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||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/clipboard/"
|
||
class="search-input-link clipboard-link hidden"
|
||
data-ga-category="featured_link"
|
||
data-ga-action="clipboard">
|
||
Clipboard <span class="amount-in-clipboard"></span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<span class="search-input-link user-guide-link" role="navigation" aria-label="User guide">
|
||
<a href="/help/"
|
||
data-ga-category="featured_link"
|
||
data-ga-action="user_guide">
|
||
User Guide
|
||
</a>
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</form>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="article-page-header">
|
||
<div id="article-top-actions-bar" class="article-top-actions-bar">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<div class="actions-container">
|
||
<div class="return-to-search">
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="multiple-results-actions " role="region" aria-label="save, email, send to">
|
||
<button id="save-results-panel-trigger"
|
||
type="button"
|
||
class="save-results save-results-panel-trigger"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
aria-controls="save-action-panel"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="save"
|
||
data-ga-label="open">
|
||
Save
|
||
</button><button id="email-results-panel-trigger"
|
||
type="button"
|
||
class="email-results email-results-panel-trigger"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
aria-controls="email-action-panel"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="email"
|
||
data-ga-label="open">
|
||
Email
|
||
</button><div class="more-actions dropdown-block"><button id="more-actions-trigger"
|
||
type="button"
|
||
class="trigger more-actions-trigger"
|
||
ref="linksrc=show_moreactions_btn"
|
||
aria-label="Send to"
|
||
aria-controls="more-actions-dropdown">Send to</button><div id="more-actions-dropdown" class="dropdown dropdown-container" hidden><div class="content"><ul class="more-actions-links"><li><a class="clipboard-panel-trigger dropdown-block-link "
|
||
href="#"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="clipboard"
|
||
data-ga-label="send">
|
||
Clipboard
|
||
</a></li><li><a role="button" class="dropdown-block-link bibliography-trigger-target" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F12972605%2F%23open-bibliography-panel">My Bibliography</a></li><li><a role="button" class="dropdown-block-link collections-trigger-target" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F12972605%2F%23open-collections-panel">Collections</a></li><li><a role="button" class="citation-manager-panel-trigger dropdown-block-link citation-manager-trigger-target" href="#">Citation manager</a></li></ul></div></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="display-options" data-format-key="format"
|
||
data-default-format-value="abstract"
|
||
data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region">
|
||
<button
|
||
class="trigger usa-button"
|
||
title="Change format"
|
||
data-ga-category="display_options"
|
||
data-ga-action="display_options_dialog">
|
||
<span class="button-label">Display options</span>
|
||
</button>
|
||
|
||
<div class="dropdown" hidden>
|
||
<div class="title">
|
||
Display options
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
|
||
<div class="format-container">
|
||
<span class="option-label">
|
||
Format
|
||
</span>
|
||
<select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="article-display-format">
|
||
<option value="abstract">Abstract</option>
|
||
|
||
<option value="pubmed">PubMed</option>
|
||
|
||
<option value="pmid">PMID</option>
|
||
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="CCgPhVLLSyWpCo7qpcTxiH1jlsCuaAx7Tp0UULe7s9JTwPdg2vwzMPxXTwkG3b5r">
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="article-panels-container" class="article-panels-container">
|
||
<div id="save-action-panel" class="save-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Save citation to file
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<form id="save-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
action="/results-export-ids/"
|
||
data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/"
|
||
data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/"
|
||
method="post"
|
||
data-by-search-method="post"
|
||
data-by-ids-method="post">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="CCgPhVLLSyWpCo7qpcTxiH1jlsCuaAx7Tp0UULe7s9JTwPdg2vwzMPxXTwkG3b5r">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="save-action-format" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Format:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="save-action-format" name="results-format" class="action-panel-selector">
|
||
<option value="summary-text">Summary (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="pubmed-text">PubMed</option>
|
||
<option value="pmid">PMID</option>
|
||
<option value="abstract">Abstract (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="csv">CSV</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Saving..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="save"
|
||
data-ga-label="save">
|
||
Create file
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Save citations to file' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_save_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="save-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="save"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="email-action-panel"
|
||
class="email-action-panel action-panel"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"
|
||
data-recaptcha-script-url="https://www.recaptcha.net/recaptcha/enterprise.js?render=explicit&onload=onloadCaptchaCallback"
|
||
data-recaptcha-enabled="true">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Email citation
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<form id="email-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
action="/send-email/"
|
||
data-by-search-action="/results-export-email-by-search-data/"
|
||
data-by-ids-action="/send-email/"
|
||
data-by-search-method="post"
|
||
data-by-ids-method="post"
|
||
method="post"
|
||
>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="CCgPhVLLSyWpCo7qpcTxiH1jlsCuaAx7Tp0UULe7s9JTwPdg2vwzMPxXTwkG3b5r">
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<span class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Subject:
|
||
</span>
|
||
<span class="email-subject" id="email-subject" aria-label="Email subject">1 selected item: 12972605 - PubMed</span>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="email-subject" value="1 selected item: 12972605"/>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="email-subject-hash" value="1326e60814a2051d78f94b8a63ac2ba0b106c8755a04efe2959c68585747d865"/>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="email-to" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
To:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input type="email" aria-label="Recipient Email Address" placeholder="email@example.com" id="email-to" class="email-to" pattern="^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$" maxlength="100" required>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="email-from" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
From:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input type="email" aria-label="Sender Email Address" placeholder="email@example.com" id="email-from" class="email-from" pattern="^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$" maxlength="256">
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="email-citation-format" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Format:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="email-citation-format" name="citation-format" class="action-panel-selector email-citation-format">
|
||
<option selected="selected" value="summary">Summary</option>
|
||
<option value="summary-text">Summary (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="abstract">Abstract</option>
|
||
<option value="abstract-text">Abstract (text)</option>
|
||
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="include-supplemental-container">
|
||
<input type="checkbox" aria-label="Include MeSH and other data" name="include-supplemental" id="email-include-supplemental" class="email-include-supplemental">
|
||
<label for="email-include-supplemental" class="email-include-supplemental-label">MeSH and other data</label>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="form-field recaptcha ">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="g-recaptcha" id="id-recaptcha" data-sitekey="6LfsWHMdAAAAAClKbtOpjQ2pMjgsGxvv7NdZW9uI"></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="captcha-error-message" class="usa-input-error-message captcha-validation-message" role="alert"></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Sending..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="email"
|
||
data-ga-label="send">
|
||
Send email
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Email citations' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_email_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="email-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="email"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="email-search-details" value="" />
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="email-search-details-hash" value="0e42663a6c3bd85498fcb88798998fed7bfdc45d457db35281e41afe13cc0524" />
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="collections-action-panel"
|
||
class="collections-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"
|
||
data-collections-open-panel-enabled="false"
|
||
data-collections-open-panel-url-hash="#open-collections-panel">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h3 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Add to Collections
|
||
</h3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<form id="collections-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
|
||
data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/"
|
||
data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/"
|
||
data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/"
|
||
data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/"
|
||
data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100"
|
||
data-add-to-collection-max-amount="1000"
|
||
data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="CCgPhVLLSyWpCo7qpcTxiH1jlsCuaAx7Tp0UULe7s9JTwPdg2vwzMPxXTwkG3b5r">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup">
|
||
<ul class="radio-group-items">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input type="radio"
|
||
id="collections-action-panel-new"
|
||
class="collections-new"
|
||
name="collections"
|
||
value="new"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="collections"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_radio_new">
|
||
<label for="collections-action-panel-new">Create a new collection</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input type="radio"
|
||
id="collections-action-panel-existing"
|
||
class="collections-existing"
|
||
name="collections"
|
||
value="existing"
|
||
checked="true"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="collections"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing">
|
||
<label for="collections-action-panel-existing">Add to an existing collection</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="controls-wrapper">
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls">
|
||
<label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Name your collection:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input
|
||
type="text"
|
||
name="add-to-new-collection"
|
||
id="collections-action-panel-add-to-new"
|
||
class="collections-action-add-to-new"
|
||
pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"
|
||
maxlength="100"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="create_collection"
|
||
data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection">
|
||
<div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Name must be less than 100 characters
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls">
|
||
<label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Choose a collection:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing"
|
||
class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="select_collection"
|
||
data-ga-label="($('#collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'">
|
||
</select>
|
||
<div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Unable to load your collection due to an error<br>
|
||
<a href="#">Please try again</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Adding..."
