1006 lines
45 KiB
Text
1006 lines
45 KiB
Text
|
||
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
||
<html lang="en" dir="ltr">
|
||
<head>
|
||
<meta charset="utf-8" />
|
||
<meta name="description" content=".author-box { width: 265px; padding-top: 1px; padding-left: 25px; } By Maureen M. Goodenow, Ph.D.April 2021" />
|
||
<link rel="canonical" href="https://oar.nih.gov/about/directors-corner/letters-director-identifying-and-overcoming-barriers-transgender-hiv-testing" />
|
||
<meta name="google" content="ABy87rEA78s68fgWnX89t7FPE5x8X-MiHxSXDPY6Vh4" />
|
||
<meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)" />
|
||
<meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" />
|
||
<meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" />
|
||
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
|
||
<link rel="icon" href="/sites/default/files/favicon_oar_0_0.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" />
|
||
|
||
<title>Director's Blog: Identifying and Overcoming Barriers to Transgender HIV Testing | National Institutes of Health</title>
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/misc/components/progress.module.css?srhneb" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/misc/components/ajax-progress.module.css?srhneb" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/align.module.css?srhneb" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/fieldgroup.module.css?srhneb" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/container-inline.module.css?srhneb" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/clearfix.module.css?srhneb" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/details.module.css?srhneb" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/hidden.module.css?srhneb" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/item-list.module.css?srhneb" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/js.module.css?srhneb" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/nowrap.module.css?srhneb" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/position-container.module.css?srhneb" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/reset-appearance.module.css?srhneb" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/resize.module.css?srhneb" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/system-status-counter.css?srhneb" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/system-status-report-counters.css?srhneb" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/system-status-report-general-info.css?srhneb" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/tablesort.module.css?srhneb" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/contrib/extlink/css/extlink.css?srhneb" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/layout_discovery/layouts/twocol/twocol.css?srhneb" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/contrib/paragraphs/css/paragraphs.unpublished.css?srhneb" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/oar/assets/css/uswds.css?srhneb" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/oar/assets/css/styles.css?srhneb" />
|
||
|
||
<script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"node\/2902","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"gtag":{"tagId":"G-8073XVDHBL","consentMode":false,"otherIds":[],"events":[],"additionalConfigInfo":[]},"ajaxPageState":{"libraries":"eJxdjlEOwjAMQy9U1iNN3hq6sq6pkpStt2eAEIKfp2f_2HRYTmX1QVpFHugdXWSOmUZD9PHEfx5ww_Fbbi6jc7MxJJ35TtK97TxzdgzxUCXTl54TJAX5ghPd0qyuQhAFddHPj28ztFLblJMuFJx2Ndr8BCXXdA86PtVfBRvtLOsDgRZQsg","theme":"oar","theme_token":null},"ajaxTrustedUrl":[],"gtm":{"tagId":null,"settings":{"data_layer":"dataLayer","include_classes":false,"allowlist_classes":"","blocklist_classes":"","include_environment":false,"environment_id":"","environment_token":""},"tagIds":["GTM-WP9RQTDJ"]},"data":{"extlink":{"extTarget":true,"extTargetAppendNewWindowLabel":"(opens in a new window)","extTargetNoOverride":true,"extNofollow":true,"extTitleNoOverride":false,"extNoreferrer":true,"extFollowNoOverride":false,"extClass":"ext","extLabel":"(link is external)","extImgClass":false,"extSubdomains":true,"extExclude":"^(https?:\\\/\\\/)?