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<span>Rapid Tests</span>
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<span class="page-url print-only">URL of this page: https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/rapid-tests/</span>
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<h1>Rapid Tests</h1>
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<section><div class="mp-content"><h2>What are rapid tests?</h2>
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<p>Rapid tests, also known as rapid diagnostic tests or RDTs, are easy-to-use tests that provide quick results, usually in 20 minutes or less. Most standard tests have to be sent to a lab, and you have to wait for the results. With a rapid test, you can have the test done and get the results at your provider's office or a clinic. For some of these tests, you can also do them and get the results at home.</p>
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<p>Rapids tests usually include the following steps:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>You provide a sample of your body fluid, such as <a data-tid="6037" href="https://medlineplus.gov/blood.html">blood</a>, urine, saliva, or nasal secretions.</li>
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<li>The sample is mixed with a special substance that will cause a chemical reaction if a disease or other condition is present.</li>
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<li>The results show on a dipstick or rapid test cassette:
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<ul>
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<li>A <strong>dipstick</strong> is a thin, plastic strip coated with chemicals. If the test is positive, the dipstick will change color when placed in the sample.</li>
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<li>A <strong>rapid test cassette</strong> is a small plastic case with a well that holds the sample. The well shows a letter or a symbol to indicate the result.</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Most rapid tests can provide quick, reliable results, but the results are not always as accurate as standard lab tests. The accuracy of your test results may be affected by:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>The type of test used</li>
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<li>How the test is stored and transported</li>
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<li>The type of specimen taken</li>
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<li>Your symptoms</li>
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<li>When your symptoms started</li>
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<li>What you are testing for</li>
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<li>Using a test that is past its expiration date</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Other names: rapid diagnostic tests, RDT's point-of-care tests</p></div>
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</section>
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<section><div class="mp-content"><h2>How are they used?</h2>
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<p>Rapid tests are most often used to diagnose <a data-tid="513" href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectiousdiseases.html">infectious diseases</a>, including:</p>
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<ul>
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<li><a data-tid="299" href="https://medlineplus.gov/flu.html">Flu</a>.</li>
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<li><a data-tid="421" href="https://medlineplus.gov/streptococcalinfections.html">Strep throat</a>.</li>
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<li><a data-tid="315" href="https://medlineplus.gov/malaria.html">Malaria</a>.</li>
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<li><a data-tid="1" href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html">HIV</a>.</li>
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<li><a data-tid="3181" href="https://medlineplus.gov/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html">COVID 19</a>. Rapid <a data-tid="7627" href="https://medlineplus.gov/covid19testing.html">tests for COVID-19</a> usually provide results in about 30 minutes.</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Rapid tests are also used in certain <a data-pid="31381" href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/at-home-medical-tests/">home-based tests</a>, such as <a data-pid="1188" href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pregnancy-test/">pregnancy tests</a>.</p></div>
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</section>
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<section><div class="mp-content"><h2>What are the advantages and disadvantages of rapid tests?</h2>
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<p>The <strong>advantages</strong> of rapid tests include:</p>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>Fast results.</strong> This may allow you to get treatment faster. Faster treatment can reduce the severity of your symptoms and may help prevent the spread of disease.</li>
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<li><strong>Easy to use.</strong> They can be done by non-medical workers and volunteers who have been trained to do the test. You may even be able to perform a rapid test on yourself.</li>
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<li><strong>Little or no special equipment is required.</strong> This is especially useful in areas with limited resources or access to specialized labs.</li>
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</ul>
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<p>The <strong>disadvantages</strong> of rapid tests include:</p>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>Lower sensitivity than lab tests.</strong> Sensitivity means how well a test can identify a disease or condition. Rapid tests are not as good as lab tests at finding diseases in the earliest stages of infection.</li>
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<li><strong>False negatives are more common.</strong> A false negative result means your test shows you don't have a disease or condition, but you actually do have it.</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Because of these possible disadvantages, the instructions for some tests (such as over-the-counter COVID-19 tests) recommend doing the test again after a certain period of time if you got a negative result. A negative result means that the test showed that you don't have the disease.</p>
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<p>Your health care provider may take a second sample and send it to a lab for testing to confirm or rule out the results of a rapid test. But you may still be able to get treatment and help prevent the spread of disease while you wait for lab results.</p></div>
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</section>
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<section><div class="mp-content"></div>
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</section>
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<section><div class="mp-content"></div>
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</section>
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<section><div class="mp-content"></div>
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</section>
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<section><div class="mp-content"></div>
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</section>
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<section><div class="mp-content"></div>