|
||
data-pinger-ignore
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="collections"
|
||
data-ga-label="add">
|
||
Add
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="collections-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="collections"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="bibliography-action-panel"
|
||
class="bibliography-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"
|
||
data-bibliography-open-panel-enabled="false"
|
||
data-bibliography-open-panel-url-hash="#open-bibliography-panel">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h3 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Add to My Bibliography
|
||
</h3>
|
||
<form id="bibliography-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="bibliography-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
|
||
data-add-to-bibliography-max-amount="100"
|
||
data-add-to-bibliography-batch-size="10"
|
||
data-bibliography-delegates-url="/list-bibliography-delegates/"
|
||
data-add-to-bibliography-url="/add-to-bibliography/"
|
||
data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/"
|
||
data-mybib-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/mybibliography/">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="CCgPhVLLSyWpCo7qpcTxiH1jlsCuaAx7Tp0UULe7s9JTwPdg2vwzMPxXTwkG3b5r">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap bibliographies-controls">
|
||
<div class="choice-group">
|
||
<ul class="bibliographies-action-add radio-group-items">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input name="bibliography" id="my-bibliography" class="my-bibliography" type="radio" checked/>
|
||
<label for="my-bibliography">My Bibliography</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="bibliographies-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Unable to load your delegates due to an error<br>
|
||
<a href="#">Please try again</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Adding..."
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Add
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Add to bibliography' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_bibliography_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="bibliography-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="mybib"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="saved-search-action-panel" class="saved-search-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true"
|
||
data-saved-search-open-panel-enabled="false"
|
||
data-saved-search-open-panel-url-hash="#open-saved-search-panel">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Your saved search
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
<form id="saved-search-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="saved-search-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
data-create-saved-search-url="/create-saved-search/"
|
||
data-try-search-terms-url="/try-search-term/"
|
||
data-saved-search-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/searches/">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="CCgPhVLLSyWpCo7qpcTxiH1jlsCuaAx7Tp0UULe7s9JTwPdg2vwzMPxXTwkG3b5r">
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-name" class="action-panel-label saved-search-name-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Name of saved search:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input maxlength="200"
|
||
type="text"
|
||
name="saved-search-name"
|
||
id="saved-search-name"
|
||
class="saved-search-name"
|
||
value=""
|
||
required
|
||
pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/">
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-term" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Search terms:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<textarea name="saved-search-term" id="saved-search-term" class="saved-search-term" required></textarea>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="test-search-term-wrap">
|
||
<a href="#" class="try-search-term">Test search terms</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="choice-group action-panel-extra-margin-top">
|
||
<span class="action-panel-label" id="fieldset-label">
|
||
Would you like email updates of new search results?
|
||
</span>
|
||
<fieldset id="saved-search-alert" aria-describedby="fieldset-label">
|
||
<legend class="usa-sr-only">Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons</legend>
|
||
<ul class="radio-group-items">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-yes" class="saved-search-alert-yes" name="saved-search-alert" value="yes" checked>
|
||
<label for="saved-search-alert-yes" class="action-panel-label">Yes</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input aria-label="No radio input" type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-no" class="saved-search-alert-no" name="saved-search-alert" value="no">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-alert-no" class="action-panel-label">No</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</fieldset>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="alert-schedule-wrap">
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Email:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<span aria-label="Email address" id="saved-search-email" class="action-panel-label"><span class="action-panel-label-bold"></span> (<a class="myncbi-account-settings" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/">change</a>)</span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-frequency" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Frequency:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-frequency" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-frequency">
|
||
<option value="monthly">Monthly</option>
|
||
<option value="weekly">Weekly</option>
|
||
<option value="daily">Daily</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-monthly-additional">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Which day?
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector">
|
||
<option value="Sunday">The first Sunday</option>
|
||
<option value="Monday">The first Monday</option>
|
||
<option value="Tuesday">The first Tuesday</option>
|
||
<option value="Wednesday">The first Wednesday</option>
|
||
<option value="Thursday">The first Thursday</option>
|
||
<option value="Friday">The first Friday</option>
|
||
<option value="Saturday">The first Saturday</option>
|
||
<option value="day">The first day</option>
|
||
<option value="weekday">The first weekday</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-weekly-additional">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Which day?
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-weekly-on-day">
|
||
<option value="Sunday">Sunday</option>
|
||
<option value="Monday">Monday</option>
|
||
<option value="Tuesday">Tuesday</option>
|
||
<option value="Wednesday">Wednesday</option>
|
||
<option value="Thursday">Thursday</option>
|
||
<option value="Friday">Friday</option>
|
||
<option value="Saturday">Saturday</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-report" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Report format:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-report" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-report">
|
||
<option value="DocSum">Summary</option>
|
||
<option value="DocSumText">Summary (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="Abstract">Abstract</option>
|
||
<option value="AbstractText">Abstract (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="MEDLINE">PubMed</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-amount" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Send at most:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-amount" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-amount">
|
||
<option value="1">1 item</option>
|
||
<option value="5" selected>5 items</option>
|
||
<option value="10">10 items</option>
|
||
<option value="20">20 items</option>
|
||
<option value="50">50 items</option>
|
||
<option value="100">100 items</option>
|
||
<option value="200">200 items</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div>
|
||
<input type="checkbox" id="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="saved-search-send-if-no-result" name="saved-search-send-if-no-result">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="action-panel-label smaller-checkbox">
|
||
Send even when there aren't any new results
|
||
</label>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap option-text-in-email-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-email-text" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Optional text in email:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<textarea name="saved-search-email-text"
|
||
id="saved-search-email-text"
|
||
class="saved-search-email-text"></textarea>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Saving..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="alert"
|
||
data-ga-label="save">
|
||
Save
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Your saved search' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_saved_search_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="saved-search-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="alert"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="citation-manager-action-panel" class="citation-manager-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Create a file for external citation management software
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<form id="citation-manager-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
action="/results-export-ids/"
|
||
data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/"
|
||
data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/"
|
||
method="post"
|
||
data-by-search-method="post"
|
||
data-by-ids-method="post">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="CCgPhVLLSyWpCo7qpcTxiH1jlsCuaAx7Tp0UULe7s9JTwPdg2vwzMPxXTwkG3b5r">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input name="results-format" type="hidden" value="pubmed"/>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Sending..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="citation_manager"
|
||
data-ga-label="save">
|
||
Create file
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Send citations to citation manager' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_citation_manager_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="citation-manager-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="citation_manager"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="rss-action-panel" class="rss-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Your RSS Feed
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
<form id="rss-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="rss-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
data-create-rss-feed-url="/create-rss-feed-url/"
|
||
data-search-form-term-value="">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="CCgPhVLLSyWpCo7qpcTxiH1jlsCuaAx7Tp0UULe7s9JTwPdg2vwzMPxXTwkG3b5r">
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="rss-name" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Name of RSS Feed:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input maxlength="200"
|
||
placeholder="Name"
|
||
type="text"
|
||
name="rss-name"
|
||
id="rss-name"
|
||
class="rss-name"
|
||
value=''
|
||
required
|
||
pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/">
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="rss-limit-wrap">
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top">
|
||
<label for="rss-limit" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Number of items displayed:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="rss-limit" class="no-border-panel-selector rss-limit">
|
||
<option value="5">5</option>
|
||
<option value="10">10</option>
|
||
<option value="15" selected="selected">15</option>
|
||
<option value="20">20</option>
|
||
<option value="50">50</option>
|
||
<option value="100">100</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Creating..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="alert"
|
||
data-ga-label="save">
|
||
Create RSS
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Your RSS' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_rss_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="rss-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="alert"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap rss-link-copy-wrap">
|
||
<label for="rss-link" class="usa-sr-only">RSS Link</label>
|
||
<input placeholder="Your RSS Feed Link" type="text" name="rss-link" id="rss-link" class="rss-link" title="RSS Link">
|
||
<button
|
||
type="button"
|
||
disabled
|
||
class="rss-link-copy-button disabled"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="rss"
|
||
data-ga-label="copy">
|
||
Copy
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="article-page" id="article-page" data-article-pmid="12972605">
|
||
<aside class="page-sidebar">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
|
||
<div class="full-text-links">
|
||
<div class="full-view">
|
||
<h3 class="title">
|
||
Full text links
|
||
</h3>
|
||
<div class="full-text-links-list">
|
||
<a class="link-item
|
||
|
||
dialog-focus"
|
||
href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1128/MCB.23.19.6857-6875.2003?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub 0pubmed"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="noopener"
|
||
|
||
ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&is_pmc=False&PrId=4487&itool=Abstract-def&log$=linkouticon&uid=12972605&db=pubmed&nlmid=8109087"
|
||
title="See full text options at Atypon"
|
||
|
||
data-ga-category="full_text"
|
||
data-ga-action="Atypon"
|
||
data-ga-label="12972605"
|
||
><img src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/query/egifs/https:--www.tandfonline.com-pb-assets-tandf-logos-tf_pubmed_fulltext_icon.png" alt="Atypon full text link"><span class="text">
|
||
|
||
Atypon
|
||
|
||
</span></a><a class="link-item
|
||
pmc
|
||
"
|
||
href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/12972605/"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="noopener"
|
||
|
||
ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&is_pmc=True&PrId=3494&itool=Abstract-def&log$=linkouticon&uid=12972605&db=pubmed&nlmid=8109087"
|
||
title="Free full text at PubMed Central"
|
||
|
||
data-ga-category="full_text"
|
||
data-ga-action="PMC"
|
||
data-ga-label="12972605"
|
||
><span class="text">
|
||
|
||
Free PMC article
|
||
|
||
</span></a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="short-view">
|
||
<a href="#" class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger">
|
||
Full text links
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="actions-buttons sidebar"><h3 class="title">Actions</h3><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger"
|
||
aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="cite"
|
||
data-ga-label="open"
|
||
data-all-citations-url="/12972605/citations/"
|
||
data-citation-style="nlm"
|
||
data-pubmed-format-link="/12972605/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><link type="text/css" href="ncbi-overlay-block/src/overlay-block.css"><div class="collections-button-container" data-article-id="12972605" data-article-db="pubmed"><button class="collections-button collections-dialog-trigger"
|
||
aria-label="Save article in MyNCBI collections."
