%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Dystonic Disorders/genetics&quot;[MeSH]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="mesh_term"
data-ga-label="Dystonic Disorders / genetics">
Search in PubMed
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Dystonic+Disorders"
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
data-ga-label="Dystonic Disorders / genetics">
Search in MeSH
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
role="button"
data-search-term="&quot;Dystonic Disorders/genetics&quot;[MeSH]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
data-ga-label="&quot;Dystonic Disorders/genetics&quot;[MeSH]"
href="#">
Add to Search
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major"
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Dystonic Disorders / pathology*"
tabindex="0"
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-8"
aria-expanded="false"
data-pinger-ignore>
Dystonic Disorders / pathology*
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-8"
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
hidden
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Dystonic Disorders / pathology*"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
href="/?term=%22Dystonic+Disorders%2Fpathology%22%5BMAJR%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
data-href="/?term=%22Dystonic+Disorders%2Fpathology%22%5BMAJR%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Dystonic Disorders/pathology&quot;[MAJR]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="mesh_term"
data-ga-label="Dystonic Disorders / pathology*">
Search in PubMed
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Dystonic+Disorders"
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
data-ga-label="Dystonic Disorders / pathology*">
Search in MeSH
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
role="button"
data-search-term="&quot;Dystonic Disorders/pathology&quot;[MAJR]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
data-ga-label="&quot;Dystonic Disorders/pathology&quot;[MAJR]"
href="#">
Add to Search
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Humans"
tabindex="0"
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-9"
aria-expanded="false"
data-pinger-ignore>
Humans
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-9"
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
hidden
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Humans"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
href="/?term=%22Humans%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
data-href="/?term=%22Humans%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Humans&quot;[MeSH]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="mesh_term"
data-ga-label="Humans">
Search in PubMed
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Humans"
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
data-ga-label="Humans">
Search in MeSH
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
role="button"
data-search-term="&quot;Humans&quot;[MeSH]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
data-ga-label="&quot;Humans&quot;[MeSH]"
href="#">
Add to Search
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Infant"
tabindex="0"
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-10"
aria-expanded="false"
data-pinger-ignore>
Infant
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-10"
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
hidden
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Infant"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
href="/?term=%22Infant%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
data-href="/?term=%22Infant%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Infant&quot;[MeSH]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="mesh_term"
data-ga-label="Infant">
Search in PubMed
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Infant"
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
data-ga-label="Infant">
Search in MeSH
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
role="button"
data-search-term="&quot;Infant&quot;[MeSH]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
data-ga-label="&quot;Infant&quot;[MeSH]"
href="#">
Add to Search
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Magnetic Resonance Imaging"
tabindex="0"
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-11"
aria-expanded="false"
data-pinger-ignore>
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-11"
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
hidden
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Magnetic Resonance Imaging"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
href="/?term=%22Magnetic+Resonance+Imaging%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
data-href="/?term=%22Magnetic+Resonance+Imaging%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Magnetic Resonance Imaging&quot;[MeSH]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="mesh_term"
data-ga-label="Magnetic Resonance Imaging">
Search in PubMed
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Magnetic+Resonance+Imaging"
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
data-ga-label="Magnetic Resonance Imaging">
Search in MeSH
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
role="button"
data-search-term="&quot;Magnetic Resonance Imaging&quot;[MeSH]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
data-ga-label="&quot;Magnetic Resonance Imaging&quot;[MeSH]"
href="#">
Add to Search
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Mitochondrial Diseases / complications"
tabindex="0"
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-12"
aria-expanded="false"
data-pinger-ignore>
Mitochondrial Diseases / complications
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-12"
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
hidden
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Mitochondrial Diseases / complications"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
href="/?term=%22Mitochondrial+Diseases%2Fcomplications%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
data-href="/?term=%22Mitochondrial+Diseases%2Fcomplications%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Mitochondrial Diseases/complications&quot;[MeSH]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="mesh_term"
data-ga-label="Mitochondrial Diseases / complications">
Search in PubMed
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Mitochondrial+Diseases"
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