(\\S*)?(\\.gov)(\\S*)?$","extInclude":"facebook","extCssExclude":"","extCssInclude":"","extCssExplicit":"","extAlert":true,"extAlertText":"You are leaving the OAR website.\r\n \r\nThis external link provides additional information that is consistent with the intended purpose of this site. NIH cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal site.\r\n \r\nLinking to a non-federal site does not constitute an endorsement by NIH or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the site. You will be subject to the destination site\u0027s privacy policy when you follow the link.","extHideIcons":false,"mailtoClass":"mailto","telClass":"","mailtoLabel":"(link sends email)","telLabel":"(link is a phone number)","extUseFontAwesome":false,"extIconPlacement":"append","extPreventOrphan":false,"extFaLinkClasses":"fa fa-external-link","extFaMailtoClasses":"fa fa-envelope-o","extAdditionalLinkClasses":"","extAdditionalMailtoClasses":"","extAdditionalTelClasses":"","extFaTelClasses":"fa fa-phone","whitelistedDomains":[],"extExcludeNoreferrer":""}},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"6d4c55dd411f407c860e860b72157238d5a7ec629d9ad44fec0438ba4bfa0228"}}</script>
|
||
<script src="/core/misc/drupalSettingsLoader.js?v=10.4.2"></script>
|
||
<script src="/modules/contrib/google_tag/js/gtag.js?srhneb"></script>
|
||
<script src="/modules/contrib/google_tag/js/gtm.js?srhneb"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script async type="text/javascript" src="https://dap.digitalgov.gov/Universal-Federated-Analytics-Min.js?agency=HHS&subagency=NIH" id="_fed_an_ua_tag"></script>
|
||
<meta name="google-site-verification" content="ABy87rEA78s68fgWnX89t7FPE5x8X-MiHxSXDPY6Vh4"/>
|
||
</head>
|
||
<body class="user-logged-out path-node page-node-type-page">
|
||
<a href="#main-content" class="usa-sr-only focusable">
|
||
Skip to main content
|
||
</a>
|
||
<noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-WP9RQTDJ"
|
||
height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>
|
||
|
||
<div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas>
|
||
<section class="usa-banner">
|
||
<div class="usa-banner">
|
||
<div class="usa-accordion">
|
||
<header class="usa-banner__header">
|
||
<div class="usa-banner__inner">
|
||
<div class="grid-col-auto">
|
||
<img class="usa-banner__header-flag" src="/themes/custom/oar/assets/images/us_flag_small.png" alt="U.S. flag">
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="grid-col-fill tablet:grid-col-auto">
|
||
<p class="usa-banner__header-text">An official website of the United States government</p>
|
||
<p class="usa-banner__header-action" aria-hidden="true">Here's how you know</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<button class="usa-accordion__button usa-banner__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="gov-banner">
|
||
<span class="usa-banner__button-text">Here's how you know</span>
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</header>
|
||
<div class="usa-banner__content usa-accordion__content" id="gov-banner" hidden="">
|
||
<div class="grid-row grid-gap-lg">
|
||
<div class="usa-banner__guidance tablet:grid-col-6">
|
||
<img class="usa-banner__icon usa-media-block__img" src="/themes/custom/oar/assets/images/icon-dot-gov.svg" alt="Dot gov">
|
||
<div class="usa-media-block__body">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<strong>The .gov means it’s official.</strong>
|
||
<br>
|
||
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.
|
||
</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="usa-banner__guidance tablet:grid-col-6">
|
||
<img class="usa-banner__icon usa-media-block__img" src="/themes/custom/oar/assets/images/icon-https.svg" alt="Https">
|
||
<div class="usa-media-block__body">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<strong>The site is secure.</strong>
|
||
<br>
|
||
The <strong>https://</strong> ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.
