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<span>Thyroglobulin</span>
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<h1>Thyroglobulin</h1>
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<section><div class="mp-content"><h2>What is a thyroglobulin test?</h2>
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<p>A thyroglobulin test measures the level of thyroglobulin in a sample of your blood. Thyroglobulin is a protein that your thyroid makes. Your thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland in your neck. It makes <a data-tid="1499" href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormones.html">hormones</a> that control many activities in your body, including your heart rate and how fast you burn calories from food.</p>
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<p>A thyroglobulin test is a type of <a data-pid="790" href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/tumor-marker-tests/">tumor marker test</a>. Tumor markers are substances made by cancer cells and/or by normal cells in response to <a data-tid="25" href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancer.html">cancer</a> in your body. Normally, your thyroid releases small amounts of thyroglobulin into your bloodstream. Cells from common types of <a data-tid="438" href="https://medlineplus.gov/thyroidcancer.html">thyroid cancer</a> (papillary carcinoma and follicular thyroid cancer) also release thyroglobulin.</p>
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<p>Thyroglobulin testing is not used to diagnose thyroid cancer because other <a data-tid="439" href="https://medlineplus.gov/thyroiddiseases.html">thyroid diseases</a> that aren't cancer can also affect thyroglobulin levels. But the test is useful <em>after</em> treatment for common thyroid cancers to see if the treatment worked. That's because the goal of treatment is to get rid of all thyroid tissue – both healthy cells and cancer cells. So, if treatment is successful, there should be little or no thyroglobulin in your blood. If thyroglobulin levels remain the same or increase, more cancer treatment may be needed.</p>
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<p>Other names: Tg, TGB. thyroglobulin tumor marker</p></div>
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</section>
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<section><div class="mp-content"><h2>What is it used for?</h2>
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<p>A thyroglobulin test is mostly used to:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>See if thyroid cancer treatment was successful and guide decisions about more treatment.</li>
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<li>Predict how your cancer will behave over time.</li>
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<li>See if cancer has returned after successful treatment.</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Thyroglobulin tests may also be used to help diagnose <a data-tid="6177" href="https://medlineplus.gov/hyperthyroidism.html">hyperthyroidism</a> and <a data-tid="6175" href="https://medlineplus.gov/hypothyroidism.html">hypothyroidism</a>, which are common thyroid conditions that aren't cancer.</p></div>
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</section>
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<section><div class="mp-content"><h2>Why do I need a thyroglobulin test?</h2>
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<p>You may need a thyroglobulin test before starting treatment for thyroid cancer. Your health care provider will compare these test results to your test results after treatment.</p>
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<p>You may also need this test a few weeks after you finish treatment for thyroid cancer. The test helps show whether any thyroid cells remain in your body. If your treatment was successful, you may still need to have your thyroglobulin levels tested from time to time to see if cancer has come back.</p></div>
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</section>
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<section><div class="mp-content"><h2>What happens during a thyroglobulin test?</h2>
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<p>A health care professional will take a blood sample from a vein in your arm, using a small needle. After the needle is inserted, a small amount of blood will be collected into a test tube or vial. You may feel a little sting when the needle goes in or out. This usually takes less than five minutes.</p></div>
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</section>
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<section><div class="mp-content"><h2>Will I need to do anything to prepare for the test?</h2>
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<p>You usually don't need any special preparations for a thyroglobulin test. But you need to avoid taking certain vitamins or supplements so tell your provider about everything you take.</p></div>
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</section>
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<section><div class="mp-content"><h2>Are there any risks to the test?</h2>
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<p>There is very little risk to having a blood test. You may have slight pain or bruising at the spot where the needle was put in, but most symptoms go away quickly.</p></div>
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</section>
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<section><div class="mp-content"><h2>What do the results mean?</h2>