data-ga-label="Mitochondrial Diseases / complications">
Search in MeSH
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
role="button"
data-search-term="&quot;Mitochondrial Diseases/complications&quot;[MeSH]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
data-ga-label="&quot;Mitochondrial Diseases/complications&quot;[MeSH]"
href="#">
Add to Search
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major"
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Mitochondrial Diseases / pathology*"
tabindex="0"
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-13"
aria-expanded="false"
data-pinger-ignore>
Mitochondrial Diseases / pathology*
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-13"
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
hidden
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Mitochondrial Diseases / pathology*"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
href="/?term=%22Mitochondrial+Diseases%2Fpathology%22%5BMAJR%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
data-href="/?term=%22Mitochondrial+Diseases%2Fpathology%22%5BMAJR%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Mitochondrial Diseases/pathology&quot;[MAJR]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="mesh_term"
data-ga-label="Mitochondrial Diseases / pathology*">
Search in PubMed
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Mitochondrial+Diseases"
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
data-ga-label="Mitochondrial Diseases / pathology*">
Search in MeSH
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
role="button"
data-search-term="&quot;Mitochondrial Diseases/pathology&quot;[MAJR]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
data-ga-label="&quot;Mitochondrial Diseases/pathology&quot;[MAJR]"
href="#">
Add to Search
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Putamen / pathology"
tabindex="0"
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-14"
aria-expanded="false"
data-pinger-ignore>
Putamen / pathology
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-14"
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
hidden
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Putamen / pathology"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
href="/?term=%22Putamen%2Fpathology%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
data-href="/?term=%22Putamen%2Fpathology%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Putamen/pathology&quot;[MeSH]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="mesh_term"
data-ga-label="Putamen / pathology">
Search in PubMed
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Putamen"
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
data-ga-label="Putamen / pathology">
Search in MeSH
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
role="button"
data-search-term="&quot;Putamen/pathology&quot;[MeSH]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
data-ga-label="&quot;Putamen/pathology&quot;[MeSH]"
href="#">
Add to Search
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Syndrome"
tabindex="0"
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-15"
aria-expanded="false"
data-pinger-ignore>
Syndrome
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-15"
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
hidden
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Syndrome"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
href="/?term=%22Syndrome%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
data-href="/?term=%22Syndrome%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc"
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Syndrome&quot;[MeSH]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="mesh_term"
data-ga-label="Syndrome">
Search in PubMed
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Syndrome"
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
data-ga-label="Syndrome">
Search in MeSH
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
role="button"
data-search-term="&quot;Syndrome&quot;[MeSH]"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
data-ga-label="&quot;Syndrome&quot;[MeSH]"
href="#">
Add to Search
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li></ul>
</div>
<div id="related-links" class="related-links">
<h2 class="title">
Related information
</h2>
<ul class="related-links-list"><li><a title="PubMed links associated with Books" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books?linkname=pubmed_books_refs&amp;from_uid=25642805"
ref="log$=recordlinks&logdbfrom=pubmed&ncbi_uid=25642805&ordinalpos=1&linkpos=1">
Cited in Books
</a></li><li><a title="Related information in MedGen" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen?linkname=pubmed_medgen&amp;from_uid=25642805"
ref="log$=recordlinks&logdbfrom=pubmed&ncbi_uid=25642805&ordinalpos=1&linkpos=2">
MedGen
</a></li><li><a title="Related records in MedGen based on citations in GeneReviews and Medical Genetics Summaries" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen?linkname=pubmed_medgen_bookshelf_cited&amp;from_uid=25642805"
ref="log$=recordlinks&logdbfrom=pubmed&ncbi_uid=25642805&ordinalpos=1&linkpos=3">
MedGen (Bookshelf cited)
</a></li></ul>
</div>
<div id="linkout" class="linkout">
<h2 class="title">
LinkOut - more resources
</h2>
<ul class="linkout-list"><li><h3 class="linkout-category">Full Text Sources</h3><ul class="linkout-category-links"><li><a
href="https://core.ac.uk/reader/80800639?utm_source=linkout"
target="_blank"
rel="noopener"
ref="linksrc=linkout_link&PrId=10178&uid=25642805&db=pubmed&itool=Abstract&log$=linkoutlink&nlmid=8101187"
data-ga-category="link_out"
data-ga-action="Full Text Sources"
data-ga-label="CORE"
>
CORE
</a></li><li><a
href="https://www.thieme-connect.com/DOI/DOI?10.1055/s-0034-1399755"
target="_blank"
rel="noopener"
ref="linksrc=linkout_link&PrId=3400&uid=25642805&db=pubmed&itool=Abstract&log$=linkoutlink&nlmid=8101187"
data-ga-category="link_out"
data-ga-action="Full Text Sources"
data-ga-label="Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart, New York"
>
Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart, New York
</a></li><li><a
href="http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&amp;PAGE=linkout&amp;SEARCH=25642805.ui"
target="_blank"
rel="noopener"
ref="linksrc=linkout_link&PrId=3682&uid=25642805&db=pubmed&itool=Abstract&log$=linkoutlink&nlmid=8101187"
data-ga-category="link_out"
data-ga-action="Full Text Sources"
data-ga-label="Ovid Technologies, Inc."
