1768 lines
92 KiB
Text
1768 lines
92 KiB
Text
|
||
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
||
<html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#">
|
||
<head>
|
||
<!-- Google Tag Manager -->
|
||
<script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':
|
||
new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],
|
||
j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src=
|
||
'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);
|
||
})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-5B8TQK');</script>
|
||
<!-- End Google Tag Manager -->
|
||
<meta charset="utf-8" />
|
||
<style>body #backtotop {background: #20558A;border-color: #20558A;color: #ffffff;}body #backtotop:hover { background: #153759; border-color: #153759; }</style>
|
||
<meta name="description" content="Learn more about NIDA’s research on improving drug testing to support individual and public health." />
|
||
<meta name="abstract" content="Learn more about NIDA’s research on improving drug testing to support individual and public health." />
|
||
<link rel="canonical" href="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/drug-testing" />
|
||
<meta http-equiv="content-language" content="en" />
|
||
<link rel="image_src" href="https://nida.nih.gov/sites/default/files/images/NIH-NIDA_Drobis_016.optimized.jpg" />
|
||
<meta name="rights" content="Unless otherwise specified, NIDA publications and videos are available for your use and may be reproduced in their entirety without permission from NIDA. Citation of the source is appreciated, using the following language: Source: National Institute on Dr" />
|
||
<meta property="og:site_name" content="National Institute on Drug Abuse" />
|
||
<meta property="og:type" content="article" />
|
||
<meta property="og:url" content="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/drug-testing" />
|
||
<meta property="og:title" content="Drug Testing | National Institute on Drug Abuse" />
|
||
<meta property="og:description" content="Learn more about NIDA’s research on improving drug testing to support individual and public health." />
|
||
<meta property="og:image:url" content="https://nida.nih.gov/sites/default/files/images/NIH-NIDA_Drobis_016.optimized.jpg" />
|
||
<meta property="og:updated_time" content="2024-03-20" />
|
||
<meta property="og:see_also" content="https://nida.nih.gov/frequently-asked-questions" />
|
||
<meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" />
|
||
<meta property="article:author" content="National Institute on Drug Abuse" />
|
||
<meta property="article:publisher" content="National Institute on Drug Abuse" />
|
||
<meta property="article:tag" content="2023" />
|
||
<meta property="article:published_time" content="2023-11-21" />
|
||
<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-03-20" />
|
||
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" />
|
||
<meta name="twitter:description" content="Learn more about NIDA’s research on improving drug testing to support individual and public health." />
|
||
<meta name="twitter:site" content="@NIDAnews" />
|
||
<meta name="twitter:title" content="Drug Testing | National Institute on Drug Abuse" />
|
||
<meta name="twitter:site:id" content="102234123" />
|
||
<meta name="twitter:creator" content="@NIDAnews" />
|
||
<meta name="twitter:creator:id" content="102234123" />
|
||
<meta name="twitter:url" content="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/drug-testing" />
|
||
<meta name="twitter:image" content="https://nida.nih.gov/sites/default/files/images/NIH-NIDA_Drobis_016.optimized.jpg" />
|
||
<meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)" />
|
||
<meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" />
|
||
<meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" />
|
||
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
|
||
<link rel="icon" href="/themes/custom/solstice/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" />
|
||
<link rel="alternate" hreflang="es" href="https://nida.nih.gov/es/areas-de-investigacion/pruebas-de-drogas" />
|
||
<link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/drug-testing" />
|
||
<script>window.a2a_config=window.a2a_config||{};a2a_config.callbacks=[];a2a_config.overlays=[];a2a_config.templates={};a2a_config.icon_color = "#6e6e6e";</script>
|
||
<style>.a2a_svg {border-radius:0 !important;margin-right:.5rem;}
|
||
.addtoany_list a:hover span {opacity:1 !important;}
|
||
.a2a_button_email .a2a_svg:hover {background: #7B0A07 !important;}
|
||
.a2a_button_facebook .a2a_svg:hover {background: #3b5998 !important;}
|
||
.a2a_button_twitter .a2a_svg:hover {background: #1da1f3 !important;}</style>
|
||
|
||
<title>Drug Testing | National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)</title>
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_InVg1HHjYWyOzCTe09Eapo_wO1044xRHatRZAQCji04.css?delta=0&language=en&theme=solstice&include=eJx1jwFuwzAIRS9E4yNZxCYpim08g7Pm9nPbbOu0TULo84Q-H4zRBMvh8BTT0qQYzBg2bzKquhftjW4GYWxQMY8hSIssxf0ioJxrIq-97XS4HxPooUZ5-CoBvXUucnNrkhnTRe1IXFZQSWoc6F--jIsKI83Am4utV0zTOULYKLJJe0n4pZ4PUokQ2NAe6U9xmZOEDSo2XBvWq376fpOpl9rnxHqlCHlcQbdwMmpTwHr3AIyZi7_nJfWyU2scyf1JfeIZdqZ3dY8-ZYk90QfRjqAr" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_3gbubsTJr2_ofy2luTMqdw1FdRBfHwwRzfnuRJoNxfY.css?delta=1&language=en&theme=solstice&include=eJx1jwFuwzAIRS9E4yNZxCYpim08g7Pm9nPbbOu0TULo84Q-H4zRBMvh8BTT0qQYzBg2bzKquhftjW4GYWxQMY8hSIssxf0ioJxrIq-97XS4HxPooUZ5-CoBvXUucnNrkhnTRe1IXFZQSWoc6F--jIsKI83Am4utV0zTOULYKLJJe0n4pZ4PUokQ2NAe6U9xmZOEDSo2XBvWq376fpOpl9rnxHqlCHlcQbdwMmpTwHr3AIyZi7_nJfWyU2scyf1JfeIZdqZ3dY8-ZYk90QfRjqAr" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_MSfs5jQi-gWPyduXgq6hm1p8JaM0wU-W3skWeoXDAY0.css?delta=2&language=en&theme=solstice&include=eJx1jwFuwzAIRS9E4yNZxCYpim08g7Pm9nPbbOu0TULo84Q-H4zRBMvh8BTT0qQYzBg2bzKquhftjW4GYWxQMY8hSIssxf0ioJxrIq-97XS4HxPooUZ5-CoBvXUucnNrkhnTRe1IXFZQSWoc6F--jIsKI83Am4utV0zTOULYKLJJe0n4pZ4PUokQ2NAe6U9xmZOEDSo2XBvWq376fpOpl9rnxHqlCHlcQbdwMmpTwHr3AIyZi7_nJfWyU2scyf1JfeIZdqZ3dY8-ZYk90QfRjqAr" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,400,600,700|Roboto+Slab:100,300,400,700&display=swap" />
|
||
|
||
|
||
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no">
|
||
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/themes/custom/solstice/images/apple-touch-icon.png">
|
||
</head>
|
||
<body class="path-node body">
|
||
<!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) -->
|
||
<noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5B8TQK"
|
||
height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>
|
||
<!-- End Google Tag Manager (noscript) -->
|
||
<a href="#main-content" class="visually-hidden focusable">
|
||
Skip to main content
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas>
|
||
|
||
<div class="l-page-container">
|
||
<div class="mobile-overlay" id="overlay" aria-hidden="true"></div>
|
||
<section class="usa-banner clearfix" >
|
||
<div id="block-solstice-uswdsbanner">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-accordion">
|
||
<header class="usa-banner__header">
|
||
<div class="usa-banner__inner">
|
||
<div class="grid-col-auto">
|
||
<img alt="USA flag icon" aria-hidden="true" class="usa-banner__header-flag" src="/themes/custom/solstice/images/uswds/us_flag_small.png" />
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="grid-col-fill tablet:grid-col-auto" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<p class="usa-banner__header-text">
|
||
An official website of the United States government
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p class="usa-banner__header-action">Here’s how you know</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<button type="button" class="usa-accordion__button usa-banner__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="gov-banner-default-default">
|
||
<span class="usa-banner__button-text">Here’s how you know</span>
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</header>
|
||
<div class="usa-banner__content usa-accordion__content" id="gov-banner-default-default" hidden>
|
||
<div class="grid-row grid-gap-lg">
|
||
<div class="usa-banner__guidance tablet:grid-col-6">
|
||
<img class="usa-banner__icon usa-media-block__img" src="/themes/custom/solstice/images/uswds/icon-dot-gov.svg" role="img" alt="government icon" aria-hidden="true"/>
|
||
<div class="usa-media-block__body">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<strong>Official websites use .gov</strong><br />A
|
||
<strong>.gov</strong> website belongs to an official government
|
||
organization in the United States.
