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||
|
||
<span class="search-input-link user-guide-link" role="navigation" aria-label="User guide">
|
||
<a href="/help/"
|
||
data-ga-category="featured_link"
|
||
data-ga-action="user_guide">
|
||
User Guide
|
||
</a>
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</form>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="article-page-header">
|
||
<div id="article-top-actions-bar" class="article-top-actions-bar">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<div class="actions-container">
|
||
<div class="return-to-search">
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="multiple-results-actions " role="region" aria-label="save, email, send to">
|
||
<button id="save-results-panel-trigger"
|
||
type="button"
|
||
class="save-results save-results-panel-trigger"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
aria-controls="save-action-panel"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="save"
|
||
data-ga-label="open">
|
||
Save
|
||
</button><button id="email-results-panel-trigger"
|
||
type="button"
|
||
class="email-results email-results-panel-trigger"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
aria-controls="email-action-panel"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="email"
|
||
data-ga-label="open">
|
||
Email
|
||
</button><div class="more-actions dropdown-block"><button id="more-actions-trigger"
|
||
type="button"
|
||
class="trigger more-actions-trigger"
|
||
ref="linksrc=show_moreactions_btn"
|
||
aria-label="Send to"
|
||
aria-controls="more-actions-dropdown">Send to</button><div id="more-actions-dropdown" class="dropdown dropdown-container" hidden><div class="content"><ul class="more-actions-links"><li><a class="clipboard-panel-trigger dropdown-block-link "
|
||
href="#"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="clipboard"
|
||
data-ga-label="send">
|
||
Clipboard
|
||
</a></li><li><a role="button" class="dropdown-block-link bibliography-trigger-target" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F24030950%2F%23open-bibliography-panel">My Bibliography</a></li><li><a role="button" class="dropdown-block-link collections-trigger-target" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F24030950%2F%23open-collections-panel">Collections</a></li><li><a role="button" class="citation-manager-panel-trigger dropdown-block-link citation-manager-trigger-target" href="#">Citation manager</a></li></ul></div></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="display-options" data-format-key="format"
|
||
data-default-format-value="abstract"
|
||
data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region">
|
||
<button
|
||
class="trigger usa-button"
|
||
title="Change format"
|
||
data-ga-category="display_options"
|
||
data-ga-action="display_options_dialog">
|
||
<span class="button-label">Display options</span>
|
||
</button>
|
||
|
||
<div class="dropdown" hidden>
|
||
<div class="title">
|
||
Display options
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
|
||
<div class="format-container">
|
||
<span class="option-label">
|
||
Format
|
||
</span>
|
||
<select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="article-display-format">
|
||
<option value="abstract">Abstract</option>
|
||
|
||
<option value="pubmed">PubMed</option>
|
||
|
||
<option value="pmid">PMID</option>
|
||
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="Lf0vwodcIMKaz5QGFFf9oWX3LX6n67oV22KA9eGyinxEtwWwiYSbS4tHj1OzZIWf">
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="article-panels-container" class="article-panels-container">
|
||
<div id="save-action-panel" class="save-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Save citation to file
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<form id="save-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
action="/results-export-ids/"
|
||
data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/"
|
||
data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/"
|
||
method="post"
|
||
data-by-search-method="post"
|
||
data-by-ids-method="post">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="Lf0vwodcIMKaz5QGFFf9oWX3LX6n67oV22KA9eGyinxEtwWwiYSbS4tHj1OzZIWf">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="save-action-format" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Format:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="save-action-format" name="results-format" class="action-panel-selector">
|
||
<option value="summary-text">Summary (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="pubmed-text">PubMed</option>
|
||
<option value="pmid">PMID</option>
|
||
<option value="abstract">Abstract (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="csv">CSV</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Saving..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="save"
|
||
data-ga-label="save">
|
||
Create file
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Save citations to file' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_save_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="save-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="save"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="email-action-panel"
|
||
class="email-action-panel action-panel"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"
|
||
data-recaptcha-script-url="https://www.recaptcha.net/recaptcha/enterprise.js?render=explicit&onload=onloadCaptchaCallback"
|
||
data-recaptcha-enabled="true">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Email citation
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<form id="email-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
action="/send-email/"
|
||
data-by-search-action="/results-export-email-by-search-data/"
|
||
data-by-ids-action="/send-email/"
|
||
data-by-search-method="post"
|
||
data-by-ids-method="post"
|
||
method="post"
|
||
>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="Lf0vwodcIMKaz5QGFFf9oWX3LX6n67oV22KA9eGyinxEtwWwiYSbS4tHj1OzZIWf">
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<span class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Subject:
|
||
</span>
|
||
<span class="email-subject" id="email-subject" aria-label="Email subject">1 selected item: 24030950 - PubMed</span>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="email-subject" value="1 selected item: 24030950"/>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="email-subject-hash" value="b39e753c3ec29d2c4f5ae6722bdf0b01be1120678abb0623a6fa286d420bd0e1"/>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="email-to" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
To:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input type="email" aria-label="Recipient Email Address" placeholder="email@example.com" id="email-to" class="email-to" pattern="^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$" maxlength="100" required>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="email-from" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
From:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input type="email" aria-label="Sender Email Address" placeholder="email@example.com" id="email-from" class="email-from" pattern="^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$" maxlength="256">
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="email-citation-format" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Format:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="email-citation-format" name="citation-format" class="action-panel-selector email-citation-format">
|
||
<option selected="selected" value="summary">Summary</option>
|
||
<option value="summary-text">Summary (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="abstract">Abstract</option>
|
||
<option value="abstract-text">Abstract (text)</option>
|
||
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="include-supplemental-container">
|
||
<input type="checkbox" aria-label="Include MeSH and other data" name="include-supplemental" id="email-include-supplemental" class="email-include-supplemental">
|
||
<label for="email-include-supplemental" class="email-include-supplemental-label">MeSH and other data</label>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="form-field recaptcha ">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="g-recaptcha" id="id-recaptcha" data-sitekey="6LfsWHMdAAAAAClKbtOpjQ2pMjgsGxvv7NdZW9uI"></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="captcha-error-message" class="usa-input-error-message captcha-validation-message" role="alert"></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Sending..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="email"
|
||
data-ga-label="send">
|
||
Send email
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Email citations' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_email_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="email-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="email"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="email-search-details" value="" />
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="email-search-details-hash" value="0e42663a6c3bd85498fcb88798998fed7bfdc45d457db35281e41afe13cc0524" />
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="collections-action-panel"
|
||
class="collections-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"
|
||
data-collections-open-panel-enabled="false"
|
||
data-collections-open-panel-url-hash="#open-collections-panel">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h3 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Add to Collections
|
||
</h3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<form id="collections-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
|
||
data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/"
|
||
data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/"
|
||
data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/"
|
||
data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/"
|
||
data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100"
|
||
data-add-to-collection-max-amount="1000"
|
||
data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="Lf0vwodcIMKaz5QGFFf9oWX3LX6n67oV22KA9eGyinxEtwWwiYSbS4tHj1OzZIWf">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup">
|
||
<ul class="radio-group-items">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input type="radio"
|
||
id="collections-action-panel-new"
|
||
class="collections-new"
|
||
name="collections"
|
||
value="new"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="collections"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_radio_new">
|
||
<label for="collections-action-panel-new">Create a new collection</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input type="radio"
|
||
id="collections-action-panel-existing"
|
||
class="collections-existing"
|
||
name="collections"
|
||
value="existing"
|
||
checked="true"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="collections"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing">
|
||
<label for="collections-action-panel-existing">Add to an existing collection</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="controls-wrapper">
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls">
|
||
<label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Name your collection:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input
|
||
type="text"
|
||
name="add-to-new-collection"
|
||
id="collections-action-panel-add-to-new"
|
||
class="collections-action-add-to-new"
|
||
pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"
|
||
maxlength="100"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="create_collection"
|
||
data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection">
|
||
<div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Name must be less than 100 characters
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls">
|
||
<label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Choose a collection:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing"
|
||
class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="select_collection"
|
||
data-ga-label="($('#collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'">
|
||
</select>
|
||
<div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Unable to load your collection due to an error<br>
|
||
<a href="#">Please try again</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Adding..."