|
||
</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-overlay"></div>
|
||
<div class="Header-top">
|
||
<div class="top-navigation">
|
||
<div class="grid-container">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<div id="block-topnavigation" class="block block-block-content block-block-content2b6bbad9-a4f4-44f9-9b74-d4635a165b49">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="field field--name-field-navigation field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__items">
|
||
<div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--top-menu-list paragraph--view-mode--default">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="field field--name-field-icon field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/image_18x_18/public/ribbon-hhs.png?itok=amq7L1ao" width="18" height="18" alt="HHS Logo" />
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="field field--name-field-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item"><a href="https://www.hhs.gov/">U.S. Department of Health & Human Services</a></div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--top-menu-list paragraph--view-mode--default">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="field field--name-field-icon field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/image_18x_18/public/styles/image_18x_18/nih-ribbon.png?itok=eqO-ARtY" width="18" height="18" alt="NIH Ribbon" />
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="field field--name-field-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item"><a href="https://www.nih.gov/">National Institutes of Health</a></div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<header class="usa-header usa-header--extended" id="header" role="banner">
|
||
|
||
<div class="region region-header usa-navbar">
|
||
<div class="usa-logo site-logo" id="logo">
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-logo__text">
|
||
<div class="site-logo-img">
|
||
<a class="logo-img" href="/" accesskey="1" title="National Institutes of Health - Office of AIDS Research" aria-label="National Institutes of Health - Office of AIDS Research">
|
||
<img src="/themes/custom/oar/logo.png" alt="National Institutes of Health - Office of AIDS Research" />
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<!--div class="site-name">
|
||
<a href="/" accesskey="2" title="National Institutes of Health - Office of AIDS Research" aria-label="National Institutes of Health - Office of AIDS Research">
|
||
National Institutes of Health
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<h5 class="usa-font-lead">Office of AIDS Research</h5>
|
||
</div-->
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<button class="usa-menu-btn">Menu</button>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<nav class="usa-nav" role="navigation">
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__inner">
|
||
|
||
<button class="usa-nav__close">
|
||
<img src="/themes/custom/oar/assets/images/close.svg" alt="close"/>
|
||
</button>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="usa-nav__primary usa-accordion">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__primary-item">
|
||
|
||
<button type="button" class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link " aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-nav-section-1">
|
||
<span>HIV Policy and Research</span>
|
||
</button>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul id="basic-nav-section-1" class="usa-nav__submenu" hidden="">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/hiv-policy-and-research" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2709"> <span>HIV Policy and Research</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/hiv-policy-and-research/research-priorities" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2710"> <span>Research Priorities</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/hiv-policy-and-research/strategic-plan" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2712"> <span>NIH Strategic Plan for HIV and HIV-Related Research</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/hiv-policy-and-research/budget" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2713"> <span>NIH HIV Research Budget</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__primary-item">
|
||
|
||
<button type="button" class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link " aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-nav-section-2">
|
||
<span>NIH HIV Research Program</span>
|
||
</button>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul id="basic-nav-section-2" class="usa-nav__submenu" hidden="">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/trans-nih-hiv-research-program" class="link"> <span>NIH HIV Research Program</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/nih-hiv-research-program/oar-role" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2717"> <span>OAR's Coordinating Role</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/nih-hiv-research-program/naec" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2812"> <span>NIH HIV/AIDS Executive Committee</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/nih-hiv-research-program/research-index-by-nih-ic" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2718"> <span>Research Index by NIH Institute</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/nih-hiv-research-program/hiv-early-career-resources" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3274"> <span>Early Career Investigator Resources</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/nih-hiv-research-program/project-spotlight" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2719"> <span>Research Project Spotlight</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="https://oar.nih.gov/nih-hiv-research-program/hiv-women" class="link"> <span>HIV and Women</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/nih-hiv-research-program/hiv-aging" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3756"> <span>HIV and Aging</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="https://oar.nih.gov/nih-hiv-research-program/data-hub" class="link"> <span>NIH OAR Data Hub: Showcasing the NIH HIV Research Portfolio</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__primary-item">