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_button"
|
||
data-collections-open-dialog-enabled="false"
|
||
data-collections-open-dialog-url="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F12972605%2F%23open-collections-dialog"
|
||
data-in-collections="false"><span class="button-label">Collections</span></button><div class="overlay" role="dialog"><div id="collections-action-dialog"
|
||
class="dialog collections-dialog"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"><div class="title">Add to Collections</div><div class="collections-action-panel action-panel"><form id="collections-action-dialog-form"
|
||
class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
|
||
data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/"
|
||
data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/"
|
||
data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/"
|
||
data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100"
|
||
data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/"><input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="CCgPhVLLSyWpCo7qpcTxiH1jlsCuaAx7Tp0UULe7s9JTwPdg2vwzMPxXTwkG3b5r"><div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup"><ul class="radio-group-items"><li><input type="radio"
|
||
id="collections-action-dialog-new"
|
||
class="collections-new"
|
||
name="collections"
|
||
value="new"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_radio_new"><label for="collections-action-dialog-new">Create a new collection</label></li><li><input type="radio"
|
||
id="collections-action-dialog-existing"
|
||
class="collections-existing"
|
||
name="collections"
|
||
value="existing"
|
||
checked="true"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing"><label for="collections-action-dialog-existing">Add to an existing collection</label></li></ul></div><div class="controls-wrapper"><div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Name your collection:
|
||
</label><input
|
||
type="text"
|
||
name="add-to-new-collection"
|
||
id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new"
|
||
class="collections-action-add-to-new"
|
||
pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"
|
||
maxlength="100"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="create_collection"
|
||
data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"><div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Name must be less than 100 characters
|
||
</div></div><div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Choose a collection:
|
||
</label><select id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing"
|
||
class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="select_collection"
|
||
data-ga-label="($('.collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"></select><div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Unable to load your collection due to an error<br><a href="#">Please try again</a></div></div></div><div class="action-panel-actions"><button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Adding..."
|
||
data-pinger-ignore
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="add">
|
||
Add
|
||
</button><button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="collections-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button></div></form></div></div></div></div><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger"
|
||
title="Open dialog with more actions to take"
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div><span class="period">. </span><span class="cit">2003 Oct;23(19):6857-75.</span>
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Puralpha is essential for postnatal brain development and developmentally coupled cellular proliferation as revealed by genetic inactivation in the mouse
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Puralpha is essential for postnatal brain development and developmentally coupled cellular proliferation as revealed by genetic inactivation in the mouse
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The single-stranded DNA- and RNA-binding protein, Puralpha, has been implicated in many biological processes, including control of transcription of multiple genes, initiation of DNA replication, and RNA transport and translation. Deletions of the PURA gene are frequent in acute myeloid leukemia. Mice with targeted disruption of the PURA gene in both alleles appear normal at birth, but at 2 weeks of age, they develop neurological problems manifest by severe tremor and spontaneous seizures and they die by 4 weeks. There are severely lower numbers of neurons in regions of the hippocampus and cerebellum of PURA(-/-) mice versus those of age-matched +/+ littermates, and lamination of these regions is aberrant at time of death. Immunohistochemical analysis of MCM7, a protein marker for DNA replication, reveals a lack of proliferation of precursor cells in these regions in the PURA(-/-) mice. Levels of proliferation were also absent or low in several other tissues of the PURA(-/-) mice, including those of myeloid lineage, whereas those of PURA(+/-) mice were intermediate. Evaluation of brain sections indicates a reduction in myelin and glial fibrillary acidic protein labeling in oligodendrocytes and astrocytes, respectively, indicating pathological development of these cells. At postnatal day 5, a critical time for cerebellar development, Puralpha and Cdk5 were both at peak levels in bodies and dendrites of Purkinje cells of PURA(+/+) mice, but both were absent in dendrites of PURA(-/-) mice. Puralpha and Cdk5 can be coimmunoprecipitated from brain lysates of PURA(+/+) mice. Immunohistochemical studies reveal a dramatic reduction in the level of both phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated neurofilaments in dendrites of the Purkinje cell layer and of synapse formation in the hippocampus. Overall results are consistent with a role for Puralpha in developmentally timed DNA replication in specific cell types and also point to a newly emerging role in compartmentalized RNA transport and translation in neuronal dendrites.
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src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/18df/193944/0952cbf1ba24/mb1931056001.gif"
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alt="FIG. 1." />
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<strong class="figure-label">
|
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<p> FIG. 1. </p>
|
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</strong>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Creation of mice with targeted… </p></div>
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<strong class="figure-label">
|
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<p> FIG. 1. </p>
|
||
</strong>
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|
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|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Creation of mice with targeted gene disruption of <i> PURA </i> , genotypic analysis, and… </p></div>
|
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</div>
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<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
FIG. 1.
|
||
</strong>
|
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|
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|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Creation of mice with targeted gene disruption of <i>PURA</i>, genotypic analysis, and absence of Purα protein in <i>PURA<sup>−/−</sup></i> mice. (A) Strategy for inactivation of the <i>PURA</i> gene in ES cells. Sequences of the mouse <i>PURA</i> gene in ES cells were replaced with those encoding the eukaryotic selectable marker neomycin as described in Materials and Methods. The resulting alleles were 7.5 kb in size for the <i>PURA<sup>+/+</sup></i> mice and 5.5 kb for mice with the gene deletion. (B) Genomic DNA blotting demonstrates the genotype of mice which are homozygous (<i>PURA<sup>−/−</sup></i>), heterozygous (<i>PURA<sup>+/−</sup></i>), or wild-type (<i>PURA<sup>+/+</sup></i>) for the <i>PURA</i> gene. (C) Immunoblot analysis of whole-cell mouse brain extract reveals a complete absence of the band representing Purα protein in the <i>PURA<sup>−/−</sup></i> animal and reduced levels of Purα protein in <i>PURA<sup>+/−</sup></i> animals in comparison to its level in wild-type, <i>PURA<sup>+/+</sup></i>, littermates. Equal amounts of protein were loaded in each lane. (D) Homozygous <i>PURA<sup>−/−</sup></i> mouse pictured next to a wild-type <i>PURA<sup>+/+</sup></i> littermate at 18 days of age. (E) Comparison of the total body weight of <i>PURA</i> mice between days 9 and 21 after birth. The growth of the <i>PURA<sup>−/−</sup></i> mice is severely retarded while the <i>PURA<sup>+/−</sup></i> mice show an intermediate phenotype. (F) Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on cortical brain sections from paraffin-embedded formalin-fixed tissue of day p19 <i>PURA<sup>+/+</sup></i> and <i>PURA<sup>−/−</sup></i> mice with anti-Purα antibody. The +/+ mouse brains display abundant cytoplasmic immunoreactivity, particularly in the external granular layer (EGL). (G) Similar sections of brain tissue from <i>PURA<sup>−/−</sup></i> mice exhibit no evidence of labeling; however, the cortical layers appear less cellular, the molecular layer (ML) appears broader, and the external granular layer is disorganized compared to those of the <i>PURA<sup>+/+</sup></i> mouse. EPL, external pyramidal layer; IGL, internal granular layer; IPL, internal pyramidal layer; PL, polymorphic layer. (H) The majority of hippocampal neurons in the horn of Ammon show cytoplasmic labeling for Purα in <i>PURA<sup>+/+</sup></i> mice. (I) A similar section within the hippocampus of <i>PURA<sup>−/−</sup></i> mice shows an absence of immunoreactivity when labeled for Purα. (J) Cytoplasmic expression of Purα is seen in some cerebellar granular cells and all Purkinje cells (P) in <i>PURA<sup>+/+</sup></i> mice. (K) <i>PURA<sup>−/−</sup></i> mice show an absence of labeling for Purα in the cerebellum. The granular and Purkinje cell layers are less populated than those of the <i>PURA<sup>+/+</sup></i> littermate. Panels F through K have a hematoxylin counterstain. Bars, 100 μm (F and G), 10 μm (H and I), and 20 μm (J and K). WT, wild type; KO, knockout.</div>
|
||
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</figcaption>
|
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|
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<a class="figure-link"
|
||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/18df/193944/95c17922d6e5/mb1931056002.jpg"
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|
||
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|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-image-width="404"
|
||
data-image-height="616"
|
||
data-image-alt="FIG. 2."