|
||
</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="usa-banner__guidance tablet:grid-col-6">
|
||
<img class="usa-banner__icon usa-media-block__img" src="/themes/custom/solstice/images/uswds/icon-https.svg" role="img" alt="lock icon" aria-hidden="true"/>
|
||
<div class="usa-media-block__body">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<strong>Secure .gov websites use HTTPS</strong><br />A
|
||
<strong>lock</strong> (
|
||
<span class="icon-lock">
|
||
<svg
|
||
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
|
||
width="52"
|
||
height="64"
|
||
viewBox="0 0 52 64"
|
||
class="usa-banner__lock-image"
|
||
role="img"
|
||
aria-labelledby="banner-lock-description-default"
|
||
focusable="false"
|
||
>
|
||
<title id="banner-lock-title-default">Lock</title>
|
||
<desc id="banner-lock-description-default">Locked padlock icon</desc>
|
||
<path
|
||
fill="#000000"
|
||
fill-rule="evenodd"
|
||
d="M26 0c10.493 0 19 8.507 19 19v9h3a4 4 0 0 1 4 4v28a4 4 0 0 1-4 4H4a4 4 0 0 1-4-4V32a4 4 0 0 1 4-4h3v-9C7 8.507 15.507 0 26 0zm0 8c-5.979 0-10.843 4.77-10.996 10.712L15 19v9h22v-9c0-6.075-4.925-11-11-11z"
|
||
/>
|
||
</svg> </span>) or <strong>https://</strong> means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.
|
||
</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<header role="banner" class="header">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="row v-align-middle space-between width-100">
|
||
<div class="header-inner col-12 col-desktop-8">
|
||
<div id="block-solstice-branding" class="site-branding col-10">
|
||
<div class="logo">
|
||
<a href="/" title="NIDA Home" rel="home">
|
||
<img src="/themes/custom/solstice/nida_logo_color-cropped-cropped.svg" alt="NIDA Home" width="282" height="37" />
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<button role="button" aria-label="Menu" aria-haspopup="menu" aria-expanded="false" class="button button-primary button--menu hide-desktop ml-1" id="menu-btn">
|
||
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" class="white-icon svg-inline">
|
||
<path d="M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z"/>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="col-12 col-desktop-4 align-end">
|
||
<div class="top-bar-switcher">
|
||
<div id="block-solstice-globallanguage">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div><a class="" href="/es" lang="es">en español</a></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="block-sitesearchheader">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div> <form method="get" action="/search" class="form-horizontal form-small">
|
||
<label for="search" class="is-vishidden">Search Component</label>
|
||
<input type="search" name="query" id="search" placeholder="Search" required oninvalid="this.setCustomValidity('Please enter at least one keyword.')" oninput="setCustomValidity('')">
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="sort" id="sort" value="_score">
|
||
<button class="button button-primary button--small"><i title="Search" class="fas fa-search"></i></button>
|
||
</form><!-- end search-form -->
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</header>
|
||
|
||
<nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-megamenu-menu" id="block-megamenu" class="primary-nav">
|
||
|
||
<div class="visually-hidden" id="block-megamenu-menu">Mega Menu</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul data-region="primary_menu" class="primary-nav--list row menu menu-level-0">
|
||
<li class="menu-item col primary-nav--list-item menu-item-1">
|
||
<a href="/" class="menu-item menu-item-1 primary-nav--link" data-drupal-link-system-path="<front>">Home</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown secondary-nav">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded col primary-nav--list-item menu-item-2">
|
||
<a href="/research-topics" class="menu-item menu-item--expanded menu-item-2 primary-nav--link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1861">Research Topics</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-default secondary-nav">
|
||
|
||
<div class="nav-section header-content">
|
||
|
||
<div class="section-header">
|
||
|
||
<div><a href="/research-topics">Research Topics</a></div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<ul class="secondary-nav--list menu menu-level-1">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item">
|
||
<a href="/research-topics/addiction-science" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/341">Addiction Science</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item">
|
||
<a href="/research-topics/cannabis">Cannabis (Marijuana)</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item">
|
||
<a href="/research-topics/emerging-drug-trends" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/52514">Emerging Drug Trends</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item">
|
||
<a href="/research-topics/fentanyl" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/50578">Fentanyl</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item">
|
||
<a href="/research-topics/harm-reduction" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/50074">Harm Reduction</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item">
|
||
<a href="/research-topics/heroin" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/331">Heroin</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item">
|
||
<a href="/research-topics/hiv" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/49621">HIV</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item">
|
||
<a href="/research-topics/kratom" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/48990">Kratom</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item">
|
||
<a href="/research-topics/methamphetamine" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/53515">Methamphetamine</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item">
|
||
<a href="/research-topics/opioids" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/52427">Opioids</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item">
|
||
<a href="/research-topics/prevention" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/51497">Prevention</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item">
|
||
<a href="/research-topics/psychedelic-dissociative-drugs" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/50846">Psychedelic and Dissociative Drugs</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item">
|
||
<a href="/research-topics/psilocybin-magic-mushrooms" title="Psilocybin (Magic Mushrooms)" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/51885">Psilocybin (Magic Mushrooms)</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item">
|
||
<a href="/research-topics/syringe-services-programs" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/48992">Syringe Services Programs</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item">
|
||
<a href="/research-topics/stigma-discrimination" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/48993">Stigma and Discrimination</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item">
|
||
<a href="/research-topics/tobacconicotine-vaping" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/337">Tobacco/Nicotine and Vaping</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item">
|
||
<a href="/research-topics/treatment" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/49630">Treatment</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="more-button-container">
|
||
|
||
<div><a href="/research-topics">More Research Topics</a></div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="nav-section">
|
||
|
||
<div class="nav-list-block">
|
||
|
||
<div>
|
||
<div><div class="h2 font-primary text-med-2 mt-0-5">Quick Links</div>
|
||
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a href="/research-topics/parents-educators">Resources for Parents and Educators</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/research-topics/addiction-science/words-matter-preferred-language-talking-about-addiction">Words Matter: Preferred Language</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/research-topics/commonly-used-drugs-charts">Commonly Used Drugs Chart</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/research-topics/publications">NIDA Publications</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/research-topics/trends-statistics/infographics">Infographics</a></li>
|
||
<li><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="9bf223ac-30d7-4c3e-af0a-1c0176830b48" href="/multimedia">Multimedia</a></li>
|
||
</ul></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded col primary-nav--list-item menu-item-3">
|
||
<a href="/research" class="menu-item menu-item--expanded menu-item-3 primary-nav--link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/22803">Research & Training</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-default secondary-nav">
|
||
|
||
<div class="nav-section header-content">
|
||
|
||
<div class="section-header">
|
||
|
||
<div><a href="/research">Research & Training</a></div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<ul class="secondary-nav--list menu menu-level-1">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item">
|
||
<a href="/research/nida-research-programs-activities" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/22824">NIDA Research Programs & Activities</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item">
|
||
<a href="/research/clinical-research" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/22807">Clinical Research</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item">
|
||
<a href="/research/nih-policies-guidance" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/22810">NIH Policies & Guidance</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item">
|
||
<a href="/research/research-data-measures-resources" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/22825">Research Data, Measures, & Resources</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item">
|
||
<a href="/research/research-training-career-development" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/22808">Research Training & Career Development</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item">
|
||
<a href="/research/resources-grants-contracts" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/22809">Resources for Grants & Contracts</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="nav-section">
|
||
|
||
<div class="nav-list-block">
|
||
|
||
<div>
|
||
<div><div class="h2 font-primary text-med-2 mt-0-5">Quick Links</div>
|
||
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a href="/drug-topics/opioids/nidas-role-in-nih-heal-initiative">HEAL Initiative</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/research/research-data-measures-resources/nida-drug-supply-program">NIDA Drug Supply Program</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/research/nih-policies-guidance/clinical-trials-stewardship">Clinical Trials Stewardship</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/research/research-training-career-development/training-career-development-fellowships-grants">Fellowships & Grants</a></li>
|
||
