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{"id":14432,"date":"2025-02-27T10:07:31","date_gmt":"2025-02-27T15:07:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ncbiinsights.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?p=14432"},"modified":"2025-02-28T11:18:59","modified_gmt":"2025-02-28T16:18:59","slug":"new-ranks-ncbi-taxonomy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ncbiinsights.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/2025\/02\/27\/new-ranks-ncbi-taxonomy\/","title":{"rendered":"New Ranks in NCBI Taxonomy: Domain & Realm"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">As <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ncbiinsights.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/2024\/06\/04\/changes-ncbi-taxonomy-classifications\/?utm_source=ncbi_insights&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=taxonomy-ranks-20250227\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">previously announced<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, NCBI continues to make improvements to our <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/taxonomy?utm_source=ncbi_insights&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=taxonomy-ranks-20250227\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Taxonomy<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> resource. There have been recent <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/ijsem.0.006242\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">updates<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> to the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/the-icsp.org\/code-of-nomenclatur\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">ICNP<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">) and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41564-020-0709-x\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">proposals<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ictv.global\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">ICTV)<\/span><\/a>. As a result,<span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0NCBI Taxonomy has discontinued the use of rank \u201csuperkingdom\u201d to classify organisms into Archaea, Bacteria, Eukaryota, and Viruses.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"335559738":150,"335559739":0}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">What\u2019s changing?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"335559738":150,"335559739":0}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n<h6><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">New rank: Domain<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"335559738":150,"335559739":0}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{"335552541":1,"335559685":720,"335559991":360,"469769226":"Symbol","469769242":[8226],"469777803":"left","469777804":"\uf0b7","469777815":"hybridMultilevel"}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-size: 17px;\">\u201cDomain\u201d replaces \u201csuperkingdom\u201d for Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukaryota\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{"335552541":1,"335559685":720,"335559991":360,"469769226":"Symbol","469769242":[8226],"469777803":"left","469777804":"\uf0b7","469777815":"hybridMultilevel"}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-size: 17px;\">\u201cNo rank\u201d replaces \u201csuperkingdom” for Viruses\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<h6><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">New rank for viruses: Realm<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"335559738":150,"335559739":0}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h6>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Six viral groups are designated with the new rank \u201crealm,\u201d the equivalent of “domain.” The six realms are:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559738":150,"335559739":0}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{"335552541":1,"335559685":720,"335559991":360,"469769226":"Symbol","469769242":[8226],"469777803":"left","469777804":"\uf0b7","469777815":"hybridMultilevel"}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-size: 17px;\">Adnaviria (filamentous archaeal A-DNA viruses)\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{"335552541":1,"335559685":720,"335559991":360,"469769226":"Symbol","469769242":[8226],"469777803":"left","469777804":"\uf0b7","469777815":"hybridMultilevel"}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-size: 17px;\">Duplodnaviria (double-stranded DNA viruses)\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{"335552541":1,"335559685":720,"335559991":360,"469769226":"Symbol","469769242":[8226],"469777803":"left","469777804":"\uf0b7","469777815":"hybridMultilevel"}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-size: 17px;\">Monodnaviria (single-stranded DNA viruses)\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{"335552541":1,"335559685":720,"335559991":360,"469769226":"Symbol","469769242":[8226],"469777803":"left","469777804":"\uf0b7","469777815":"hybridMultilevel"}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-size: 17px;\">Riboviria (RNA viruses and retroviruses)\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{"335552541":1,"335559685":720,"335559991":360,"469769226":"Symbol","469769242":[8226],"469777803":"left","469777804":"\uf0b7","469777815":"hybridMultilevel"}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-size: 17px;\">Ribozyviria (Deltavirus-related satellite nucleic acids)\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{"335552541":1,"335559685":720,"335559991":360,"469769226":"Symbol","469769242":[8226],"469777803":"left","469777804":"\uf0b7","469777815":"hybridMultilevel"}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-size: 17px;\">Varidnaviria (Adenovirus and Poxvirus-related DNA viruses)\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The above are rank name changes to existing names. They do not affect the classification of Archaea, Bacteria, Eukaryota, or Viruses. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Note: updates will be live in NCBI Taxonomy in early March 2025.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Questions?\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"335559738":150,"335559739":0}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Please <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/support.nlm.nih.gov\/support\/create-case\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">reach out to us<\/span><\/a> <span data-contrast=\"auto\">if you have questions or would like to provide feedback.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"335559738":150,"335559739":0}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Stay up to date\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"335559738":150,"335559739":0}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Follow us on social\u202f<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/ncbi\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">@NCBI<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u202fand\u202f<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/public.govdelivery.com\/accounts\/USNLMOCPL\/subscriber\/new?topic_id=USNLMOCPL_52\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">join our mailing list<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u202fto keep up to date with\u202fNCBI Taxonomy\u202fand other NCBI news.