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<p>Understanding the results of a thyroglobulin test after treatment can be complicated. The meaning of your results depends on your health history, the type of treatment you had, and the results of other tests. So, it's best to ask your provider to explain what your test results say about your health.</p>
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<p>In general, if you were tested after treatment for thyroid cancer:</p>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>Very low levels or no thyroglobulin</strong> may mean that your cancer treatment has worked to get rid of all thyroid tissue, including cancer. But you will still need more testing over time to make sure.</li>
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<li><strong>Thyroglobulin levels that stay high or increase</strong> may mean that:
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<ul>
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<li>Your treatment did not get rid of all thyroid tissue in your body.</li>
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<li>You still have thyroid cancer in your body that has grown and may have spread.</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li><strong>Thyroglobulin levels that were low after treatment but later increased</strong> may mean that your thyroid cancer has come back after treatment.</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Learn more about <a data-pid="806" href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/how-to-understand-your-lab-results/">laboratory tests, reference ranges, and understanding results</a>.</p></div>
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</section>
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<section><div class="mp-content"><h2>Is there anything else I need to know about a thyroglobulin test?</h2>
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<p>Labs use different methods to measure the amount of thyroglobulin in your blood sample. The test method can affect your results. So, it's important to have your tests done the same way, and usually in the same lab. This allows your provider to compare your results over time. If you have questions about this, talk with your provider.</p>
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<p>A thyroglobulin test may not be useful for monitoring your thyroid cancer treatment if you have thyroglobulin antibodies in your blood. These antibodies are proteins that your immune system may make. They attach to thyroglobulin and can make your thyroglobulin levels appear lower than they really are.</p>
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<p>Your provider will usually order a <a data-pid="3234" href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/thyroid-antibodies/">thyroid antibody test</a> to find out whether thyroglobulin testing will be useful. If you have thyroglobulin antibodies, other tests will be used to see if your cancer treatment was successful.</p></div>
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</section>
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<section><div class="mp-refs mp-content"><h2>References</h2>
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<ol>
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||
<li>American Cancer Society [Internet]. Atlanta: American Cancer Society Inc.; c2022. Tests for Thyroid Cancer; [updated 2020 May 12; cited 2022 Sep 8]; [about 5 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/thyroid-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html" target="bibliowin">https://www.cancer.org/cancer/thyroid-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html</a></li>
|
||
<li>American Thyroid Association [Internet]. Falls Church (VA): American Thyroid Association; c2022. Clinical Thyroidology for the Public; [cited 2022 Sep 8]; [about 2 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://www.thyroid.org/patient-thyroid-information/ct-for-patients/vol-7-issue-2/vol-7-issue-2-p-7-8" target="bibliowin">https://www.thyroid.org/patient-thyroid-information/ct-for-patients/vol-7-issue-2/vol-7-issue-2-p-7-8</a></li>
|
||
<li>Cancer.Net [Internet]. Alexandria (VA): American Society of Clinical Oncology; 2005–2022. Thyroid Cancer: Diagnosis; [updated 2021 Jan; cited 2022 Sep 8]; [about 3 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/thyroid-cancer/diagnosis" target="bibliowin">https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/thyroid-cancer/diagnosis</a></li>
|
||
<li>Indrasena BS. Use of thyroglobulin as a tumour marker. World J Biol Chem. 2017 Feb 26; (cited 2022 Sep 13) 8(1):81-85. doi: 10.4331/wjbc.v8.i1.81. PMID: 28289520; PMCID: PMC5329716. Available from: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5329716/" target="bibliowin">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5329716/</a></li>
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||
<li>Mayo Clinic [Internet]. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research; c1998–2022. Thyroid cancer: Diagnosis and treatment;[cited 2022 Sep 8]; [about 15 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/thyroid-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354167" target="bibliowin">https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/thyroid-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354167</a></li>
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||