<li><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="09aee0c9-6892-4300-ae47-2065268bbb6c" href="/international">International Program</a></li>
|
||
</ul></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded col primary-nav--list-item menu-item-4">
|
||
<a href="/nidamed-medical-health-professionals" class="menu-item menu-item--expanded menu-item-4 primary-nav--link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/22863">Clinical Resources</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-default secondary-nav">
|
||
|
||
<div class="nav-section header-content">
|
||
|
||
<div class="section-header">
|
||
|
||
<div><a href="/nidamed-medical-health-professionals">NIDAMED: Clinical Resources</a></div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<ul class="secondary-nav--list menu menu-level-1">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item">
|
||
<a href="/nidamed-medical-health-professionals/resources-for-your-professional-discipline-specialty" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/22769">For Your Discipline</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item">
|
||
<a href="/nidamed-medical-health-professionals/health-professions-education" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/22723">Health Professions Education</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item">
|
||
<a href="/nidamed-medical-health-professionals/vaping-marijuana-other-drugs" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/22726">Marijuana and Other Drugs</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item">
|
||
<a href="/nidamed-medical-health-professionals/opioids-pain-management" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/22725">Opioid Crisis and Pain Management</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item">
|
||
<a href="/nidamed-medical-health-professionals/screening-tools-prevention" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/22727">Screening Tools & Prevention</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item">
|
||
<a href="/nidamed-medical-health-professionals/treatment-resources" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/22768">Treatment</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="nav-section">
|
||
|
||
<div class="nav-list-block">
|
||
|
||
<div>
|
||
<div><div class="h2 font-primary text-med-2 mt-0-5">Quick Links</div><ul><li><a href="/nidamed-medical-health-professionals/screening-tools-resources/chart-screening-tools" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="0a7e9511-2db1-4cf1-bb9d-bc35684904d6" data-entity-substitution="canonical">Screening and Assessment Tools Chart</a></li><li><a href="/nidamed-medical-health-professionals/health-professions-education/words-matter-terms-to-use-avoid-when-talking-about-addiction" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="550685bd-7757-4249-8f65-def5bd1b7027" data-entity-substitution="canonical">Words Matter - Terms to Use and Avoid When Talking About Addiction</a></li></ul></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded col primary-nav--list-item menu-item-5">
|
||
<a href="/funding" class="menu-item menu-item--expanded menu-item-5 primary-nav--link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/22854">Grants & Funding</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-default secondary-nav">
|
||
|
||
<div class="nav-section header-content">
|
||
|
||
<div class="section-header">
|
||
|
||
<div><a href="/funding">Grants & Funding</a></div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<ul class="secondary-nav--list menu menu-level-1">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item">
|
||
<a href="/funding/nida-funding-opportunities" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/22851">NIDA Funding Opportunities</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item">
|
||
<a href="/funding/small-business-innovation-research-sbir-technology-transfer-sttr-programs" title="Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Technology Transfer (STTR) Programs" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/47954">Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Technology Transfer (STTR) Programs</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item">
|
||
<a href="/funding/trans-nih-funding-opportunities" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/22852">Trans-NIH Funding Opportunities</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item">
|
||
<a href="/funding/nida-office-acquisitions-contracting" title="NIDA Office of Acquisitions Contracting" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1443">NIDA Office of Acquisitions Contracting</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item">
|
||
<a href="/research/research-data-measures-resources/technology-transfer" title="Technology Transfer" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1451">Technology Transfer</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="nav-section">
|
||
|
||
<div class="nav-list-block">
|
||
|
||
<div>
|
||
<div><div class="h2 font-primary text-med-2 mt-0-5">Quick Links</div>
|
||
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a href="/research/resources-grants-contracts/peer-review">Peer Review</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/research/resources-grants-contracts/grant-contract-application-process/forms">Grant Application Forms</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/research/resources-grants-contracts/grant-contract-application-process">Grants & Contract Application Process</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/funding-app?sort=rel_date:desc&document_types=NOSI&issuing_institution=NIDA%20Primary">NIDA Notice of Special Interest (NOSI)</a></li>
|
||
</ul></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded col primary-nav--list-item menu-item-6">
|
||
<a href="/news-events" class="menu-item menu-item--expanded menu-item-6 primary-nav--link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1860">News & Events</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-default secondary-nav">
|
||
|
||
<div class="nav-section header-content">
|
||
|
||
<div class="section-header">
|
||
|
||
<div><a href="/news-events">News</a></div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<ul class="secondary-nav--list menu menu-level-1">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item">
|
||
<a href="/news-events/news-releases" data-drupal-link-system-path="news-events/news-releases">News Releases</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item">
|
||
<a href="/about-nida/noras-blog" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/36652">Nora's Blog</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item">
|
||
<a href="/news-events/meetings-events" title="Meeting and Events" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/37562">Meetings & Events</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item">
|
||
<a href="/news-events/nida-in-news" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/47623">NIDA in the News</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item">
|
||
<a href="/news-events/nida-asks" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/51529">NIDA Asks</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="nav-section">
|
||
|
||
<div class="nav-list-block">
|
||
|
||
<div>
|
||
<div><div class="h2 font-primary text-med-2 mt-0-5">Quick Links</div>
|
||
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a href="/news-events/contact-press-office">Contact the Press Office</a><br>
|
||
<a href="mailto:media@nida.nih.gov" title="mailto:media@nida.nih.gov">media@nida.nih.gov</a><br>
|
||
<span>301-443-6245</span></li>
|
||
</ul></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded col primary-nav--list-item menu-item-7">
|
||
<a href="/about-nida" class="menu-item menu-item--expanded menu-item-7 primary-nav--link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2389">About NIDA</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-default secondary-nav">
|
||
|
||
<div class="nav-section header-content">
|
||
|
||
<div class="section-header">
|
||
|
||
<div><a href="/about-nida">About NIDA</a></div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<ul class="secondary-nav--list menu menu-level-1">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item">
|
||
<a href="/about-nida/advisory-boards-groups" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3422">Advisory Boards and Review Groups</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item">
|
||
<a href="/about-nida/directors-page" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2340">Director's Page</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item">
|
||
<a href="/about-nida/legislative-activities" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2390">Legislative Activities</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item">
|
||
<a href="/about-nida/organization" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3228">Organization</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="menu-item secondary-nav--list-item">
|
||
<a href="/about-nida/working-nida" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/36660">Working at NIDA</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmega-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="nav-section">
|
||
|
||
<div class="nav-list-block">
|
||
|
||
<div>
|
||
<div><div class="h2 font-primary text-med-2 mt-0-5">Quick Links</div><ul><li><a href="/about-nida/legislative-activities/budget-information">FY Budget Information</a></li><li><a href="/about-nida/organization/cctn/clinical-trials-network-ctn">Clinical Trials Network</a></li><li><a href="/about-nida/frequently-asked-questions">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li><li><a href="/about-nida/contact-us">Contact Us</a></li></ul></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="breadcrumb">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<div id="block-solstice-breadcrumbs">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="system-breadcrumb">
|
||
<div id="system-breadcrumb" class="visually-hidden">Breadcrumb</div>
|
||
<ol class="breadcrumb-list no-bullets">
|
||
<li class="breadcrumb-list-item">
|
||
<a href="/">Home</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="breadcrumb-list-item">
|
||
<a href="/research-topics">Research Topics</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="breadcrumb-list-item">
|
||
Drug Testing
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
<div class="content-inner">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<main role="main" class="main inner">
|
||
<a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a>
|
||
<div class="above-content relative">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<div id="block-nidapagetitle">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<h1 class="h1 l-inner-b">
|
||
|
||
<span>Drug Testing</span>
|
||
|
||
