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|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="article-page-header">
|
||
<div id="article-top-actions-bar" class="article-top-actions-bar">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<div class="actions-container">
|
||
<div class="return-to-search">
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="multiple-results-actions " role="region" aria-label="save, email, send to">
|
||
<button id="save-results-panel-trigger"
|
||
type="button"
|
||
class="save-results save-results-panel-trigger"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
aria-controls="save-action-panel"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="save"
|
||
data-ga-label="open">
|
||
Save
|
||
</button><button id="email-results-panel-trigger"
|
||
type="button"
|
||
class="email-results email-results-panel-trigger"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
aria-controls="email-action-panel"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="email"
|
||
data-ga-label="open">
|
||
Email
|
||
</button><div class="more-actions dropdown-block"><button id="more-actions-trigger"
|
||
type="button"
|
||
class="trigger more-actions-trigger"
|
||
ref="linksrc=show_moreactions_btn"
|
||
aria-label="Send to"
|
||
aria-controls="more-actions-dropdown">Send to</button><div id="more-actions-dropdown" class="dropdown dropdown-container" hidden><div class="content"><ul class="more-actions-links"><li><a class="clipboard-panel-trigger dropdown-block-link "
|
||
href="#"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="clipboard"
|
||
data-ga-label="send">
|
||
Clipboard
|
||
</a></li><li><a role="button" class="dropdown-block-link bibliography-trigger-target" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F22388185%2F%23open-bibliography-panel">My Bibliography</a></li><li><a role="button" class="dropdown-block-link collections-trigger-target" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F22388185%2F%23open-collections-panel">Collections</a></li><li><a role="button" class="citation-manager-panel-trigger dropdown-block-link citation-manager-trigger-target" href="#">Citation manager</a></li></ul></div></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="display-options" data-format-key="format"
|
||
data-default-format-value="abstract"
|
||
data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region">
|
||
<button
|
||
class="trigger usa-button"
|
||
title="Change format"
|
||
data-ga-category="display_options"
|
||
data-ga-action="display_options_dialog">
|
||
<span class="button-label">Display options</span>
|
||
</button>
|
||
|
||
<div class="dropdown" hidden>
|
||
<div class="title">
|
||
Display options
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
|
||
<div class="format-container">
|
||
<span class="option-label">
|
||
Format
|
||
</span>
|
||
<select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="article-display-format">
|
||
<option value="abstract">Abstract</option>
|
||
|
||
<option value="pubmed">PubMed</option>
|
||
|
||
<option value="pmid">PMID</option>
|
||
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="o63FX8xBCAniRaCRDRiDiaehCrs5uIIEFTNKAY0XcbaMLBIHgaVFMiKVavahnjgY">
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="article-panels-container" class="article-panels-container">
|
||
<div id="save-action-panel" class="save-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Save citation to file
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<form id="save-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
action="/results-export-ids/"
|
||
data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/"
|
||
data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/"
|
||
method="post"
|
||
data-by-search-method="post"
|
||
data-by-ids-method="post">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="o63FX8xBCAniRaCRDRiDiaehCrs5uIIEFTNKAY0XcbaMLBIHgaVFMiKVavahnjgY">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="save-action-format" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Format:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="save-action-format" name="results-format" class="action-panel-selector">
|
||
<option value="summary-text">Summary (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="pubmed-text">PubMed</option>
|
||
<option value="pmid">PMID</option>
|
||
<option value="abstract">Abstract (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="csv">CSV</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Saving..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="save"
|
||
data-ga-label="save">
|
||
Create file
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Save citations to file' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_save_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="save-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="save"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="email-action-panel"
|
||
class="email-action-panel action-panel"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"
|
||
data-recaptcha-script-url="https://www.recaptcha.net/recaptcha/enterprise.js?render=explicit&onload=onloadCaptchaCallback"
|
||
data-recaptcha-enabled="true">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Email citation
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<form id="email-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
action="/send-email/"
|
||
data-by-search-action="/results-export-email-by-search-data/"
|
||
data-by-ids-action="/send-email/"
|
||
data-by-search-method="post"
|
||
data-by-ids-method="post"
|
||
method="post"
|
||
>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="o63FX8xBCAniRaCRDRiDiaehCrs5uIIEFTNKAY0XcbaMLBIHgaVFMiKVavahnjgY">
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<span class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Subject:
|
||
</span>
|
||
<span class="email-subject" id="email-subject" aria-label="Email subject">1 selected item: 22388185 - PubMed</span>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="email-subject" value="1 selected item: 22388185"/>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="email-subject-hash" value="8cdb80c536901bf25de2df41d619d96dcd8a37493702f683bcc451d4c2181db5"/>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="email-to" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
To:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input type="email" aria-label="Recipient Email Address" placeholder="email@example.com" id="email-to" class="email-to" pattern="^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$" maxlength="100" required>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="email-from" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
From:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input type="email" aria-label="Sender Email Address" placeholder="email@example.com" id="email-from" class="email-from" pattern="^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$" maxlength="256">
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="email-citation-format" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Format:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="email-citation-format" name="citation-format" class="action-panel-selector email-citation-format">
|
||
<option selected="selected" value="summary">Summary</option>
|
||
<option value="summary-text">Summary (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="abstract">Abstract</option>
|
||
<option value="abstract-text">Abstract (text)</option>
|
||
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="include-supplemental-container">
|
||
<input type="checkbox" aria-label="Include MeSH and other data" name="include-supplemental" id="email-include-supplemental" class="email-include-supplemental">
|
||
<label for="email-include-supplemental" class="email-include-supplemental-label">MeSH and other data</label>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="form-field recaptcha ">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="g-recaptcha" id="id-recaptcha" data-sitekey="6LfsWHMdAAAAAClKbtOpjQ2pMjgsGxvv7NdZW9uI"></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="captcha-error-message" class="usa-input-error-message captcha-validation-message" role="alert"></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Sending..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="email"
|
||
data-ga-label="send">
|
||
Send email
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Email citations' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_email_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="email-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="email"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="email-search-details" value="" />
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="email-search-details-hash" value="0e42663a6c3bd85498fcb88798998fed7bfdc45d457db35281e41afe13cc0524" />
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="collections-action-panel"
|
||
class="collections-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"