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC193944"
|
||
data-figure-id="f2">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-1"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/18df/193944/1d1caa514030/mb1931056002.gif"
|
||
alt="FIG. 2." />
|
||
</a>
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<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="404">
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<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="616">
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|
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<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> FIG. 2. </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Decrease in number of cells… </p></div>
|
||
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|
||
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|
||
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<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
|
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|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> FIG. 2. </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Decrease in number of cells undergoing DNA replication in a variety of tissues… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
||
</div>
|
||
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<figcaption id="figure-caption-1" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
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<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
FIG. 2.
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Decrease in number of cells undergoing DNA replication in a variety of tissues from <i>PURA<sup>−/−</sup></i> mice. Paraffin-embedded tissues from littermate <i>PURA<sup>+/+</sup></i> and <i>PURA<sup>−/−</sup></i> mice, taken at day 19 after birth, were sectioned, treated with anti-MCM7 antibody, and visualized as described in Materials and Methods. MCM7 is visualized as red-brown. The control colon section at the bottom confirms that cells undergoing DNA replication, at the bases of crypts, possess nuclei positively labeling for MCM7 while cells not replicating DNA, at the tops of crypts, do not. Bars, 50 μm. A hematoxylin counterstain was used in all panels. wt, wild type.</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
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||
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||
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|
||
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|
||
<a class="figure-link"
|
||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/18df/193944/1df28ca2eb1a/mb1931056003.jpg"
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|
||
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|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-image-width="424"
|
||
data-image-height="786"
|
||
data-image-alt="FIG. 3."
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC193944"
|
||
data-figure-id="f3">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-2"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/18df/193944/a095768ce325/mb1931056003.gif"
|
||
alt="FIG. 3." />
|
||
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|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> FIG. 3. </p>
|
||
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Absence of cells undergoing DNA… </p></div>
|
||
|
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|
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|
||
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|
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|
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<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> FIG. 3. </p>
|
||
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Absence of cells undergoing DNA replication in the cerebellum and hippocampus of <i> PURA… </i> </p></div>
|
||
|
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|
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|
||
|
||
</div>
|
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||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-2" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
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<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
FIG. 3.
|
||
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Absence of cells undergoing DNA replication in the cerebellum and hippocampus of <i>PURA<sup>−/−</sup></i> mice from 5 to 10 days after birth. Paraffin-embedded sections of brains from littermate <i>PURA<sup>+/+</sup></i> and <i>PURA<sup>−/−</sup></i> mice, taken at day p10, were treated with antibody to MCM7, a marker for DNA replication, and visualized as described in Materials and Methods. (A) Sections from the most dorsal lobe of the cerebellum (top) and the horn of Ammon of the hippocampus (bottom). Bar, 50 μm. (B) Brains were obtained from littermate mice at 5, 10, and 19 days after birth. Microscopic fields from four sections from each time point labeled as described above, at ×200 magnification, were subjected to counting of total cell number and number of cells with nuclei labeling positive for MCM7. Presented are the averages and standard deviations (vertical bars) of the percentages of cells positively labeled for MCM7 in the cerebellum (C) and hippocampus (H) for each time point for either wild-type mice (+/+) or mice with genetically inactivated <i>PURA</i> (−/−).</div>
|
||
|
||
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|
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|
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|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC193944"
|
||
data-figure-id="f4">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
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|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/18df/193944/3ab90ab98988/mb1931056004.gif"
|
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alt="FIG. 4." />
|
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|
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<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> FIG. 4. </p>
|
||
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Immunohistologic analysis of oligodendrocytes and… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
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|
||
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|
||
|
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<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
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|
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<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> FIG. 4. </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Immunohistologic analysis of oligodendrocytes and astrocytes demonstrates a decrease in intensity of myelin… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
||
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|
||
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<figcaption id="figure-caption-3" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
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<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
FIG. 4.
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Immunohistologic analysis of oligodendrocytes and astrocytes demonstrates a decrease in intensity of myelin and MBP immunolabeling as well as a reduction in GFAP expression in white matter tracts in the absence of Purα. Paraffin-embedded sections of brain cerebral cortex from day p19 <i>PURA<sup>+/+</sup></i> and <i>PURA<sup>−/−</sup></i> mice were stained for myelin and immunolabeled for the oligodendrocyte-specific cellular marker MBP. Myelin staining patterns in the cerebral cortex and subcortical white matter of mice lacking Purα appeared less intense when compared with those of <i>PURA<sup>+/+</sup></i> littermates (A and B), and immunohistochemistry to detect MBP revealed similar patterns in the cortex and subcortical white matter tracts (C and D). Similar evaluation for the astrocytic marker GFAP revealed less-intense labeling of cellular processes of <i>PURA<sup>−/−</sup></i> mice in the cortex (G and H), white matter adjacent to the hippocampus (I and J), and white matter adjacent to the granular layer of the cerebellum (K and L). Bars, 100 μm (A to F, K, and L) and 10 μm (G to J).</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
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||
|
||
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
data-image-alt="FIG. 5."
|
||
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|
||
data-figure-id="f5">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
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|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/18df/193944/2f932fabcb93/mb1931056005.gif"
|
||
alt="FIG. 5." />
|
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|
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|
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||
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|
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<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> FIG. 5. </p>
|
||
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|
||
|
||
|
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|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Reduction in number of neurons… </p></div>
|
||
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|
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|
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<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> FIG. 5. </p>
|
||
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Reduction in number of neurons and in neurofilament-labeled neurons in the cortex of… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
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|
||
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|
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<figcaption id="figure-caption-4" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
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|
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|
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FIG. 5.
|
||
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Reduction in number of neurons and in neurofilament-labeled neurons in the cortex of <i>PURA<sup>−/−</sup></i> mice. Paraffin-embedded sections of cerebral cortex from day p19 <i>PURA<sup>+/+</sup></i> and <i>PURA<sup>−/−</sup></i> littermates were immunolabeled with an antibody which recognizes total neurofilaments (SMI33) or a cocktail of antibodies specific for phosphorylated neurofilaments (SMI312). Intense immunopositivity of total (A and F) and phosphorylated (B and G) neurofilaments was observed in the <i>PURA<sup>+/+</sup></i> mice while reduced labeling of total (D and I) and phosphorylated (E and J) neurofilaments was seen in the <i>PURA<sup>−/−</sup></i> mice. Panel C depicts the location of the six cortical layers, including the molecular layer (ML), external granular layer (EGL), external pyramidal layer (EPL), internal granular layer (IGL), internal pyramidal layer (IPL), and polymorphic layer (PL). As summarized in panel H, 20 microscopic fields from sections of two different mice labeled as described above, at ×200 magnification, were subjected to counting of total cell number and number of cells with positive cytoplasmic expression of phosphorylated neurofilaments using antibody SMI312. Presented are the average total number of neurons counted (red) and the fraction of those cells positively labeled for phosphorylated neurofilaments (blue). These cell counts expressed as percentages of neuronal loss and a calculated neurofilament labeling index are presented in Table 1. All panels contain a hematoxylin counterstain. Bars, 50 μm (A and E), 100 μm (B and D), and 20 μm (F, G, I, and J).</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="figure-item "
|
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|
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|
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|
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<a class="figure-link"
|
||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/18df/193944/aed54c0f8c8b/mb1931056006.jpg"
|
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|
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|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-image-width="651"
|
||
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|
||
data-image-alt="FIG. 6."
|
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data-pmc-id="PMC193944"
|
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data-figure-id="f6">
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<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
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id="article-image-5"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/18df/193944/2fdca5d9cc1e/mb1931056006.gif"
|
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alt="FIG. 6." />
|
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|
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|
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|
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<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> FIG. 6. </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Reduction in number of neurons… </p></div>
|
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|
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|
||
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> FIG. 6. </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Reduction in number of neurons and neurofilament-labeled neurons in the cerebellum of <i> PURA… </i> </p></div>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
</div>
|
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<figcaption id="figure-caption-5" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
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|
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<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
FIG. 6.
