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||
|
||
<span class="search-input-link user-guide-link" role="navigation" aria-label="User guide">
|
||
<a href="/help/"
|
||
data-ga-category="featured_link"
|
||
data-ga-action="user_guide">
|
||
User Guide
|
||
</a>
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</form>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="article-page-header">
|
||
<div id="article-top-actions-bar" class="article-top-actions-bar">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<div class="actions-container">
|
||
<div class="return-to-search">
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="multiple-results-actions " role="region" aria-label="save, email, send to">
|
||
<button id="save-results-panel-trigger"
|
||
type="button"
|
||
class="save-results save-results-panel-trigger"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
aria-controls="save-action-panel"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="save"
|
||
data-ga-label="open">
|
||
Save
|
||
</button><button id="email-results-panel-trigger"
|
||
type="button"
|
||
class="email-results email-results-panel-trigger"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
aria-controls="email-action-panel"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="email"
|
||
data-ga-label="open">
|
||
Email
|
||
</button><div class="more-actions dropdown-block"><button id="more-actions-trigger"
|
||
type="button"
|
||
class="trigger more-actions-trigger"
|
||
ref="linksrc=show_moreactions_btn"
|
||
aria-label="Send to"
|
||
aria-controls="more-actions-dropdown">Send to</button><div id="more-actions-dropdown" class="dropdown dropdown-container" hidden><div class="content"><ul class="more-actions-links"><li><a class="clipboard-panel-trigger dropdown-block-link "
|
||
href="#"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="clipboard"
|
||
data-ga-label="send">
|
||
Clipboard
|
||
</a></li><li><a role="button" class="dropdown-block-link bibliography-trigger-target" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F21040849%2F%23open-bibliography-panel">My Bibliography</a></li><li><a role="button" class="dropdown-block-link collections-trigger-target" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F21040849%2F%23open-collections-panel">Collections</a></li><li><a role="button" class="citation-manager-panel-trigger dropdown-block-link citation-manager-trigger-target" href="#">Citation manager</a></li></ul></div></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="display-options" data-format-key="format"
|
||
data-default-format-value="abstract"
|
||
data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region">
|
||
<button
|
||
class="trigger usa-button"
|
||
title="Change format"
|
||
data-ga-category="display_options"
|
||
data-ga-action="display_options_dialog">
|
||
<span class="button-label">Display options</span>
|
||
</button>
|
||
|
||
<div class="dropdown" hidden>
|
||
<div class="title">
|
||
Display options
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
|
||
<div class="format-container">
|
||
<span class="option-label">
|
||
Format
|
||
</span>
|
||
<select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="article-display-format">
|
||
<option value="abstract">Abstract</option>
|
||
|
||
<option value="pubmed">PubMed</option>
|
||
|
||
<option value="pmid">PMID</option>
|
||
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="w2yfphHbsha2W7XEcJdV4WbO33ICFkq8NPik27ax2SXwQy3uP2QXy4HsB7qOyVYs">
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="article-panels-container" class="article-panels-container">
|
||
<div id="save-action-panel" class="save-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Save citation to file
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<form id="save-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
action="/results-export-ids/"
|
||
data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/"
|
||
data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/"
|
||
method="post"
|
||
data-by-search-method="post"
|
||
data-by-ids-method="post">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="w2yfphHbsha2W7XEcJdV4WbO33ICFkq8NPik27ax2SXwQy3uP2QXy4HsB7qOyVYs">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="save-action-format" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Format:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="save-action-format" name="results-format" class="action-panel-selector">
|
||
<option value="summary-text">Summary (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="pubmed-text">PubMed</option>
|
||
<option value="pmid">PMID</option>
|
||
<option value="abstract">Abstract (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="csv">CSV</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Saving..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="save"
|
||
data-ga-label="save">
|
||
Create file
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Save citations to file' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_save_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="save-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="save"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="email-action-panel"
|
||
class="email-action-panel action-panel"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"
|
||
data-recaptcha-script-url="https://www.recaptcha.net/recaptcha/enterprise.js?render=explicit&onload=onloadCaptchaCallback"
|
||
data-recaptcha-enabled="true">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Email citation
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<form id="email-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
action="/send-email/"
|
||
data-by-search-action="/results-export-email-by-search-data/"
|
||
data-by-ids-action="/send-email/"
|
||
data-by-search-method="post"
|
||
data-by-ids-method="post"
|
||
method="post"
|
||
>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="w2yfphHbsha2W7XEcJdV4WbO33ICFkq8NPik27ax2SXwQy3uP2QXy4HsB7qOyVYs">
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<span class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Subject:
|
||
</span>
|
||
<span class="email-subject" id="email-subject" aria-label="Email subject">1 selected item: 21040849 - PubMed</span>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="email-subject" value="1 selected item: 21040849"/>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="email-subject-hash" value="bff31882c5ff67b95c321319560959decca1469317cef816e3aaa4bac962a18a"/>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="email-to" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
To:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input type="email" aria-label="Recipient Email Address" placeholder="email@example.com" id="email-to" class="email-to" pattern="^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$" maxlength="100" required>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="email-from" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
From:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input type="email" aria-label="Sender Email Address" placeholder="email@example.com" id="email-from" class="email-from" pattern="^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$" maxlength="256">
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="email-citation-format" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Format:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="email-citation-format" name="citation-format" class="action-panel-selector email-citation-format">
|
||
<option selected="selected" value="summary">Summary</option>
|
||
<option value="summary-text">Summary (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="abstract">Abstract</option>
|
||
<option value="abstract-text">Abstract (text)</option>
|
||
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="include-supplemental-container">
|
||
<input type="checkbox" aria-label="Include MeSH and other data" name="include-supplemental" id="email-include-supplemental" class="email-include-supplemental">
|
||
<label for="email-include-supplemental" class="email-include-supplemental-label">MeSH and other data</label>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="form-field recaptcha ">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="g-recaptcha" id="id-recaptcha" data-sitekey="6LfsWHMdAAAAAClKbtOpjQ2pMjgsGxvv7NdZW9uI"></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="captcha-error-message" class="usa-input-error-message captcha-validation-message" role="alert"></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Sending..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="email"
|
||
data-ga-label="send">
|
||
Send email
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Email citations' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_email_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="email-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="email"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="email-search-details" value="" />
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="email-search-details-hash" value="0e42663a6c3bd85498fcb88798998fed7bfdc45d457db35281e41afe13cc0524" />
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="collections-action-panel"
|
||
class="collections-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"
|
||
data-collections-open-panel-enabled="false"
|
||
data-collections-open-panel-url-hash="#open-collections-panel">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h3 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Add to Collections
|
||
</h3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<form id="collections-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
|
||
data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/"
|
||
data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/"
|
||
data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/"
|
||
data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/"
|
||
data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100"
|
||
data-add-to-collection-max-amount="1000"
|
||
data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="w2yfphHbsha2W7XEcJdV4WbO33ICFkq8NPik27ax2SXwQy3uP2QXy4HsB7qOyVYs">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup">
|
||
<ul class="radio-group-items">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input type="radio"
|
||
id="collections-action-panel-new"
|
||
class="collections-new"
|
||
name="collections"
|
||
value="new"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="collections"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_radio_new">
|
||
<label for="collections-action-panel-new">Create a new collection</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input type="radio"
|
||
id="collections-action-panel-existing"
|
||
class="collections-existing"
|
||
name="collections"
|
||
value="existing"
|
||
checked="true"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="collections"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing">
|
||
<label for="collections-action-panel-existing">Add to an existing collection</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="controls-wrapper">
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls">
|
||
<label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Name your collection:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input
|
||
type="text"
|
||
name="add-to-new-collection"
|
||
id="collections-action-panel-add-to-new"
|
||
class="collections-action-add-to-new"
|
||
pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"
|
||
maxlength="100"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="create_collection"
|
||
data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection">
|
||
<div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Name must be less than 100 characters
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls">
|
||
<label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Choose a collection:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing"
|
||
class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="select_collection"
|
||
data-ga-label="($('#collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'">
|
||
</select>
|
||
<div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Unable to load your collection due to an error<br>
|
||
<a href="#">Please try again</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Adding..."