|
||
data-collections-open-panel-enabled="false"
|
||
data-collections-open-panel-url-hash="#open-collections-panel">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h3 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Add to Collections
|
||
</h3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<form id="collections-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
|
||
data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/"
|
||
data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/"
|
||
data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/"
|
||
data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/"
|
||
data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100"
|
||
data-add-to-collection-max-amount="1000"
|
||
data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="o63FX8xBCAniRaCRDRiDiaehCrs5uIIEFTNKAY0XcbaMLBIHgaVFMiKVavahnjgY">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup">
|
||
<ul class="radio-group-items">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input type="radio"
|
||
id="collections-action-panel-new"
|
||
class="collections-new"
|
||
name="collections"
|
||
value="new"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="collections"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_radio_new">
|
||
<label for="collections-action-panel-new">Create a new collection</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input type="radio"
|
||
id="collections-action-panel-existing"
|
||
class="collections-existing"
|
||
name="collections"
|
||
value="existing"
|
||
checked="true"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="collections"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing">
|
||
<label for="collections-action-panel-existing">Add to an existing collection</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="controls-wrapper">
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls">
|
||
<label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Name your collection:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input
|
||
type="text"
|
||
name="add-to-new-collection"
|
||
id="collections-action-panel-add-to-new"
|
||
class="collections-action-add-to-new"
|
||
pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"
|
||
maxlength="100"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="create_collection"
|
||
data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection">
|
||
<div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Name must be less than 100 characters
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls">
|
||
<label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Choose a collection:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing"
|
||
class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="select_collection"
|
||
data-ga-label="($('#collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'">
|
||
</select>
|
||
<div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Unable to load your collection due to an error<br>
|
||
<a href="#">Please try again</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Adding..."
|
||
data-pinger-ignore
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="collections"
|
||
data-ga-label="add">
|
||
Add
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="collections-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="collections"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="bibliography-action-panel"
|
||
class="bibliography-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"
|
||
data-bibliography-open-panel-enabled="false"
|
||
data-bibliography-open-panel-url-hash="#open-bibliography-panel">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h3 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Add to My Bibliography
|
||
</h3>
|
||
<form id="bibliography-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="bibliography-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
|
||
data-add-to-bibliography-max-amount="100"
|
||
data-add-to-bibliography-batch-size="10"
|
||
data-bibliography-delegates-url="/list-bibliography-delegates/"
|
||
data-add-to-bibliography-url="/add-to-bibliography/"
|
||
data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/"
|
||
data-mybib-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/mybibliography/">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="o63FX8xBCAniRaCRDRiDiaehCrs5uIIEFTNKAY0XcbaMLBIHgaVFMiKVavahnjgY">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap bibliographies-controls">
|
||
<div class="choice-group">
|
||
<ul class="bibliographies-action-add radio-group-items">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input name="bibliography" id="my-bibliography" class="my-bibliography" type="radio" checked/>
|
||
<label for="my-bibliography">My Bibliography</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="bibliographies-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Unable to load your delegates due to an error<br>
|
||
<a href="#">Please try again</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Adding..."
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Add
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Add to bibliography' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_bibliography_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="bibliography-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="mybib"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="saved-search-action-panel" class="saved-search-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true"
|
||
data-saved-search-open-panel-enabled="false"
|
||
data-saved-search-open-panel-url-hash="#open-saved-search-panel">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Your saved search
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
<form id="saved-search-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="saved-search-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
data-create-saved-search-url="/create-saved-search/"
|
||
data-try-search-terms-url="/try-search-term/"
|
||
data-saved-search-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/searches/">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="o63FX8xBCAniRaCRDRiDiaehCrs5uIIEFTNKAY0XcbaMLBIHgaVFMiKVavahnjgY">
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-name" class="action-panel-label saved-search-name-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Name of saved search:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input maxlength="200"
|
||
type="text"
|
||
name="saved-search-name"
|
||
id="saved-search-name"
|
||
class="saved-search-name"
|
||
value=""
|
||
required
|
||
pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/">
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-term" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Search terms:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<textarea name="saved-search-term" id="saved-search-term" class="saved-search-term" required></textarea>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="test-search-term-wrap">
|
||
<a href="#" class="try-search-term">Test search terms</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="choice-group action-panel-extra-margin-top">
|
||
<span class="action-panel-label" id="fieldset-label">
|
||
Would you like email updates of new search results?
|
||
</span>
|
||
<fieldset id="saved-search-alert" aria-describedby="fieldset-label">
|
||
<legend class="usa-sr-only">Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons</legend>
|
||
<ul class="radio-group-items">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-yes" class="saved-search-alert-yes" name="saved-search-alert" value="yes" checked>
|
||
<label for="saved-search-alert-yes" class="action-panel-label">Yes</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input aria-label="No radio input" type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-no" class="saved-search-alert-no" name="saved-search-alert" value="no">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-alert-no" class="action-panel-label">No</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</fieldset>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="alert-schedule-wrap">
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Email:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<span aria-label="Email address" id="saved-search-email" class="action-panel-label"><span class="action-panel-label-bold"></span> (<a class="myncbi-account-settings" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/">change</a>)</span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-frequency" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Frequency:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-frequency" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-frequency">
|
||
<option value="monthly">Monthly</option>
|
||
<option value="weekly">Weekly</option>
|
||
<option value="daily">Daily</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-monthly-additional">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Which day?