|
||
|
||
<button type="button" class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link " aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-nav-section-3">
|
||
<span>News and Events</span>
|
||
</button>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul id="basic-nav-section-3" class="usa-nav__submenu" hidden="">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/news-and-events" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2708"> <span>News and Events</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/news-and-events/research-advances" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2813"> <span>Research Advances</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/news-and-events/oar-in-the-news" class="link"> <span>OAR Updates</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/news-and-events/events" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2720"> <span>Events</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="https://oar.nih.gov/news-and-updates/world-aids-day-at-nih" class="link"> <span>World AIDS Day at NIH</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__primary-item">
|
||
|
||
<button type="button" class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link " aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-nav-section-4">
|
||
<span>Resources</span>
|
||
</button>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul id="basic-nav-section-4" class="usa-nav__submenu" hidden="">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="https://hivinfo.nih.gov" class="link"> <span>About HIV</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/" class="link"> <span>Clinical Guidelines</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__primary-item">
|
||
|
||
<button type="button" class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link " aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-nav-section-5">
|
||
<span>About OAR</span>
|
||
</button>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul id="basic-nav-section-5" class="usa-nav__submenu" hidden="">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/about" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2675"> <span>About OAR</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/about/vision-mission" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2729"> <span>Vision and Mission</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/about/progress-against-hivaids-timeline" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2834"> <span>Progress Against HIV/AIDS Timeline</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/about/history" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2676"> <span>History</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="https://oar.nih.gov/about/history/oar-35-years" class="link"> <span>OAR: 35th Anniversary</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/about/organization" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2803"> <span>Organization</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/about/directors-blog" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2804"> <span>Director's Blog</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/about/oar-leadership" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2730"> <span>OAR Leadership</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/about/oarac" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2714"> <span>OAR Advisory Council</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/about/frequently-asked-questions" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2805"> <span>Frequently Asked Questions</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/about/careers" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3506"> <span>Careers</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/about/contact" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2686"> <span>Contact Us</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/sitemap" title="Sitemap" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="sitemap"> <span>Sitemap</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-nav__secondary">
|
||
<div id="block-sitesearchhttpssearchusagovsearch" class="block block-block-content block-block-contente0b41c7e-9fd8-41e6-ba38-9970b8ae8e86">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><form class="usa-search usa-search--small" accept-charset="UTF-8" action="https://search.usa.gov/search" id="search_form" method="get"><div role="search"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓"> <input id="affiliate" name="affiliate" type="hidden" value="oar"> <input class="search form-field form-field-site-search usagov-search-autocomplete" autocomplete="off" id="query" name="query" type="text" placeholder="Search"> <button class="usa-button" type="submit"><img alt="Search" class="usa-search__submit-icon" src="/themes/custom/oar/assets/images/search-icon.svg"></button></div><div class="twitter-follow"><a href="https://twitter.com/NIH_OAR">Follow us on<img src="/themes/custom/oar/assets/images/twitter-icon.svg" alt="X" title="X"></a></div></form><script type="text/javascript">
|
||
var usasearch_config = { siteHandle:"oar" };
|
||
</script><script type="text/javascript" src="//search.usa.gov/javascripts/remote.loader.js"></script></div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</header>
|
||
<div class="grid-container breadcrumb">
|
||
<div class="breadcrumb-wrap">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<div id="block-oar-breadcrumbs" class="block block-system block-system-breadcrumb-block">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="system-breadcrumb">