</h1>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="language-switcher-language-url formats-list-block title-area font-secondary" id="block-languageswitcher-2" role="navigation">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="links formats-list no-bullets"><li hreflang="es" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/51730" class="formats-list-item language"> <span lang="es"><a href="/es/areas-de-investigacion/pruebas-de-drogas" class="language-link" hreflang="es" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/51730">En español</a></span>
|
||
</li></ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="main-wrapper">
|
||
|
||
<div class="layout-center-content ">
|
||
|
||
<div>
|
||
<div class="content-river">
|
||
<div id="block-nida-vic-adaptive-system-main">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<article data-history-node-id="51730">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<div class="topic-intro-wrapper topic-intro-wrapper--research-topic full-width-wrapper l-section--accent-rt pb-1-2 mb-2-4">
|
||
<div class="topic-intro full-width-contents l-inner-sides row-no-wrap-d">
|
||
|
||
<div class="col-desktop-8 col-12">
|
||
<div class="l-card height-100 rt-highlights--wrapper">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div><h2>Highlights</h2><div class="align-right image-medium">
|
||
|
||
<div class="media-image">
|
||
|
||
<div>
|
||
<div class="visually-hidden">Image</div>
|
||
<div> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/content_image_medium/public/images/NIH-NIDA_Drobis_016.optimized.jpg?itok=n-n7QdfE" width="426" height="284" alt="A photo of a medical professional wearing latex gloves and holding a specimen cup ">
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<span class="image-credit">
|
||
|
||
<div>NIDA Image</div>
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<ul><li>Drug testing looks for the presence or absence of specific drugs in a biological sample, such as urine, blood, or hair. Drug testing cannot diagnose a substance use disorder. As a <a href="#drug-testing-used">tool in substance use treatment programs</a>, drug testing can monitor a patient’s progress and inform their treatment. Substance use treatment programs should not use drug testing results alone to discharge patients from treatment. Drug testing is also used in workplace and justice settings.</li><li>While <a href="#performed">multiple test options</a> are available, urine drug screening is most common. An initial urine drug screen can deliver rapid results but can be <a href="#accurate">affected by factors, such as certain medications, that can cause incorrect results (called a false positive or a false negative)</a>. If an initial test is positive, health care providers can order a sensitive and specific confirmatory test. For all testing methods, <a href="#confirmed">accurate interpretation</a> may require consultations with specialists such as Medical Review Officers (MRO) and medical toxicologists.</li><li>NIDA supports and conducts <a href="#advancing-research">research to improve drug testing</a> by investigating more accurate and accessible technologies and applying drug testing in new ways to support individual and public health. NIDA does not administer drug testing programs, <a href="#interpreting">assist in interpreting drug test results</a>, or manufacture, regulate, or distribute drug screening products. Learn more about drug testing regulation from the <a href="https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/in-vitro-diagnostics/drugs-abuse-tests">U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)</a> and about workplace drug testing from the <a href="https://www.samhsa.gov/workplace">Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMSHA)</a>.</li></ul></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div> </div>
|
||
</div> </div>
|
||
<div class="content-inner research-topic-inner">
|
||
<aside class="layout-sidebar-left" role="complementary">
|
||
<h2 class="research-topic-inner--title"><a href="/research-topics">Research Topics</a></h2>
|
||
<div class="research-topic-inner--content">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<div class="visually-hidden">Related Topic Pages</div>
|
||
<div>
|
||
<div><span>Drug Testing</span></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</aside>
|
||
|
||
<article class="main">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div>
|
||
<div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--accordion paragraph--view-mode--default iq-accordion mb-2-4">
|
||
<button class="button button-primary button--small expand" aria-label="Expand All">Expand All</button>
|
||
|
||
<div>
|
||
<div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="paragraph paragraph--type--accordion-row iq-accordion--row paragraph--view-mode--default clear-both mt-0-0">
|
||
|
||
<button id="drug-test" class="iq-accordion--heading" aria-expanded="false"><h2>What is a drug test?</h2><span class="iq-accordion--toggle closed h3"></span></button>
|
||
<div class="iq-accordion--content" aria-hidden="true"><p>A drug test looks for the presence or absence of a drug in a biological sample, such as urine, blood, or hair. Drug tests may also look for drug metabolites in the sample. A drug metabolite is a substance made or used when the body breaks down (or “metabolizes”) a drug.</p><p>Drug tests target only <a href="#detect">specific drugs or drug classes</a> above a predetermined cutoff level.<a href="#references"><sup>1</sup></a> A cutoff level is a point of measurement at or above which a result is considered positive and below which a result is considered negative. For example, in workplace drug testing the federal cutoff level for a cannabis drug test in urine is 50ng/mL. A test result below 50ng/mL will be reported as negative even if the result is above 0. This cutoff level helps to limit <a href="#accurate">false positive</a>s.<a href="#references"><sup>2</sup></a></p><p>Drug testing is different than “<a href="/research-topics/drug-checking" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="aa703ca1-d22a-4925-98b4-8124e1a566ea" data-entity-substitution="canonical">drug checking</a>,” which helps people who use drugs determine which chemicals are found in the substance they intend to take. Drug checking is a type of <a href="/research-topics/harm-reduction" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="d8ed3bbd-a102-4d4b-b5a4-815d8b569475" data-entity-substitution="canonical">harm reduction</a>.</p></div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="paragraph paragraph--type--accordion-row iq-accordion--row paragraph--view-mode--default clear-both mt-0-0">
|
||
|
||
<button id="difference" class="iq-accordion--heading" aria-expanded="false"><h2>What is the difference between a drug screen and a confirmatory drug test? </h2><span class="iq-accordion--toggle closed h3"></span></button>
|
||
<div class="iq-accordion--content" aria-hidden="true"><p>Usually, drug testing involves a two-step process: an initial drug screen and a confirmatory test.</p><ul><li><strong>Initial drug screens</strong> or <strong>presumptive drug tests</strong> are used to identify possible use of a drug or drug class. These tools are also called point-of-care testing and are useful because they can produce rapid results. Initial urine drug screens use the immunoassay method for analysis, which uses antibodies to detect drugs at the molecular level.</li><li><strong>Confirmatory</strong> or <strong>definitive tests</strong> either verify or refute the result of an initial screen. These tests are more specific, more sensitive, and results take longer because they are sent to a laboratory. These tests use methods called gas chromatography/mass spectrometry or liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry to analyze samples. The results can indicate specific drugs and provide more exact information about how much of a drug is present.<a href="#references"><sup>1,3</sup></a></li></ul><p>If an initial drug screen is positive, a second round of more precise confirmatory testing is done to confirm or rule out that positive result.</p></div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="paragraph paragraph--type--accordion-row iq-accordion--row paragraph--view-mode--default clear-both mt-0-0">
|
||
|
||
<button id="detect" class="iq-accordion--heading" aria-expanded="false"><h2>What substances do drug tests detect?</h2><span class="iq-accordion--toggle closed h3"></span></button>
|
||
<div class="iq-accordion--content" aria-hidden="true"><p>Drug tests are commonly used to detect five categories of drugs as defined by the federally mandated workplace drug testing guidelines, although health care providers can order additional tests, if needed.<a href="#references"><sup>2,3</sup></a> This list may also change as new drugs enter the drug supply.<a href="#references"><sup>4</sup></a></p><p>These drug tests are usually urine tests, though other biological samples can also be used:<a href="#references"><sup>2</sup></a></p><ol><li>Amphetamines, including <a href="/publications/research-reports/methamphetamine/overview">methamphetamine</a></li><li><a href="/research-topics/cannabis-marijuana">Cannabis</a> (marijuana), which tests for cannabinoid metabolites, including THC metabolites</li><li><a href="/research-topics/cocaine">Cocaine</a>, which tests for benzoylecgonine, a cocaine metabolite</li><li><a href="/research-topics/opioids">Opioids</a>, a class of drugs that includes heroin, synthetic opioids such as fentanyl, and pain relievers like oxycodone (OxyContin<sup>®</sup>), hydrocodone (Vicodin<sup>®</sup>), codeine, and morphine. This category will have separate tests depending on which opioid is being tested. There is currently no drug test that tests for all opioids.</li><li><a href="/research-topics/psychedelic-dissociative-drugs">Phencyclidine (PCP)</a></li></ol><p>Drug tests can also detect additional categories of drugs:</p><ol start="6"><li><a href="/publications/drugfacts/prescription-cns-depressants">Barbiturates</a></li><li><a href="/publications/drugfacts/prescription-cns-depressants">Benzodiazepines</a></li><li><a href="/research-topics/alcohol">Alcohol</a></li><li><a href="/research-topics/mdma-ecstasymolly">MDMA/MDA (Ecstasy/Molly)</a></li><li><a href="/publications/research-reports/medications-to-treat-opioid-addiction/overview">Methadone</a></li></ol></div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="paragraph paragraph--type--accordion-row iq-accordion--row paragraph--view-mode--default clear-both mt-0-0">
|
||
|
||
<button id="advancing-research" class="iq-accordion--heading" aria-expanded="false"><h2>How is NIDA advancing research on drug testing?</h2><span class="iq-accordion--toggle closed h3"></span></button>
|
||