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector">
|
||
<option value="Sunday">The first Sunday</option>
|
||
<option value="Monday">The first Monday</option>
|
||
<option value="Tuesday">The first Tuesday</option>
|
||
<option value="Wednesday">The first Wednesday</option>
|
||
<option value="Thursday">The first Thursday</option>
|
||
<option value="Friday">The first Friday</option>
|
||
<option value="Saturday">The first Saturday</option>
|
||
<option value="day">The first day</option>
|
||
<option value="weekday">The first weekday</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-weekly-additional">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Which day?
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-weekly-on-day">
|
||
<option value="Sunday">Sunday</option>
|
||
<option value="Monday">Monday</option>
|
||
<option value="Tuesday">Tuesday</option>
|
||
<option value="Wednesday">Wednesday</option>
|
||
<option value="Thursday">Thursday</option>
|
||
<option value="Friday">Friday</option>
|
||
<option value="Saturday">Saturday</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-report" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Report format:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-report" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-report">
|
||
<option value="DocSum">Summary</option>
|
||
<option value="DocSumText">Summary (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="Abstract">Abstract</option>
|
||
<option value="AbstractText">Abstract (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="MEDLINE">PubMed</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-amount" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Send at most:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-amount" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-amount">
|
||
<option value="1">1 item</option>
|
||
<option value="5" selected>5 items</option>
|
||
<option value="10">10 items</option>
|
||
<option value="20">20 items</option>
|
||
<option value="50">50 items</option>
|
||
<option value="100">100 items</option>
|
||
<option value="200">200 items</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div>
|
||
<input type="checkbox" id="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="saved-search-send-if-no-result" name="saved-search-send-if-no-result">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="action-panel-label smaller-checkbox">
|
||
Send even when there aren't any new results
|
||
</label>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap option-text-in-email-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-email-text" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Optional text in email:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<textarea name="saved-search-email-text"
|
||
id="saved-search-email-text"
|
||
class="saved-search-email-text"></textarea>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Saving..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="alert"
|
||
data-ga-label="save">
|
||
Save
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Your saved search' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_saved_search_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="saved-search-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="alert"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="citation-manager-action-panel" class="citation-manager-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Create a file for external citation management software
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<form id="citation-manager-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
action="/results-export-ids/"
|
||
data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/"
|
||
data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/"
|
||
method="post"
|
||
data-by-search-method="post"
|
||
data-by-ids-method="post">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="o63FX8xBCAniRaCRDRiDiaehCrs5uIIEFTNKAY0XcbaMLBIHgaVFMiKVavahnjgY">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input name="results-format" type="hidden" value="pubmed"/>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Sending..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="citation_manager"
|
||
data-ga-label="save">
|
||
Create file
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Send citations to citation manager' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_citation_manager_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="citation-manager-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="citation_manager"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="rss-action-panel" class="rss-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Your RSS Feed
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
<form id="rss-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="rss-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
data-create-rss-feed-url="/create-rss-feed-url/"
|
||
data-search-form-term-value="">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="o63FX8xBCAniRaCRDRiDiaehCrs5uIIEFTNKAY0XcbaMLBIHgaVFMiKVavahnjgY">
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="rss-name" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Name of RSS Feed:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input maxlength="200"
|
||
placeholder="Name"
|
||
type="text"
|
||
name="rss-name"
|
||
id="rss-name"
|
||
class="rss-name"
|
||
value=''
|
||
required
|
||
pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/">
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="rss-limit-wrap">
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top">
|
||
<label for="rss-limit" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Number of items displayed:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="rss-limit" class="no-border-panel-selector rss-limit">
|
||
<option value="5">5</option>
|
||
<option value="10">10</option>
|
||
<option value="15" selected="selected">15</option>
|
||
<option value="20">20</option>
|
||
<option value="50">50</option>
|
||
<option value="100">100</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Creating..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="alert"
|
||
data-ga-label="save">
|
||
Create RSS
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Your RSS' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_rss_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="rss-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="alert"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap rss-link-copy-wrap">
|
||
<label for="rss-link" class="usa-sr-only">RSS Link</label>
|
||
<input placeholder="Your RSS Feed Link" type="text" name="rss-link" id="rss-link" class="rss-link" title="RSS Link">
|
||
<button
|
||
type="button"
|
||
disabled
|
||
class="rss-link-copy-button disabled"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="rss"
|
||
data-ga-label="copy">
|
||
Copy
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="article-page" id="article-page" data-article-pmid="22388185">
|
||
<aside class="page-sidebar">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
|
||
<div class="full-text-links">
|
||
<div class="full-view">
|
||
<h3 class="title">
|
||
Full text links
|
||
</h3>
|
||
<div class="full-text-links-list">
|
||
<a class="link-item
|
||
|
||
dialog-focus"
|
||
href="https://doi.org/10.1039/c2cs15344k"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="noopener"
|
||
|
||
ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&is_pmc=False&PrId=4828&itool=Abstract-def&log$=linkouticon&uid=22388185&db=pubmed&nlmid=0335405"
|
||
title="See full text options at Royal Society of Chemistry"
|
||
|
||
data-ga-category="full_text"
|
||
data-ga-action="Royal Society of Chemistry"
|
||
data-ga-label="22388185"
|
||
><img src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/query/egifs/https:--www.rsc-cdn.org-oxygen-assets-logo-rsc-logo-btn-small.gif" alt="Royal Society of Chemistry full text link"><span class="text">
|
||
|
||
Royal Society of Chemistry
|
||
|
||
</span></a><a class="link-item
|
||
pmc
|
||
"
|
||
href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/22388185/"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="noopener"
|
||
|
||
ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&is_pmc=True&PrId=3494&itool=Abstract-def&log$=linkouticon&uid=22388185&db=pubmed&nlmid=0335405"
|
||
title="Free full text at PubMed Central"
|
||
|
||
data-ga-category="full_text"
|
||
data-ga-action="PMC"
|
||
data-ga-label="22388185"
|
||
><span class="text">
|
||
|
||
Free PMC article
|
||
|
||
</span></a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="short-view">
|
||
<a href="#" class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger">
|
||
Full text links
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="actions-buttons sidebar"><h3 class="title">Actions</h3><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger"
|
||
aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="cite"
|
||
data-ga-label="open"
|
||
data-all-citations-url="/22388185/citations/"
|
||
data-citation-style="nlm"
|
||
data-pubmed-format-link="/22388185/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><link type="text/css" href="ncbi-overlay-block/src/overlay-block.css"><div class="collections-button-container" data-article-id="22388185" data-article-db="pubmed"><button class="collections-button collections-dialog-trigger"
|
||
aria-label="Save article in MyNCBI collections."