|
||
data-pinger-ignore
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="collections"
|
||
data-ga-label="add">
|
||
Add
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="collections-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="collections"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="bibliography-action-panel"
|
||
class="bibliography-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"
|
||
data-bibliography-open-panel-enabled="false"
|
||
data-bibliography-open-panel-url-hash="#open-bibliography-panel">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h3 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Add to My Bibliography
|
||
</h3>
|
||
<form id="bibliography-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="bibliography-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
|
||
data-add-to-bibliography-max-amount="100"
|
||
data-add-to-bibliography-batch-size="10"
|
||
data-bibliography-delegates-url="/list-bibliography-delegates/"
|
||
data-add-to-bibliography-url="/add-to-bibliography/"
|
||
data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/"
|
||
data-mybib-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/mybibliography/">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="Lf0vwodcIMKaz5QGFFf9oWX3LX6n67oV22KA9eGyinxEtwWwiYSbS4tHj1OzZIWf">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap bibliographies-controls">
|
||
<div class="choice-group">
|
||
<ul class="bibliographies-action-add radio-group-items">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input name="bibliography" id="my-bibliography" class="my-bibliography" type="radio" checked/>
|
||
<label for="my-bibliography">My Bibliography</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="bibliographies-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Unable to load your delegates due to an error<br>
|
||
<a href="#">Please try again</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Adding..."
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Add
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Add to bibliography' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_bibliography_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="bibliography-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="mybib"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="saved-search-action-panel" class="saved-search-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true"
|
||
data-saved-search-open-panel-enabled="false"
|
||
data-saved-search-open-panel-url-hash="#open-saved-search-panel">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Your saved search
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
<form id="saved-search-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="saved-search-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
data-create-saved-search-url="/create-saved-search/"
|
||
data-try-search-terms-url="/try-search-term/"
|
||
data-saved-search-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/searches/">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="Lf0vwodcIMKaz5QGFFf9oWX3LX6n67oV22KA9eGyinxEtwWwiYSbS4tHj1OzZIWf">
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-name" class="action-panel-label saved-search-name-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Name of saved search:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input maxlength="200"
|
||
type="text"
|
||
name="saved-search-name"
|
||
id="saved-search-name"
|
||
class="saved-search-name"
|
||
value=""
|
||
required
|
||
pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/">
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-term" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Search terms:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<textarea name="saved-search-term" id="saved-search-term" class="saved-search-term" required></textarea>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="test-search-term-wrap">
|
||
<a href="#" class="try-search-term">Test search terms</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="choice-group action-panel-extra-margin-top">
|
||
<span class="action-panel-label" id="fieldset-label">
|
||
Would you like email updates of new search results?
|
||
</span>
|
||
<fieldset id="saved-search-alert" aria-describedby="fieldset-label">
|
||
<legend class="usa-sr-only">Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons</legend>
|
||
<ul class="radio-group-items">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-yes" class="saved-search-alert-yes" name="saved-search-alert" value="yes" checked>
|
||
<label for="saved-search-alert-yes" class="action-panel-label">Yes</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input aria-label="No radio input" type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-no" class="saved-search-alert-no" name="saved-search-alert" value="no">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-alert-no" class="action-panel-label">No</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</fieldset>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="alert-schedule-wrap">
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Email:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<span aria-label="Email address" id="saved-search-email" class="action-panel-label"><span class="action-panel-label-bold"></span> (<a class="myncbi-account-settings" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/">change</a>)</span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-frequency" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Frequency:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-frequency" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-frequency">
|
||
<option value="monthly">Monthly</option>
|
||
<option value="weekly">Weekly</option>
|
||
<option value="daily">Daily</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-monthly-additional">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Which day?
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector">
|
||
<option value="Sunday">The first Sunday</option>
|
||
<option value="Monday">The first Monday</option>
|
||
<option value="Tuesday">The first Tuesday</option>
|
||
<option value="Wednesday">The first Wednesday</option>
|
||
<option value="Thursday">The first Thursday</option>
|
||
<option value="Friday">The first Friday</option>
|
||
<option value="Saturday">The first Saturday</option>
|
||
<option value="day">The first day</option>
|
||
<option value="weekday">The first weekday</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-weekly-additional">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Which day?