|
||
<h2 id="system-breadcrumb" class="usa-sr-only">Breadcrumb</h2>
|
||
<ol class="usa-breadcrumb__list">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="/">Home</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="/about">About the Office of AIDS Research</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
» Director's Blog: Identifying and Overcoming Barriers to Transgender HIV Testing
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<main class="main-content usa-layout-docs usa-section " role="main"
|
||
id="main-content">
|
||
<div class="grid-container">
|
||
<div class="main-content-wrap">
|
||
|
||
<div class="">
|
||
<div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="grid-row ">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="grid-row grid-gap">
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-layout-docs__main desktop:grid-col-fill">
|
||
|
||
<h1 class="margin-0">Director's Blog: Identifying and Overcoming Barriers to Transgender HIV Testing</h1>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="block-oar-content" class="block block-system block-system-main-block">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div data-history-node-id="2902" class="layout layout--twocol">
|
||
<div class="layout__region layout__region--top">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><style type="text/css">
|
||
.author-box {
|
||
width: 265px;
|
||
padding-top: 1px;
|
||
padding-left: 25px;
|
||
}
|
||
</style><div class="author-box"><p>By Maureen M. Goodenow, Ph.D.<br>April 2021</p></div><p class="text-align-center"><img class="img-responsive" src="/sites/default/files/cdc-hiv-nthtd-2021-promo-800x450.jpg" alt="April 18 - National Transgender HIV Testing Day. CDC, Let's Stop HIV Together, End the HIV Epidemic" width="800" height="450"></p><p>Each year on April 18th, we observe <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230905210607/https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/library/awareness/nthtd.html" target="_blank">National Transgender HIV Testing Day</a> (NTHTD). NTHTD is an annual event that highlights the importance of routine HIV testing and status awareness as part of our continued focus on HIV prevention and patient-centered care for transgender and gender non-binary individuals.</p><p>An estimated 1 million adults in the United States are transgender<sup>1</sup>. Transgender individuals, particularly transgender women, are at a high risk for HIV infection and disproportionately affected by HIV<sup>2</sup>. Among transgender women, recent data show that HIV is more common among Black/African American and Hispanic/Latina persons<sup>3</sup>. In 2018, adult and adolescent transgender individuals made up 2 percent of new HIV diagnoses in the United States and dependent areas, with most of the new HIV diagnoses among individuals ages 25–34<sup>4</sup>. As recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), individuals at increased risk of HIV infection should be tested for HIV at least annually<sup>5</sup>.</p><p>Transgender individuals with HIV may face a broad range of challenges that affect their health outcomes, including socioeconomic factors, stigma, discrimination, social rejection and exclusion, unique barriers to seeking HIV testing, limited transgender-specific data and research, and health care providers who lack knowledge of transgender issues.</p><p>To learn more about these challenges and discuss solutions, I invited my colleague <a href="https://dpcpsi.nih.gov/sgmro/directors-corner" target="_blank">Dr. Karen L. Parker</a> to have a conversation. Dr. Parker is an expert in sexual and gender minority (SGM)-related research and Director of the <a href="https://www.nih.gov/" target="_blank">National Institutes of Health</a> (NIH) <a href="https://dpcpsi.nih.gov/sgmro" target="_blank">Sexual and Gender Minority Research Office</a> (SGMRO). Like OAR, SGMRO is a part of the <a href="https://dpcpsi.nih.gov/" target="_blank">Division of Program Coordination, Planning, and Strategic Initiatives</a>, in the <a href="https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director" target="_blank">NIH Office of the Director</a>. We covered some critical issues in this discussion:</p><p><strong>Dr. Goodenow:</strong> What unique or critical concerns do transgender individuals face regarding HIV and AIDS?</p><p><strong>Dr. Parker:</strong> Transgender individuals encounter unique barriers in accessing health care, which have significant implications for HIV/AIDS prevention, screening, and treatment within this population. Several documented concerns include experiences of trauma, discrimination, and minority stress. These experiences often lead to mistrust, fear, and avoidance of health care systems and providers. Additionally, there are socioeconomic concerns to consider. These populations encounter higher rates of poverty and unemployment, limiting their access to health insurance and/or the ability to pay for care. Transgender individuals are also more likely to engage in risky health behaviors such as substance use (including intravenous/injectable drugs) and unprotected sex, both of which are significant risk factors for HIV transmission.</p><p><strong>Dr. Goodenow:</strong> What obstacles do transgender individuals face that stand specifically in the way of getting tested for HIV, and how can we address these obstacles through health research?</p><p><strong>Dr. Parker:</strong> Interventions to mitigate and treat HIV/AIDS for transgender people should take into consideration the barriers to care that I mentioned above. There is also a need for training culturally competent providers to ensure welcoming and affirming clinical environments for transgender patients, which is vital for building trust within the community. A welcoming and affirming clinic will make it more likely that these patients are getting screened routinely and treated adequately to help reduce rates of HIV transmission. Additionally, HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment education, and related dissemination efforts, should be inclusive and representative of transgender people. These interventions should also be informed by health research involving these communities.