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_button"
|
||
data-collections-open-dialog-enabled="false"
|
||
data-collections-open-dialog-url="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F22388185%2F%23open-collections-dialog"
|
||
data-in-collections="false"><span class="button-label">Collections</span></button><div class="overlay" role="dialog"><div id="collections-action-dialog"
|
||
class="dialog collections-dialog"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"><div class="title">Add to Collections</div><div class="collections-action-panel action-panel"><form id="collections-action-dialog-form"
|
||
class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
|
||
data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/"
|
||
data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/"
|
||
data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/"
|
||
data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100"
|
||
data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/"><input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="o63FX8xBCAniRaCRDRiDiaehCrs5uIIEFTNKAY0XcbaMLBIHgaVFMiKVavahnjgY"><div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup"><ul class="radio-group-items"><li><input type="radio"
|
||
id="collections-action-dialog-new"
|
||
class="collections-new"
|
||
name="collections"
|
||
value="new"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_radio_new"><label for="collections-action-dialog-new">Create a new collection</label></li><li><input type="radio"
|
||
id="collections-action-dialog-existing"
|
||
class="collections-existing"
|
||
name="collections"
|
||
value="existing"
|
||
checked="true"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing"><label for="collections-action-dialog-existing">Add to an existing collection</label></li></ul></div><div class="controls-wrapper"><div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Name your collection:
|
||
</label><input
|
||
type="text"
|
||
name="add-to-new-collection"
|
||
id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new"
|
||
class="collections-action-add-to-new"
|
||
pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"
|
||
maxlength="100"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="create_collection"
|
||
data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"><div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Name must be less than 100 characters
|
||
</div></div><div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Choose a collection:
|
||
</label><select id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing"
|
||
class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="select_collection"
|
||
data-ga-label="($('.collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"></select><div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Unable to load your collection due to an error<br><a href="#">Please try again</a></div></div></div><div class="action-panel-actions"><button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Adding..."
|
||
data-pinger-ignore
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="add">
|
||
Add
|
||
</button><button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="collections-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button></div></form></div></div></div></div><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger"
|
||
title="Open dialog with more actions to take"
|
||
ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" data-format-key="format"
|
||
data-default-format-value="abstract"
|
||
data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"><button
|
||
class="trigger usa-button"
|
||
title="Change format"
|
||
data-ga-category="display_options"
|
||
data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"><span class="button-label">Display options</span></button><div class="dropdown" hidden><div class="title">
|
||
Display options
|
||
</div><div class="content"><div class="format-container"><span class="option-label">
|
||
Format
|
||
</span><select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="sidebar-actions-display-format"><option value="abstract">Abstract</option><option value="pubmed">PubMed</option><option value="pmid">PMID</option></select></div></div></div></div></div></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="social-sharing">
|
||
<h3 class="title">
|
||
Share
|
||
</h3>
|
||
<ul class="social-sharing-links usa-unstyled-list">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li>
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div><span class="period">. </span><span class="cit">2012 Apr 7;41(7):2971-3010.</span>
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Targeted polymeric therapeutic nanoparticles: design, development and clinical translation
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Targeted polymeric therapeutic nanoparticles: design, development and clinical translation
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Polymeric materials have been used in a range of pharmaceutical and biotechnology products for more than 40 years. These materials have evolved from their earlier use as biodegradable products such as resorbable sutures, orthopaedic implants, macroscale and microscale drug delivery systems such as microparticles and wafers used as controlled drug release depots, to multifunctional nanoparticles (NPs) capable of targeting, and controlled release of therapeutic and diagnostic agents. These newer generations of targeted and controlled release polymeric NPs are now engineered to navigate the complex in vivo environment, and incorporate functionalities for achieving target specificity, control of drug concentration and exposure kinetics at the tissue, cell, and subcellular levels. Indeed this optimization of drug pharmacology as aided by careful design of multifunctional NPs can lead to improved drug safety and efficacy, and may be complimentary to drug enhancements that are traditionally achieved by medicinal chemistry. In this regard, polymeric NPs have the potential to result in a highly differentiated new class of therapeutics, distinct from the original active drugs used in their composition, and distinct from first generation NPs that largely facilitated drug formulation. A greater flexibility in the design of drug molecules themselves may also be facilitated following their incorporation into NPs, as drug properties (solubility, metabolism, plasma binding, biodistribution, target tissue accumulation) will no longer be constrained to the same extent by drug chemical composition, but also become in-part the function of the physicochemical properties of the NP. The combination of optimally designed drugs with optimally engineered polymeric NPs opens up the possibility of improved clinical outcomes that may not be achievable with the administration of drugs in their conventional form. In this critical review, we aim to provide insights into the design and development of targeted polymeric NPs and to highlight the challenges associated with the engineering of this novel class of therapeutics, including considerations of NP design optimization, development and biophysicochemical properties. Additionally, we highlight some recent examples from the literature, which demonstrate current trends and novel concepts in both the design and utility of targeted polymeric NPs (444 references).