<div class="iq-accordion--content" aria-hidden="true"><p>NIDA supports and conducts research to improve drug testing methods by investigating more accurate and accessible technologies and applying drug testing in new ways to support individual and public health. This research includes efforts to develop new highly specific and sensitive tests for urine, breath, and sweat. It also includes the development of innovative technologies such as wearable sensors that can test for drugs in real time.</p><p>NIDA also supports the <a href="https://ndews.org/">National Drug Early Warning System</a>, which helps collect and share information on emerging drugs that may inform the development of drug tests.</p><p>NIDA does not administer drug testing programs, assist in <a href="#interpreting">interpreting drug test results</a>, or manufacture, regulate, or distribute drug screening products. Learn more about drug testing regulation from the <a href="https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/in-vitro-diagnostics/drugs-abuse-tests">U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)</a> and about workplace drug testing from the <a href="https://www.samhsa.gov/workplace">Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMSHA)</a>.</p></div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="paragraph paragraph--type--accordion-row iq-accordion--row paragraph--view-mode--default clear-both mt-0-0">
|
||
|
||
<button id="used" class="iq-accordion--heading" aria-expanded="false"><h2>What is drug testing used for?</h2><span class="iq-accordion--toggle closed h3"></span></button>
|
||
<div class="iq-accordion--content" aria-hidden="true"><p>Drug testing is used to find out whether a person has used a substance in the recent past. Drug testing can sometimes also detect passive exposure to drugs, such as secondhand smoke or prenatal exposure. The length of time following exposure that a drug can be detected during testing can vary.</p><p>Drug testing cannot diagnose a substance use disorder.<a href="#references"><sup>2</sup></a></p><p>A drug test may be used for different reasons, including:</p><ul><li>Supporting the clinical aims of <a href="#drug-testing-used"><strong>substance use disorder treatment</strong></a>.</li><li><strong>A medical assessment</strong>, such as during emergency department visits for unintentional poisoning, attempts at self-harm, or environmental exposures. In these cases, point-of-care testing is used to help diagnose and manage patients whose symptoms may be related to drug use.<a href="#references"><sup>5,6</sup></a> Newborns can also be tested for possible prenatal exposure to illicit drugs using urine, blood, meconium (an infant’s first bowl movement), hair, or umbilical cord samples.<a href="#references"><sup>7</sup></a></li><li><strong>Preventing prescription drug misuse.</strong> Some health care providers will schedule or order random urine drug testing while prescribing controlled substances, such as opioids, stimulants, and depressants. However, this practice is not standardized.<a href="#references"><sup>8,9</sup></a></li><li><strong>Employment.</strong> Employers may require drug testing as part of a drug-free workplace program. Drug testing is required by federal law in some workplaces, including safety and security-sensitive industries like transportation, law enforcement, and national security.</li><li><strong>Legal evidence.</strong> Drug testing may be part of a criminal or motor vehicle accident investigation or ordered as part of a court case.</li><li><strong>Athletics.</strong> Professional and other athletes are tested for drugs that are used to improve performance (sometimes referred to as “doping”). The U.S. Anti-Doping Agency conducts this testing.</li><li><strong>Recovery residences.</strong> Communities of people in recovery from substance use disorders may use drug testing to monitor abstinence of residents.<a href="#references"><sup>10</sup></a> </li></ul></div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="paragraph paragraph--type--accordion-row iq-accordion--row paragraph--view-mode--default clear-both mt-0-0">
|
||
|
||
<button id="performed" class="iq-accordion--heading" aria-expanded="false"><h2>How are drug tests performed?</h2><span class="iq-accordion--toggle closed h3"></span></button>
|
||
<div class="iq-accordion--content" aria-hidden="true"><p>Urine is the preferred and most used biological sample for drug testing, as it is available in large amounts, contains higher concentrations of drugs and metabolites than blood, and does not require needles.<a href="#references"><sup>11</sup></a> Urine drug tests are also available during point-of-care, or outside the laboratory (e.g., doctor’s office, hospital, ambulance, at home).<a href="#references"><sup>12</sup></a></p><p>Less commonly, drug testing may use blood or serum, oral fluid (saliva), breath, sweat, hair, or fingernails.<a href="#references"><sup>1</sup></a></p><p>There are <a href="https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/drugs-abuse-tests/drugs-abuse-home-use-test">FDA-approved</a> at-home drug tests (urine or saliva) readily available at pharmacies. It is important to follow specific instructions and send a urine sample to a laboratory for confirmation.</p></div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="paragraph paragraph--type--accordion-row iq-accordion--row paragraph--view-mode--default clear-both mt-0-0">
|
||
|
||
<button id="drug-testing-used" class="iq-accordion--heading" aria-expanded="false"><h2>How is drug testing used during treatment for substance use disorders?</h2><span class="iq-accordion--toggle closed h3"></span></button>
|
||
<div class="iq-accordion--content" aria-hidden="true"><p>Urine drug screening can be an important tool for substance use disorder treatment.<a href="#references"><sup>13</sup></a> Health care providers can use urine drug screens to follow a patient’s progress. Test results are used to determine whether dosing adjustments or other treatment interventions are needed. After <a href="#positive-during-treatment">unexpected results</a>, patients and health care providers can speak openly about treatment and progress to better tailor the treatment to the patient’s needs.<a href="#references"><sup>10,13</sup></a></p><p>Federal guidelines for <a href="https://dpt2.samhsa.gov/treatment/directory.aspx">Opioid Treatment Programs</a> require drug testing. Urine drug tests are often administered as part of the intake process to confirm substance use history and as a routine part of therapy.<a href="#references"><sup>14</sup></a></p><p>Understanding the <a href="#limitations">limits of urine drug screening and other toxicology testing</a> is an important part of making treatment decisions. Drug testing is never the sole determinant when making patient care decisions.<a href="#references"><sup>10</sup></a></p><p>Contingency management is a behavioral therapy that uses motivational incentives including tangible rewards for drug-negative urine specimens. Contingency management has been demonstrated to be highly effective in the treatment of substance use disorders including addiction to stimulants.<a href="#references"><sup>15</sup></a> </p></div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="paragraph paragraph--type--accordion-row iq-accordion--row paragraph--view-mode--default clear-both mt-0-0">
|
||
|
||
<button id="positive-during-treatment" class="iq-accordion--heading" aria-expanded="false"><h2>What happens if a drug test result is positive during substance use disorder treatment?</h2><span class="iq-accordion--toggle closed h3"></span></button>
|
||
<div class="iq-accordion--content" aria-hidden="true"><p>If a drug test result is positive during substance use disorder treatment, health care providers may prescribe additional or alternative treatments. Drug test results should not be used as the sole factor when making patient care decisions, including discharge decisions.<a href="#references"><sup>10,13</sup></a> It is best practice for addiction treatment providers to avoid responding punitively to a positive drug test or using it as the basis for expelling someone from treatment. However, actual consequences of a positive drug test during substance use treatment may depend on state laws and the individual program.</p><p>Recovery residences (e.g., sober living homes) may also use drug testing to monitor the abstinence of residents, and residents may be expelled on the basis of positive drug tests. However, it is important that expulsion should not prevent or interfere with the individual continuing to receive outpatient addiction treatment.<a href="#references"><sup>10</sup></a></p></div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="paragraph paragraph--type--accordion-row iq-accordion--row paragraph--view-mode--default clear-both mt-0-0">
|
||
|
||
<button id="limitations" class="iq-accordion--heading" aria-expanded="false"><h2>What are the limitations of drug testing? </h2><span class="iq-accordion--toggle closed h3"></span></button>
|
||
<div class="iq-accordion--content" aria-hidden="true"><p>Urine drug tests do not provide information regarding the length of time since last ingestion, overall duration of use, or state of intoxication.<a href="#references"><sup>16</sup></a></p><p>Sometimes urine can be difficult to obtain due to dehydration, urinary retention (the person is unable to empty their bladder), or other reasons.<a href="#references"><sup>17</sup></a></p><p>Drug testing can be a useful tool, but it should not be the only tool for making decisions. Drug testing results should be considered alongside a patient’s self-reports, treatment history, psychosocial assessment, physical examination, and a practitioner’s clinical judgment.<a href="#references"><sup>2,18</sup></a></p><p>Drug testing can also produce false positives and false negatives.</p></div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="paragraph paragraph--type--accordion-row iq-accordion--row paragraph--view-mode--default clear-both mt-0-0">
|
||
|
||
<button id="accurate" class="iq-accordion--heading" aria-expanded="false"><h2>How accurate are drug tests? Can a drug test result in a false positive or false negative?</h2><span class="iq-accordion--toggle closed h3"></span></button>
|
||
<div class="iq-accordion--content" aria-hidden="true"><p>All tests have limitations, and false positives or false negatives can occur.<a href="#references"><sup>1</sup></a></p><p><strong>A false positive</strong> is when a drug test shows the presence of a substance that isn’t there. This can happen during the initial urine drug screening, which uses the immunoassay method (antibodies to detect drugs at the molecular level). Immunoassays are the most commonly available method of testing for drugs in urine.<a href="#references"><sup>2 </sup></a>Immunoassays rely on a chemical reaction between an antibody and a drug the test is designed to identify. Sometimes the antibodies can react to other chemicals that are similar to the drug—called cross-reactivity. Cross-reactivity can occur with some over-the-counter medicines, prescription medicines, and certain foods, like poppy seeds. For example, some cough and cold medicines, antidepressants, and antibiotics can cause false positive results.<a href="#references"><sup>19,3</sup></a></p><p><strong>A false negative</strong> is when a drug test does not show the presence of a substance that is there. This can happen during the initial urine drug screening. A false negative result can happen when the cutoff level used was set too high, so small amounts of the drug or drug metabolites were missed.<a href="#references"><sup>2</sup></a> False negatives can also happen when contaminants are deliberately ingested or added to urine to interfere with a test’s ability to detect a drug’s presence.<a href="#references"><sup>20</sup></a></p><p>Laboratory errors can also result in false positives or false negatives.</p><p>A <a href="#difference">confirmatory test</a> can be performed to confirm the initial screening test results. A medical review officer can also interview the patient and review the lab results to help resolve any discrepancies.<a href="#references"><sup>1,14</sup></a></p></div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="paragraph paragraph--type--accordion-row iq-accordion--row paragraph--view-mode--default clear-both mt-0-0">