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
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|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Reduction in number of neurons and neurofilament-labeled neurons in the cerebellum of <i>PURA<sup>−/−</sup></i> mice. Wild-type mice display abundant immunolabeling of phosphorylated neurofilaments within the molecular, Purkinje, and granular layers (A and D), whereas in <i>PURA<sup>−/−</sup></i> mice, this expression is severely reduced in all layers of the cerebellum (C and F). Panel B depicts the location of the molecular layer (ML), internal granular layer (IGL), and Purkinje cell layers of the cerebellum. As summarized in panel E, the total number of Purkinje cells and the number of Purkinje cells with positive labeling for phosphorylated neurofilaments were determined throughout a section containing all five foliae of thecerebellums (represented across approximately 50 microscopic fields) of two different mice labeled with antibody SMI312, at ×200 magnification. Presented are the average total number of neurons counted (red) and the fraction of those cells positively labeled for phosphorylated neurofilaments (blue). These cell counts expressed as percentages of neuronal loss and a calculated neurofilament labeling index are presented in Table 1. Immunolabeling with antibody recognizing total neurofilaments shows that Purkinje cell neurons are devoid of expression in the <i>PURA<sup>−/−</sup></i> mice, whereas the Purkinje layer is intensely labeled in the <i>PURA<sup>+/+</sup></i> mice (G and J). The integrity of the Purkinje cells in the <i>PURA<sup>−/−</sup></i> mice was examined by immunolabeling for the Purkinje cell marker calbindin or the neuronal cell marker class III β-tubulin. <i>PURA<sup>−/−</sup></i> brain sections labeled with anticalbindin antibody demonstrate Purkinje cells with smaller and irregularly shaped cell bodies in reduced numbers compared with their <i>PURA<sup>+/+</sup></i> littermates (compare panels H and K). Immunohistochemistry for class III β-tubulin reveals robust cytoplasmic positivity of all Purkinje cells in sections of the <i>PURA<sup>+/+</sup></i> mouse brain while few Purkinje cells in the <i>PURA<sup>−/−</sup></i> mice are positively labeled (I and L). All panels contain a hematoxylin counterstain. Bars, 100 μm (A, C, G, and H to L) and 10 μm (D and F).</div>
|
||
|
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|
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|
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</figcaption>
|
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|
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</figure>
|
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<figure class="figure-item tail"
|
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itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
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itemprop="associatedMedia"
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|
||
data-label-slug="fig-7">
|
||
<a class="figure-link"
|
||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/18df/193944/75e6e64b0ea2/mb1931056007.jpg"
|
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itemprop="contentUrl"
|
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aria-describedby="figure-caption-6"
|
||
role="button"
|
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data-image-width="696"
|
||
data-image-height="425"
|
||
data-image-alt="FIG. 7."
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC193944"
|
||
data-figure-id="f7">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-6"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/18df/193944/ed50cfecabd7/mb1931056007.gif"
|
||
alt="FIG. 7." />
|
||
</a>
|
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|
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<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="696">
|
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<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="425">
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<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
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<div class="caption-wrap">
|
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|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> FIG. 7. </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Reduction in numbers of neurons… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
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|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
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|
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<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> FIG. 7. </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Reduction in numbers of neurons and neurofilament-labeled neurons in the hippocampus of <i> PURA… </i> </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-6" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
|
||
|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
FIG. 7.
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Reduction in numbers of neurons and neurofilament-labeled neurons in the hippocampus of <i>PURA<sup>−/−</sup></i> mice. Immunohistochemistry of sagittal sections with an antibody which recognizes phosphorylated forms of neurofilaments reveals intense cytoplasmic labeling in the majority of neurons within the horn of Ammon in <i>PURA<sup>+/+</sup></i> mice (A and D). Parallel immunolabeling of sections of <i>PURA<sup>−/−</sup></i> mice revealed a reduction in the total number of neurons as well as a dramatic decrease in the number of neurons which are positive for neurofilaments (C and F). Panel B depicts the location of hippocampal landmarks, including the subiculum (S), hippocampal sulcus (HS), and the CA1, CA2, and CA3 regions. As summarized in panel E, the total number of hippocampal neurons and the number of hippocampal neurons showing cytoplasmic immunoreactivity with the phospho-specific neurofilament antibody SMI312 were counted throughout a section of the entire hippocampus (approximately 50 microscopic fields) from sections of two different mice labeled as above, at ×200 magnification. Presented are the average total number of neurons counted (red) and the fraction of those cells positively labeled for phospho-neurofilaments (blue). These cell counts expressed as percentages of neuronal loss and a calculated neurofilament labeling index are presented in Table 1. Bars, 100 μm (A and C) and 10 μm (D and F).</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="figure-item tail"
|
||
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
|
||
itemprop="associatedMedia"
|
||
data-slide-index="7"
|
||
data-label-slug="fig-8">
|
||
<a class="figure-link"
|
||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/18df/193944/855375a5d78b/mb1931056008.jpg"
|
||
itemprop="contentUrl"
|
||
aria-describedby="figure-caption-7"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-image-width="458"
|
||
data-image-height="281"
|
||
data-image-alt="FIG. 8."
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC193944"
|
||
data-figure-id="f8">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-7"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/18df/193944/6832253998c5/mb1931056008.gif"
|
||
alt="FIG. 8." />
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="458">
|
||
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="281">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
<div class="caption-wrap">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> FIG. 8. </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Purα and Cdk5 coimmunoprecipitation and… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> FIG. 8. </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Purα and Cdk5 coimmunoprecipitation and immunoblot analysis for levels of Purα and Cdk5… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-7" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
FIG. 8.
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Purα and Cdk5 coimmunoprecipitation and immunoblot analysis for levels of Purα and Cdk5 proteins during development in <i>PURA<sup>+/+</sup></i>, <i>PURA<sup>+/−</sup></i>, and <i>PURA<sup>−/−</sup></i> mice. Immunoblotting of whole-cell extracts from mouse brain at 2, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, and 26 days (d) postnatal shows a gradual increase in Purα levels during development (A). Reduced levels following a similar pattern of increase are seen in extracts from <i>PURA<sup>+/−</sup></i> mice while the Purα protein is undetectable at any time point in <i>PURA<sup>−/−</sup></i> mice (A). Levels of Cdk5 protein in the same extracts show a gradual increase during development which peak at day 20 in <i>PURA<sup>+/+</sup></i> mice, whereas extracts from <i>PURA<sup>+/−</sup></i> mice show reduced amounts of Cdk5 protein at 2, 5, and 7 days compared to <i>PURA<sup>+/+</sup></i> littermates (B). While Cdk5 protein levels in <i>PURA<sup>−/−</sup></i> mice appear greater at 2 days of age and are slightly reduced compared with <i>PURA<sup>+/+</sup></i> mice at day 10, levels peak at day 20 as seen in the <i>PURA<sup>+/+</sup></i> mice (B). For each gel shown, equal amounts of lysate were loaded in each lane. Immunoblotting for an unrelated protein, Grb2, is shown as a control for equal loading (C). Immunoprecipitation (IP) performed on whole-cell extracts from 26-day-old mice using anti-Cdk5 antibody or nms followed by immunoblotting with anti-Purα antibody demonstrates the association of Cdk5 and Purα proteins in extracts prepared from <i>PURA<sup>+/+</sup></i> but not <i>PURA<sup>−/−</sup></i> mouse brains (D, left). The same blots, stripped and reblotted with anti-Cdk5 (α-cdk5) antibody, show the detection of Cdk5 protein in extracts from <i>PURA<sup>+/+</sup></i> and <i>PURA<sup>−/−</sup></i> mouse brains but not in nms (D, right).</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="figure-item tail"
|
||
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
|
||
itemprop="associatedMedia"
|
||
data-slide-index="8"
|
||
data-label-slug="fig-9">
|
||
<a class="figure-link"
|
||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/18df/193944/ea0ac3540955/mb1931056009.jpg"
|
||
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|
||
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|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-image-width="498"
|
||
data-image-height="400"
|
||
data-image-alt="FIG. 9."