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-weekly-on-day">
|
||
<option value="Sunday">Sunday</option>
|
||
<option value="Monday">Monday</option>
|
||
<option value="Tuesday">Tuesday</option>
|
||
<option value="Wednesday">Wednesday</option>
|
||
<option value="Thursday">Thursday</option>
|
||
<option value="Friday">Friday</option>
|
||
<option value="Saturday">Saturday</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-report" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Report format:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-report" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-report">
|
||
<option value="DocSum">Summary</option>
|
||
<option value="DocSumText">Summary (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="Abstract">Abstract</option>
|
||
<option value="AbstractText">Abstract (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="MEDLINE">PubMed</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-amount" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Send at most:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-amount" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-amount">
|
||
<option value="1">1 item</option>
|
||
<option value="5" selected>5 items</option>
|
||
<option value="10">10 items</option>
|
||
<option value="20">20 items</option>
|
||
<option value="50">50 items</option>
|
||
<option value="100">100 items</option>
|
||
<option value="200">200 items</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div>
|
||
<input type="checkbox" id="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="saved-search-send-if-no-result" name="saved-search-send-if-no-result">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="action-panel-label smaller-checkbox">
|
||
Send even when there aren't any new results
|
||
</label>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap option-text-in-email-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-email-text" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Optional text in email:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<textarea name="saved-search-email-text"
|
||
id="saved-search-email-text"
|
||
class="saved-search-email-text"></textarea>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Saving..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="alert"
|
||
data-ga-label="save">
|
||
Save
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Your saved search' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_saved_search_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="saved-search-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="alert"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="citation-manager-action-panel" class="citation-manager-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Create a file for external citation management software
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<form id="citation-manager-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
action="/results-export-ids/"
|
||
data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/"
|
||
data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/"
|
||
method="post"
|
||
data-by-search-method="post"
|
||
data-by-ids-method="post">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="Lf0vwodcIMKaz5QGFFf9oWX3LX6n67oV22KA9eGyinxEtwWwiYSbS4tHj1OzZIWf">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input name="results-format" type="hidden" value="pubmed"/>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Sending..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="citation_manager"
|
||
data-ga-label="save">
|
||
Create file
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Send citations to citation manager' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_citation_manager_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="citation-manager-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="citation_manager"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="rss-action-panel" class="rss-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Your RSS Feed
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
<form id="rss-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="rss-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
data-create-rss-feed-url="/create-rss-feed-url/"
|
||
data-search-form-term-value="">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="Lf0vwodcIMKaz5QGFFf9oWX3LX6n67oV22KA9eGyinxEtwWwiYSbS4tHj1OzZIWf">
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="rss-name" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Name of RSS Feed:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input maxlength="200"
|
||
placeholder="Name"
|
||
type="text"
|
||
name="rss-name"
|
||
id="rss-name"
|
||
class="rss-name"
|
||
value=''
|
||
required
|
||
pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/">
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="rss-limit-wrap">
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top">
|
||
<label for="rss-limit" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Number of items displayed:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="rss-limit" class="no-border-panel-selector rss-limit">
|
||
<option value="5">5</option>
|
||
<option value="10">10</option>
|
||
<option value="15" selected="selected">15</option>
|
||
<option value="20">20</option>
|
||
<option value="50">50</option>
|
||
<option value="100">100</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Creating..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="alert"
|
||
data-ga-label="save">
|
||
Create RSS
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Your RSS' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_rss_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="rss-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="alert"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap rss-link-copy-wrap">
|
||
<label for="rss-link" class="usa-sr-only">RSS Link</label>
|
||
<input placeholder="Your RSS Feed Link" type="text" name="rss-link" id="rss-link" class="rss-link" title="RSS Link">
|
||
<button
|
||
type="button"
|
||
disabled
|
||
class="rss-link-copy-button disabled"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="rss"
|
||
data-ga-label="copy">
|
||
Copy
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="article-page" id="article-page" data-article-pmid="24030950">
|
||
<aside class="page-sidebar">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
|
||
<div class="full-text-links">
|
||
<div class="full-view">
|
||
<h3 class="title">
|
||
Full text links
|
||
</h3>
|
||
<div class="full-text-links-list">
|
||
<a class="link-item
|
||
|
||
dialog-focus"
|
||
href="https://academic.oup.com/brain/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/brain/awt227"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="noopener"
|
||
|
||
ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&is_pmc=False&PrId=7898&itool=Abstract-def&log$=linkouticon&uid=24030950&db=pubmed&nlmid=0372537"
|
||
title="See full text options at Silverchair Information Systems"
|
||
|
||
data-ga-category="full_text"
|
||
data-ga-action="Silverchair Information Systems"
|
||
data-ga-label="24030950"
|
||
><img src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/query/egifs/https:--academic.oup.com-images-oup_pubmed.png" alt="Silverchair Information Systems full text link"><span class="text">
|
||
|
||
Silverchair Information Systems
|
||
|
||
</span></a><a class="link-item
|
||
pmc
|
||
"
|
||
href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/24030950/"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="noopener"
|
||
|
||
ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&is_pmc=True&PrId=3494&itool=Abstract-def&log$=linkouticon&uid=24030950&db=pubmed&nlmid=0372537"
|
||
title="Free full text at PubMed Central"
|
||
|
||
data-ga-category="full_text"
|
||
data-ga-action="PMC"
|
||
data-ga-label="24030950"
|
||
><span class="text">
|
||
|
||
Free PMC article
|
||
|
||
</span></a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="short-view">
|
||
<a href="#" class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger">
|
||
Full text links
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="actions-buttons sidebar"><h3 class="title">Actions</h3><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger"
|
||
aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="cite"
|
||
data-ga-label="open"
|
||
data-all-citations-url="/24030950/citations/"
|
||
data-citation-style="nlm"
|
||
data-pubmed-format-link="/24030950/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><link type="text/css" href="ncbi-overlay-block/src/overlay-block.css"><div class="collections-button-container" data-article-id="24030950" data-article-db="pubmed"><button class="collections-button collections-dialog-trigger"
|
||
aria-label="Save article in MyNCBI collections."
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_button"
|
||
data-collections-open-dialog-enabled="false"
|
||
data-collections-open-dialog-url="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F24030950%2F%23open-collections-dialog"
|
||
data-in-collections="false"><span class="button-label">Collections</span></button><div class="overlay" role="dialog"><div id="collections-action-dialog"
|
||
class="dialog collections-dialog"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"><div class="title">Add to Collections</div><div class="collections-action-panel action-panel"><form id="collections-action-dialog-form"
|
||
class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
|
||
data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/"
|
||
data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/"
|
||
data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/"
|
||
data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100"
|
||
data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/"><input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="Lf0vwodcIMKaz5QGFFf9oWX3LX6n67oV22KA9eGyinxEtwWwiYSbS4tHj1OzZIWf"><div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup"><ul class="radio-group-items"><li><input type="radio"
|
||
id="collections-action-dialog-new"
|
||
class="collections-new"
|
||
name="collections"
|
||
value="new"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_radio_new"><label for="collections-action-dialog-new">Create a new collection</label></li><li><input type="radio"
|
||
id="collections-action-dialog-existing"
|
||
class="collections-existing"
|
||
name="collections"
|
||
value="existing"
|
||
checked="true"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing"><label for="collections-action-dialog-existing">Add to an existing collection</label></li></ul></div><div class="controls-wrapper"><div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Name your collection:
|
||
</label><input
|
||
type="text"
|
||
name="add-to-new-collection"
|
||
id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new"
|
||
class="collections-action-add-to-new"
|
||
pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"
|
||
maxlength="100"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="create_collection"
|
||
data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"><div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Name must be less than 100 characters
|
||
</div></div><div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Choose a collection:
|
||
</label><select id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing"
|
||
class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="select_collection"
|
||
data-ga-label="($('.collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"></select><div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Unable to load your collection due to an error<br><a href="#">Please try again</a></div></div></div><div class="action-panel-actions"><button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Adding..."