|
||
data-pinger-ignore
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="collections"
|
||
data-ga-label="add">
|
||
Add
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="collections-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="collections"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="bibliography-action-panel"
|
||
class="bibliography-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"
|
||
data-bibliography-open-panel-enabled="false"
|
||
data-bibliography-open-panel-url-hash="#open-bibliography-panel">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h3 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Add to My Bibliography
|
||
</h3>
|
||
<form id="bibliography-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="bibliography-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
|
||
data-add-to-bibliography-max-amount="100"
|
||
data-add-to-bibliography-batch-size="10"
|
||
data-bibliography-delegates-url="/list-bibliography-delegates/"
|
||
data-add-to-bibliography-url="/add-to-bibliography/"
|
||
data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/"
|
||
data-mybib-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/mybibliography/">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="w2yfphHbsha2W7XEcJdV4WbO33ICFkq8NPik27ax2SXwQy3uP2QXy4HsB7qOyVYs">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap bibliographies-controls">
|
||
<div class="choice-group">
|
||
<ul class="bibliographies-action-add radio-group-items">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input name="bibliography" id="my-bibliography" class="my-bibliography" type="radio" checked/>
|
||
<label for="my-bibliography">My Bibliography</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="bibliographies-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Unable to load your delegates due to an error<br>
|
||
<a href="#">Please try again</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Adding..."
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Add
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Add to bibliography' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_bibliography_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="bibliography-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="mybib"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="saved-search-action-panel" class="saved-search-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true"
|
||
data-saved-search-open-panel-enabled="false"
|
||
data-saved-search-open-panel-url-hash="#open-saved-search-panel">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Your saved search
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
<form id="saved-search-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="saved-search-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
data-create-saved-search-url="/create-saved-search/"
|
||
data-try-search-terms-url="/try-search-term/"
|
||
data-saved-search-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/searches/">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="w2yfphHbsha2W7XEcJdV4WbO33ICFkq8NPik27ax2SXwQy3uP2QXy4HsB7qOyVYs">
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-name" class="action-panel-label saved-search-name-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Name of saved search:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input maxlength="200"
|
||
type="text"
|
||
name="saved-search-name"
|
||
id="saved-search-name"
|
||
class="saved-search-name"
|
||
value=""
|
||
required
|
||
pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/">
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-term" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Search terms:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<textarea name="saved-search-term" id="saved-search-term" class="saved-search-term" required></textarea>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="test-search-term-wrap">
|
||
<a href="#" class="try-search-term">Test search terms</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="choice-group action-panel-extra-margin-top">
|
||
<span class="action-panel-label" id="fieldset-label">
|
||
Would you like email updates of new search results?
|
||
</span>
|
||
<fieldset id="saved-search-alert" aria-describedby="fieldset-label">
|
||
<legend class="usa-sr-only">Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons</legend>
|
||
<ul class="radio-group-items">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-yes" class="saved-search-alert-yes" name="saved-search-alert" value="yes" checked>
|
||
<label for="saved-search-alert-yes" class="action-panel-label">Yes</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input aria-label="No radio input" type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-no" class="saved-search-alert-no" name="saved-search-alert" value="no">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-alert-no" class="action-panel-label">No</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</fieldset>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="alert-schedule-wrap">
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Email:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<span aria-label="Email address" id="saved-search-email" class="action-panel-label"><span class="action-panel-label-bold"></span> (<a class="myncbi-account-settings" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/">change</a>)</span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-frequency" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Frequency:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-frequency" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-frequency">
|
||
<option value="monthly">Monthly</option>
|
||
<option value="weekly">Weekly</option>
|
||
<option value="daily">Daily</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-monthly-additional">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Which day?
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector">
|
||
<option value="Sunday">The first Sunday</option>
|
||
<option value="Monday">The first Monday</option>
|
||
<option value="Tuesday">The first Tuesday</option>
|
||
<option value="Wednesday">The first Wednesday</option>
|
||
<option value="Thursday">The first Thursday</option>
|
||
<option value="Friday">The first Friday</option>
|
||
<option value="Saturday">The first Saturday</option>
|
||
<option value="day">The first day</option>
|
||
<option value="weekday">The first weekday</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-weekly-additional">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Which day?