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC193944"
|
||
data-figure-id="f9">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-8"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/18df/193944/0ff2d31be89e/mb1931056009.gif"
|
||
alt="FIG. 9." />
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="498">
|
||
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="400">
|
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|
||
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
<div class="caption-wrap">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> FIG. 9. </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Localization of Purα protein in… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> FIG. 9. </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Localization of Purα protein in cells of the cerebellum and hippocampus of wild-type… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-8" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
FIG. 9.
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Localization of Purα protein in cells of the cerebellum and hippocampus of wild-type <i>PURA<sup>+/+</sup></i> mice at postnatal days 5 and 10. Sections of paraffin-embedded brain tissue were treated with anti-Purα antibody and visualized as described in Materials and Methods. Sections taken at day p5 from the cerebellum and hippocampus are shown in panels A and B, respectively. The inset in panel A shows a higher magnification in which labeling with anti-Purα antibody in Purkinje cells can be visualized in the dendrites (d). Sections taken at day p10 from the cerebellum and hippocampus are shown in panels C and D, respectively. Cells in the cerebellar Purkinje cell layer, intensely labeling at day p5 but not at day p10, are labeled P. The darker brown labeling for Purα in panels C and D results from largely nuclear labeling. All panels are at the same magnification. Bar, 100 μm (D).</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="figure-item tail"
|
||
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|
||
itemprop="associatedMedia"
|
||
data-slide-index="9"
|
||
data-label-slug="fig-10">
|
||
<a class="figure-link"
|
||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/18df/193944/1b8c385ddadf/mb1931056010.jpg"
|
||
itemprop="contentUrl"
|
||
aria-describedby="figure-caption-9"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-image-width="437"
|
||
data-image-height="403"
|
||
data-image-alt="FIG. 10."
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC193944"
|
||
data-figure-id="f10">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-9"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/18df/193944/52a0bd259cb4/mb1931056010.gif"
|
||
alt="FIG. 10." />
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="437">
|
||
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|
||
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|
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|
||
<div class="caption-wrap">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> FIG. 10. </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Defects in Cdk5 localization and… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> FIG. 10. </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Defects in Cdk5 localization and neurofilament development in cerebellar Purkinje cells of mice… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-9" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
FIG. 10.
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Defects in Cdk5 localization and neurofilament development in cerebellar Purkinje cells of mice with genetically inactivated <i>PURA</i>. Paraffin sections of mouse brains taken at the indicated postnatal times were treated with antibodies for either Cdk5 (A to D and G) or with SMI33, an antibody which recognizes total neurofilaments (E and F), and visualized as described in Materials and Methods. Sections from wild-type <i>PURA<sup>+/+</sup></i> mice taken at days p5 and p10 are shown in panels A and C, respectively. Labeled at day 5 are the external granular layer (egl), internal granular layer (igl), and Purkinje cell layer (P) as well as the Purkinje cell dendritic layer (D). Note the intense immunolabeling of the Purkinje cells with anti-Cdk5. At day p10 the external granular layer is not present, and the molecular (M) and granular layers have developed but the Purkinje cells at day p10 are devoid of Cdk5. Sections from <i>PURA<sup>−/−</sup></i> mice at days p5 and p10 are shown in panels B and D, respectively. Note the lack of cerebellar organization and lack of intense immunolabeling of cells with anti-Cdk5 at days p5 and p10. Labeled are the external and internal granular layers, which are still observed in the day p10 <i>PURA<sup>−/−</sup></i> mouse cerebellum. Sections labeled for total neurofilaments at day p10 from <i>PURA<sup>+/+</sup></i> and <i>PURA<sup>−/−</sup></i> mice are shown in panels E and F, respectively. Cells corresponding to the Purkinje cell layer are labeled P. Purkinje cells (P) labeled with anti-Cdk5 are also shown at a higher magnification labeling in the <i>PURA<sup>+/+</sup></i> mouse at day p5, showing labeling extending to the dendrites (D). Bars, 100 μm.</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="figure-item tail"
|
||
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|
||
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|
||
data-slide-index="10"
|
||
data-label-slug="fig-11">
|
||
<a class="figure-link"
|
||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/18df/193944/ea00f27c8364/mb1931056011.jpg"
|
||
itemprop="contentUrl"
|
||
aria-describedby="figure-caption-10"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-image-width="492"
|
||
data-image-height="874"
|
||
data-image-alt="FIG. 11."
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC193944"
|
||
data-figure-id="f11">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
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id="article-image-10"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/18df/193944/01b5c07a5b61/mb1931056011.gif"
|
||
alt="FIG. 11." />
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="492">
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<p> FIG. 11. </p>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Defective synapse formation in the… </p></div>
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<p> FIG. 11. </p>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Defective synapse formation in the hippocampus of the <i> PURA <sup> −/− </sup> </i> mouse. Brain sections… </p></div>
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FIG. 11.
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<div class="figure-caption-contents">Defective synapse formation in the hippocampus of the <i>PURA<sup>−/−</sup></i> mouse. Brain sections from littermate <i>PURA<sup>+/+</sup></i> (upper panel) and <i>PURA<sup>−/−</sup></i> (lower panel) mice at day p18 were treated with antibody specific for the postsynaptic density protein 95 (Psd95) and visualized as described in Materials and Methods. No counterstain was employed. Synapses on neuronal cell bodies can be visualized within the CA3 region as intensely labeling foci at the outer cell membranes. Bar, 10 μm.</div>
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<span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Pan MK, Ni CL, Wu YC, Li YS, Kuo SH.</span>
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<span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Pan MK, et al.</span>
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<span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y). 2018 Oct 9;8:587. doi: 10.7916/D89S37MV. eCollection 2018.</span>
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<span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Tassone F, Protic D, Allen EG, Archibald AD, Baud A, Brown TW, Budimirovic DB, Cohen J, Dufour B, Eiges R, Elvassore N, Gabis LV, Grudzien SJ, Hall DA, Hessl D, Hogan A, Hunter JE, Jin P, Jiraanont P, Klusek J, Kooy RF, Kraan CM, Laterza C, Lee A, Lipworth K, Losh M, Loesch D, Lozano R, Mailick MR, Manolopoulos A, Martinez-Cerdeno V, McLennan Y, Miller RM, Montanaro FAM, Mosconi MW, Potter SN, Raspa M, Rivera SM, Shelly K, Todd PK, Tutak K, Wang JY, Wheeler A, Winarni TI, Zafarullah M, Hagerman RJ.</span>
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<span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Tassone F, et al.</span>
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<span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Cells. 2023 Sep 21;12(18):2330. doi: 10.3390/cells12182330.</span>
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Barr, S. M., and E. M. Johnson. 2001. Ras-induced colony formation and anchorage-independent growth inhibited by elevated expression of Puralpha in NIH3T3 cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 81:621-638.
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Bergemann, A. D., and E. M. Johnson. 1992. The HeLa Pur factor binds single-stranded DNA at a specific element conserved in gene flanking regions and origins of DNA replication. Mol. Cell. Biol. 12:1257-1265.
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Bergemann, A. D., Z. W. Ma, and E. M. Johnson. 1992. Sequence of cDNA comprising the human pur gene and sequence-specific single-stranded-DNA-binding properties of the encoded protein. Mol. Cell. Biol. 12:5673-5682.
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Chang, C.-F., G. Gallia, V. Muralidharan, N. N. Chen, P. Zoltick, E. Johnson, and K. Khalili. 1996. Evidence that replication of human neurotropic JC virus DNA in glial cells is regulated by the sequence-specific single-stranded DNA-binding protein Pur α. J. Virol. 70:4150-4156.