>
Ovid Technologies, Inc.
</a></li></ul></li><li><h3 class="linkout-category">Medical</h3><ul class="linkout-category-links"><li><a
href="https://medlineplus.gov/mitochondrialdiseases.html"
target="_blank"
rel="noopener"
ref="linksrc=linkout_link&PrId=3162&uid=25642805&db=pubmed&itool=Abstract&log$=linkoutlink&nlmid=8101187"
data-ga-category="link_out"
data-ga-action="Medical"
data-ga-label="MedlinePlus Health Information"
>
MedlinePlus Health Information
</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div>
</main>
<div class="overlay" role="dialog" aria-label="Full Text Links Dialog">
<div id="full-text-links-dialog" class="dialog full-text-links-dialog">
<strong class="title">Full text links</strong>
<button class="close-overlay" tabindex="3">[x]</button>
<div class="full-text-links-list">
<a class="link-item
dialog-focus"
href="https://www.thieme-connect.com/DOI/DOI?10.1055/s-0034-1399755"
target="_blank"
rel="noopener"
ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&amp;is_pmc=False&amp;PrId=3400&amp;itool=Abstract-def&amp;log$=linkouticon&amp;uid=25642805&amp;db=pubmed&amp;nlmid=8101187"
title="See full text options at Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart, New York"
tabindex="1"
data-ga-category="full_text"
data-ga-action="Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart, New York"
data-ga-label="25642805"
><img src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/query/egifs/https:--cdn.thieme.de-thiemede-Thieme-Connect_NO%20FREE_LinkOut_Logo120x30.jpg" alt="Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart, New York full text link"><span class="text">
Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart, New York
</span></a><a class="link-item
"
href="https://core.ac.uk/reader/80800639?utm_source=linkout"
target="_blank"
rel="noopener"
ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&amp;is_pmc=False&amp;PrId=10178&amp;itool=Abstract-nondef&amp;log$=linkouticon&amp;uid=25642805&amp;db=pubmed&amp;nlmid=8101187"
title="See full text options at CORE"
tabindex="2"
data-ga-category="full_text"
data-ga-action="CORE"
data-ga-label="25642805"
><img src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/query/egifs/https:--core.ac.uk-resources-pmc-linkout-button.png" alt="CORE full text link"><span class="text">
CORE
</span></a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="overlay" role="dialog" aria-label="Citation Dialog">
<div class="dialog citation-dialog">
<button class="close-overlay" tabindex="1">[x]</button>
<div class="title">Cite</div>
<div class="citation-text-block">
<div class="citation-text"></div>
<div class="citation-actions">
<button
class="copy-button dialog-focus"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="cite"
data-ga-label="copy"
tabindex="2">
Copy
</button>
<form method="post">
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="d43RZ5Cu4kiqrdnkRnT3p806eDmVf6bbuRNWCV5QEV5UlEtauGw5TgwKMH478HJv">
<button type="submit"
class="export-button"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="cite"
data-ga-label="download"
title="Download a file for external citation management software"
tabindex="3">
<span class="download-title">Download .nbib</span>
<span class="download-title-mobile">.nbib</span>
</button>
</form>
<div class="citation-style-selector-wrapper">
<label class="selector-label">Format:</label>
<select aria-label="Format" class="citation-style-selector" tabindex="4">
<option data-style-url-name="ama"
value="AMA"
>
AMA
</option>
<option data-style-url-name="apa"
value="APA"
>
APA
</option>
<option data-style-url-name="mla"
value="MLA"
>
MLA
</option>