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-weekly-on-day">
|
||
<option value="Sunday">Sunday</option>
|
||
<option value="Monday">Monday</option>
|
||
<option value="Tuesday">Tuesday</option>
|
||
<option value="Wednesday">Wednesday</option>
|
||
<option value="Thursday">Thursday</option>
|
||
<option value="Friday">Friday</option>
|
||
<option value="Saturday">Saturday</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-report" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Report format:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-report" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-report">
|
||
<option value="DocSum">Summary</option>
|
||
<option value="DocSumText">Summary (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="Abstract">Abstract</option>
|
||
<option value="AbstractText">Abstract (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="MEDLINE">PubMed</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-amount" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Send at most:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-amount" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-amount">
|
||
<option value="1">1 item</option>
|
||
<option value="5" selected>5 items</option>
|
||
<option value="10">10 items</option>
|
||
<option value="20">20 items</option>
|
||
<option value="50">50 items</option>
|
||
<option value="100">100 items</option>
|
||
<option value="200">200 items</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div>
|
||
<input type="checkbox" id="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="saved-search-send-if-no-result" name="saved-search-send-if-no-result">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="action-panel-label smaller-checkbox">
|
||
Send even when there aren't any new results
|
||
</label>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap option-text-in-email-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-email-text" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Optional text in email:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<textarea name="saved-search-email-text"
|
||
id="saved-search-email-text"
|
||
class="saved-search-email-text"></textarea>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Saving..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="alert"
|
||
data-ga-label="save">
|
||
Save
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Your saved search' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_saved_search_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="saved-search-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="alert"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="citation-manager-action-panel" class="citation-manager-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Create a file for external citation management software
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<form id="citation-manager-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
action="/results-export-ids/"
|
||
data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/"
|
||
data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/"
|
||
method="post"
|
||
data-by-search-method="post"
|
||
data-by-ids-method="post">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="w2yfphHbsha2W7XEcJdV4WbO33ICFkq8NPik27ax2SXwQy3uP2QXy4HsB7qOyVYs">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input name="results-format" type="hidden" value="pubmed"/>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Sending..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="citation_manager"
|
||
data-ga-label="save">
|
||
Create file
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Send citations to citation manager' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_citation_manager_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="citation-manager-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="citation_manager"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="rss-action-panel" class="rss-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Your RSS Feed
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
<form id="rss-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="rss-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
data-create-rss-feed-url="/create-rss-feed-url/"
|
||
data-search-form-term-value="">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="w2yfphHbsha2W7XEcJdV4WbO33ICFkq8NPik27ax2SXwQy3uP2QXy4HsB7qOyVYs">
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="rss-name" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Name of RSS Feed:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input maxlength="200"
|
||
placeholder="Name"
|
||
type="text"
|
||
name="rss-name"
|
||
id="rss-name"
|
||
class="rss-name"
|
||
value=''
|
||
required
|
||
pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/">
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="rss-limit-wrap">
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top">
|
||
<label for="rss-limit" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Number of items displayed:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="rss-limit" class="no-border-panel-selector rss-limit">
|
||
<option value="5">5</option>
|
||
<option value="10">10</option>
|
||
<option value="15" selected="selected">15</option>
|
||
<option value="20">20</option>
|
||
<option value="50">50</option>
|
||
<option value="100">100</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Creating..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="alert"
|
||
data-ga-label="save">
|
||
Create RSS
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Your RSS' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_rss_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="rss-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="alert"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap rss-link-copy-wrap">
|
||
<label for="rss-link" class="usa-sr-only">RSS Link</label>
|
||
<input placeholder="Your RSS Feed Link" type="text" name="rss-link" id="rss-link" class="rss-link" title="RSS Link">
|
||
<button
|
||
type="button"
|
||
disabled
|
||
class="rss-link-copy-button disabled"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="rss"
|
||
data-ga-label="copy">
|
||
Copy
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="article-page" id="article-page" data-article-pmid="21040849">
|
||
<aside class="page-sidebar">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
|
||
<div class="full-text-links">
|
||
<div class="full-view">
|
||
<h3 class="title">
|
||
Full text links
|
||
</h3>
|
||
<div class="full-text-links-list">
|
||
<a class="link-item
|
||
|
||
dialog-focus"
|
||
href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0896-6273(10)00756-7"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="noopener"
|
||
|
||
ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&is_pmc=False&PrId=3048&itool=Abstract-def&log$=linkouticon&uid=21040849&db=pubmed&nlmid=8809320"
|
||
title="See full text options at Elsevier Science"
|
||
|
||
data-ga-category="full_text"
|
||
data-ga-action="Elsevier Science"
|
||
data-ga-label="21040849"
|
||
><img src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/query/egifs/https:--linkinghub.elsevier.com-ihub-images-celloa.png" alt="Elsevier Science full text link"><span class="text">
|
||
|
||
Elsevier Science
|
||
|
||
</span></a><a class="link-item
|
||
pmc
|
||
"
|
||
href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/21040849/"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="noopener"
|
||
|
||
ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&is_pmc=True&PrId=3494&itool=Abstract-def&log$=linkouticon&uid=21040849&db=pubmed&nlmid=8809320"
|
||
title="Free full text at PubMed Central"
|
||
|
||
data-ga-category="full_text"
|
||
data-ga-action="PMC"
|
||
data-ga-label="21040849"
|
||
><span class="text">
|
||
|
||
Free PMC article
|
||
|
||
</span></a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="short-view">
|
||
<a href="#" class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger">
|
||
Full text links
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="actions-buttons sidebar"><h3 class="title">Actions</h3><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger"
|
||
aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="cite"
|
||
data-ga-label="open"
|
||
data-all-citations-url="/21040849/citations/"
|
||
data-citation-style="nlm"
|
||
data-pubmed-format-link="/21040849/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><link type="text/css" href="ncbi-overlay-block/src/overlay-block.css"><div class="collections-button-container" data-article-id="21040849" data-article-db="pubmed"><button class="collections-button collections-dialog-trigger"
|
||
aria-label="Save article in MyNCBI collections."
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_button"
|
||
data-collections-open-dialog-enabled="false"
|
||
data-collections-open-dialog-url="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F21040849%2F%23open-collections-dialog"
|
||
data-in-collections="false"><span class="button-label">Collections</span></button><div class="overlay" role="dialog"><div id="collections-action-dialog"
|
||
class="dialog collections-dialog"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"><div class="title">Add to Collections</div><div class="collections-action-panel action-panel"><form id="collections-action-dialog-form"
|
||
class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
|
||
data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/"
|
||
data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/"
|
||
data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/"
|
||
data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100"
|
||
data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/"><input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="w2yfphHbsha2W7XEcJdV4WbO33ICFkq8NPik27ax2SXwQy3uP2QXy4HsB7qOyVYs"><div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup"><ul class="radio-group-items"><li><input type="radio"
|
||
id="collections-action-dialog-new"
|
||
class="collections-new"
|
||
name="collections"
|
||
value="new"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_radio_new"><label for="collections-action-dialog-new">Create a new collection</label></li><li><input type="radio"
|
||
id="collections-action-dialog-existing"
|
||
class="collections-existing"
|
||
name="collections"
|
||
value="existing"
|
||
checked="true"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing"><label for="collections-action-dialog-existing">Add to an existing collection</label></li></ul></div><div class="controls-wrapper"><div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Name your collection:
|
||
</label><input
|
||
type="text"
|
||
name="add-to-new-collection"
|
||
id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new"
|
||
class="collections-action-add-to-new"
|
||
pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"
|
||
maxlength="100"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="create_collection"
|
||
data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"><div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Name must be less than 100 characters
|
||
</div></div><div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Choose a collection:
|
||
</label><select id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing"
|
||
class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="select_collection"
|
||
data-ga-label="($('.collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"></select><div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Unable to load your collection due to an error<br><a href="#">Please try again</a></div></div></div><div class="action-panel-actions"><button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Adding..."