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</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
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ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
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role="button"
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data-search-term=""Body Weight"[MeSH]"
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data-ga-label=""Body Weight"[MeSH]"
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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Brain / cytology
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-2"
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Brain / cytology"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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Cell Cycle Proteins / metabolism
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Cell Division / genetics
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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Cerebellum / cytology
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-7"
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Cerebellum / cytology"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Cerebellum/cytology"[MeSH]"
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Cerebellum / metabolism
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-8"
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Cerebellum / metabolism"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / genetics
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Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / metabolism*
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Search in MeSH
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Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5
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data-href="/?term=%22Cyclin-Dependent+Kinase+5%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / metabolism"
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aria-expanded="false"
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Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / metabolism
|
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-12"
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|
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / metabolism"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
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href="/?term=%22Cyclin-Dependent+Kinases%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
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data-href="/?term=%22Cyclin-Dependent+Kinases%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Cyclin-Dependent Kinases/metabolism"[MeSH]"
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Search in PubMed
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Add to Search
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword DNA Replication"
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword DNA Replication"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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href="/?term=%22DNA+Replication%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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data-href="/?term=%22DNA+Replication%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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Search in PubMed
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword DNA-Binding Proteins / metabolism"
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DNA-Binding Proteins / metabolism
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword DNA-Binding Proteins / metabolism"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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href="/?term=%22DNA-Binding+Proteins%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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data-href="/?term=%22DNA-Binding+Proteins%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism"[MeSH]"
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Search in PubMed
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Search in MeSH
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Add to Search
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Dendrites / metabolism"
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tabindex="0"
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aria-expanded="false"
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Dendrites / metabolism
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-15"
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hidden
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Dendrites / metabolism"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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href="/?term=%22Dendrites%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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data-href="/?term=%22Dendrites%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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Add to Search
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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Dendrites / pathology
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Dendrites / pathology"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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href="/?term=%22Dendrites%2Fpathology%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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data-href="/?term=%22Dendrites%2Fpathology%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Dendrites/pathology"[MeSH]"
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Search in MeSH
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Add to Search
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Gene Deletion"
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tabindex="0"
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aria-expanded="false"
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data-pinger-ignore>
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Gene Deletion
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-17"
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class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
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hidden
|
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Gene Deletion"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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href="/?term=%22Gene+Deletion%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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data-href="/?term=%22Gene+Deletion%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Gene Deletion"[MeSH]"
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Search in PubMed
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Search in MeSH
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|
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental"
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Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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data-href="/?term=%22Gene+Expression+Regulation%2C+Developmental%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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Search in MeSH
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Add to Search
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Gene Silencing"
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tabindex="0"
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aria-expanded="false"
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Gene Silencing
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-19"
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class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Gene Silencing"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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href="/?term=%22Gene+Silencing%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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data-href="/?term=%22Gene+Silencing%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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Search in PubMed
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Search in MeSH
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Add to Search
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Genotype"
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tabindex="0"
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aria-expanded="false"
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data-pinger-ignore>
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Genotype
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-20"
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class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Genotype"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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href="/?term=%22Genotype%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / metabolism"
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tabindex="0"
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Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / metabolism
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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Hippocampus / cytology
|
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data-href="/?term=%22Hippocampus%2Fcytology%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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data-ga-action="mesh_term"
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data-ga-label="Hippocampus / cytology">
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Search in PubMed
|
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</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
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ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
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href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Hippocampus"
|
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data-ga-category="search_mesh"
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data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
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data-ga-label="Hippocampus / cytology">
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Search in MeSH
|
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</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
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role="button"
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data-search-term=""Hippocampus/cytology"[MeSH]"
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data-ga-category="search"
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data-ga-action="add_to_search"
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data-ga-label=""Hippocampus/cytology"[MeSH]"
|
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href="#">
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Add to Search
|
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Hippocampus / metabolism"
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tabindex="0"
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aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-23"
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aria-expanded="false"
|
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data-pinger-ignore>
|
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Hippocampus / metabolism
|
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-23"
|
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class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
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hidden
|
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Hippocampus / metabolism"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
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href="/?term=%22Hippocampus%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
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data-href="/?term=%22Hippocampus%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
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ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Hippocampus/metabolism"[MeSH]"
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data-ga-action="mesh_term"
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data-ga-label="Hippocampus / metabolism">
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Search in PubMed
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</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
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ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
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href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Hippocampus"
|
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data-ga-category="search_mesh"
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data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
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data-ga-label="Hippocampus / metabolism">
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Search in MeSH
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</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
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role="button"
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data-search-term=""Hippocampus/metabolism"[MeSH]"
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data-ga-category="search"
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data-ga-action="add_to_search"
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data-ga-label=""Hippocampus/metabolism"[MeSH]"
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href="#">
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Add to Search
|
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Mice"
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tabindex="0"
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aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-24"
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aria-expanded="false"
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data-pinger-ignore>
|
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Mice
|
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-24"
|
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class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
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hidden
|
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Mice"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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href="/?term=%22Mice%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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data-href="/?term=%22Mice%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Mice"[MeSH]"
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data-ga-label="Mice">
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Search in PubMed
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</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
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href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Mice"
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Search in MeSH
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</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
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data-search-term=""Mice"[MeSH]"
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data-ga-category="search"
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data-ga-action="add_to_search"
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data-ga-label=""Mice"[MeSH]"
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href="#">
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Add to Search
|
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Mice, Knockout"
|
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tabindex="0"
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aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-25"
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aria-expanded="false"
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data-pinger-ignore>
|
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Mice, Knockout
|
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-25"
|
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class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
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hidden
|
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Mice, Knockout"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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href="/?term=%22Mice%2C+Knockout%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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data-href="/?term=%22Mice%2C+Knockout%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Mice, Knockout"[MeSH]"
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data-ga-label="Mice, Knockout">
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Search in PubMed
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</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
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href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Mice%2C+Knockout"
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Search in MeSH
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</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
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data-ga-action="add_to_search"
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data-ga-label=""Mice, Knockout"[MeSH]"
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Add to Search
|
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Minichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 7"
|
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tabindex="0"
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aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-26"
|
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aria-expanded="false"
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data-pinger-ignore>
|
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Minichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 7
|
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-26"
|
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class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
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hidden
|
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Minichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 7"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
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href="/?term=%22Minichromosome+Maintenance+Complex+Component+7%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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data-href="/?term=%22Minichromosome+Maintenance+Complex+Component+7%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Minichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 7"[MeSH]"
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Search in PubMed
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</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
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href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Minichromosome+Maintenance+Complex+Component+7"
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Search in MeSH
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</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
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data-search-term=""Minichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 7"[MeSH]"
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data-ga-category="search"
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Add to Search
|
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Myelin Sheath / metabolism"
|
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tabindex="0"
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data-pinger-ignore>
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Myelin Sheath / metabolism
|
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-27"
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class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
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hidden
|
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Myelin Sheath / metabolism"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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href="/?term=%22Myelin+Sheath%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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data-href="/?term=%22Myelin+Sheath%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Myelin Sheath/metabolism"[MeSH]"
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data-ga-action="mesh_term"
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data-ga-label="Myelin Sheath / metabolism">
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Search in PubMed
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</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
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Search in MeSH
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</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
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data-search-term=""Myelin Sheath/metabolism"[MeSH]"
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data-ga-category="search"
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data-ga-action="add_to_search"
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data-ga-label=""Myelin Sheath/metabolism"[MeSH]"
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href="#">
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Add to Search
|
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Nerve Tissue Proteins"
|
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tabindex="0"
|
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aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-28"
|
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aria-expanded="false"
|
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data-pinger-ignore>
|
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Nerve Tissue Proteins
|
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-28"
|
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class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
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hidden
|
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Nerve Tissue Proteins"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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href="/?term=%22Nerve+Tissue+Proteins%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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data-href="/?term=%22Nerve+Tissue+Proteins%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Nerve Tissue Proteins"[MeSH]"
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data-ga-label="Nerve Tissue Proteins">
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Search in PubMed
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</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
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ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
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href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Nerve+Tissue+Proteins"
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Search in MeSH
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</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