<option data-style-url-name="nlm"
value="NLM"
selected="selected">
NLM
</option>
</select>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="overlay" role="dialog" aria-label="More Actions Dialog">
<div id="more-actions-dialog" class="dialog more-actions-dialog">
<strong class="title">Send To</strong>
<ul class="more-actions-links">
<li><a id="clipboard-trigger" role="button" class="submit-button clipboard-trigger clipboard-trigger-target dialog-focus link-item " href="#">Clipboard</a></li>
<li><a class="email-trigger link-item" role="button" href="#">Email</a></li>
<li><a class="save-trigger link-item" role="button" href="#">Save</a></li>
<li><a class="link-item" role="button" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F25642805%2F%23open-bibliography-panel">My Bibliography</a></li>
<li><a class="link-item" role="button" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F25642805%2F%23open-collections-panel">Collections</a></li>
<li><a class="citation-manager-trigger link-item" role="button" href="#">Citation Manager</a></li>
</ul>
<button class="close-overlay">[x]</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="ncbi-footer">
<div class="literature-footer" role="complementary" title="Links to NCBI Literature Resources">
<div class="usa-grid">
<p class="literature-footer-text">NCBI Literature Resources</p>
<p class="literature-footer-text">
<a class="literature-footer-link" data-ga-category="literature_resources" data-ga-action="mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/">MeSH</a>
<a class="literature-footer-link" data-ga-category="literature_resources" data-ga-action="pmc_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/">PMC</a>
<a class="literature-footer-link" data-ga-category="literature_resources" data-ga-action="bookshelf_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books">Bookshelf</a>
<a class="literature-footer-link" data-ga-category="literature_resources" data-ga-action="disclaimer_link" href="/disclaimer/">Disclaimer</a>
</p>
<p class="literature-footer-text attribution-statement">The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited.</p>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ========== BEGIN FOOTER ========== -->
<footer>
<section class="icon-section">
<div id="icon-section-header" class="icon-section_header">Follow NCBI</div>
<div class="grid-container container">
<div class="icon-section_container">
<a class="footer-icon" id="footer_twitter" href="https://twitter.com/ncbi" aria-label="Twitter">
<svg width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 37" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<title>Twitter</title>
<g id="twitterx1008">
<path id="path1008"
d="M6.06736 7L16.8778 20.8991L6.00001 32.2H10.2L18.6 23.1L25.668 32.2H34L22.8 17.5L31.9 7H28.4L20.7 15.4L14.401 7H6.06898H6.06736ZM9.66753 8.73423H12.9327L29.7327 30.4658H26.5697L9.66753 8.73423Z"
fill="#5B616B"/>
</g>
</svg>
</a>
<a class="footer-icon" id="footer_facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/ncbi.nlm" aria-label="Facebook"><svg
data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 300 300">
<title>Facebook</title>
<path class="cls-11"
d="M210.5,115.12H171.74V97.82c0-8.14,5.39-10,9.19-10h27.14V52l-39.32-.12c-35.66,0-42.42,26.68-42.42,43.77v19.48H99.09v36.32h27.24v109h45.41v-109h35Z">
</path>
</svg></a>
<a class="footer-icon" id="footer_linkedin"
href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/ncbinlm"
aria-label="LinkedIn"><svg data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 300 300">
<title>LinkedIn</title>
<path class="cls-11"