<li>Mayo Clinic: Mayo Medical Laboratories [Internet]. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research; c1995–2022. Test ID: HTGR: Thyroglobulin, Tumor Marker Reflex, Serum: Clinical and Interpretive; [cited 2022 Sep 8]; [about 4 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://www.mayocliniclabs.com/test-catalog/overview/62936#Clinical-and-Interpretive" target="bibliowin">https://www.mayocliniclabs.com/test-catalog/overview/62936#Clinical-and-Interpretive</a></li>
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||
<li>MD Anderson Cancer Center [Internet]. The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; c2022. Thyroid Cancer;[cited 2022 Sep 8]; [about 5 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/thyroid-cancer.html" target="bibliowin">https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/thyroid-cancer.html</a></li>
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||
<li>Merck Manual Consumer Version [Internet]. Kenilworth (NJ): Merck & Co. Inc.; c2022. Diagnosis of Cancer; [revised 2020 Sep; cited 2022 Sep 8]; [about 5 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/cancer/overview-of-cancer/diagnosis-of-cancer" target="bibliowin">https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/cancer/overview-of-cancer/diagnosis-of-cancer</a></li>
|
||
<li>National Cancer Institute [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; Tumor Markers; [cited 2022 Sep 8]; [about 5 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/diagnosis/tumor-markers-fact-sheet" target="bibliowin">https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/diagnosis/tumor-markers-fact-sheet</a></li>
|
||
<li>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; Blood Tests; [updated 2022 Mar 24; cited 2022 Sep 8]; [about 7 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/blood-tests" target="bibliowin">https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/blood-tests</a></li>
|
||
<li>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; Graves' Disease; [updated 2021 Nov; cited 2022 Sep 8]; [about 12 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/endocrine-diseases/graves-disease" target="bibliowin">https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/endocrine-diseases/graves-disease</a></li>
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||
<li>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; Hashimoto's Disease; [updated 2021 Jun; cited 2022 Sep 8]; [about 8 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/endocrine-diseases/hashimotos-disease" target="bibliowin">https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/endocrine-diseases/hashimotos-disease</a></li>
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||
<li>Oncolink [Internet]. Philadelphia: Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania; c2022. Patient Guide to Tumor Markers; [updated 2022 Mar 1; cited 2022 Sep 8]; [about 17 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://www.oncolink.org/cancer-treatment/procedures-diagnostic-tests/blood-tests-tumor-diagnostic-tests/patient-guide-to-tumor-markers" target="bibliowin">https://www.oncolink.org/cancer-treatment/procedures-diagnostic-tests/blood-tests-tumor-diagnostic-tests/patient-guide-to-tumor-markers</a></li>
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||
<li>Testing.com [Internet]. Seattle (WA): OneCare Media; c2022. Thyroglobulin; [modified 2022 Mar 2; cited 2022 Sep 8]; [about 9 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://www.testing.com/tests/thyroglobulin/" target="bibliowin">https://www.testing.com/tests/thyroglobulin/</a></li>
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||
<li>University of Rochester Medical Center [Internet]. Rochester (NY): University of Rochester Medical Center; c2022. Health Encyclopedia: Thyroid Cancer: Tests After Diagnosis; [cited 2022 Sep 8]; [about 2 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=34&contentid=17670-1" target="bibliowin">https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=34&contentid=17670-1</a></li>
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||
<li>WomensHealth.gov [Internet]. Washington DC: Office on Women's Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; Thyroid Disease; [updated 2021 Feb 22; cited 2022 Sep 13]; [about 18 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/thyroid-disease" target="bibliowin">https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/thyroid-disease</a></li>
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"description": "A thyroglobulin test measures the level of thyroglobulin in a sample of your blood. Thyroglobulin is a protein that your thyroid makes. Your thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland in your neck. It makes hormones that control many activities in your body, including your heart rate and how fast you burn calories from food. A thyroglobulin test is a type of tumor marker test. Tumor markers are substances made by cancer cells and/or by normal cells in response to cancer in your body. Normally, your thyroid releases small amounts of thyroglobulin into your bloodstream. Cells from common types of thyroid cancer (papillary carcinoma and follicular thyroid cancer) also release thyroglobulin. Thyroglobulin testing is not used to diagnose thyroid cancer because other thyroid diseases that aren't cancer can also affect thyroglobulin levels. But the test is useful after treatment for common thyroid cancers to see if the treatment worked. That's because the goal of treatment is to get rid of all thyroid tissue – both healthy cells and cancer cells. So, if treatment is successful, there should be little or no thyroglobulin in your blood. If thyroglobulin levels remain the same or increase, more cancer treatment may be needed. Other names: Tg, TGB. thyroglobulin tumor marker",
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