|
||
|
||
<button id="confirmed" class="iq-accordion--heading" aria-expanded="false"><h2>How are drug test results confirmed?</h2><span class="iq-accordion--toggle closed h3"></span></button>
|
||
<div class="iq-accordion--content" aria-hidden="true"><p>An essential component of any drug testing program is a comprehensive final review of laboratory results.<a href="#references"><sup>18</sup></a> In federally mandated drug testing programs, this role is often filled by a medical review officer, who will review, verify, and interpret positive test results. Medical review officers provide quality assurance and evaluate medical explanations for certain drug test results. The medical review officer should be a licensed physician with a knowledge of substance use disorders.<a href="#references"><sup>21</sup></a></p><p>To avoid misinterpreting drug test results, health care providers can use experts in the field. This includes clinical chemists or medical toxicologists at hospitals, clinics, or poison control centers. Expert assistance with toxicology interpretations can improve the accuracy of drug test results. </p></div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="paragraph paragraph--type--accordion-row iq-accordion--row paragraph--view-mode--default clear-both mt-0-0">
|
||
|
||
<button id="interpreting" class="iq-accordion--heading" aria-expanded="false"><h2>Can NIDA assist me with interpreting or disputing the results of a drug screen?</h2><span class="iq-accordion--toggle closed h3"></span></button>
|
||
<div class="iq-accordion--content" aria-hidden="true"><p>NIDA is a biomedical research organization and does not provide personal medical advice, legal consultation, or medical review services to the public. While NIDA-supported research may inform the development and validation of drug-screening technologies, NIDA does not manufacture, regulate, or distribute laboratory or at-home drug screening products. The <a href="https://www.fda.gov/">U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA</a>) regulates most of these products in the United States. Those with concerns about drug screening results may consider reaching out to the drug-screening program or a qualified health care professional. For more information on workplace drug screening, please visit the <a href="https://www.samhsa.gov/workplace">Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMSHA) Division of Workplace Programs</a> website.</p></div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="paragraph paragraph--type--summary-cards-row-of-2 paragraph--view-mode--default l-section">
|
||
<div class="l-inner-b card-grid">
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="mb-3-6"><div class="views-element-container" id="block-views-block-latest-from-nida-block-16">
|
||
|
||
<h2>Latest from NIDA</h2>
|
||
|
||
<div><div class="media-list js-view-dom-id-07e0828b9ff36e0c7f6ce009d840c14701568656f2549041987f7315d64bbacc">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="media-list-item ">
|
||
<article data-history-node-id="51534">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="media-item row v-align-middle">
|
||
<div class="media-item-image col-4">
|
||
<a href="/news-events/nida-asks/what-do-drug-tests-really-tell-us">
|
||
|
||
<div><div class="featured-card">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div>
|
||
<div class="visually-hidden">Image</div>
|
||
<div> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/featured_card/public/images/gettyimages-3275-000045.trafficlightscropped.jpg?h=10d202d3&itok=Hvw6GZ90" width="600" height="400" alt="Image of many traffic lights together" />
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="media-item-content col-8">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="tags tag-nidaasks"><a href="/news-events/nida-asks">NIDA Asks</a></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<h3 class="media-item-title">
|
||
<a href="/news-events/nida-asks/what-do-drug-tests-really-tell-us" rel="bookmark">
|
||
<span>What do drug tests really tell us?</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</h3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="media-item-blurb text-small desktop-only">
|
||
<span class="meta-data date text-small">
|
||
<time datetime="2023-10-27T12:00:00Z">October 27, 2023</time>
|
||
</span> |
|
||
Stephanie Weiss’s research helps labs use drug screening tools appropriately and interpret results correctly
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="media-list-item ">
|
||
<article data-history-node-id="51056">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="media-item row v-align-middle">
|
||
<div class="media-item-image col-4">
|
||
<a href="/news-events/news-releases/2023/06/nih-and-fda-leaders-call-for-more-research-lower-barriers-to-improve-and-implement-drug--checking-tools-amid-overdose-epidemic">
|
||
|
||
<div><div class="featured-card">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div>
|
||
<div class="visually-hidden">Image</div>
|
||
<div> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/featured_card/public/images/gettyimages-513423437.optimized.jpg?h=46e9bf6f&itok=TZuNCWni" width="600" height="400" alt="Rearview of woman's arm with heart-shaped tattoo standing at an outdoor music festival." />
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="media-item-content col-8">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="tags tag-newspaper"><a href="/news-events/news-releases">News Release</a></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<h3 class="media-item-title">
|
||
<a href="/news-events/news-releases/2023/06/nih-and-fda-leaders-call-for-more-research-lower-barriers-to-improve-and-implement-drug--checking-tools-amid-overdose-epidemic" rel="bookmark">
|
||
<span>NIH and FDA leaders call for more research, lower barriers to improve and implement drug- checking tools amid overdose epidemic</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</h3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="media-item-blurb text-small desktop-only">
|
||
<span class="meta-data date text-small">
|
||
<time datetime="2023-06-12T12:00:00Z">June 12, 2023</time>
|
||
</span> |
|
||
Tools such as fentanyl test strips hold promise to reduce drug-related harms and save lives
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="media-list-item ">
|
||
<article data-history-node-id="50287">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="media-item row v-align-middle">
|
||
<div class="media-item-image col-4">
|
||
<a href="/news-events/news-releases/2022/12/nih-launches-harm-reduction-research-network-to-prevent-overdose-fatalities">
|
||
|
||
<div><div class="featured-card">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div>
|
||
<div class="visually-hidden">Image</div>
|
||
<div> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/featured_card/public/images/220721-nida-naloxone.jpg?h=1c9b88c9&itok=OMIGzKKA" width="600" height="400" alt="Close-up of a person's hands holding a red bag with a box of naloxone nasal spray inside." />
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="media-item-content col-8">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="tags tag-newspaper"><a href="/news-events/news-releases">News Release</a></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<h3 class="media-item-title">
|
||
<a href="/news-events/news-releases/2022/12/nih-launches-harm-reduction-research-network-to-prevent-overdose-fatalities" rel="bookmark">
|
||
<span>NIH launches harm reduction research network to prevent overdose fatalities</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</h3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="media-item-blurb text-small desktop-only">
|
||
<span class="meta-data date text-small">
|
||
<time datetime="2022-12-16T12:00:00Z">December 16, 2022</time>
|
||
</span> |
|
||
Scientists will test community-based approaches to prevent drug overdoses, curb high death rates
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<footer>
|
||
<a href="/search?sort=_score&language=en&research_topic=Drug%20Checking" class="button button-primary-alt button--small">View More</a>
|
||
</footer>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div>
|
||
<div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="paragraph paragraph--type--full-width-text paragraph--view-mode--default l-inner-b">
|
||
|
||
<h2 class="h2 pb-1-2">
|
||
Find More Resources on Drug Testing
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
<div><ul><li>Learn more about drug test regulation from the <a href="https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/in-vitro-diagnostics/drugs-abuse-tests">U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)</a>.</li><li>Learn more about workplace drug-testing programs from the <a href="https://www.samhsa.gov/workplace/drug-testing-resources">Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)</a>.</li><li>Find basic drug testing information from <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/drug-testing/">MedlinePlus</a>, a service of NIH’s National Library of Medicine (NLM).</li><li>Find information about drug testing in child welfare from the <a href="https://ncsacw.acf.hhs.gov/topics/drug-testing/">National Center on Substance Abuse and Child Welfare</a>. </li></ul></div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="iq-accordion iq-accordion--references clear-both mb-2-4 pt-0-6">
|
||
<button id="references" class="iq-accordion--heading" aria-expanded="false"><h2>References</h2><span class="iq-accordion--toggle closed h3"></span></button>
|
||