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<p xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:p1="http://pubmed.gov/pub-one">The rest of the authors declare no conflict of interest.</p>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Time line of clinical stage… </p></div>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Time line of clinical stage nanomedicine firsts. Liposomes, controlled release polymeric systems for… </p></div>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents">Time line of clinical stage nanomedicine firsts. Liposomes, controlled release polymeric systems for macromolecules, dendrimers, targeted-PEGylated liposomes, first FDA approved liposome (DOXIL), long circulating poly(lactic-<i>co</i>-glycolic acid)-polyethyleneglycol (PLGA-PEG) NPs, iron oxide MRI contrast agent NP (Ferumoxide), protein based drug delivery system (Abraxane; nab technologyt), polymeric micelle NP (Genexol-PM), targeted cyclodextrin-polymer hybrid NP (CALAA-01), targeted polymeric NP (BIND-014; Accurint™ Technology), fully integrated polymeric nanoparticle vaccines (SEL-068, <i>t</i> SVPt™ Technology).</div>
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<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
<div class="caption-wrap">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Fig. 2 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Common biodegradable polymers utilized in… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Fig. 2 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Common biodegradable polymers utilized in controlled-release drug delivery applications. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA), poly(glutamic… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-1" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
Fig. 2
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Common biodegradable polymers utilized in controlled-release drug delivery applications. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA), poly(glutamic acid) (PGA), poly(<sc>d</sc>,<sc>l</sc>-lactic-<i>co</i>-glycolide) (PLGA), poly(caprolactone) (PCL).</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="figure-item "
|
||
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
|
||
itemprop="associatedMedia"
|
||
data-slide-index="2"
|
||
data-label-slug="fig-3">
|
||
<a class="figure-link"
|
||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c196/3684255/53c3c4f3fa85/nihms461492f3.jpg"
|
||
itemprop="contentUrl"
|
||
aria-describedby="figure-caption-2"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-image-width="776"
|
||
data-image-height="1050"
|
||
data-image-alt="Fig. 3"
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC3684255"
|
||
data-figure-id="F3">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-2"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c196/3684255/f75648646148/nihms461492f3.gif"
|
||
alt="Fig. 3" />
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="776">
|
||
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="1050">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
<div class="caption-wrap">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Fig. 3 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Components of CALAA-01 (Calando Pharmaceuticals-01)… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Fig. 3 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Components of CALAA-01 (Calando Pharmaceuticals-01) – a targeted NP for siRNA delivery: (a)… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-2" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
Fig. 3
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Components of CALAA-01 (Calando Pharmaceuticals-01) – a targeted NP for siRNA delivery: (a) CDP: water-soluble, linear cyclodextrin-containing polymer, AD: adamantane (AD)-PEG conjugate (PEG MW of 5000) (AD-PEG), and Tf-PEG-AD: an adamantane conjugate of PEG (PEGMWof 5000) conjugated with human transferrin (Tf) ligand. (b) CALAA-01 is formulated <i>via</i> a single self-assembly process of four individual components. Figure taken from Davis, M <i>et al</i>.</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="figure-item "
|
||
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
|
||
itemprop="associatedMedia"
|
||
data-slide-index="3"
|
||
data-label-slug="fig-4">
|
||
<a class="figure-link"
|
||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c196/3684255/59c7e1b8b644/nihms461492f4.jpg"
|
||
itemprop="contentUrl"
|
||
aria-describedby="figure-caption-3"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-image-width="1050"
|
||
data-image-height="584"
|
||
data-image-alt="Fig. 4"
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC3684255"
|
||
data-figure-id="F4">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-3"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c196/3684255/c3dd81f16b8d/nihms461492f4.gif"
|
||
alt="Fig. 4" />
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="1050">
|
||
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="584">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
<div class="caption-wrap">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Fig. 4 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> (a) Microfluidic synthesis of polymeric… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Fig. 4 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> (a) Microfluidic synthesis of polymeric nanoparticles prepared under rapid mixing conditions in 2D… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-3" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
Fig. 4
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">(a) Microfluidic synthesis of polymeric nanoparticles prepared under rapid mixing conditions in 2D flow focusing. (b) 3D flow focusing. Figure adapted from Karnik <i>et al</i>. and Rhee <i>et al</i>.<sup>, </sup></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="figure-item "
|
||
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
|
||
itemprop="associatedMedia"
|
||
data-slide-index="4"
|
||
data-label-slug="fig-5">
|
||
<a class="figure-link"
|
||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c196/3684255/5d6e06cfb977/nihms461492f5.jpg"
|
||
itemprop="contentUrl"
|
||
aria-describedby="figure-caption-4"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-image-width="948"
|
||
data-image-height="1050"
|
||
data-image-alt="Fig. 5"
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC3684255"
|
||
data-figure-id="F5">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-4"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c196/3684255/09b332a02863/nihms461492f5.gif"
|
||
alt="Fig. 5" />
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="948">
|
||
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="1050">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
<div class="caption-wrap">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Fig. 5 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Drug release mechanisms from polymeric… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Fig. 5 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Drug release mechanisms from polymeric NPs: (a) diffusion from polymer matrix with time… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-4" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
Fig. 5
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Drug release mechanisms from polymeric NPs: (a) diffusion from polymer matrix with time varying diffusivity, (b) surface erosion/degradation of polymer matrix, and (c) biodegradation of polymer matrix due to hydrolytic degradation leading to drug release.</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="figure-item "
|
||
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
|
||
itemprop="associatedMedia"
|
||
data-slide-index="5"
|
||
data-label-slug="fig-6">
|
||
<a class="figure-link"
|
||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c196/3684255/94e27bbefd1f/nihms461492f6.jpg"
|
||
itemprop="contentUrl"
|
||
aria-describedby="figure-caption-5"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-image-width="1050"
|
||
data-image-height="527"
|
||
data-image-alt="Fig. 6"
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC3684255"
|
||
data-figure-id="F6">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-5"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c196/3684255/01efe2f8792d/nihms461492f6.gif"
|
||
alt="Fig. 6" />
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="1050">
|
||
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="527">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
<div class="caption-wrap">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Fig. 6 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Self-assembly of triblock PLGA- <i> b… </i> </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Fig. 6 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Self-assembly of triblock PLGA- <i> b </i> -PEG copolymers in aqueous solution: (a) Polymeric NP… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-5" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
Fig. 6
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Self-assembly of triblock PLGA-<i>b</i>-PEG copolymers in aqueous solution: (a) Polymeric NP formation <i>via</i> nanoprecipitation, FG = functional group (b) Conjugation of targeting ligand to the surface of pre-formed polymeric NPs (c) Pre-functionalized diblock polymer with hydrophilic targeting ligand.</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="figure-item tail"