|
||
data-pinger-ignore
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="add">
|
||
Add
|
||
</button><button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="collections-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button></div></form></div></div></div></div><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger"
|
||
title="Open dialog with more actions to take"
|
||
ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" data-format-key="format"
|
||
data-default-format-value="abstract"
|
||
data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"><button
|
||
class="trigger usa-button"
|
||
title="Change format"
|
||
data-ga-category="display_options"
|
||
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Defective autophagy in spastizin mutated patients with hereditary spastic paraparesis type 15
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Defective autophagy in spastizin mutated patients with hereditary spastic paraparesis type 15
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<p>
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Hereditary spastic paraparesis type 15 is a recessive complicated form of the disease clinically characterized by slowly progressive spastic paraparesis and mental deterioration with onset between the first and second decade of life. Thinning of corpus callosum is the neuroradiological distinctive sign frequently associated with white matter abnormalities. The causative gene, ZFYVE26, encodes a large protein of 2539 amino acid residues, termed spastizin, containing three recognizable domains: a zinc finger, a leucine zipper and a FYVE domain. Spastizin protein has a diffuse cytoplasmic distribution and co-localizes partially with early endosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, microtubules and vesicles involved in protein trafficking. In addition, spastizin localizes to the mid-body during the final step of mitosis and contributes to successful cytokinesis. Spastizin interacts with Beclin 1, a protein required for cytokinesis and autophagy, which is the major lysosome-mediated degradation process in the cell. In view of the Beclin 1-spastizin interaction, we investigated the possible role of spastizin in autophagy. We carried out this analysis by using lymphoblast and fibroblast cells derived from four different spastizin mutated patients (p.I508N, p.L243P, p.R1209fsX, p.S1312X) and from control subjects. Of note, the truncating p.R1209fsX and p.S1312X mutations lead to loss of spastizin protein. The results obtained indicate that spastizin interacts with the autophagy related Beclin 1-UVRAG-Rubicon multiprotein complex and is required for autophagosome maturation. In cells lacking spastizin or with mutated forms of the protein, spastizin interaction with Beclin 1 is lost although the formation of the Beclin 1-UVRAG-Rubicon complex can still be observed. However, in these cells we demonstrate an impairment of autophagosome maturation and an accumulation of immature autophagosomes. Autophagy defects with autophagosome accumulation can be observed also in neuronal cells upon spastizin silencing. These results indicate that autophagy is a central process in the pathogenesis of complicated forms of hereditary spastic paraparesis with thin corpus callosum.
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<p>
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<strong class="sub-title">
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Keywords:
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</strong>
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Beclin 1; SPG15; autophagosome maturation; autophagy; spastizin.
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</p>
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<p class="disclaimer" id="disclaimer">
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<a href="/disclaimer/" target="_blank" data-ga-category="literature_resources"
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data-ga-action="disclaimer_link" data-ga-label="under_abstract">PubMed Disclaimer</a>
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</p>
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<div class="figures" id="figures">
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<h2 class="title">
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Figures
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<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
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src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/993d/3784282/ef1458187163/awt227f1p.gif"
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alt="Figure 1" />
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<strong class="figure-label">
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<p> Figure 1 </p>
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</strong>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Spastizin interacts with Beclin 1,… </p></div>
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<strong class="figure-label">
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<p> Figure 1 </p>
|
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</strong>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Spastizin interacts with Beclin 1, Vps34, Rubicon and UVRAG in HeLa cells. Total… </p></div>
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</div>
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<figcaption id="figure-caption-0" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
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<strong class="figure-label">
|
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Figure 1
|
||
</strong>
|
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|
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|
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<div class="figure-caption-contents">Spastizin interacts with Beclin 1, Vps34, Rubicon and UVRAG in HeLa cells. Total protein extracts were prepared from HeLa cells untreated (unt) or starved with Earle’s Balanced Salt Solution (EB) for 2 h and then subjected to immunoprecipitation (IP) with anti-Beclin 1 (<b>A</b>), anti-spastizin (<b>B</b>) and anti-UVRAG,-Rubicon, -Atg14L or -Vps34 antibodies (<b>C</b>). Proteins were loaded on 6% polyacrylamide gels. Total protein extracts used for the immunoprecipitation were loaded as positive control (Input). Total protein extracts were immunoprecipitated also with an antibody against rabbit IgG isotype as negative control (IgG). Specific bands are indicated by the arrows. The 50 kDa rabbit IgG heavy chain is indicated (IgG heavy) where present. Shown is a representative of three reproducible blots.</div>
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<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
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id="article-image-1"
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src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/993d/3784282/56370f7d4a33/awt227f2p.gif"
|
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alt="Figure 2" />
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<strong class="figure-label">
|
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<p> Figure 2 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
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|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Spastizin partially co-localizes with Beclin… </p></div>
|
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|
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<strong class="figure-label">
|
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<p> Figure 2 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Spastizin partially co-localizes with Beclin 1, Rubicon, UVRAG and Vps34 in HeLa cells.… </p></div>
|
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|
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</div>
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<figcaption id="figure-caption-1" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
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<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
Figure 2
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Spastizin partially co-localizes with Beclin 1, Rubicon, UVRAG and Vps34 in HeLa cells. Untreated HeLa cells were fixed and immunostained with anti-spastizin (red) and anti-Beclin 1, -Rubicon, -UVRAG, -Atg14 and -Vps34 (green) antibodies. Yellow in the merge images indicates partial co-localization of spastizin with Beclin 1, Rubicon, UVRAG and Vps34. Co-localization is indicated by arrows in the magnified boxed area on the <i>right</i>. Scale bar = 10 µm.</div>
|
||
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|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
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||
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|
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<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
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src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/993d/3784282/c90549f87a2c/awt227f3p.gif"
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alt="Figure 3" />
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<strong class="figure-label">
|
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<p> Figure 3 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Spastizin does not localize on… </p></div>
|
||
|
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|
||
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|
||
</div>
|
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|
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<strong class="figure-label">
|
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<p> Figure 3 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
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|
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|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Spastizin does not localize on autophagy-related structures. ( <b> A </b> ) HeLa cells were… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
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|
||
</div>
|
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<figcaption id="figure-caption-2" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
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<strong class="figure-label">
|
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Figure 3
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Spastizin does not localize on autophagy-related structures. (<b>A</b>) HeLa cells were transfected with MAP1LC3BRFP for the staining of autophagosomes (red), 24 h later cells were starved with Earle’s Balanced Salt Solution for 30 min, fixed and immunostained with anti-spastizin (green) and anti-Atg12 or Atg16 (blue) antibodies. Spastizin does not co-localize with the autophagosomal marker LC3 or with the isolation membrane markers Atg12 and Atg16. Scale bar = 10 µm. (<b>B</b>) Untreated HeLa cells were fixed and immunostained with anti-spastizin (red) and anti-Rab5 or -LAMP2 (green) antibodies. Yellow in the merge images indicates co-localization of spastizin with early endosomes. Scale bar = 10 µm.</div>
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|
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|
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src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/993d/3784282/8aab9ed4e7d4/awt227f4p.gif"
|
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alt="Figure 4" />
|
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<strong class="figure-label">
|
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<p> Figure 4 </p>
|
||
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|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Patient's families and <i> ZFYVE26 </i> mutations.… </p></div>
|
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|
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<p> Figure 4 </p>
|
||
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|
||
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|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Patient's families and <i> ZFYVE26 </i> mutations. ( <b> A </b> ) Pedigrees of the families carrying… </p></div>
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|
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Figure 4
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
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|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Patient's families and <i>ZFYVE26</i> mutations. (<b>A</b>) Pedigrees of the families carrying the <i>ZFYVE26</i> mutations here identified. Arrows indicate the proband in each family. Asterisks indicate the subjects for whom DNA was available. Elechtropherograms of mutant and control sequences are shown below, with boxes indicating the mutant nucleotide for each mutation. A partial multiple alignment of protein sequences of human spastizin and orthologues from other species with positions of the mutant residues (L243P and I508N) boxed is shown below. A schematic representation of spastizin protein domains is shown with a summary of the spastizin mutations identified in this work (L243P, I508N and S1312X) and analysed (L243P, I508N, S1312X and R1209fsX in Hanein <i>et al.</i>, 2008). (<b>B</b>) Spastizin protein levels in spastizin mutated cells. Total extracts prepared from L243P, I508N, and S1312X mutated and control (ctr) lymphoblast cells were run on 6% SDS-polyacrylamide gel and stained with an anti-spastizin antibody directed against the N-terminus of the protein and with anti-actin antibody. Whereas L243P and I508N mutated cells express spastizin at the expected 280 kDa size, no signal is observed in S1312X mutated cells at the size of 154 kDa corresponding to the truncated protein. (<b>C</b>) Spastizin protein levels in R1209fsX mutated fibroblast. Total extracts prepared from R1209fsX, S1312X and control fibroblasts were run on 6% SDS-polyacrylamide gel and stained with an anti-spastizin antibody directed against the N-terminus of the protein and with anti-actin antibody. No signal is observed in R1209fsX mutated cells at the size of 135 kDa corresponding to the truncated protein, analogously to what is observed in S1312X mutated fibroblasts.</div>