<div class="iq-accordion--content" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<div><ol><li>McNeil SE, Chen RJ, Cogburn M. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459334/">Drug testing</a>. In: <em>StatPearls</em>. StatPearls Publishing; January 16, 2023.</li><li>Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. <a href="https://store.samhsa.gov/product/TAP-32-Clinical-Drug-Testing-Primary-Care/SMA12-4668">Clinical drug testing in primary care</a>. <em>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Technical Assistance Publication Series</em>, No. 32 2012. Accessed May 3, 2023</li><li>Moeller KE, Lee KC, Kissack JC. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18174009/">Urine drug screening: practical guide for clinicians</a>. <em>Mayo Clin Proc</em>. 2008;83(1):66-76. doi:10.4065/83.1.66</li><li>Gerona RR, French D. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36427911/">Drug testing in the era of new psychoactive substances</a>. <em>Adv Clin Chem</em>. 2022; 111:217-263. doi:10.1016/bs.acc.2022.08.001</li><li>Mukherji P, Azhar Y, Sharma S. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499901/">Toxicology screening</a>. <em>StatPearls</em>. Updated August 8, 2022. Accessed May 3, 2023.</li><li>Bhalla A. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25337490/">Bedside point of care toxicology screens in the ED: Utility and pitfalls</a>. <em>Int J Crit Illn Inj Sci</em>. 2014;4(3):257-260. doi:10.4103/2229-5151.141476</li><li>Farst KJ, Valentine JL, Hall RW. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21785611/">Drug testing for newborn exposure to illicit substances in pregnancy: pitfalls and pearls</a>. <em>Int J Pediatr</em>. 2011;2011:951616. doi:10.1155/2011/951616</li><li>Chakravarthy K, Goel A, Jeha GM, Kaye AD, Christo PJ. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33598816/">Review of the Current State of Urine Drug Testing in Chronic Pain: Still Effective as a Clinical Tool and Curbing Abuse, or an Arcane Test?</a>. <em>Curr Pain Headache Rep</em>. 2021;25(2):12. Published 2021 Feb 17. doi:10.1007/s11916-020-00918-z</li><li>Raouf M, Bettinger JJ, Fudin J. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30766353/">A practical guide to urine drug monitoring</a>. <em>Fed Pract</em>. 2018;35(4):38-44.</li><li>Jarvis M, Williams J, Hurford M, et al. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28557958/">Appropriate use of drug testing in clinical addiction medicine</a>. <em>J Addict Med</em>. 2017;11(3):163-173. doi:10.1097/ADM.0000000000000323</li><li>Kapur BM. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7920539/">Drug-testing methods and clinical interpretations of test results</a>. <em>Bull Narc</em>. 1993;45(2):115-154.</li><li>Hadland SE, Levy S. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4920965/">Objective Testing: Urine and Other Drug Tests</a>. <em>Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am</em>. 2016;25(3):549-565. doi:10.1016/j.chc.2016.02.005</li><li>Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK64093/">Substance abuse: Clinical issues in intensive outpatient treatment</a>. <em>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series</em>, No. 47 2006. Accessed May 3, 2023.</li><li><em>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</em>. <a href="https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/d7/priv/pep15-fedguideotp.pdf">Federal guidelines for opioid treatment programs</a>. Published January 2015. Accessed May 3, 2023.</li><li>Petry NM. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3083448/">Contingency management: what it is and why psychiatrists should want to use it</a>. <em>Psychiatrist</em>. 2011;35(5):161-163. doi:10.1192/pb.bp.110.031831</li><li>Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. <a href="https://store.samhsa.gov/product/TAP-32-Clinical-Drug-Testing-Primary-Care/SMA12-4668">Clinical drug testing in primary care</a>. <em>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Technical Assistance Publication Series</em>, No. 32 2012. Accessed May 3, 2023</li><li>Dobrek L. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37513941/">Lower Urinary Tract Disorders as Adverse Drug Reactions-A Literature Review</a>. <em>Pharmaceuticals</em> (Basel). 2023;16(7):1031. Published 2023 Jul 20. doi:10.3390/ph16071031</li><li>Chua I, Petrides AK, Schiff GD, et al. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31713040/">Provider Misinterpretation, Documentation, and Follow-Up of Definitive Urine Drug Testing Results</a>. <em>J Gen Intern Med</em>. 2020;35(1):283-290. doi:10.1007/s11606-019-05514-5</li><li>Reisfield GM, Teitelbaum SA, Jones JT. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36181466/">Poppy seed consumption may be associated with codeine-only urine drug test results</a>. <em>J Anal Toxicol</em>. 2023;47(2):107-113. doi:10.1093/jat/bkac079</li><li>Kale N. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30600984/">Urine Drug Tests: Ordering and interpreting results</a>. <em>Am Fam Physician</em>. 2019;99(1):33-39.</li><li>Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Division of Workplace Programs. <a href="https://www.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/2020-mro-manual.pdf">Medical review officer guidance manual for federal workplace drug testing programs</a>. <em>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</em>. 2020. Accessed April 20, 2023.</li></ol></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
|
||
<aside class="layout-sidebar-right article-aside" role="complementary">
|
||
<div class="citation-block" id="block-citation">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="citation">
|
||
<button class="citation-header button button-primary-alt button--small" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0">
|
||
<span class="pointer-background"><i class="fas fa-quote-left"></i> Cite this article</span>
|
||
</button>
|
||
<div class="citation-content">
|
||
<div class="tabs-wrapper">
|
||
<button class="tab-button active button button-secondary-alt button--small" data-click="selectme1">APA Style</button>
|
||
<button class="tab-button button button-secondary-alt button--small" data-click="selectme2">MLA Style</button>
|
||
<button class="tab-button button button-secondary-alt button--small" data-click="selectme3">AMA Style</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="selectme1" class="selectme">
|
||
<p>
|
||
NIDA. 2023, November 21. Drug Testing. Retrieved from https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/drug-testing on 2025, February 23 </p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="selectme2" class="selectme" style="display:none;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
NIDA. "Drug Testing." <em>National Institute on Drug Abuse</em>, 21 Nov. 2023, https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/drug-testing Accessed 23 Feb. 2025. </p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="selectme3" class="selectme" style="display:none;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
NIDA. Drug Testing. National Institute on Drug Abuse website. https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/drug-testing. November 21, 2023 Accessed February 23, 2025. </p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="copy-message">
|
||
<span class="smaller">press ctrl+c to copy</span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="block-addtoanybuttons" class="mt-0-5">
|
||
<span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/drug-testing" data-a2a-title="Drug Testing"><p class="sidebar-heading a2a-buttons--heading">Share this Page</p><div class="a2a-buttons--flex"><a class="a2a_button_email"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_x"></a><a class="a2a_button_linkedin"></a><a class="a2a_button_print"></a></div></span>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="emergency-block--wrapper">
|
||
<div id="block-inanemergencyredbox">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div><div class="emergency-box l-padding" style="font-size:90%!important;">
|
||
<h2 class="h3">In an emergency? Need treatment?</h2>
|
||
<div class="expand-button expand-button--plus expand-button--icon-before font-primary js-expandmore">Expand for more information</div>
|
||
<div id="emergency-resources" class="js-to_expand long-url-wrap">
|
||
<h3>IN AN EMERGENCY:</h3>
|
||
<ul style="margin-left:1.3rem;">
|
||
<li><strong>Are you or someone you know experiencing severe symptoms or in immediate danger?</strong>
|
||
Please seek immediate medical attention by <strong>calling 9-1-1</strong> or <strong>visiting an Emergency Department</strong>. Poison control can be reached at <a href="tel:1-800-222-1222" style="color:#A42629; border-color:#A42629;">1-800-222-1222</a> or <a href="https://www.poison.org" style="color:#A42629; border-color:#A42629;">www.poison.org</a>.
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li><strong>Are you or someone you know experiencing a substance use and/or mental health crisis or any other kind of emotional distress?</strong> Please <strong>call or text 988</strong> or chat <a href="https://www.988lifeline.org" style="color:#A42629; border-color:#A42629;">www.988lifeline.org</a> to reach the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline. 988 connects you with a trained crisis counselor who can help.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
<h3>FIND TREATMENT:</h3>
|
||
<ul style="margin-left:1.3rem;">
|
||
<li>For referrals to substance use and mental health treatment programs, call the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Administration (SAMHSA) National Helpline at <a href="tel:1-800-6620-4357" style="color:#A42629; border-color:#A42629;">1-800-662-HELP (4357)</a> or visit <a href="https:///www.findtreatment.gov" style="color:#A42629; border-color:#A42629;">www.FindTreatment.gov</a> to find a qualified healthcare provider in your area.</li>
|
||
<li>For other personal medical advice, please speak to a qualified health professional. Find more health resources on <a href="https://www.usa.gov/health" style="color:#A42629; border-color:#A42629;">USA.gov</a>.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
<h3>DISCLAIMER:</h3>
|
||
|
||
<p><em>The emergency and referral resources listed above are available to individuals located in the United States and are not operated by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). NIDA is a biomedical research organization and does not provide personalized medical advice, treatment, counseling, or legal consultation. Information provided by NIDA is not a substitute for professional medical care or legal consultation.</em></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div></div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</aside>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="research-topic--bottom-matter">
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="article-meta pt-1-2">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="meta-data text-small">
|
||
<span class="date">
|
||
<time datetime="2023-11-21T12:00:00Z">November 2023</time>
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</article>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</main>
|
||
|
||
</div> </div>
|
||
|
||
<footer role="contentinfo" class="footer l-section l-section--dark">
|
||
|
||
<div class="l-inner row no-margin">
|
||
<nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-solstice-footer-menu" id="block-solstice-footer" class="col-12 col-desktop-6">
|
||
|
||