|
||
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
|
||
itemprop="associatedMedia"
|
||
data-slide-index="6"
|
||
data-label-slug="fig-7">
|
||
<a class="figure-link"
|
||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c196/3684255/10b1da9945de/nihms461492f7.jpg"
|
||
itemprop="contentUrl"
|
||
aria-describedby="figure-caption-6"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-image-width="1050"
|
||
data-image-height="660"
|
||
data-image-alt="Fig. 7"
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC3684255"
|
||
data-figure-id="F7">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-6"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c196/3684255/972c13f6e725/nihms461492f7.gif"
|
||
alt="Fig. 7" />
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="1050">
|
||
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="660">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
<div class="caption-wrap">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Fig. 7 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Self-assembling targeted polymeric NPs. A-B:… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Fig. 7 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Self-assembling targeted polymeric NPs. A-B: Synthesis and characterization of PLGA-PEG-Apt triblock polymers. C:… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-6" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
Fig. 7
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Self-assembling targeted polymeric NPs. A-B: Synthesis and characterization of PLGA-PEG-Apt triblock polymers. C: Nanoprecipitation leading to the self-assembly of PLGA-PEG-Apt NPs. Aptamer surface density is precisely controlled using distinct ratios of PLGA-PEG-Apt and PLGA- PEG. Figure taken from Gu <i>et al</i>.</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="figure-item tail"
|
||
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
|
||
itemprop="associatedMedia"
|
||
data-slide-index="7"
|
||
data-label-slug="fig-8">
|
||
<a class="figure-link"
|
||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c196/3684255/6c774e687517/nihms461492f8.jpg"
|
||
itemprop="contentUrl"
|
||
aria-describedby="figure-caption-7"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-image-width="1050"
|
||
data-image-height="572"
|
||
data-image-alt="Fig. 8"
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC3684255"
|
||
data-figure-id="F8">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-7"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c196/3684255/673bbdde0288/nihms461492f8.gif"
|
||
alt="Fig. 8" />
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="1050">
|
||
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="572">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
<div class="caption-wrap">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Fig. 8 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> PLGA-PEG-RGD and PLGA-PEG-folate triblock polymers… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Fig. 8 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> PLGA-PEG-RGD and PLGA-PEG-folate triblock polymers used to prepare targeted NPs with different surface… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-7" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
Fig. 8
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">PLGA-PEG-RGD and PLGA-PEG-folate triblock polymers used to prepare targeted NPs with different surface ligand densities. Figure taken from Valencia <i>et al</i>.</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="figure-item tail"
|
||
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
|
||
itemprop="associatedMedia"
|
||
data-slide-index="8"
|
||
data-label-slug="fig-9">
|
||
<a class="figure-link"
|
||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c196/3684255/5a0e7eab90e5/nihms461492f9.jpg"
|
||
itemprop="contentUrl"
|
||
aria-describedby="figure-caption-8"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-image-width="1050"
|
||
data-image-height="656"
|
||
data-image-alt="Fig. 9"
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC3684255"
|
||
data-figure-id="F9">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-8"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c196/3684255/8dd906f61608/nihms461492f9.gif"
|
||
alt="Fig. 9" />
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="1050">
|
||
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="656">
|
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|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
<div class="caption-wrap">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Fig. 9 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Polymer-lipid hybrid ‘Nanoburr’ particles. A:… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Fig. 9 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Polymer-lipid hybrid ‘Nanoburr’ particles. A: Polymer-drug conjugate synthesis (Ptxl-PLA), B: HPLC characterization of… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-8" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
Fig. 9
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Polymer-lipid hybrid ‘Nanoburr’ particles. A: Polymer-drug conjugate synthesis (Ptxl-PLA), B: HPLC characterization of Ptxl and Ptxl-PLA polymer, C: Nanoburr synthesis <i>via</i> polymer lipid, and lipid-PEG self-assembly, D: TEM image of Nanoburrs (stained with 3% uranyl acetate), E: Dynamic light scattering measurements (DLS) pre and post peptide conjugation, F: Zeta potential measurements pre and post peptide onjugation, and G: <i>in vitro</i> drug release profile of Ptxl from Nanoburr NPs. Figure taken from Chan <i>et al</i>.</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="figure-item tail"
|
||
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
|
||
itemprop="associatedMedia"
|
||
data-slide-index="9"
|
||
data-label-slug="fig-10">
|
||
<a class="figure-link"
|
||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c196/3684255/bc3b6816e49a/nihms461492f10.jpg"
|
||
itemprop="contentUrl"
|
||
aria-describedby="figure-caption-9"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-image-width="1050"
|
||
data-image-height="876"
|
||
data-image-alt="Fig. 10"
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC3684255"
|
||
data-figure-id="F10">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-9"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c196/3684255/3cc906741ba1/nihms461492f10.gif"
|
||
alt="Fig. 10" />
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="1050">
|
||
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="876">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
<div class="caption-wrap">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Fig. 10 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Schematic protocol of cell-uptake selection… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Fig. 10 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Schematic protocol of cell-uptake selection for evolving cancer cell-specific internalizing Apts. Figure taken… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-9" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
Fig. 10
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Schematic protocol of cell-uptake selection for evolving cancer cell-specific internalizing Apts. Figure taken from Xiao <i>et al</i>.</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="figure-item tail"
|
||
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
|
||
itemprop="associatedMedia"
|
||
data-slide-index="10"
|
||
data-label-slug="fig-11">
|
||
<a class="figure-link"
|
||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c196/3684255/dfb325aa62a2/nihms461492f11.jpg"
|
||
itemprop="contentUrl"
|
||
aria-describedby="figure-caption-10"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-image-width="1050"
|
||
data-image-height="694"
|
||
data-image-alt="Fig. 11"
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC3684255"
|
||
data-figure-id="F11">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-10"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c196/3684255/9f9b349e1c92/nihms461492f11.gif"
|
||
alt="Fig. 11" />
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="1050">
|
||
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="694">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
<div class="caption-wrap">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Fig. 11 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> NPs and their biophysicochemical characteristics… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Fig. 11 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> NPs and their biophysicochemical characteristics which affect their performance both <i> in vitro </i> and… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-10" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
Fig. 11
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">NPs and their biophysicochemical characteristics which affect their performance both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>.</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="figure-item tail"
|
||
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
|
||
itemprop="associatedMedia"
|
||
data-slide-index="11"
|
||
data-label-slug="fig-12">
|
||
<a class="figure-link"
|