|
||
data-pinger-ignore
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="add">
|
||
Add
|
||
</button><button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="collections-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button></div></form></div></div></div></div><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger"
|
||
title="Open dialog with more actions to take"
|
||
ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" data-format-key="format"
|
||
data-default-format-value="abstract"
|
||
data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"><button
|
||
class="trigger usa-button"
|
||
title="Change format"
|
||
data-ga-category="display_options"
|
||
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Extracellular calcium controls background current and neuronal excitability via an UNC79-UNC80-NALCN cation channel complex
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Extracellular calcium controls background current and neuronal excitability via an UNC79-UNC80-NALCN cation channel complex
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In contrast to its extensively studied intracellular roles, the molecular mechanisms by which extracellular Ca(2+) regulates the basal excitability of neurons are unclear. One mechanism is believed to be through Ca(2+)'s interaction with the negative charges on the cell membrane (the charge screening effect). Here we show that, in cultured hippocampal neurons, lowering [Ca(2+)](e) activates a NALCN channel-dependent Na(+)-leak current (I(L-Na)). The coupling between [Ca(2+)](e) and NALCN requires a Ca(2+)-sensing G protein-coupled receptor, an activation of G-proteins, an UNC80 protein that bridges NALCN to a large novel protein UNC79 in the same complex, and the last amino acid of NALCN's intracellular tail. In neurons from nalcn and unc79 knockout mice, I(L-Na) is insensitive to changes in [Ca(2+)](e), and reducing [Ca(2+)](e) fails to elicit the excitatory effects seen in the wild-type. Therefore, extracellular Ca(2+) influences neuronal excitability through the UNC79-UNC80-NALCN complex in a G protein-dependent fashion.
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<p> Figure 1. Dependence of the Excitatory Action of Low [Ca <sup> 2+ </sup> ] <sub> e </sub> on NALCN </p>
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Figure 1. Dependence of the Excitatory Action of Low [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>e</sub> on NALCN
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<div class="figure-caption-contents">A hyperpolarizing holding current (I<sub>Hold</sub>, -45 pA in the neuron in panel <i>A</i>; -30 pA in panel <i>B</i>; -33.7 ± 11.0 pA (wild-type) and -14.8 ± 5.0 pA (<i>NALCN</i><sup>-/-</sup>) for panel <i>C</i>) was injected to bring each neuron's steady membrane potential to -80 mV in 1.2 mM Ca<sup>2+</sup>-containing bath. Pulses (10 s, as illustrated in lower right in panel <i>B</i>) of additional depolarizing currents with increasing amplitudes (+10 to +40 pA; “+injection” in the X-axes) superimposed on the holding currents (I<sub>Hold</sub>) were injected every 50 s. (A, B) Examples of current-clamp recordings from a wild-type (A) and a <i>NALCN</i> mutant neuron (B) in baths containing 1.2 mM (upper traces) or 0.5 mM (lower traces) Ca<sup>2+</sup>. Firing frequencies of the neurons during the 10 s depolarizing pulses are plotted in the right panels. (C) Statistics of firing frequencies from wild-type (<i>left</i>) and <i>NALCN</i><sup>-/-</sup> neurons (<i>right</i>). Error bars, mean and s.e.m. See also Figure S1.</div>
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||
itemprop="contentUrl"
|
||
aria-describedby="figure-caption-1"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-image-width="400"
|
||
data-image-height="639"
|
||
data-image-alt="Figure 2"
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC2987630"
|
||
data-figure-id="F2">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-1"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a9d6/2987630/c8edb56594ab/nihms-240231-f0002.gif"
|
||
alt="Figure 2" />
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="400">
|
||
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="639">
|
||
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||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
<div class="caption-wrap">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Figure 2. Control of Resting Na <sup> +… </sup> </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Figure 2. Control of Resting Na <sup> + </sup> Leak Current by Extracellular Ca <sup> 2+ </sup> in Cultured… </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-1" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
Figure 2. Control of Resting Na<sup>+</sup> Leak Current by Extracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">(A) Representative holding currents at –68 mV in a wild-type (<i>+/+</i>) neuron. Na<sup>+</sup>-leak current is presented as ΔI<sub>L-Na</sub> (indicated by the double arrow), defined as the difference between holding currents in 140 mM (solid bar) and 14 mM (open bar) Na<sup>+</sup>-containing baths. A 0.25 sec recording is shown for each condition. ΔI<sub>L-Na</sub> increased when [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>e</sub> was switched from 2 mM (indicated by the hatched bar labeled 2 Ca) to 0.1 mM (0.1 Ca). (B) ΔI<sub>L-Na</sub> in wild-type neurons measured at various [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>e</sub> normalized to that measured with 2 mM [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>e</sub> (<i>n</i> ≥ 5). (C) Similar to (A), but from a <i>NALCN<sup>-/-</sup></i> neuron. (D) Comparison of ΔI<sub>L-Na</sub> between wild-type (+/+) and <i>NALCN<sup>-/-</sup></i> neurons at a range of [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>e</sub>, as indicated. The number of cells for each condition is indicated in parentheses. (E) Representative ΔI<sub>L-Na</sub> restored by NALCN cDNA transfection into the <i>NALCN<sup>-/-</sup></i> neurons. (F) Summary of ΔI<sub>L-Na</sub> generated by NALCN or mock (empty vector) transfection in 2 mM and 0.1 mM [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>e</sub> (mean ± SEM). See also Figure S2.</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="figure-item "
|
||
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
|
||
itemprop="associatedMedia"
|
||
data-slide-index="2"
|
||
data-label-slug="figure-3">
|
||
<a class="figure-link"
|
||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a9d6/2987630/f72ec9c01cc0/nihms-240231-f0003.jpg"
|
||
itemprop="contentUrl"
|
||
aria-describedby="figure-caption-2"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-image-width="565"
|
||
data-image-height="600"
|
||
data-image-alt="Figure 3"
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC2987630"
|
||
data-figure-id="F3">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-2"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a9d6/2987630/8b6394d87b10/nihms-240231-f0003.gif"
|
||
alt="Figure 3" />
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="565">
|
||
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="600">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
<div class="caption-wrap">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Figure 3. Dependence of Low [Ca <sup> 2+… </sup> </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Figure 3. Dependence of Low [Ca <sup> 2+ </sup> ] <sub> e </sub> -activated Current (I <sub> LCA </sub> ) on… </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> (A)… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-2" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
Figure 3. Dependence of Low [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>e</sub>-activated Current (I<sub>LCA</sub>) on the Carboxy-terminal Residues of NALCN
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">(A) Schematic illustration of the location of the NALCN C-terminal mutants. The C-terminal sequences (from the rat isoform, accession # NP_705894) are shown (<i>right</i>). Non-conserved (red) and conserved (blue) amino acid substitutions in the chicken isoform (accession # XP_416967) are highlighted. Shadowed sequences indicate sequence non-essential to I<sub>LCA</sub> (deleted in Δ1623-1699). (B) Representative ΔI<sub>L-Na</sub> recordings from SH-SY5Y cells transfected with NALCN deletion mutants Δ1623-1699 (with amino acids 1623-1699 deleted), Δ1724-1732 and Δ1738. (C) Summary of potentiation of ΔI<sub>L-Na</sub> by lowering [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>e</sub> from 2 mM to 0.1 mM, defined as percentage of increase ([ΔI<sub>L-Na</sub> in 0.1 mM Ca<sup>2+</sup> - ΔI<sub>L-Na</sub> in 2 mM Ca<sup>2+</sup>]/ΔI<sub>L-Na</sub> in 2 mM Ca<sup>2+</sup>). Data from transfected <i>NALCN</i><sup>-/-</sup> and SH-SY5Y cells were pooled. Measurements from the 5 full-length NALCN-transfected neurons used in Figure 2F were also included for comparison. See Figure S3 for the averaged sizes of ΔI<sub>L-Na</sub> in 2 mM and 0.1 mM Ca<sup>2+</sup> -containing baths.</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="figure-item "
|
||
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
|
||
itemprop="associatedMedia"
|
||
data-slide-index="3"
|
||
data-label-slug="figure-4">
|
||
<a class="figure-link"
|
||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a9d6/2987630/50f36b4767b1/nihms-240231-f0004.jpg"
|
||
itemprop="contentUrl"
|
||
aria-describedby="figure-caption-3"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-image-width="600"
|
||
data-image-height="590"
|
||
data-image-alt="Figure 4"
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC2987630"
|
||
data-figure-id="F4">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-3"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a9d6/2987630/18660843bab3/nihms-240231-f0004.gif"
|
||
alt="Figure 4" />
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="600">
|
||
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="590">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
<div class="caption-wrap">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Figure 4. Synergism between Low [Ca <sup> 2+… </sup> </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Figure 4. Synergism between Low [Ca <sup> 2+ </sup> ] <sub> e </sub> and Substance P </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> (A) Representative recordings of I <sub> LCA… </sub> </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-3" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
Figure 4. Synergism between Low [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>e</sub> and Substance P