<div class="visually-hidden" id="block-solstice-footer-menu">Footer menu</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="footer-links">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="/" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="<front>">NIDA Home</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="/research-topics" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1861">Research Topics</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="/research" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/22803">Research & Training</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="/nidamed-medical-health-professionals" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/22863">NIDAMED: Clinical Resources</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="/funding" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/22854">Grants & Funding</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="/news-events" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1860">News</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="/about-nida" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2389">About NIDA</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USNIHNIDA/subscriber/new?qsp=USNIHNIDA_3" title="Subscribe" class="link">Subscribe to NIDA e-mail updates</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="/accessibility-section-508-information" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2753">Accessibility and Section 508 Information</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="/privacy-notice" title="Privacy Notice" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2754">Privacy Notice</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="https://www.hhs.gov/vulnerability-disclosure-policy/index.html" class="link">Vulnerability Disclosure (HHS)</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="/freedom-information-act-foia" title="Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/22972">Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="/about-nida/working-nida" title="Working at NIDA" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/36660">Working at NIDA</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="/about-nida/frequently-asked-questions" title="Frequently Asked Questions" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2777">Frequently Asked Questions</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="/about-nida/contact-us" title="Contact Us" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/378">Contact Us</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="/about-nida/sitemap" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/48387">Sitemap</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</nav>
|
||
<div class="col-12 col-desktop-3 footer__subscribe">
|
||
<h3 class="text-accent">Sign Up for Our Newsletter</h3>
|
||
<form id="GD-snippet-form" action=https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USNIHNIDA/subscribers/qualify accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" />
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="topic_id" id="topic_id" value="USNIHNIDA_2" />
|
||
<p class="">Enter your email address</p>
|
||
<ol class='form'>
|
||
<li class='email_fields' style='display: block'>
|
||
<label for="email" class="visually-hidden">Email Address</label>
|
||
<input type="email" name="email" id="email" value="" class="long email_text_field email" required="required" placeholder="email address" style="1px solid #999; font-size:15px; margin-bottom:1rem; line-height:1.5; padding:.5rem .5rem;max-width:280px;" />
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
<div class='button_panel'>
|
||
<input type="submit" name="commit" value="Subscribe" class="sr-button button button--small button button-primary-alt" data-disable-with="Submit" style="line-height:1.5;" />
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
<!-- /Gov delivery signup, NEW -->
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="block-othernidasites" class="col-12 col-desktop-3">
|
||
<div class="other-footer-links">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div><h3 class="text-accent">Other NIDA Sites</h3>
|
||
|
||
<ul class="footer-links">
|
||
<li><a href="https://researchstudies.nida.nih.gov/">NIDA Research Studies in Baltimore</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://irp.nida.nih.gov/">Intramural Research Program</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://insite.nida.nih.gov/">Employee Intranet - Staff Only, Requires VPN</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h4 class="text-accent mb-0">Follow Us</h4>
|
||
<div class="social-media-white row space-between">
|
||
<a href="https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USNIHNIDA/subscriber/new?qsp=USNIHNIDA_3" class="social-media-email" aria-label="Contact NIDA"><i class="far fa-envelope" title="Envelope" role="img" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>
|
||
<a href="https://twitter.com/NIDAnews" class="social-media-twitter" aria-label="Follow us on Twitter"><i class="fab fa-x-twitter" title="Twitter" role="img" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>
|
||
<a href="https://www.facebook.com/NIDANIH" class="social-media-facebook" aria-label="Follow us on Facebook"><i class="fab fa-facebook-f" title="Facebook" role="img" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>
|
||
<a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/the-national-institute-on-drug-abuse-nida" class="social-media-linkedin" aria-label="Follow us on LinkedIn"><i class="fab fa-linkedin-in" title="LinkedIn" role="img" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>
|
||
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/NIDANIH" class="social-media-youtube" aria-label="Follow us on YouTube"><i class="fab fa-youtube" title="YouTube" role="img" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>
|
||
<a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/nida-nih/albums" class="social-media-flickr " aria-label="Follow us on Flickr"><i class="fab fa-flickr" title="Flickr" role="img" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>
|
||
</div></div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="block-footernihlinks" class="footer-links col-12 r-m-t-quad pt-1-2">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div><ul class="nih-links"><li><a href="https://www.hhs.gov/">U.S. Department of Health and Human Services</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/">National Institutes of Health</a></li><li><a href="/">National Institute on Drug Abuse</a></li><li><a href="https://usa.gov/">USA.gov</a></li></ul><p class="nih-links" style="color:white;">NIH...Turning Discovery Into Health ®</p></div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</footer>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"node\/51730","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"back_to_top":{"back_to_top_button_trigger":100,"back_to_top_speed":1200,"back_to_top_prevent_on_mobile":false,"back_to_top_prevent_in_admin":false,"back_to_top_button_type":"text","back_to_top_button_text":"Back to Top"},"clientside_validation_jquery":{"validate_all_ajax_forms":2,"force_validate_on_blur":false,"messages":{"required":"This field is required.","remote":"Please fix this field.","email":"Please enter a valid email address.","url":"Please enter a valid URL.","date":"Please enter a valid date.","dateISO":"Please enter a valid date (ISO).","number":"Please enter a valid number.","digits":"Please enter only digits.","equalTo":"Please enter the same value again.","maxlength":"Please enter no more than {0} characters.","minlength":"Please enter at least {0} characters.","rangelength":"Please enter a value between {0} and {1} characters long.","range":"Please enter a value between {0} and {1}.","max":"Please enter a value less than or equal to {0}.","min":"Please enter a value greater than or equal to {0}.","step":"Please enter a multiple of {0}."}},"simple_survey":{"parentTag":"body","language":"en","attachStylesheet":true,"debug":false,"delay":35,"configDelay":7,"closingDelay":7,"displayDelayType":"time","configDelayPosition":"bottom","basePath":"\/simple-survey\/api\/nida_2023","questionsPath":"\/simple-survey\/api\/nida_2023\/survey-questions","submitPath":"\/simple-survey\/api\/nida_2023\/submit-questions","validationPath":null,"translations":false,"useFontAwesome":true,"ombDisclaimer":true,"ombId":"0925-0648","ombExpiration":"07-31-2027","ombLink":"https:\/\/nida.nih.gov\/privacy-notice#burden","startingQuestion":"22","survey":"nida_2023","displayCooldown":1,"answeredDisplayCooldown":1,"modulePath":"\/modules\/contrib\/simple_survey"},"data":{"extlink":{"extTarget":true,"extTargetAppendNewWindowLabel":"(opens in a new window)","extTargetNoOverride":false,"extNofollow":false,"extTitleNoOverride":false,"extNoreferrer":true,"extFollowNoOverride":false,"extClass":"ext","extLabel":"(link is external)","extImgClass":false,"extSubdomains":true,"extExclude":"(\\.gov)","extInclude":"","extCssExclude":".no-ext,\r\n.social-media","extCssInclude":"","extCssExplicit":"","extAlert":true,"extAlertText":"You are leaving the NIDA Website. This external link provides additional information that is consistent with the intended purpose of this federal site. The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) or the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal site. Linking to a non-federal site does not constitute an endorsement by NIDA, HHS, or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the site. You will be subject to the destination site\u2019s privacy policy when you follow the link.","extHideIcons":false,"mailtoClass":"mailto","telClass":"","mailtoLabel":"(link sends email)","telLabel":"(link is a phone number)","extUseFontAwesome":true,"extIconPlacement":"append","extPreventOrphan":false,"extFaLinkClasses":"fa-solid fa-arrow-up-right-from-square fa-xs","extFaMailtoClasses":"fa-solid fa-envelope-square","extAdditionalLinkClasses":"","extAdditionalMailtoClasses":"","extAdditionalTelClasses":"","extFaTelClasses":"fa fa-phone","whitelistedDomains":[],"extExcludeNoreferrer":""}},"ckeditorAccordion":{"accordionStyle":{"collapseAll":1,"keepRowsOpen":1,"animateAccordionOpenAndClose":1,"openTabsWithHash":1}},"field_group":{"html_element":{"mode":"default","context":"view","settings":{"classes":"section-header","id":"","element":"div","show_label":false,"label_element":"h3","label_element_classes":"","attributes":"","effect":"none","speed":"fast","show_empty_fields":false}}},"mediaelement":{"attachSitewide":0},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"c7edf0464a63651bd805b29836004762924e79bca07438bcc1190127674128c9"}}</script>
|
||
<script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_YVLKgawnYK9PT6ipbY2ap9id52KgK6Qiq3zqCAg8MfQ.js?scope=footer&delta=0&language=en&theme=solstice&include=eJxlj2EOwyAIhS9k65EMReqcVozQbb39zNa0XZbw43u8AA_wXhnKZmGHcW5c1EyAySn3qvbC7i4Gu09FHSBy85GL_esYiUvN5GRtD9rsjzLCWTQi2ZB5gjyIbjmWcPbnvg6eJLyQoZd2M1nf1gp53KXBRD4qt0uIg74fUPEGo4J-Au4wTJkxnZcqNAgN6m04puUNks5swA"></script>
|
||
<script src="https://static.addtoany.com/menu/page.js" defer></script>
|
||
<script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_BbBTJ3ATkideebJf-m2LbXYNnW8g1WZtOTYz6PRS0Tg.js?scope=footer&delta=2&language=en&theme=solstice&include=eJxlj2EOwyAIhS9k65EMReqcVozQbb39zNa0XZbw43u8AA_wXhnKZmGHcW5c1EyAySn3qvbC7i4Gu09FHSBy85GL_esYiUvN5GRtD9rsjzLCWTQi2ZB5gjyIbjmWcPbnvg6eJLyQoZd2M1nf1gp53KXBRD4qt0uIg74fUPEGo4J-Au4wTJkxnZcqNAgN6m04puUNks5swA"></script>
|
||
<script src="/modules/contrib/ckeditor_accordion/js/accordion.frontend.min.js?srsw29"></script>
|
||
<script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_iZDOdJe2k2sNn_v8PjU6mDl1FV1PFGlwe_xtQBaUJ7w.js?scope=footer&delta=4&language=en&theme=solstice&include=eJxlj2EOwyAIhS9k65EMReqcVozQbb39zNa0XZbw43u8AA_wXhnKZmGHcW5c1EyAySn3qvbC7i4Gu09FHSBy85GL_esYiUvN5GRtD9rsjzLCWTQi2ZB5gjyIbjmWcPbnvg6eJLyQoZd2M1nf1gp53KXBRD4qt0uIg74fUPEGo4J-Au4wTJkxnZcqNAgN6m04puUNks5swA"></script>
|
||
|
||
</body>
|
||
</html>
|