||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c196/3684255/5d67f5d40bd0/nihms461492f12.jpg"
|
||
itemprop="contentUrl"
|
||
aria-describedby="figure-caption-11"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-image-width="1050"
|
||
data-image-height="834"
|
||
data-image-alt="Fig. 12"
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC3684255"
|
||
data-figure-id="F12">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-11"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c196/3684255/6df3daa92ec6/nihms461492f12.gif"
|
||
alt="Fig. 12" />
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="1050">
|
||
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="834">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
<div class="caption-wrap">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Fig. 12 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Development of an array of… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Fig. 12 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Development of an array of nano and microparticles with variable shapes and aspect… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-11" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
Fig. 12
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Development of an array of nano and microparticles with variable shapes and aspect ratios using the PRINT technique by Desimone <i>et al</i>. Figure taken from Wang <i>et al</i>.</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="figure-item tail"
|
||
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
|
||
itemprop="associatedMedia"
|
||
data-slide-index="12"
|
||
data-label-slug="fig-13">
|
||
<a class="figure-link"
|
||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c196/3684255/511e8f2af9ac/nihms461492f13.jpg"
|
||
itemprop="contentUrl"
|
||
aria-describedby="figure-caption-12"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-image-width="1050"
|
||
data-image-height="778"
|
||
data-image-alt="Fig. 13"
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC3684255"
|
||
data-figure-id="F13">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-12"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c196/3684255/77d269adb0ce/nihms461492f13.gif"
|
||
alt="Fig. 13" />
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="1050">
|
||
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="778">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
<div class="caption-wrap">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Fig. 13 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Different strategies for multi-ligand targeting… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Fig. 13 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Different strategies for multi-ligand targeting of NPs: A: Various modes of targeting using… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-12" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
Fig. 13
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Different strategies for multi-ligand targeting of NPs: A: Various modes of targeting using single or multi-ligands (Figure taken from Ruoslahti <i>et al</i>.), B: Dual-targeting where one NP has two different ligands that target receptors on the same cell (Figure adapted from Li <i>et al</i>.), C: example of cellular and sub-cellular targeting (Figure taken from Ashley <i>et al</i>.), and D: dual targeting of one peptide to two different receptors on the same cell (Figure adapted from K. Sugahara <i>et al</i>.).</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="figure-item tail"
|
||
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
|
||
itemprop="associatedMedia"
|
||
data-slide-index="13"
|
||
data-label-slug="fig-14">
|
||
<a class="figure-link"
|
||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c196/3684255/5309152b619e/nihms461492f14.jpg"
|
||
itemprop="contentUrl"
|
||
aria-describedby="figure-caption-13"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-image-width="1050"
|
||
data-image-height="530"
|
||
data-image-alt="Fig. 14"
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC3684255"
|
||
data-figure-id="F14">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-13"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c196/3684255/582b93a04dae/nihms461492f14.gif"
|
||
alt="Fig. 14" />
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="1050">
|
||
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="530">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
<div class="caption-wrap">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Fig. 14 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Screening targeted NPs from a… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Fig. 14 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Screening targeted NPs from a derived NP library: (a–b) Laser light scattering and… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-13" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
Fig. 14
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Screening targeted NPs from a derived NP library: (a–b) Laser light scattering and atomic force microscopy of NPs. (c) Model of the crosslinked dextran coating NPs modified with small molecules. (d) Water solubility, as well as fluorescent and magnetic properties of NPs. (e) Different classes of small molecules with amino, sulfhydryl, carboxyl or anhydride functionalities anchored onto the NPs. (f) Hemotoxylin eosin–stained sections of the tumours targeting with NPs. (g) Tumour cross-sections observed using the Cy5.5 fluorescence channel indicate marked fluorescence of one identified NP; CLIO-isatoic within tumour cells. (h) Biodistribution study with <sup>111</sup>In-labelled NPs confirmed tumoural targeting of CLIO-isatoic NPs. Figure adapted from Weissleder <i>et al</i>.</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="figure-item tail"
|
||
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
|
||
itemprop="associatedMedia"
|
||
data-slide-index="14"
|
||
data-label-slug="fig-15">
|
||
<a class="figure-link"
|
||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c196/3684255/1d720bba94f3/nihms461492f15.jpg"
|
||
itemprop="contentUrl"
|
||
aria-describedby="figure-caption-14"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-image-width="1050"
|
||
data-image-height="771"
|
||
data-image-alt="Fig. 15"
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC3684255"
|
||
data-figure-id="F15">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-14"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c196/3684255/7481ef4b9014/nihms461492f15.gif"
|
||
alt="Fig. 15" />
|
||
</a>
|
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<p> Fig. 15 </p>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Strategy for co-encapsulating hydrophobic Dtxl… </p></div>
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<p> Fig. 15 </p>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Strategy for co-encapsulating hydrophobic Dtxl and more hydrophilic Pt(IV)-monosuccinate prodrug on a single… </p></div>
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Fig. 15
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<div class="figure-caption-contents">Strategy for co-encapsulating hydrophobic Dtxl and more hydrophilic Pt(IV)-monosuccinate prodrug on a single nanoparticle. Figure taken from Kolishetti <i>et al</i>.</div>
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<p> Fig. 16 </p>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Biodegradable and biocompatible polymers and… </p></div>
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<p> Fig. 16 </p>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Biodegradable and biocompatible polymers and lipids forming hybrid core/shell nanoparticles for siRNA delivery.… </p></div>
|
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Fig. 16
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||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Biodegradable and biocompatible polymers and lipids forming hybrid core/shell nanoparticles for siRNA delivery. The unique lipid–polymer–lipid nanostructure is demonstrated by TEM (top right) and fluorescence microscopy (bottom right) with microsized particles. Figure taken from Shi <i>et al</i>.</div>
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<p> Fig. 17 </p>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Design of fluorescent-labelled DACHPt/m (F-DACHPt/m)… </p></div>
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<strong class="figure-label">
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<p> Fig. 17 </p>
|
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</strong>
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|
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|
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Design of fluorescent-labelled DACHPt/m (F-DACHPt/m) for visualization of localization and drug release in… </p></div>
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Fig. 17
|
||
</strong>
|
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|
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|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Design of fluorescent-labelled DACHPt/m (F-DACHPt/m) for visualization of localization and drug release in cancer cells: (A) F-DACHPt/m self-assembled through polymer-metal complex formation between DACHPt and boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) FL–poly(ethylene glycol)-<i>b</i>-poly(glutamic acid)–BODIPY TR in distilled water. (B) Schematic representation of hypothetical subcellular pathways and action of DACHPt/m. Figure taken from Murakami <i>et al</i>.</div>
