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<span>Previous Common Colds Could Boost Risks of More Severe COVID-19</span>
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<h1>Previous Common Colds Could Boost Risks of More Severe COVID-19</h1><div class="caption-right-md" style="margin-right:0;margin-top:5px;"><img class="img-responsive" style="border:1px solid outter;" src="/sites/default/files/shutterstock_2060314535_900x600.jpg" alt="Photograph of a woman with a common cold wrapped in a blanket blowing her nose." width="900" height="600"><div class="caption-text"><p>(<em>Pormezz/Shutterstock</em>)</p></div></div><p>September 29, 2022</p><p>About 30% of common colds are caused by seasonal coronaviruses that are distantly related to SARS-CoV-2. Having had a cold caused by one of those coronaviruses may make some people’s immune systems respond less effectively to infection by SARS-CoV-2, increasing their risk of developing more severe COVID-19 leading to hospitalization or death.</p><p>That’s according to a study by University of Rochester researchers funded by NCATS’ <a href="/research/research-activities/ctsa" title="Clinical and Translational Science Award Program">Clinical and Translational Science Awards Program</a> and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.</p><p>The researchers compared blood samples taken from people before the COVID-19 pandemic to samples taken from people who had severe COVID-19 between April and June 2020. The pre-pandemic samples showed evidence of widespread exposure to two coronaviruses that cause common colds. More than 90% of people included in this study had antibodies to those viruses from before the pandemic.</p><p>In COVID-19 cases, people’s immune systems created new antibodies to specifically attack SARS-CoV-2, which is a normal response to a viral infection. Because of the previous exposure to the two common cold coronaviruses, however, people’s immune systems responded to SARS-CoV-2 infection by also making antibodies to those two earlier viruses.</p><p>Overall, people who developed severe COVID-19 saw a stronger, speedier rise in all three antibody types — the new SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and the earlier common cold antibodies — compared to people who had only mild or moderate COVID-19.</p><p>The new SARS-CoV-2 antibodies attacked the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein at a point that disabled the virus. The common cold antibodies, however, targeted the spike protein at points that did not disable SARS-CoV-2. When the immune system made more common cold antibodies than new SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, people with COVID-19 were more likely to be hospitalized, end up in the intensive care unit or die.</p><p>This phenomenon is called “immune distraction,” in which pre-existing antibodies attack newer threats in ways that are less effective for dealing with the newer threat. The researchers say that immune distraction could require the use of updated COVID-19 vaccines to ensure the immune system is primed with antibodies that attack new SARS-CoV-2 variants more successfully. Learn more about the study findings in <a href="https://academic.oup.com/jid/advance-article/doi/10.1093/infdis/jiac022/6517043?searchresult=1" title="The Journal of Infectious Diseases"><em>The Journal of Infectious Diseases.</em></a></p><p> </p><hr><div class="sharethis-inline-share-buttons"> </div>
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<style type="text/css">
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ul#superfish-navigation li { line-height:1.25; }
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.region-header .block-superfish ul.sf-menu li a {padding-right:40px !important;}
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@media (min-width: 1200px) {
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ul.sf-menu.sf-navigation li.menuparent ul {width:280px !important;}
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.main-content article .menu--navigation {
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display:flex;
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flex-wrap: nowrap;
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justify-content: space-between;
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align-items: stretch;
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flex: 1 1 0;
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height: auto;
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float: left;
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