d="M101.64,243.37H57.79v-114h43.85Zm-22-131.54h-.26c-13.25,0-21.82-10.36-21.82-21.76,0-11.65,8.84-21.15,22.33-21.15S101.7,78.72,102,90.38C102,101.77,93.4,111.83,79.63,111.83Zm100.93,52.61A17.54,17.54,0,0,0,163,182v61.39H119.18s.51-105.23,0-114H163v13a54.33,54.33,0,0,1,34.54-12.66c26,0,44.39,18.8,44.39,55.29v58.35H198.1V182A17.54,17.54,0,0,0,180.56,164.44Z">
</path>
</svg></a>
<a class="footer-icon" id="footer_github" href="https://github.com/ncbi" aria-label="GitHub"><svg
data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 300 300">
<defs>
<style>
.cls-11,
.cls-12 {
fill: #737373;
}
.cls-11 {
fill-rule: evenodd;
}
</style>
</defs>
<title>GitHub</title>
<path class="cls-11"
d="M151.36,47.28a105.76,105.76,0,0,0-33.43,206.1c5.28,1,7.22-2.3,7.22-5.09,0-2.52-.09-10.85-.14-19.69-29.42,6.4-35.63-12.48-35.63-12.48-4.81-12.22-11.74-15.47-11.74-15.47-9.59-6.56.73-6.43.73-6.43,10.61.75,16.21,10.9,16.21,10.9,9.43,16.17,24.73,11.49,30.77,8.79,1-6.83,3.69-11.5,6.71-14.14C108.57,197.1,83.88,188,83.88,147.51a40.92,40.92,0,0,1,10.9-28.39c-1.1-2.66-4.72-13.42,1-28,0,0,8.88-2.84,29.09,10.84a100.26,100.26,0,0,1,53,0C198,88.3,206.9,91.14,206.9,91.14c5.76,14.56,2.14,25.32,1,28a40.87,40.87,0,0,1,10.89,28.39c0,40.62-24.74,49.56-48.29,52.18,3.79,3.28,7.17,9.71,7.17,19.58,0,14.15-.12,25.54-.12,29,0,2.82,1.9,6.11,7.26,5.07A105.76,105.76,0,0,0,151.36,47.28Z">
</path>
<path class="cls-12"
d="M85.66,199.12c-.23.52-1.06.68-1.81.32s-1.2-1.06-.95-1.59,1.06-.69,1.82-.33,1.21,1.07.94,1.6Zm-1.3-1">
</path>
<path class="cls-12"
d="M90,203.89c-.51.47-1.49.25-2.16-.49a1.61,1.61,0,0,1-.31-2.19c.52-.47,1.47-.25,2.17.49s.82,1.72.3,2.19Zm-1-1.08">
</path>
<path class="cls-12"
d="M94.12,210c-.65.46-1.71,0-2.37-.91s-.64-2.07,0-2.52,1.7,0,2.36.89.65,2.08,0,2.54Zm0,0"></path>
<path class="cls-12"
d="M99.83,215.87c-.58.64-1.82.47-2.72-.41s-1.18-2.06-.6-2.7,1.83-.46,2.74.41,1.2,2.07.58,2.7Zm0,0">
</path>
<path class="cls-12"
d="M107.71,219.29c-.26.82-1.45,1.2-2.64.85s-2-1.34-1.74-2.17,1.44-1.23,2.65-.85,2,1.32,1.73,2.17Zm0,0">
</path>
<path class="cls-12"
d="M116.36,219.92c0,.87-1,1.59-2.24,1.61s-2.29-.68-2.3-1.54,1-1.59,2.26-1.61,2.28.67,2.28,1.54Zm0,0">
</path>
<path class="cls-12"
d="M124.42,218.55c.15.85-.73,1.72-2,1.95s-2.37-.3-2.52-1.14.73-1.75,2-2,2.37.29,2.53,1.16Zm0,0"></path>
</svg></a>
<a class="footer-icon" id="footer_blog" href="https://ncbiinsights.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" aria-label="Blog">
<svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 40 40"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#737373;}</style></defs><path class="cls-1" d="M14,30a4,4,0,1,1-4-4,4,4,0,0,1,4,4Zm11,3A19,19,0,0,0,7.05,15a1,1,0,0,0-1,1v3a1,1,0,0,0,.93,1A14,14,0,0,1,20,33.07,1,1,0,0,0,21,34h3a1,1,0,0,0,1-1Zm9,0A28,28,0,0,0,7,6,1,1,0,0,0,6,7v3a1,1,0,0,0,1,1A23,23,0,0,1,29,33a1,1,0,0,0,1,1h3A1,1,0,0,0,34,33Z"/></svg>
</a>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="container-fluid bg-primary">
<div class="container pt-5">
<div class="row mt-3">
<div class="col-lg-3 col-12">
<p><a class="text-white" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/socialmedia/index.html">Connect with NLM</a></p>
<ul class="list-inline social_media">
<li class="list-inline-item"><a href="https://twitter.com/NLM_NIH" aria-label="Twitter"
target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">
<svg width="35" height="35" viewBox="0 0 38 35" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<title>Twitter</title>
<g id="twitterx1009" clip-path="url(#clip0_65276_3946)">
<path id="Vector" d="M17.5006 34.6565C26.9761 34.6565 34.6575 26.9751 34.6575 17.4996C34.6575 8.02416 26.9761 0.342773 17.5006 0.342773C8.02514 0.342773 0.34375 8.02416 0.34375 17.4996C0.34375 26.9751 8.02514 34.6565 17.5006 34.6565Z" fill="#205493" stroke="white" stroke-width="1.2" stroke-miterlimit="10"></path>