|
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|
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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Review
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-publication-types-2"
|
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Review"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
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href="/?term=%22Review%22%5Bpt%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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Search in MeSH
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</div>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
<div id="mesh-terms" class="mesh-terms keywords-section">
|
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<h2 class="title">
|
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MeSH terms
|
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</h2>
|
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<ul class="keywords-list"><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major"
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Drug Delivery Systems*"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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href="/?term=%22Drug+Delivery+Systems%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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Drug Design*
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Drug Design*"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Humans"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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Search in PubMed
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Nanoparticles / chemistry*
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Add to Search
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major"
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Neoplasms / drug therapy*"
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aria-expanded="false"
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Neoplasms / drug therapy*
|
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-4"
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class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
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hidden
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Neoplasms / drug therapy*"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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href="/?term=%22Neoplasms%2Fdrug+therapy%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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data-href="/?term=%22Neoplasms%2Fdrug+therapy%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Neoplasms/drug therapy"[MAJR]"
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Search in PubMed
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Search in MeSH
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Add to Search
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major"
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Polymers / chemistry*"
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tabindex="0"
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aria-expanded="false"
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Polymers / chemistry*
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-5"
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class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
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hidden
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Polymers / chemistry*"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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href="/?term=%22Polymers%2Fchemistry%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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data-href="/?term=%22Polymers%2Fchemistry%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Polymers/chemistry"[MAJR]"
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Search in PubMed
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|
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</div>
|
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|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="substances" class="substances keywords-section">
|
||
<h2 class="title">
|
||
Substances
|
||
</h2>
|
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|
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<ul class="keywords-list"><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Polymers"
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tabindex="0"
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aria-expanded="false"
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Polymers
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-0"
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class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
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hidden
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Polymers"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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href="/?term=%22Polymers%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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data-href="/?term=%22Polymers%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="grants" class="grants">
|
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<h2 class="title">
|
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Grants and funding
|
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</h2>
|
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<div class="grants-list"><ul id="grants-head-list"><li class="grant-item"><a
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title="All articles for grant HHSN268201000045C/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States"
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href="/?term=HHSN268201000045C%2FHL%2FNHLBI+NIH+HHS%2FUnited+States%5BGrants+and+Funding%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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HHSN268201000045C/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
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</a></li><li class="grant-item"><a
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title="All articles for grant U54 CA151884/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States"
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href="/?term=U54+CA151884%2FCA%2FNCI+NIH+HHS%2FUnited+States%5BGrants+and+Funding%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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U54 CA151884/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States
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</a></li><li class="grant-item"><a
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title="All articles for grant K08 EB003647/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/United States"
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K08 EB003647/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/United States
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</a></li><li class="grant-item"><a
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title="All articles for grant EB003647/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/United States"
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href="/?term=EB003647%2FEB%2FNIBIB+NIH+HHS%2FUnited+States%5BGrants+and+Funding%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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</a></li><li class="grant-item"><a
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title="All articles for grant CA151884/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States"
|
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href="/?term=CA151884%2FCA%2FNCI+NIH+HHS%2FUnited+States%5BGrants+and+Funding%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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</a></li></ul></div>
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</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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<div id="linkout" class="linkout">
|
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<h2 class="title">
|
||
LinkOut - more resources
|
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</h2>
|
||
|
||
<ul class="linkout-list"><li><h3 class="linkout-category">Full Text Sources</h3><ul class="linkout-category-links"><li><a
|
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href="https://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/22388185"
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target="_blank"
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rel="noopener"
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Europe PubMed Central
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</a></li><li><a
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href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/22388185/"
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target="_blank"
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PubMed Central
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