</p><p><strong>Dr. Goodenow:</strong> Can you tell us about the variety of NIH programs that are underway to advance our understanding of health disparities that put transgender individuals at a greater risk for HIV/AIDS and other health conditions? I know, for example, that SGMRO conducts <a href="https://dpcpsi.nih.gov/sgmro/regionalworkshop" target="_blank">Sexual & Gender Minority Health Research Regional Workshops</a>, <a href="https://dpcpsi.nih.gov/sgmro/listening-session" target="_blank">Listening Sessions</a>, and the <a href="https://dpcpsi.nih.gov/sgmro/sgm-administrative-supplements-program" target="_blank">SGM Administrative Supplements Program</a>.</p><p><strong>Dr. Parker:</strong> Those are all great examples of the types of work SGMRO undertakes to help enhance our understanding of the health disparities encountered by transgender individuals and other SGM populations. The SGM Administrative Supplements Program, for example, provides additional funds to current NIH-funded grants to include SGM populations or SGM health-related research questions. Several supplements have been awarded to investigators with HIV/AIDS-related projects to include SGM populations, including transgender people. Additionally, SGMRO co-sponsored the recently released National Academies (NASEM) consensus study report on <a href="https://www.nap.edu/resource/25877/LGBTQ.pdf" target="_blank"><em>Understanding the Well Being of LGBTQI+ Populations</em></a>. This report, conducted by an expert panel, is an extensive review of the available data and identifies future research needs and recommendations to advance health outcomes for SGMs.</p><p><strong>Dr. Goodenow:</strong> Are there any other steps that NIH can take to facilitate HIV testing and reduce risk to improve health outcomes for transgender individuals?</p><p><strong>Dr. Parker:</strong> As we know, research and science inform clinical practice, which leads to better health outcomes. To reduce HIV transmission and improve health outcomes for transgender people, we need to do more work in ensuring health research is inclusive of gender-diverse populations. Currently, research is limited due to inconsistency or lack of sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) in data collection, and there are no current guidelines in place to standardize measures. For that reason, SGMRO is proud to announce the launch of another NASEM consensus study to provide recommendations and guidelines for collecting SOGI measures across various domains, including administrative, clinical, and research use. We hope the upcoming consensus study report will better inform policy and programmatic efforts to improve data collection and yield better health outcomes for all SGM communities. This report will also be vital in shaping the next wave of scientific inquiry within this field.</p><p><strong>Dr. Goodenow: </strong>Thank you, Karen. This discussion has been very productive and will inform OAR’s commitment to advance research to end the HIV pandemic and improve HIV/AIDS health outcomes for all people.</p><p>The OAR encourages stakeholders to get involved with efforts to reduce HIV stigma and promote testing and treatment for transgender individuals. To get involved and find tools to use, visit the CDC’s <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/library/awareness/nthtd.html" target="_blank">National Transgender HIV Testing Day webpage</a> and <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/library?Sort=Language%3A%3Aasc&Language=English%20(US)&Audience=Transgender%20Persons" target="_blank">Let’s Stop HIV Together Campaign</a> resources for transgender individuals.</p><p>Maureen M. Goodenow, Ph.D.<br>NIH Associate Director for AIDS Research and<br>Director, NIH Office of AIDS Research</p><p>Karen L. Parker, Ph.D., M.S.W.<br>Director, NIH Sexual & Gender Minority Research Office</p><p> </p><hr><p> </p><p><sup>1</sup> Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV and Transgender People. Available at <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/group/gender/transgender/" target="_blank">https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/group/gender/transgender/</a>. Accessed April 28, 2021.</p><p><sup>2</sup> Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. April 2019. HIV and Transgender Communities. Available at <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/policies/data/transgender-issue-brief.html">https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/policies/data/transgender-issue-brief.html</a>.</p><p><sup>3</sup> Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV Surveillance Report—Special Report: HIV Infection, Risk, Prevention, and Testing Behaviors Among Transgender Women, National HIV Behavioral Surveillance 7 U.S. Cities, 2019–2020. Infographic. Available at <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240218002207/https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pdf/library/reports/surveillance/cdc-hiv-surveillance-special-report-number-27-infographic.pdf">https://web.archive.org/web/20240218002207/https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pdf/library/reports/surveillance/cdc-hiv-surveillance-special-report-number-27-infographic.pdf</a>.</p><p><sup>4</sup> Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV and Transgender People: HIV Diagnoses. Available at <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230929084351/https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/group/gender/transgender/hiv-diagnoses.html">https://web.archive.org/web/20230929084351/https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/group/gender/transgender/hiv-diagnoses.html</a>. </p><p><sup>5</sup> Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. April 2021. HIV Surveillance Report—Special Report: HIV Infection, Risk, Prevention, and Testing Behaviors Among Transgender Women, National HIV Behavioral Surveillance 7 U.S. Cities, 2019–2020. Available at <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pdf/library/reports/surveillance/cdc-hiv-surveillance-special-report-number-27.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pdf/library/reports/surveillance/cdc-hiv-surveillance-special-report-number-27.pdf</a>.</p></div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="page_content_bottom not-front-page">