<path id="path1009" d="M8.54811 8.5L16.2698 18.4279L8.50001 26.5H11.5L17.5 20L22.5486 26.5H28.5L20.5 16L27 8.5H24.5L19 14.5L14.5007 8.5H8.54927H8.54811ZM11.1197 9.73873H13.4519L25.4519 25.2613H23.1926L11.1197 9.73873Z" fill="white"></path>
</g>
<defs>
<clipPath id="clip0_65276_3946">
<rect width="38" height="38" fill="white"></rect>
</clipPath>
</defs>
</svg></a>
</li>
<li class="list-inline-item"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/nationallibraryofmedicine"
aria-label="Facebook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">
<svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px"
y="0px" viewBox="0 0 249 249" style="enable-background:new 0 0 249 249;" xml:space="preserve">
<style type="text/css">
.st10 {
fill: #FFFFFF;
}
.st110 {
fill: none;
stroke: #FFFFFF;
stroke-width: 8;
stroke-miterlimit: 10;
}
</style>
<title>SM-Facebook</title>
<g>
<g>
<path class="st10" d="M159,99.1h-24V88.4c0-5,3.3-6.2,5.7-6.2h16.8V60l-24.4-0.1c-22.1,0-26.2,16.5-26.2,27.1v12.1H90v22.5h16.9
v67.5H135v-67.5h21.7L159,99.1z"></path>
</g>
</g>
<circle class="st110" cx="123.6" cy="123.2" r="108.2"></circle>
</svg>
</a></li>
<li class="list-inline-item"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/NLMNIH" aria-label="Youtube"
target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 249 249"
style="enable-background:new 0 0 249 249;" xml:space="preserve">
<title>SM-Youtube</title>
<style type="text/css">
.st4 {
fill: none;
stroke: #FFFFFF;
stroke-width: 8;
stroke-miterlimit: 10;
}
.st5 {
fill: #FFFFFF;
}
</style>
<circle class="st4" cx="124.2" cy="123.4" r="108.2"></circle>
<g transform="translate(0,-952.36218)">
<path class="st5"
d="M88.4,1037.4c-10.4,0-18.7,8.3-18.7,18.7v40.1c0,10.4,8.3,18.7,18.7,18.7h72.1c10.4,0,18.7-8.3,18.7-18.7
v-40.1c0-10.4-8.3-18.7-18.7-18.7H88.4z M115.2,1058.8l29.4,17.4l-29.4,17.4V1058.8z"></path>
</g>
</svg></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-3 col-12">
<p class="address_footer text-white">National Library of Medicine<br>
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/8600+Rockville+Pike,+Bethesda,+MD+20894/@38.9959508,-77.101021,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x89b7c95e25765ddb:0x19156f88b27635b8!8m2!3d38.9959508!4d-77.0988323"
class="text-white" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">8600 Rockville Pike<br>
Bethesda, MD 20894</a></p>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-3 col-12 centered-lg">
<p><a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/web_policies.html" class="text-white">Web Policies</a><br>
<a href="https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/freedom-information-act-office"
class="text-white">FOIA</a><br>
<a href="https://www.hhs.gov/vulnerability-disclosure-policy/index.html" class="text-white" id="vdp">HHS Vulnerability Disclosure</a></p>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-3 col-12 centered-lg">
<p><a class="supportLink text-white" href="https://support.nlm.nih.gov/">Help</a><br>
<a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/accessibility.html" class="text-white">Accessibility</a><br>
<a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/careers/careers.html" class="text-white">Careers</a></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-12 centered-lg">
<nav class="bottom-links">
<ul class="mt-3">
<li>
<a class="text-white" href="//www.nlm.nih.gov/">NLM</a>
</li>
<li>
<a class="text-white"
href="https://www.nih.gov/">NIH</a>
</li>
<li>