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">(A) Representative recordings of I<sub>LCA</sub> in the presence and absence of substance P (1 μM), from a wild-type neuron cultured on pre-plated glial cells (<i>left</i>), or a <i>NALCN</i><sup>-/-</sup> neuron cultured under the same conditions (<i>right</i>). (B) Average I<sub>LCA</sub> of wild-type (+/+), <i>NALCN</i><sup>-/-</sup>, and full-length (<i>NALCN</i><sup>-/-</sup>; NALCN) or carboxy-terminal truncated (Δ1638-1738) NALCN cDNA-transfected <i>NALCN</i><sup>-/-</sup> neurons in the presence or absence of SP. For the wild-type or transfected neurons, only cells with greater than 20 pA SP-activated current (I<sub>SP</sub>, measured under 2 mM [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>e</sub> as illustrated by an arrow in panel A) were selected for analysis. <i>NALCN</i><sup>-/-</sup> neurons had no detectable I<sub>SP</sub>.</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="figure-item "
|
||
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
|
||
itemprop="associatedMedia"
|
||
data-slide-index="4"
|
||
data-label-slug="figure-5">
|
||
<a class="figure-link"
|
||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a9d6/2987630/56d49cb5e3bd/nihms-240231-f0005.jpg"
|
||
itemprop="contentUrl"
|
||
aria-describedby="figure-caption-4"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-image-width="800"
|
||
data-image-height="634"
|
||
data-image-alt="Figure 5"
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC2987630"
|
||
data-figure-id="F5">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-4"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a9d6/2987630/87057361f594/nihms-240231-f0005.gif"
|
||
alt="Figure 5" />
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="800">
|
||
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="634">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
<div class="caption-wrap">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Figure 5. UNC79 Forms a Complex with… </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Figure 5. UNC79 Forms a Complex with NALCN via Its Interaction with UNC80 in the… </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-4" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
Figure 5. UNC79 Forms a Complex with NALCN via Its Interaction with UNC80 in the Brain and Influences UNC80 Protein Level
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">(A) Association of NALCN, UNC79, and UNC80 in the brain. Total mouse brain protein was immunoprecipitated (IP) with the indicated antibodies and blotted (IB) with anti-NALCN (<i>left</i>) or anti-UNC80 (<i>right</i>) antibodies. Anti-HA (α-Ctrl1) and anti-CATSPER1 (α-Ctrl2) were used as control antibodies for specificity. (B) Association of UNC79 with the NALCN complex via its interaction with UNC80. Lysates from HEK293T cells transfected with the indicated combinations of plasmids were immunoprecipitated and blotted with indicated antibodies (<i>lanes 1–2</i> and <i>lanes 3–5</i> are from two separate gels). A FLAG-tagged transmembrane protein, CATSPERβ (FLAG-Ctrl3), was used as a control. (C) Western blot using total brain protein from wild-type (WT) and <i>UNC79</i> knockout (KO), showing the recognition of native UNC79 protein by the anti-UNC79 antibody. Cell lysates from HEK293T cells transfected with UNC79 cDNA or empty vector (mock) were loaded for molecular weight comparison and assessment of antibody specificity. (D) Western blot showing absence of detectable UNC80 protein in the <i>UNC79</i> knockout brain. (E) Western blot with anti-NALCN showing NALCN protein in the <i>UNC79</i> KO (left two lanes). Immunoprecipitating with anti-UNC79 or anti-UNC80 failed to precipitate NALCN in the KO because of the absence of UNC79 and UNC80 in the mutant. See also Figure S7 for a model of the interaction among NALCN, UNC79 and UNC80.</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="figure-item "
|
||
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
|
||
itemprop="associatedMedia"
|
||
data-slide-index="5"
|
||
data-label-slug="figure-6">
|
||
<a class="figure-link"
|
||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a9d6/2987630/ce5f9633bd38/nihms-240231-f0006.jpg"
|
||
itemprop="contentUrl"
|
||
aria-describedby="figure-caption-5"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-image-width="508"
|
||
data-image-height="599"
|
||
data-image-alt="Figure 6"
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC2987630"
|
||
data-figure-id="F6">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-5"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a9d6/2987630/fcda63019ba7/nihms-240231-f0006.gif"
|
||
alt="Figure 6" />
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="508">
|
||
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="599">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
<div class="caption-wrap">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Figure 6. The Na <sup> + </sup> -leak Current… </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Figure 6. The Na <sup> + </sup> -leak Current Is Insensitive to [Ca <sup> 2+ </sup> ] <sub> e </sub> in… </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-5" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
Figure 6. The Na<sup>+</sup>-leak Current Is Insensitive to [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>e</sub> in <i>UNC79</i> Mutant Neurons, but the Sensitivity Can Be Rescued with UNC80
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">(A–C) Representative ΔI<sub>L-Na</sub> in wild-type (A, +/+), <i>UNC79</i> knockout (A, <i>UNC79<sup>-/-</sup></i>), <i>UNC79</i><sup>-/-</sup> transfected with UNC79 cDNA (B), or <i>UNC79</i><sup>-/-</sup> transfected with UNC80 (C) neurons in baths containing 2 mM or 0.1 mM Ca<sup>2+</sup>. (D) Summary of ΔI<sub>L-Na</sub> recorded with 2 mM [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>e</sub> (<i>left group</i>) and 0.1 mM [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>e</sub> (<i>middle group</i>), and the difference between the two (I<sub>LCA</sub>, <i>right group</i>). Neurons cultured from littermates under identical conditions were used for comparison between the wild-type and mutant. The number of cells for each condition is indicated in parentheses.</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="figure-item tail"
|
||
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
|
||
itemprop="associatedMedia"
|
||
data-slide-index="6"
|
||
data-label-slug="figure-7">
|
||
<a class="figure-link"
|
||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a9d6/2987630/fe7299db860d/nihms-240231-f0007.jpg"
|
||
itemprop="contentUrl"
|
||
aria-describedby="figure-caption-6"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-image-width="600"
|
||
data-image-height="467"
|
||
data-image-alt="Figure 7"
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC2987630"
|
||
data-figure-id="F7">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-6"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a9d6/2987630/6663ba50a609/nihms-240231-f0007.gif"
|
||
alt="Figure 7" />
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="600">
|
||
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="467">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
<div class="caption-wrap">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Figure 7. Dependence of the Excitatory Action… </p>
|
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<p> Figure 7. Dependence of the Excitatory Action of Low [Ca <sup> 2+ </sup> ] <sub> e </sub> on UNC79 </p>
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</strong>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Hyperpolarizing holding currents… </p></div>
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<strong class="figure-label">
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Figure 7. Dependence of the Excitatory Action of Low [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>e</sub> on UNC79
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</strong>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents">Hyperpolarizing holding currents (I<sub>Hold</sub>, -60 pA in the neuron in panel <i>A</i>; -100 pA in panel <i>B</i>; -64.0 + 18.8 pA (wild-type), -83.7 + 19.2 pA (<i>UNC79</i><sup>-/-</sup>) and -32.7 + 17.4 pA (<i>NALCN</i><sup>-/-</sup>) for panel C) was injected to bring each neuron's steady membrane potential to -80 mV in 1.2 mM Ca<sup>2+</sup>-containing bath. Pulses (10 s, as illustrated in lower right in panel <i>B</i>) of additional depolarizing currents with increasing amplitudes (+10 to +60 pA) were injected every 50 s. (A, B) Examples of current-clamp recordings from a wild-type (A) and an <i>UNC79</i> mutant neuron (B) in baths containing 1.2 mM (upper traces) or 0.1 mM (lower traces) Ca<sup>2+</sup>. Firing frequencies of the neurons during the 10 s depolarizing pulses are plotted in the right columns. Notice a large depolarization of holding membrane potential in the wild-type (A), but not in the mutant (B), when [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>e</sub> was lowered to 0.1 mM. (C) Statistics of firing frequencies from wild-type (<i>left</i>), <i>UNC79</i><sup>-/-</sup> (<i>middle</i>) and <i>NACLN</i><sup>-/-</sup> (<i>right</i>) neurons. Some wild-type neurons became too depolarized in 0.1 mM Ca<sup>2+</sup>-containing bath to have continuous firing, presumably because of inactivation of voltage-gated ion channels. These cells were not included in the analysis in (C). See also Figure S4.</div>
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data-pmc-id="PMC2987630"
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data-figure-id="F8">
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id="article-image-7"
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src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a9d6/2987630/2eac27796deb/nihms-240231-f0008.gif"
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<strong class="figure-label">
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<p> Figure 8. I <sub> LCA </sub> Is G Protein-dependent </p>
|
||
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> (A)… </p></div>
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<strong class="figure-label">
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<p> Figure 8. I <sub> LCA </sub> Is G Protein-dependent </p>
|
||
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> (A) Inclusion of GTPγS in the pipette solution blocked… </p></div>
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<strong class="figure-label">
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Figure 8. I<sub>LCA</sub> Is G Protein-dependent
|