|
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|
||
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|
||
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Figure 5 </p>
|
||
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> SPG15-related mutations alter spastizin interactions… </p></div>
|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<p> Figure 5 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
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|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> SPG15-related mutations alter spastizin interactions with Beclin 1-complexes. Total protein extracts were prepared… </p></div>
|
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|
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</div>
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<strong class="figure-label">
|
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Figure 5
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">SPG15-related mutations alter spastizin interactions with Beclin 1-complexes. Total protein extracts were prepared from lymphoblastoid cells untreated or starved with Earle’s Balanced Salt Solution for 2 h (starvation) and subjected to immunoprecipitation (IP) with anti-spastizin (<b>A</b>) or anti-Beclin 1 (<b>B</b>) antibodies. Proteins were loaded on 6% SDS-polyacrylamide gels. Total protein extracts used for the IP were tested for the presence of relevant proteins with similar results in all cell lines and control cell extracts were loaded as positive control (Input). Specific bands are indicated by the arrows. Where present, the 50 kDa rabbit IgG heavy chain is also indicated. Shown is a representative of three reproducible blots. Beclin 1 levels in untreated control and L243P, I508N and S1312X mutated cells were quantified from <b>A</b>, normalized on IgG and shown in the graph.</div>
|
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<figure class="figure-item "
|
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itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
|
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itemprop="associatedMedia"
|
||
data-slide-index="5"
|
||
data-label-slug="figure-6">
|
||
<a class="figure-link"
|
||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/993d/3784282/e92075d493c3/awt227f6p.jpg"
|
||
itemprop="contentUrl"
|
||
aria-describedby="figure-caption-5"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-image-width="706"
|
||
data-image-height="1879"
|
||
data-image-alt="Figure 6"
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC3784282"
|
||
data-figure-id="awt227-F6">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-5"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/993d/3784282/e73e156712ca/awt227f6p.gif"
|
||
alt="Figure 6" />
|
||
</a>
|
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|
||
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="706">
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<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="1879">
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<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
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<div class="caption-wrap">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Figure 6 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Spastizin mutations induce accumulation of… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
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<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Figure 6 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Spastizin mutations induce accumulation of autophagosomes in fibroblast cells. Control (ctr) and L243P,… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-5" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
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||
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|
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|
||
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|
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<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
Figure 6
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Spastizin mutations induce accumulation of autophagosomes in fibroblast cells. Control (ctr) and L243P, R1209fsX and S1312X spastizin mutated fibroblast cells were transfected with MAP1LC3B-RFP for the staining of autophagosomal vesicles (red) and 24 h later were starved for 2 h to induce autophagy (starvation), fixed and immunostained with anti-p62 (green) antibody. Yellow in the merge images indicates co-localization of p62 and LC3. LC3-positive vesicles quantification is shown in Fig. 7B. Scale bar = 10 µm. unt = untreated.</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figure>
|
||
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||
<figure class="figure-item tail"
|
||
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
|
||
itemprop="associatedMedia"
|
||
data-slide-index="6"
|
||
data-label-slug="figure-7">
|
||
<a class="figure-link"
|
||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/993d/3784282/10a355bcaba0/awt227f7p.jpg"
|
||
itemprop="contentUrl"
|
||
aria-describedby="figure-caption-6"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-image-width="745"
|
||
data-image-height="968"
|
||
data-image-alt="Figure 7"
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC3784282"
|
||
data-figure-id="awt227-F7">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-6"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/993d/3784282/3560b074c304/awt227f7p.gif"
|
||
alt="Figure 7" />
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="745">
|
||
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="968">
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||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
<div class="caption-wrap">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Figure 7 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Spastizin depletion induces accumulation of… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Figure 7 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Spastizin depletion induces accumulation of autophagosomes in cells in which spastizin had been… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-6" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
Figure 7
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Spastizin depletion induces accumulation of autophagosomes in cells in which spastizin had been silenced. Control fibroblast cells were transfected with two different Spg15 short hairpin RNA vectors (shRNA1 or shRNA2), showing similar silencing efficiency, both with a GFP tag (green) and with MAP1LC3B-RFP for the staining of autophagosomes (red). Forty-eight hours later cells were starved for 2 h (starvation), fixed and immunostained with anti-p62 (blue) antibody. Violet in the merge indicates co-localization of p62 and LC3. Scale bar = 10 µm. (<b>B</b>) Quantification of LC3-positive vesicles from the silenced fibroblasts above and from controls and mutated cells of Fig. 6 is shown in the graph. The graph shows the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments for a total of at least 30 cells for each sample (***<i>P</i> < 0.001).</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="figure-item tail"
|
||
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
|
||
itemprop="associatedMedia"
|
||
data-slide-index="7"
|
||
data-label-slug="figure-8">
|
||
<a class="figure-link"
|
||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/993d/3784282/b463083d2822/awt227f8p.jpg"
|
||
itemprop="contentUrl"
|
||
aria-describedby="figure-caption-7"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-image-width="780"
|
||
data-image-height="975"
|
||
data-image-alt="Figure 8"
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC3784282"
|
||
data-figure-id="awt227-F8">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-7"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/993d/3784282/849869f4a46f/awt227f8p.gif"
|
||
alt="Figure 8" />
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="780">
|
||
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="975">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
<div class="caption-wrap">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Figure 8 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Spastizin mutations induce an increase… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Figure 8 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Spastizin mutations induce an increase in LC3-II and p62 levels. ( <b> A </b> )… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-7" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
Figure 8
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Spastizin mutations induce an increase in LC3-II and p62 levels. (<b>A</b>) Lymphoblastoid cells from patients carrying L243P, I508N and S1312X spastizin mutations, three healthy control individuals and one healthy carrier from the I508N mutated family were starved with Earle’s Balanced Salt Solution for different times, from 30 min to 6 h to induce autophagy. Untreated and treated cells were lysed and total protein extracts were run on 6 or 10% SDS-polyacrylamide gels and probed with anti-p62, LC3B, -Beclin 1, -mTor, -phospho-mTor (P-mTor), -LAMP1, -Atg7 and -actin antibodies. In the figure is shown only one control (ctr), whereas results from the remaining three controls are reported in <ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://brain.oxfordjournals.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1093/brain/awt227/-/DC1">Supplementary Fig. 7A</ext-link>. Arrows indicate the two isoforms LC3-I and LC3-II. LC3-II and p62 levels were quantified and normalized on actin levels. The graphs show the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments (***<i>P</i> < 0.001). The mean of all the four controls is reported in the graphs. (<b>B</b>) Fibroblast cells from patients carrying R1209fsX and S1312X spastizin mutations and from a control were starved as in <b>A</b> to induce autophagy. Total protein extracts were run on 12% SDS-polyacrylamide gels and probed with anti-LC3B, -p62 and -actin antibodies. Shown is a representative of three reproducible blots. LC3-II and p62 levels were quantified and normalized on actin levels. The graphs show the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments (***<i>P</i> < 0.001). (<b>C</b>) Silencing of ZFYVE26 increases LC3-II and p62 levels. HeLa cells were transfected with Spg15 short hairpin RNA or with a control vector (ctr) and 72 h later were starved to induce autophagy. Total extracts were probed with anti-LC3B, -p62, -actin and -spastizin antibodies, the latter to show the residual spastizin levels in <i>ZFYVE26</i> (Spg15) short hairpin RNA-transfected cells. Shown is a representative of three reproducible blots.</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="figure-item tail"
|
||
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
|
||
itemprop="associatedMedia"
|
||
data-slide-index="8"
|
||
data-label-slug="figure-9">
|
||
<a class="figure-link"
|
||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/993d/3784282/75d914d7b8dd/awt227f9p.jpg"
|
||
itemprop="contentUrl"
|
||
aria-describedby="figure-caption-8"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-image-width="750"
|
||
data-image-height="1000"
|
||
data-image-alt="Figure 9"
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC3784282"
|
||
data-figure-id="awt227-F9">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-8"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/993d/3784282/4c55b960c778/awt227f9p.gif"
|
||
alt="Figure 9" />
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="750">
|
||
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="1000">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
<div class="caption-wrap">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Figure 9 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Analysis of the effect of… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Figure 9 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Analysis of the effect of autophagy inhibition with bafilomycin A1 in control and… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-8" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
Figure 9
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Analysis of the effect of autophagy inhibition with bafilomycin A1 in control and spastizin (Spg15) mutated cells. (<b>A</b>) L243P, I508N and S1312X spastizin mutated and four different control (one is shown, the others are reported in <ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://brain.oxfordjournals.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1093/brain/awt227/-/DC1">Supplementary Fig. 7B</ext-link>) lymphoblast cells were incubated with 200 nM bafilomycin A1 in complete medium (unt) or in starvation medium (starv) for 1 h. Total protein extracts were run on 12% SDS-polyacrylamide gels and probed with anti LC3B and actin antibodies. Shown is a representative blot out of three reproducible ones. LC3-II levels were quantified and normalized on actin levels. The mean of the four controls is reported in the graph. The graphs show the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments (***<i>P</i> < 0.001). (<b>B</b>) Fibroblast cells from patients carrying R1209fsX and S1312X spastizin mutations and from a control were incubated with 200 nM bafilomycin A1 and processed as in <b>A</b>. The graphs show the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments (***<i>P</i> < 0.001). (<b>C</b>) HeLa cells were transfected with <i>ZFYVE26</i> (Spg15) short hairpin RNA or with a control vector (ctr) and 72 h later were incubated with Bafilomycin A1 as described above. Total extracts were probed with anti-LC3B, -actin and -spastizin antibodies, the latter to show the residual spastizin levels in <i>ZFYVE26</i> (Spg15) short hairpin RNA-transfected cells. Shown is a representative of three reproducible blots.</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="figure-item tail"
|
||
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
|
||
itemprop="associatedMedia"
|
||
data-slide-index="9"
|
||
data-label-slug="figure-10">