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data-search-term=""Nerve Tissue Proteins"[MeSH]"
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data-ga-category="search"
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data-ga-action="add_to_search"
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data-ga-label=""Nerve Tissue Proteins"[MeSH]"
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href="#">
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Add to Search
|
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Neurons / cytology"
|
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tabindex="0"
|
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aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-29"
|
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aria-expanded="false"
|
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data-pinger-ignore>
|
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Neurons / cytology
|
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-29"
|
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class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
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hidden
|
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Neurons / cytology"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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href="/?term=%22Neurons%2Fcytology%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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data-href="/?term=%22Neurons%2Fcytology%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Neurons/cytology"[MeSH]"
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data-ga-action="mesh_term"
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data-ga-label="Neurons / cytology">
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Search in PubMed
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</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
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href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Neurons"
|
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data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
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data-ga-label="Neurons / cytology">
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Search in MeSH
|
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</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
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role="button"
|
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data-search-term=""Neurons/cytology"[MeSH]"
|
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data-ga-category="search"
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data-ga-action="add_to_search"
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data-ga-label=""Neurons/cytology"[MeSH]"
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Add to Search
|
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Neurons / metabolism"
|
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tabindex="0"
|
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aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-30"
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aria-expanded="false"
|
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data-pinger-ignore>
|
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Neurons / metabolism
|
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-30"
|
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class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
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hidden
|
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Neurons / metabolism"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
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href="/?term=%22Neurons%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
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data-href="/?term=%22Neurons%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Neurons/metabolism"[MeSH]"
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data-ga-action="mesh_term"
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data-ga-label="Neurons / metabolism">
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Search in PubMed
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</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
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href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Neurons"
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data-ga-category="search_mesh"
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data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
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data-ga-label="Neurons / metabolism">
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Search in MeSH
|
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</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
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role="button"
|
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data-search-term=""Neurons/metabolism"[MeSH]"
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data-ga-category="search"
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data-ga-action="add_to_search"
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data-ga-label=""Neurons/metabolism"[MeSH]"
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Add to Search
|
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Nuclear Proteins / metabolism"
|
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tabindex="0"
|
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aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-31"
|
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aria-expanded="false"
|
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data-pinger-ignore>
|
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Nuclear Proteins / metabolism
|
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-31"
|
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class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
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hidden
|
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Nuclear Proteins / metabolism"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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href="/?term=%22Nuclear+Proteins%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
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data-href="/?term=%22Nuclear+Proteins%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
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ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Nuclear Proteins/metabolism"[MeSH]"
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data-ga-action="mesh_term"
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data-ga-label="Nuclear Proteins / metabolism">
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Search in PubMed
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</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
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ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
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href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Nuclear+Proteins"
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data-ga-category="search_mesh"
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data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
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data-ga-label="Nuclear Proteins / metabolism">
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Search in MeSH
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</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
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role="button"
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data-search-term=""Nuclear Proteins/metabolism"[MeSH]"
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data-ga-category="search"
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data-ga-action="add_to_search"
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data-ga-label=""Nuclear Proteins/metabolism"[MeSH]"
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Add to Search
|
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Oligodendroglia / metabolism"
|
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tabindex="0"
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aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-32"
|
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aria-expanded="false"
|
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data-pinger-ignore>
|
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Oligodendroglia / metabolism
|
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-32"
|
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class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
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hidden
|
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Oligodendroglia / metabolism"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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href="/?term=%22Oligodendroglia%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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data-href="/?term=%22Oligodendroglia%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Oligodendroglia/metabolism"[MeSH]"
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data-ga-action="mesh_term"
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data-ga-label="Oligodendroglia / metabolism">
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Search in PubMed
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</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
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ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
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href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Oligodendroglia"
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Search in MeSH
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</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
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data-search-term=""Oligodendroglia/metabolism"[MeSH]"
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data-ga-category="search"
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data-ga-action="add_to_search"
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data-ga-label=""Oligodendroglia/metabolism"[MeSH]"
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href="#">
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Add to Search
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
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Oligodendroglia / pathology
|
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Oligodendroglia / pathology"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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href="/?term=%22Oligodendroglia%2Fpathology%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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data-href="/?term=%22Oligodendroglia%2Fpathology%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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Purkinje Cells / metabolism
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Purkinje Cells / metabolism"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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data-href="/?term=%22Purkinje+Cells%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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Stem Cells / cytology
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-36"
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Stem Cells / cytology"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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Stem Cells / metabolism
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-37"
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class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Stem Cells / metabolism"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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Add to Search
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Time Factors"
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Time Factors
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-38"
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hidden
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Time Factors"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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href="/?term=%22Time+Factors%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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data-href="/?term=%22Time+Factors%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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Search in MeSH
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Transcription Factors"
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tabindex="0"
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aria-expanded="false"
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Transcription Factors
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-39"
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class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
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hidden
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Transcription Factors"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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href="/?term=%22Transcription+Factors%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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data-href="/?term=%22Transcription+Factors%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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Add to Search
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li></ul>
|
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</div>
|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="substances" class="substances keywords-section">
|
||
<h2 class="title">
|
||
Substances
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
<ul class="keywords-list"><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Cell Cycle Proteins"
|
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tabindex="0"
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aria-controls="keyword-actions-substances-0"
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aria-expanded="false"
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data-pinger-ignore>
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Cell Cycle Proteins
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-0"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
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hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Cell Cycle Proteins"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Cell+Cycle+Proteins%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Cell+Cycle+Proteins%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
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ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&keyword="Cell Cycle Proteins"[nm]"
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data-ga-action="substance"
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Search in PubMed
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</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
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href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=%22Cell+Cycle+Proteins%22"
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Search in MeSH
|
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</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
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ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
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|
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data-search-term=""Cell Cycle Proteins"[nm]"
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data-ga-category="search"
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data-ga-action="add_to_search"
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data-ga-label=""Cell Cycle Proteins"[nm]"
|
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Add to Search
|
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein"
|
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tabindex="0"
|
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aria-controls="keyword-actions-substances-1"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
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data-pinger-ignore>
|
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Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-1"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
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hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
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href="/?term=%22Cyclic+AMP+Response+Element-Binding+Protein%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
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data-href="/?term=%22Cyclic+AMP+Response+Element-Binding+Protein%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
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ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&keyword="Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein"[nm]"
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data-ga-category="search"
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data-ga-action="substance"
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data-ga-label="Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein">
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Search in PubMed
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</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
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href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=%22Cyclic+AMP+Response+Element-Binding+Protein%22"
|
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data-ga-category="search_mesh"
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data-ga-action="substance_link"
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data-ga-label="Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein">
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Search in MeSH
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</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
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ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
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role="button"
|
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data-search-term=""Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein"[nm]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
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data-ga-action="add_to_search"
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data-ga-label=""Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein"[nm]"
|
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Add to Search
|
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword DNA-Binding Proteins"
|
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tabindex="0"
|
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aria-controls="keyword-actions-substances-2"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
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data-pinger-ignore>
|
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DNA-Binding Proteins
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-2"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
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hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword DNA-Binding Proteins"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22DNA-Binding+Proteins%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
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data-href="/?term=%22DNA-Binding+Proteins%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
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ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&keyword="DNA-Binding Proteins"[nm]"
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data-ga-action="substance"
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data-ga-label="DNA-Binding Proteins">
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Search in PubMed
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</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
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href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=%22DNA-Binding+Proteins%22"
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Search in MeSH
|
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</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
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ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
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role="button"
|
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data-search-term=""DNA-Binding Proteins"[nm]"
|
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data-ga-category="search"
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data-ga-action="add_to_search"
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data-ga-label=""DNA-Binding Proteins"[nm]"
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href="#">
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Add to Search
|
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein"
|
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tabindex="0"
|
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aria-controls="keyword-actions-substances-3"
|
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aria-expanded="false"
|
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data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-3"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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Mcm7 protein, mouse
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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</div>
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||
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||
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||
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||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="related-links" class="related-links">
|
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<h2 class="title">
|
||
Related information
|
||
</h2>
|
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|
||
<ul class="related-links-list"><li><a title="PubMed links associated with Books" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books?linkname=pubmed_books_refs&from_uid=12972605"
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ref="log$=recordlinks&logdbfrom=pubmed&ncbi_uid=12972605&ordinalpos=1&linkpos=1">
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Cited in Books
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</a></li><li><a title="Link to related Genes" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?linkname=pubmed_gene&from_uid=12972605"
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ref="log$=recordlinks&logdbfrom=pubmed&ncbi_uid=12972605&ordinalpos=1&linkpos=2">
|
||
Gene
|
||
</a></li><li><a title="Link to Gene for the GeneRIF subcategory" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?linkname=pubmed_gene_rif&from_uid=12972605"
|
||
ref="log$=recordlinks&logdbfrom=pubmed&ncbi_uid=12972605&ordinalpos=1&linkpos=3">
|
||
Gene (GeneRIF)
|
||
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