|
||
<div class="grid-container">
|
||
<div class="page-reviewed"><p>This page last reviewed on December 10, 2024</p></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</main>
|
||
|
||
<footer class="usa-footer usa-footer--medium" role="contentinfo">
|
||
<div class="grid-container">
|
||
<div class="usa-footer__primary-section">
|
||
<div class="usa-footer__primary-content">
|
||
<div class="oar-footer__medium__top">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<nav class="usa-footer__nav">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="add-list-reset grid-row grid-gap">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="mobile-lg:grid-col-4 desktop:grid-col-2 usa-footer__primary-content">
|
||
<a href="/about/contact" class="link usa-footer__primary-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2686">Contact OAR</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="mobile-lg:grid-col-4 desktop:grid-col-2 usa-footer__primary-content">
|
||
<a href="http://eepurl.com/dyCBw5" class="link usa-footer__primary-link">Join the OAR Mailing List</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="mobile-lg:grid-col-4 desktop:grid-col-2 usa-footer__primary-content">
|
||
<a href="https://twitter.com/NIH_OAR" class="link usa-footer__primary-link">OAR on X</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="oar-footer__medium__bottom">
|
||
<div class="grid-container">
|
||
<div class="grid-row grid-gap">
|
||
<div class="grid-col-fill">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-footersecondarymenu-menu" id="block-footersecondarymenu">
|
||
|
||
<h2 class="usa-sr-only" id="block-footersecondarymenu-menu">Footer Secondary Menu</h2>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="menu menu--footer-secondary-menu nav">
|
||
<li class="expanded dropdown first">
|
||
<span class="expanded dropdown first dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">Menu-level-1 <span class="caret"></span></span>
|
||
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
|
||
<li class="first">
|
||
<a href="https://www.nih.gov/" class="first">NIH Home</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="http://www.nih.gov/about-nih/visitor-information">Visitor Information</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="/about/oarac/frequently-asked-questions"> Frequently Asked Questions</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="last">
|
||
<a href="http://www.nih.gov/web-policies-notices" class="last">Web Policies and Notices</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="expanded dropdown last">
|
||
<span class="expanded dropdown last dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">Menu-level-2 <span class="caret"></span></span>
|
||
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
|
||
<li class="first">
|
||
<a href="http://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/freedom-information-act-office" class="first">Freedom of Information Act</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="http://edi.nih.gov/no-fear-act"> No Fear Act</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="https://oig.hhs.gov/">Office of Inspector General</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="https://www.usa.gov/">USA.gov – Government Made Easy</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="last">
|
||
<a href="https://www.hhs.gov/vulnerability-disclosure-policy/index.html" class="last">HHS Vulnerability Disclosure</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="oar-footer__copyright__block">
|
||
<div class="copyright_text">NIH…Turning Discovery Into Health<span>®</span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="address">National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892</div>
|
||
<div class="services">
|
||
<a href="https://www.hhs.gov/">U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="grid-container usa-footer__return-to-top">
|
||
<a href="#" class="backtotop">
|
||
<img src="/themes/custom/oar/assets/images/angle-arrow-up-white.svg" alt="Return to back"/>
|
||
Top </a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</footer>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery/jquery.min.js?v=3.7.1"></script>
|
||
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/once/once.min.js?v=1.0.1"></script>
|
||
<script src="/core/misc/drupal.js?v=10.4.2"></script>
|
||
<script src="/core/misc/drupal.init.js?v=10.4.2"></script>
|
||
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/tabbable/index.umd.min.js?v=6.2.0"></script>
|
||
<script src="/modules/contrib/extlink/js/extlink.js?v=10.4.2"></script>
|
||
<script src="/core/misc/progress.js?v=10.4.2"></script>
|
||
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/loadjs/loadjs.min.js?v=4.3.0"></script>
|
||
<script src="/core/misc/debounce.js?v=10.4.2"></script>
|
||
<script src="/core/misc/announce.js?v=10.4.2"></script>
|
||
<script src="/core/misc/message.js?v=10.4.2"></script>
|
||
<script src="/core/misc/ajax.js?v=10.4.2"></script>
|
||
<script src="/modules/contrib/google_tag/js/gtag.ajax.js?srhneb"></script>
|
||
<script src="/themes/custom/oar/assets/js/uswds.min.js?v=10.4.2"></script>
|
||
<script src="/themes/custom/oar/js/script.js?v=10.4.2"></script>
|
||
|
||
<!-- We participate in the US government's analytics program. See the data at analytics.usa.gov. -->
|
||
|
||
</body>
|
||
</html>
|