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||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">(A) Inclusion of GTPγS in the pipette solution blocked the low-[Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>2</sub> potentiation of the Na<sup>+</sup>-leak current, as shown in a representative recording (<i>left</i>, more than 6 min after break-in), and summarized at <i>right</i>. (B) In wild-type neurons (<i>left</i>), an inward current developed upon dialysis with pipette solution containing GDPβS (V<sub>h</sub> = -68 mV; gap-free recording with a ramp from -68 mV to -48 mV in 1.4 s, every 10.3 seconds). After the current reached a plateau (defined as current development), reduction of [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>e</sub> no longer activated additional current. GDPβS did not activate current in a <i>NALCN</i><sup>-/-</sup> neuron (<i>right</i>). (C) Statistics of the GDPβS-activated current development, expressed as the size of the plateau current, and additional I<sub>LCA</sub> currents activated by lowering [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>e</sub> to 0.01 mM in the presence of GDPβS, in the wild-type (<i>+/+</i>) and <i>NALCN</i><sup>-/-</sup> mutant. (D) Representative inward current development upon GDPβS dialysis in <i>NALCN</i><sup>-/-</sup> neurons transfected with a wild-type NALCN (Gd<sup>3+</sup> -sensitive; EEKE, <i>left</i>) or with a Gd<sup>3+</sup>-resistant mutant (EEKA, <i>right</i>) NALCN. Note that lowering [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>e</sub> did not activate further current in either cell. The EEKE- transfected neuron was blocked by 10 μM Gd<sup>3+</sup>. The EEKA-transfected neuron was blocked by verapamil (ver, 1 mM, indicated by dashed arrow), but not by Gd<sup>3+</sup> (10 μM, indicated by solid arrow). (E) Summary of the peak currents. (F) Sensitivity to Gd<sup>3+</sup> (10 μM) blockade. See also Figure S5.</div>
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data-image-alt="Figure 9"
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data-pmc-id="PMC2987630"
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<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
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<p> Figure 9. Reconstitution of a [Ca <sup> 2+… </sup> </p>
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<strong class="figure-label">
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<p> Figure 9. Reconstitution of a [Ca <sup> 2+ </sup> ] <sub> e </sub> -sensitive NALCN Current in HEK293T Fibroblasts… </p>
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<strong class="figure-label">
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Figure 9. Reconstitution of a [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>e</sub>-sensitive NALCN Current in HEK293T Fibroblasts with CaSR, NALCN, and UNC80
|
||
</strong>
|
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||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">(A–C) Representative currents obtained with a voltage-ramp protocol (-100 mV to +100 mV in 1 sec, Vh = -20 mV) from non-transfected cells (A) or cells transfected with various combination of NALCN, UNC80, and CaSR, as indicated (B, C) in baths containing 1.2 mM Ca<sup>2+</sup> (1.2 Ca) or 0.1 mM Ca<sup>2+</sup> (0.1 Ca). All baths contained 155 mM Na<sup>+</sup> except that NMDG<sup>+</sup> was used to replace Na<sup>+</sup> and K<sup>+</sup> in the (NMDG, 0.1 Ca) baths. All transfections also included a constitutively active Src (Src529) to increase the percentage of cells expressing detectable current (see Experimental Procedures and (Lu et al., 2009)). (D) Averaged size of the increase of inward current (I<sub>LCA</sub>, at -100 mV) upon lowering [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>e</sub> from 1.2 mM to 0.1 mM (I<sub>LCA</sub>). Cell number for each experiment is shown in parentheses. See also Figure S6.</div>
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ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&keyword="Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural"[pt]"
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Search in PubMed
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</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
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|
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Search in MeSH
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</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
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data-search-term=""Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural"[pt]"
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Add to Search
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
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tabindex="0"
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aria-expanded="false"
|
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data-pinger-ignore>
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-publication-types-1"
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class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
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hidden
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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href="/?term=%22Research+Support%2C+Non-U.S.+Gov%27t%22%5Bpt%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
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data-href="/?term=%22Research+Support%2C+Non-U.S.+Gov%27t%22%5Bpt%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&keyword="Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"[pt]"
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Search in PubMed
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li></ul>
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</div>
|
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|
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|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="mesh-terms" class="mesh-terms keywords-section">
|
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<h2 class="title">
|
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MeSH terms
|
||
</h2>
|
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|
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<ul class="keywords-list"><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Animals"
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Animals
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-0"
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hidden
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Animals"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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Blotting, Western
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Blotting, Western"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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Add to Search
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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Calcium / metabolism
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-2"
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hidden
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Calcium / metabolism"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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Calcium / physiology
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-3"
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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data-pinger-ignore>
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Calcium Channels / drug effects
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-4"
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href="/?term=%22Calcium+Channels%2Fdrug+effects%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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data-href="/?term=%22Calcium+Channels%2Fdrug+effects%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Calcium Channels/drug effects"[MeSH]"
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Search in PubMed
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Search in MeSH
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Add to Search
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major"
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Calcium Signaling / physiology*"
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aria-expanded="false"
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data-pinger-ignore>
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Calcium Signaling / physiology*
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-5"
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class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
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hidden
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Calcium Signaling / physiology*"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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href="/?term=%22Calcium+Signaling%2Fphysiology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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data-href="/?term=%22Calcium+Signaling%2Fphysiology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Calcium Signaling/physiology"[MAJR]"
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Search in MeSH
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Add to Search
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Cell Line"
|
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tabindex="0"
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aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-6"
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aria-expanded="false"
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data-pinger-ignore>
|
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Cell Line
|
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-6"
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class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
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hidden
|
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Cell Line"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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data-search-term=""Cell Line"[MeSH]"
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Add to Search
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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data-pinger-ignore>
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Cloning, Molecular
|
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-7"
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hidden
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Add to Search
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major"
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Extracellular Space / physiology*"
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data-pinger-ignore>
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Extracellular Space / physiology*
|
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-8"
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class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
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hidden
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Search in PubMed
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Search in MeSH
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</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
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data-search-term=""Extracellular Space/physiology"[MAJR]"
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Add to Search
|
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Hippocampus / cytology"
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aria-expanded="false"
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data-pinger-ignore>
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Hippocampus / cytology
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-9"