\u202f\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"335559738":150,"335559739":0}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As previously announced, NCBI continues to make improvements to our Taxonomy resource. There have been recent updates to the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP) and proposals by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). As a result,\u00a0NCBI Taxonomy has discontinued the use of rank \u201csuperkingdom\u201d to classify organisms into Archaea, Bacteria, Eukaryota, … <a href=\"https:\/\/ncbiinsights.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/2025\/02\/27\/new-ranks-ncbi-taxonomy\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">New Ranks in NCBI Taxonomy: Domain & Realm<\/span> <span class=\"meta-nav\">→<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":42204617,"featured_media":14435,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"New Ranks in NCBI Taxonomy: Domain & Realm","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[2248],"tags":[693060836,34457],"table_tags":[],"class_list":["post-14432","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-whats-new","tag-ncbi-datasets","tag-taxonomy"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>New Ranks in NCBI Taxonomy: Domain & Realm - NCBI Insights<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ncbiinsights.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/2025\/02\/27\/new-ranks-ncbi-taxonomy\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"New Ranks in NCBI Taxonomy: Domain & Realm - NCBI Insights\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"As previously announced, NCBI continues to make improvements to our Taxonomy resource. There have been recent updates to the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP) and proposals by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). As a result,\u00a0NCBI Taxonomy has discontinued the use of rank \u201csuperkingdom\u201d to classify organisms into Archaea, Bacteria, Eukaryota, … Continue reading New Ranks in NCBI Taxonomy: Domain & Realm →\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ncbiinsights.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/2025\/02\/27\/new-ranks-ncbi-taxonomy\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"NCBI Insights\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ncbi.nlm\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-27T15:07:31+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-28T16:18:59+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/ncbiinsights.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/NCBI-Taxonomy-Domain-Realm-e1740412513305.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1100\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"550\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"NCBI Staff\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@NCBI\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@NCBI\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"NCBI Staff\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ncbiinsights.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/2025\/02\/27\/new-ranks-ncbi-taxonomy\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ncbiinsights.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/2025\/02\/27\/new-ranks-ncbi-taxonomy\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"NCBI Staff\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ncbiinsights.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/#\/schema\/person\/4f41ea6a31cea38a9a1b1419c048e50b\"},\"headline\":\"New Ranks in NCBI Taxonomy: Domain & Realm\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-27T15:07:31+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-28T16:18:59+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ncbiinsights.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/2025\/02\/27\/new-ranks-ncbi-taxonomy\/\"},\"wordCount\":211,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ncbiinsights.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ncbiinsights.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/2025\/02\/27\/new-ranks-ncbi-taxonomy\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ncbiinsights.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/NCBI-Taxonomy-Domain-Realm-e1740412513305.png?fit=1100%2C550&ssl=1\",\"keywords\":[\"NCBI Datasets\",\"NCBI Taxonomy\"],\"articleSection\":[\"What's New\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/ncbiinsights.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/2025\/02\/27\/new-ranks-ncbi-taxonomy\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ncbiinsights.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/2025\/02\/27\/new-ranks-ncbi-taxonomy\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ncbiinsights.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/2025\/02\/27\/new-ranks-ncbi-taxonomy\/\",\"name\":\"New Ranks in NCBI Taxonomy: Domain & Realm - NCBI Insights\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ncbiinsights.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ncbiinsights.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/2025\/02\/27\/new-ranks-ncbi-taxonomy\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ncbiinsights.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/2025\/02\/27\/new-ranks-ncbi-taxonomy\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ncbiinsights.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/NCBI-Taxonomy-Domain-Realm-e1740412513305.png?fit=1100%2C550&ssl=1\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-27T15:07:31+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-28T16:18:59+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ncbiinsights.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/2025\/02\/27\/new-ranks-ncbi-taxonomy\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/ncbiinsights.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/2025\/02\/27\/new-ranks-ncbi-taxonomy\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ncbiinsights.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/2025\/02\/27\/new-ranks-ncbi-taxonomy\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ncbiinsights.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/NCBI-Taxonomy-Domain-Realm-e1740412513305.png?fit=1100%2C550&ssl=1\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ncbiinsights.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/NCBI-Taxonomy-Domain-Realm-e1740412513305.png?fit=1100%2C550&ssl=1\",\"width\":1100,\"height\":550,\"caption\":\"Colorful, circular tree of life in the background. 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There have been recent updates to the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP) and proposals by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). 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