|
||
<a class="figure-link"
|
||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/993d/3784282/0ce896cce29a/awt227f10p.jpg"
|
||
itemprop="contentUrl"
|
||
aria-describedby="figure-caption-9"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-image-width="780"
|
||
data-image-height="881"
|
||
data-image-alt="Figure 10"
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC3784282"
|
||
data-figure-id="awt227-F10">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-9"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/993d/3784282/e03fe9e76bca/awt227f10p.gif"
|
||
alt="Figure 10" />
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="780">
|
||
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="881">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
<div class="caption-wrap">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Figure 10 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Spastizin depletion induces accumulation of… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Figure 10 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Spastizin depletion induces accumulation of autophagosomes in primary hippocampal neurons. Primary hippocampal neurons… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-9" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
Figure 10
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Spastizin depletion induces accumulation of autophagosomes in primary hippocampal neurons. Primary hippocampal neurons were transfected with MAP1LC3B-RFP for the staining of autophagosomal vesicles (red) and with a control vector (ctr) or with two specific Zfyve26 (Spg15) short hairpin RNAs (shRNA1 and shRNA2) to silence the gene, all with a GFP tag. Seventy-two hours later neurons were starved with Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium for 4 h and fixed. LC3-positive vesicles quantification is shown in the graph. The graphs show the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments for a total of at least 30 cells for each sample (***<i>P</i> < 0.001). Scale bar = 10 µm.</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="figure-item tail"
|
||
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
|
||
itemprop="associatedMedia"
|
||
data-slide-index="10"
|
||
data-label-slug="figure-11">
|
||
<a class="figure-link"
|
||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/993d/3784282/b6a2a24c7234/awt227f11p.jpg"
|
||
itemprop="contentUrl"
|
||
aria-describedby="figure-caption-10"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-image-width="779"
|
||
data-image-height="1428"
|
||
data-image-alt="Figure 11"
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC3784282"
|
||
data-figure-id="awt227-F11">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-10"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/993d/3784282/7f1753ad7469/awt227f11p.gif"
|
||
alt="Figure 11" />
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="779">
|
||
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="1428">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
<div class="caption-wrap">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Figure 11 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Spastizin mutations induce a reduction… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
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<p> Figure 11 </p>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Spastizin mutations induce a reduction of autophagosome-lysosomes fusion. Control (ctr) and L243P, R1209fsX… </p></div>
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Figure 11
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<div class="figure-caption-contents">Spastizin mutations induce a reduction of autophagosome-lysosomes fusion. Control (ctr) and L243P, R1209fsX and S1312X spastizin mutated fibroblast cells were transfected with MAP1LC3B-RFP for the staining of autophagosomes (red) and 24 h later were fixed and immunostained with anti-LAMP1 (green) antibody. Yellow in the merge images indicates co-localization of LC3 and LAMP1. Control fibroblast were transfected with two different <i>ZFYVE26</i> (Spg15) silencing vectors (shRNA1 or shRNA2), showing similar silencing efficiency, both with a GFP tag (green) and with MAP1LC3B-RFP for the staining of autophagosomes (red). Forty-eight hours later cells were fixed and immunostained with anti-LAMP1 (blue) antibody. Violet in the merge indicates co-localization. Pearson’s correlation coefficient for LC3 and LAMP1 co-localization were determined using Volocity software and normalized on that of control cells. The graphs show the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments for a total of at least 30 cells for each sample (***<i>P < </i>0.001). LC3-positive vesicles quantification is shown in the small graph on the <i>right</i>. Scale bar = 10 µm.</div>
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<p> Figure 12 </p>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Accumulation of autophagosomes in spastizin… </p></div>
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<p> Figure 12 </p>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Accumulation of autophagosomes in spastizin mutated fibroblast cells. Control, L243P, R1209fsX and S1312X… </p></div>
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Figure 12
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<div class="figure-caption-contents">Accumulation of autophagosomes in spastizin mutated fibroblast cells. Control, L243P, R1209fsX and S1312X spastizin mutated fibroblast cells were starved with Earle’s Balanced Salt Solution for 30 min (tr; <b>B</b>, <b>D</b>, <b>F</b>, <b>H</b>) or untreated (unt; <b>A</b>, <b>C</b>, <b>E</b>, <b>G</b>) and processed by electron microscopy. In contrast to control cells, which contain lysosomes (<b>A</b> and <b>B</b>, arrowheads) and few autophagosomes (<b>B</b>, arrow), L243P, R1209fsX and S1312X cells exhibited an increased number of autophagosomes (<b>C–H</b>, arrows).</div>
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<span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Neuron. 2022 Mar 16;110(6):935-966. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.01.017. Epub 2022 Feb 7.</span>
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href="/?term=%22Apoptosis+Regulatory+Proteins%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
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data-href="/?term=%22Apoptosis+Regulatory+Proteins%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/metabolism"[MeSH]"
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Search in PubMed
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Search in MeSH
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</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
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Add to Search
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major"
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Autophagy*"
|
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tabindex="0"
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aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-1"
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aria-expanded="false"
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data-pinger-ignore>
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Autophagy*
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-1"
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class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
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hidden
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Autophagy*"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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href="/?term=%22Autophagy%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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data-href="/?term=%22Autophagy%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Autophagy"[MAJR]"
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Beclin-1"
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data-pinger-ignore>
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Beclin-1
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-2"
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hidden
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Beclin-1"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Beclin-1"[MeSH]"
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major"
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Carrier Proteins / genetics*"
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Carrier Proteins / genetics*
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-3"
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hidden
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Carrier Proteins / genetics*"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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Corpus Callosum / pathology
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-4"
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hidden
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Corpus Callosum / pathology"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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href="/?term=%22Corpus+Callosum%2Fpathology%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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data-href="/?term=%22Corpus+Callosum%2Fpathology%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Corpus Callosum/pathology"[MeSH]"
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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data-pinger-ignore>
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Endosomes / metabolism
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-5"
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Endosomes / metabolism"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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Search in PubMed
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Add to Search
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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data-pinger-ignore>
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Endosomes / pathology
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-6"
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hidden
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Endosomes / pathology"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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Search in PubMed
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Search in MeSH
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data-search-term=""Endosomes/pathology"[MeSH]"
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data-ga-category="search"
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data-ga-action="add_to_search"
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Add to Search
|
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Genetic Predisposition to Disease"
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tabindex="0"
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aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-7"
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aria-expanded="false"
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data-pinger-ignore>
|
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Genetic Predisposition to Disease
|
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-7"
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class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
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hidden
|
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Genetic Predisposition to Disease"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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href="/?term=%22Genetic+Predisposition+to+Disease%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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data-href="/?term=%22Genetic+Predisposition+to+Disease%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Genetic Predisposition to Disease"[MeSH]"
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Search in PubMed
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Search in MeSH
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</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
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data-search-term=""Genetic Predisposition to Disease"[MeSH]"
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data-ga-category="search"
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data-ga-action="add_to_search"
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Add to Search
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Genetic Testing / methods"
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tabindex="0"
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aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-8"
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aria-expanded="false"
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data-pinger-ignore>
|
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Genetic Testing / methods
|
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-8"
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class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
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hidden
|
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Genetic Testing / methods"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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href="/?term=%22Genetic+Testing%2Fmethods%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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data-href="/?term=%22Genetic+Testing%2Fmethods%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Genetic Testing/methods"[MeSH]"
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Search in PubMed
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</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
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Search in MeSH
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</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