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Hippocampus / cytology"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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href="/?term=%22Hippocampus%2Fcytology%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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data-href="/?term=%22Hippocampus%2Fcytology%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Hippocampus/cytology"[MeSH]"
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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Hippocampus / metabolism
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-10"
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hidden
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Hippocampus / metabolism"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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href="/?term=%22Hippocampus%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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data-href="/?term=%22Hippocampus%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Hippocampus/metabolism"[MeSH]"
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Humans"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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href="/?term=%22Humans%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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Immunoprecipitation
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Immunoprecipitation"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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href="/?term=%22Immunoprecipitation%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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data-href="/?term=%22Immunoprecipitation%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major"
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Ion Channels / physiology*"
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Ion Channels / physiology*
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-13"
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Ion Channels / physiology*"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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href="/?term=%22Ion+Channels%2Fphysiology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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data-href="/?term=%22Ion+Channels%2Fphysiology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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Search in PubMed
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Search in MeSH
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data-search-term=""Ion Channels/physiology"[MAJR]"
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data-ga-category="search"
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Add to Search
|
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Membrane Proteins"
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tabindex="0"
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aria-expanded="false"
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data-pinger-ignore>
|
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Membrane Proteins
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-14"
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class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
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hidden
|
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Membrane Proteins"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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href="/?term=%22Membrane+Proteins%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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data-href="/?term=%22Membrane+Proteins%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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Search in PubMed
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</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
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Search in MeSH
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Add to Search
|
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Mice"
|
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tabindex="0"
|
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aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-15"
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aria-expanded="false"
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data-pinger-ignore>
|
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Mice
|
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-15"
|
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class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
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hidden
|
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Mice"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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href="/?term=%22Mice%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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data-href="/?term=%22Mice%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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Search in PubMed
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Search in MeSH
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data-search-term=""Mice"[MeSH]"
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Add to Search
|
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Mice, Knockout"
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tabindex="0"
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aria-expanded="false"
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data-pinger-ignore>
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Mice, Knockout
|
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-16"
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class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
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hidden
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Mice, Knockout"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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data-href="/?term=%22Mice%2C+Knockout%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Mice, Knockout"[MeSH]"
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Search in PubMed
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Search in MeSH
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</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
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Add to Search
|
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Molecular Sequence Data"
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tabindex="0"
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aria-expanded="false"
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data-pinger-ignore>
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Molecular Sequence Data
|
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-17"
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class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
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hidden
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Molecular Sequence Data"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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data-href="/?term=%22Molecular+Sequence+Data%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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Search in PubMed
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Search in MeSH
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Add to Search
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major"
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Nerve Tissue Proteins / physiology*"
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tabindex="0"
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aria-expanded="false"
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data-pinger-ignore>
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Nerve Tissue Proteins / physiology*
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-18"
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hidden
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href="/?term=%22Nerve+Tissue+Proteins%2Fphysiology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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data-href="/?term=%22Nerve+Tissue+Proteins%2Fphysiology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Nerve Tissue Proteins/physiology"[MAJR]"
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Search in PubMed
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Search in MeSH
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</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
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Add to Search
|
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Neurons / drug effects"
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tabindex="0"
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data-pinger-ignore>
|
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Neurons / drug effects
|
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-19"
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class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
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hidden
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Neurons / drug effects"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
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href="/?term=%22Neurons%2Fdrug+effects%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
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data-href="/?term=%22Neurons%2Fdrug+effects%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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Search in PubMed
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|
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major"
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Neurons / physiology*
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-20"
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Neurons / physiology*"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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Patch-Clamp Techniques
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Patch-Clamp Techniques"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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Potassium Channels / drug effects
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Potassium Channels / drug effects"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / physiology
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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Sodium / metabolism
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Sodium / metabolism"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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Substance P / pharmacology