<a class="text-white" href="https://www.hhs.gov/">HHS</a>
</li>
<li>
<a
class="text-white" href="https://www.usa.gov/">USA.gov</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
</footer>
<!-- ========== END FOOTER ========== -->
<!-- javascript to inject NWDS meta tags. Note: value of nwds_version is updated by "npm version" command -->
<script type="text/javascript">
var nwds_version = "1.2.3";
var meta_nwds_ver = document.createElement('meta');
meta_nwds_ver.name = 'ncbi_nwds_ver';
meta_nwds_ver.content = nwds_version;
document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(meta_nwds_ver);
var meta_nwds = document.createElement('meta');
meta_nwds.name = 'ncbi_nwds';
meta_nwds.content = 'yes';
document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(meta_nwds);
var alertsUrl = "/core/alerts/alerts.js";
if (typeof ncbiBaseUrl !== 'undefined') {
alertsUrl = ncbiBaseUrl + alertsUrl;
}
</script>
</div>
<!-- jQuery with plugins -->
<script src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/277eb475-38df-4990-a0ee-0080b04e86fc/CACHE/js/output.293fbf76aa18.js"></script>
<!-- Project base scripts -->
<script src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/277eb475-38df-4990-a0ee-0080b04e86fc/CACHE/js/output.550e9c8906a2.js"></script>
<script>
ncbi.awesome.basePage.init({
userInfo: {
isLoggedIn: false,
username: "",
loginUrl: "https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F25642805%2F",
logoutUrl: "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/signout/?back_url=https%3A//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25642805/"
},
baseUrl: 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov',
noSessionCookieName: "pm-ns",
searchIdCookieName: "pm-sid",
adjNavSearchIdCookieName: "pm-adjnav-sid",
searchFormSubmittedCookieName: "pm-sfs",
isOnSearchPageCookieName: "pm-iosp",
backToSearchCookieName: "pm-btsl",
clinicalSeeAllCookieName: "pm-csa",
jsCookieDomain: "pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov",
userShareRequestFailed: "",
noSharedSettings: "myncbi_no_shared_settings",
noSharedAccount: "myncbi_no_shared_account"
});
</script>
<script type="module">
import dismissableNCBIAlert from "https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/277eb475-38df-4990-a0ee-0080b04e86fc/core/dismissable-ncbi-alert.js";
jQuery.getScript("https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/core/alerts/alerts.js", function () {
galert(['body > *:last-child']);
dismissableNCBIAlert();
}).fail(function() {
});
</script>
<script defer type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/core/pinger/pinger.js"> </script>
<script src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/277eb475-38df-4990-a0ee-0080b04e86fc/CACHE/js/output.e3950ac8c6da.js"></script>
<script>
ncbi.awesome.articlePage.init({
baseSuggestionsUrl: "/suggestions/",
mathJaxUrl: "https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/277eb475-38df-4990-a0ee-0080b04e86fc/mathjax/unpacked/MathJax.js?config=MML_CHTML",
clipboardAPIRoot: "/ajax/clipboard/",
clipboardNextPageUrl: "/clipboard-next-page/",
searchIdCookieName: "pm-sid",
searchFormSubmittedCookieName: "pm-sfs",
backToSearchCookieName: "pm-btsl",
jsCookieDomain: "pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov",
longTermPrefix: "longquery",
adjNavURLPath: "/25642805/adj-nav/",
adjNavSearchIdCookieName: "pm-adjnav-sid",
articlePageUrl: "/25642805/",
markJSUrl: "https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/277eb475-38df-4990-a0ee-0080b04e86fc/mark.js/dist/jquery.mark.js",
termHighlightColor: "",
highlightedTokens: "",
citeFormatPreferenceCookieName: "pm-cf"
});
</script>
</body>
</html>