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data-search-term=""Genetic Testing/methods"[MeSH]"
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data-ga-category="search"
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data-ga-action="add_to_search"
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Add to Search
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Humans"
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tabindex="0"
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aria-expanded="false"
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data-pinger-ignore>
|
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Humans
|
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-9"
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class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
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hidden
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Humans"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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href="/?term=%22Humans%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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data-href="/?term=%22Humans%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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Search in PubMed
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Lysosomes / metabolism"
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tabindex="0"
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aria-expanded="false"
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data-pinger-ignore>
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Lysosomes / metabolism
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-10"
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class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
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hidden
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Lysosomes / metabolism"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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href="/?term=%22Lysosomes%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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data-href="/?term=%22Lysosomes%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Lysosomes/metabolism"[MeSH]"
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Search in PubMed
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</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
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data-search-term=""Lysosomes/metabolism"[MeSH]"
|
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data-ga-category="search"
|
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data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
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data-ga-label=""Lysosomes/metabolism"[MeSH]"
|
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href="#">
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Add to Search
|
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Membrane Proteins / metabolism"
|
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tabindex="0"
|
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aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-11"
|
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aria-expanded="false"
|
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data-pinger-ignore>
|
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Membrane Proteins / metabolism
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-11"
|
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class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Membrane Proteins / metabolism"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Membrane+Proteins%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
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data-href="/?term=%22Membrane+Proteins%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
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ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Membrane Proteins/metabolism"[MeSH]"
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data-ga-category="search"
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data-ga-action="mesh_term"
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data-ga-label="Membrane Proteins / metabolism">
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Search in PubMed
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</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
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ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
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href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Membrane+Proteins"
|
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data-ga-category="search_mesh"
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data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
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data-ga-label="Membrane Proteins / metabolism">
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Search in MeSH
|
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</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
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role="button"
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data-search-term=""Membrane Proteins/metabolism"[MeSH]"
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data-ga-category="search"
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data-ga-action="add_to_search"
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data-ga-label=""Membrane Proteins/metabolism"[MeSH]"
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Add to Search
|
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major"
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Mutation / genetics*"
|
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tabindex="0"
|
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aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-12"
|
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aria-expanded="false"
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data-pinger-ignore>
|
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Mutation / genetics*
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-12"
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class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
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hidden
|
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Mutation / genetics*"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Mutation%2Fgenetics%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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data-href="/?term=%22Mutation%2Fgenetics%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Mutation/genetics"[MAJR]"
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data-ga-category="search"
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data-ga-action="mesh_term"
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data-ga-label="Mutation / genetics*">
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Search in PubMed
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</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
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href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Mutation"
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data-ga-category="search_mesh"
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data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
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Search in MeSH
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</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
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data-search-term=""Mutation/genetics"[MAJR]"
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data-ga-category="search"
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data-ga-action="add_to_search"
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data-ga-label=""Mutation/genetics"[MAJR]"
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Add to Search
|
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major"
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary / genetics*"
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tabindex="0"
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aria-expanded="false"
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data-pinger-ignore>
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Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary / genetics*
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-13"
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class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
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hidden
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary / genetics*"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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href="/?term=%22Spastic+Paraplegia%2C+Hereditary%2Fgenetics%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
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data-href="/?term=%22Spastic+Paraplegia%2C+Hereditary%2Fgenetics%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary/genetics"[MAJR]"
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Search in PubMed
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</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
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data-ga-category="search_mesh"
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Search in MeSH
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</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
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ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
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data-search-term=""Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary/genetics"[MAJR]"
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data-ga-category="search"
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Add to Search
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary / pathology"
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tabindex="0"
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data-pinger-ignore>
|
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Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary / pathology
|
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-14"
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class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
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hidden
|
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary / pathology"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
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href="/?term=%22Spastic+Paraplegia%2C+Hereditary%2Fpathology%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
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data-href="/?term=%22Spastic+Paraplegia%2C+Hereditary%2Fpathology%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary/pathology"[MeSH]"
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Search in PubMed
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</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
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ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
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href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Spastic+Paraplegia%2C+Hereditary"
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data-ga-category="search_mesh"
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data-ga-label="Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary / pathology">
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Search in MeSH
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</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
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ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
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data-search-term=""Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary/pathology"[MeSH]"
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data-ga-category="search"
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Add to Search
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li></ul>
|
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</div>
|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="substances" class="substances keywords-section">
|
||
<h2 class="title">
|
||
Substances
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
<ul class="keywords-list"><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins"
|
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tabindex="0"
|
||
aria-controls="keyword-actions-substances-0"
|
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aria-expanded="false"
|
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data-pinger-ignore>
|
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Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-0"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Apoptosis+Regulatory+Proteins%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
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data-href="/?term=%22Apoptosis+Regulatory+Proteins%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&keyword="Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins"[nm]"
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data-ga-category="search"
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data-ga-action="substance"
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data-ga-label="Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins">
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Search in PubMed
|
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</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
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href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=%22Apoptosis+Regulatory+Proteins%22"
|
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data-ga-category="search_mesh"