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Add to Search
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Transfection"
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tabindex="0"
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aria-expanded="false"
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data-pinger-ignore>
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Transfection
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-26"
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class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
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hidden
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Transfection"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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href="/?term=%22Transfection%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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data-href="/?term=%22Transfection%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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Search in MeSH
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Add to Search
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li></ul>
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</div>
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|
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|
||
<div id="substances" class="substances keywords-section">
|
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<h2 class="title">
|
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Substances
|
||
</h2>
|
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|
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<ul class="keywords-list"><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Calcium Channels"
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tabindex="0"
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Calcium Channels
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-0"
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class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
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hidden
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Calcium Channels"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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href="/?term=%22Calcium+Channels%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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data-href="/?term=%22Calcium+Channels%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&keyword="Calcium Channels"[nm]"
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Search in PubMed
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Search in MeSH
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data-search-term=""Calcium Channels"[nm]"
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data-ga-category="search"
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data-ga-label=""Calcium Channels"[nm]"
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Add to Search
|
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Ion Channels"
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tabindex="0"
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aria-controls="keyword-actions-substances-1"
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aria-expanded="false"
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data-pinger-ignore>
|
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Ion Channels
|
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-1"
|
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class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
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hidden
|
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Ion Channels"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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href="/?term=%22Ion+Channels%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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data-href="/?term=%22Ion+Channels%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&keyword="Ion Channels"[nm]"
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data-ga-action="substance"
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data-ga-label="Ion Channels">
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Search in PubMed
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</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
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Search in MeSH
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</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
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data-search-term=""Ion Channels"[nm]"
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data-ga-category="search"
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data-ga-label=""Ion Channels"[nm]"
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Add to Search
|
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Membrane Proteins"
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data-pinger-ignore>
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Membrane Proteins
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-2"
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class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
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hidden
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Membrane Proteins"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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Search in PubMed
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href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=%22Membrane+Proteins%22"
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Search in MeSH
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|
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data-search-term=""Membrane Proteins"[nm]"
|
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data-ga-category="search"
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data-ga-action="add_to_search"
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data-ga-label=""Membrane Proteins"[nm]"
|
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Add to Search
|
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword NALCN protein, mouse"
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aria-expanded="false"
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NALCN protein, mouse
|
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-3"
|
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class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
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hidden
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword NALCN protein, mouse"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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href="/?term=%22NALCN+protein%2C+mouse%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
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UNC-79 protein, mouse
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Add to Search
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword UNC-80 protein, mouse"
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data-pinger-ignore>
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UNC-80 protein, mouse
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-8"
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hidden
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword UNC-80 protein, mouse"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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data-search-term=""UNC-80 protein, mouse"[nm]"
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data-ga-category="search"
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data-ga-action="add_to_search"
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Add to Search
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Substance P"
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tabindex="0"
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aria-controls="keyword-actions-substances-9"
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aria-expanded="false"
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data-pinger-ignore>
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Substance P
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-9"
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class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
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hidden
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Substance P"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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data-href="/?term=%22Substance+P%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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Sodium
|
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-10"
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class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Sodium"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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data-href="/?term=%22Sodium%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Calcium"
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Calcium
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Calcium"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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data-href="/?term=%22Calcium%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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</div>
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||
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||
|
||
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||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="supplemental-data" class="supplemental-data">
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<h2 class="title">
|
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Associated data
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</h2>
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<h2 class="title">
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Related information
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</h2>
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<ul class="related-links-list"><li><a title="PubMed links associated with Books" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books?linkname=pubmed_books_refs&from_uid=21040849"
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Cited in Books
|
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</a></li><li><a title="Link to related CDD entry" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/cdd?linkname=pubmed_cdd&from_uid=21040849"
|
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|
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|
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|
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Gene
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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