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data-ga-action="substance_link"
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data-ga-label="Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins">
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Search in MeSH
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</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
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ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
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role="button"
|
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data-search-term=""Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins"[nm]"
|
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data-ga-category="search"
|
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data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
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data-ga-label=""Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins"[nm]"
|
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href="#">
|
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Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword BECN1 protein, human"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
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aria-controls="keyword-actions-substances-1"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
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BECN1 protein, human
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-1"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
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hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword BECN1 protein, human"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22BECN1+protein%2C+human%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
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data-href="/?term=%22BECN1+protein%2C+human%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&keyword="BECN1 protein, human"[nm]"
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data-ga-category="search"
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data-ga-action="substance"
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data-ga-label="BECN1 protein, human">
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Search in PubMed
|
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</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
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ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
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href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=%22BECN1+protein%2C+human%22"
|
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data-ga-category="search_mesh"
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data-ga-action="substance_link"
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data-ga-label="BECN1 protein, human">
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Search in MeSH
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</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
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ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
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role="button"
|
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data-search-term=""BECN1 protein, human"[nm]"
|
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data-ga-category="search"
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data-ga-action="add_to_search"
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data-ga-label=""BECN1 protein, human"[nm]"
|
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href="#">
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Add to Search
|
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Beclin-1"
|
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tabindex="0"
|
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aria-controls="keyword-actions-substances-2"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
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data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Beclin-1
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-2"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Beclin-1"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Beclin-1%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Beclin-1%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&keyword="Beclin-1"[nm]"
|
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data-ga-category="search"
|
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data-ga-action="substance"
|
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data-ga-label="Beclin-1">
|
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Search in PubMed
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
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ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
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href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=%22Beclin-1%22"
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data-ga-category="search_mesh"
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data-ga-action="substance_link"
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data-ga-label="Beclin-1">
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Search in MeSH
|
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</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
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ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
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role="button"
|
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data-search-term=""Beclin-1"[nm]"
|
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data-ga-category="search"
|
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data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
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data-ga-label=""Beclin-1"[nm]"
|
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href="#">
|
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Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Carrier Proteins"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
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aria-controls="keyword-actions-substances-3"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
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data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Carrier Proteins
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-3"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Carrier Proteins"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Carrier+Proteins%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
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data-href="/?term=%22Carrier+Proteins%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
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ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&keyword="Carrier Proteins"[nm]"
|
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data-ga-category="search"
|
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data-ga-action="substance"
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data-ga-label="Carrier Proteins">
|
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Search in PubMed
|
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</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
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ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
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href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=%22Carrier+Proteins%22"
|
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data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
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data-ga-action="substance_link"
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data-ga-label="Carrier Proteins">
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Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
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role="button"
|
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data-search-term=""Carrier Proteins"[nm]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
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data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
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data-ga-label=""Carrier Proteins"[nm]"
|
||
href="#">
|
||
Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Membrane Proteins"
|
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tabindex="0"
|
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aria-controls="keyword-actions-substances-4"
|
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aria-expanded="false"
|
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data-pinger-ignore>
|
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Membrane Proteins
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-4"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
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hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Membrane Proteins"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
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href="/?term=%22Membrane+Proteins%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
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data-href="/?term=%22Membrane+Proteins%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
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ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&keyword="Membrane Proteins"[nm]"
|
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data-ga-category="search"
|
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data-ga-action="substance"
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data-ga-label="Membrane Proteins">
|
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Search in PubMed
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
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ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
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href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=%22Membrane+Proteins%22"
|
||
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
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data-ga-action="substance_link"
|
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data-ga-label="Membrane Proteins">
|
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Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
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role="button"
|
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data-search-term=""Membrane Proteins"[nm]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
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data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
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data-ga-label=""Membrane Proteins"[nm]"
|
||
href="#">
|
||
Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword ZFYVE26 protein, human"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
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aria-controls="keyword-actions-substances-5"
|
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aria-expanded="false"
|
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data-pinger-ignore>
|
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ZFYVE26 protein, human
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-5"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
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hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword ZFYVE26 protein, human"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
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href="/?term=%22ZFYVE26+protein%2C+human%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
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data-href="/?term=%22ZFYVE26+protein%2C+human%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
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ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&keyword="ZFYVE26 protein, human"[nm]"
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data-ga-category="search"
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data-ga-action="substance"
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data-ga-label="ZFYVE26 protein, human">
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Search in PubMed
|
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</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
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ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
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href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=%22ZFYVE26+protein%2C+human%22"
|
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data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
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data-ga-action="substance_link"
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data-ga-label="ZFYVE26 protein, human">
|
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Search in MeSH
|
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</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
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ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
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role="button"
|
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data-search-term=""ZFYVE26 protein, human"[nm]"
|
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data-ga-category="search"
|
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data-ga-action="add_to_search"
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data-ga-label=""ZFYVE26 protein, human"[nm]"
|
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href="#">
|
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Add to Search
|
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li></ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
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