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</section>
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<section><div class="mp-content"></div>
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</section>
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<section><div class="mp-refs mp-content"><h2>References</h2>
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<ol>
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<li>Bouzid D, Zanella MC, Kerneis S, Visseaux B, May L, Schrenzel J, Cattoir V. Rapid diagnostic tests for infectious diseases in the emergency department. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2021 Feb;27 [cited 2024 May 19]. [about 11 screens]. (2):182-191. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.02.024. Epub 2020 Feb 29. PMID: 32120036; PMCID: PMC7129254.</li>
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<li>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Internet]. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; COVID-19: Testing for COVID-19; [reviewed 2024 Aug 24; cited 2024 Aug 24]; [about 3 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/covid/testing/" target="bibliowin">https://www.cdc.gov/covid/testing/</a></li>
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<li>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Internet]. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; Influenza (Flu): Rapid Influenza Diagnostic Tests; [reviewed 2016 Oct 25; cited 2024 May 8]; [about 5 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/flu/hcp/testing-methods/clinician_guidance_ridt.html" target="bibliowin">https://www.cdc.gov/flu/hcp/testing-methods/clinician_guidance_ridt.html</a></li>
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<li>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Internet]. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; Malaria Diagnostic Tests; [reviewed 2024 Apr 24; cited 2024 May 10]; [about 2 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/hcp/diagnosis-testing/malaria-diagnostic-tests.html" target="bibliowin">https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/hcp/diagnosis-testing/malaria-diagnostic-tests.html</a></li>
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||
<li>Familydoctor.org [Internet]. Leawood (KS): American Academy of Family Physicians; c2024. Rapid Strep Test; [updated 2023 Jun 6; cited 2024 May 8]; [about 2 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://familydoctor.org/rapid-strep-test/" target="bibliowin">https://familydoctor.org/rapid-strep-test/</a></li>
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||
<li>FDA: US Food and Drug Administration [Internet]. Silver Spring (MD): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; At-Home OTC COVID-19 Diagnostic Tests; [current as of 2024 May 7; cited 2024 May 8]; [about 30 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/coronavirus-covid-19-and-medical-devices/home-otc-covid-19-diagnostic-tests" target="bibliowin">https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/coronavirus-covid-19-and-medical-devices/home-otc-covid-19-diagnostic-tests</a></li>
|
||
<li>FDA: U.S. Food and Drug Administration [Internet]. Silver Spring (MD): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: FDA Authorizes Antigen Test as First Over-the-Counter Fully At-Home Diagnostic Test for COVID-19; 2020 Dec 15 [cited 204 May 8]; [about 2 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-authorizes-antigen-test-first-over-counter-fully-home-diagnostic" target="bibliowin">https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-authorizes-antigen-test-first-over-counter-fully-home-diagnostic</a></li>
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||
<li>FDA: US Food and Drug Administration [Internet]. Silver Spring (MD): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; COVID-19 Test Basics; [current as of 2023 Sep 7; cited 2024 May 8]; [about 4 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/covid-19-test-basics" target="bibliowin">https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/covid-19-test-basics</a></li>
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<li>GoodRx [Internet]. GoodRx, Inc., c2011-2021. COVID-19 Rapid Tests: Accuracy, Types, and Where to Find Them; [updated 2023 Sep 7; cited 2024 May 8]; [about 8 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://www.goodrx.com/blog/covid-19-rapid-test" target="bibliowin">https://www.goodrx.com/blog/covid-19-rapid-test</a></li>
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<li>Mayo Clinic [Internet]. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research; c1998-2024. COVID-19 Diagnostic testing: Overview; [cited 204 May 8]; [about 8 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/covid-19-diagnostic-test/about/pac-20488900" target="bibliowin">https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/covid-19-diagnostic-test/about/pac-20488900</a></li>
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||
<li>Mayo Clinic [Internet]. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research; c1998-2021. Urinalysis: Overview; [cited 2024 May 8]; [about 6 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/urinalysis/about/pac-20384907" target="bibliowin">https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/urinalysis/about/pac-20384907</a></li>
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||
<li>Poole S, Townsend J, Wertheim H, Kidd SP, Welte T, Schuetz P, Luyt CE, Beishuizen A, Jensen JS, Del Castillo JG, Plebani M, Saeed K. How are rapid diagnostic tests for infectious diseases used in clinical practice: a global survey by the International Society of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (ISAC). Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis [Internet]. 2021 Feb; [cited 2024 May 8]; 40(2):429-434. Available from: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32902760" target="bibliowin">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32902760</a></li>
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||
<li>P.vivax information hub [Internet]. Medicines for Malaria Venture; Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs); [cited 2024 May 8]; [about 3 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://www.vivaxmalaria.org/diagnosis-treatment/plasmodium-vivax-diagnosis/malaria-rapid-diagnostic-tests-rdts" target="bibliowin">https://www.vivaxmalaria.org/diagnosis-treatment/plasmodium-vivax-diagnosis/malaria-rapid-diagnostic-tests-rdts</a></li>
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||
<li>ResearchGate [Internet]. ResearchGate GmbH; c2008-2021. Example of RDT Cassettes; [cited 2024 May 8]; [about 7 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Example-of-RDT-cassettes-Most-of-the-cassettes-have-separated-wells-for-sample-and_fig2_49830148" target="bibliowin">https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Example-of-RDT-cassettes-Most-of-the-cassettes-have-separated-wells-for-sample-and_fig2_49830148</a></li>
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||
<li>S Pavia C, M Plummer M. The evolution of rapid antigen detection systems and their application for COVID-19 and other serious respiratory infectious diseases. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2021 Oct;54(5):776-786. doi: 10.1016/j.jmii.2021.06.003. Epub 2021 Jun 26. [cited 2024 May 8]; [about 14 screens]. PMID: 34272205; PMCID: PMC8234251.</li>
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||
<li>Verywell Health [Internet]. New York: About, Inc.; c2024. An Overview of Specificity and Sensitivity; [updated 2024 Apr 24; cited 2024 May 8]; [about 3 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://www.verywellhealth.com/sensitivity-and-specificity-in-medical-testing-overview-4777799" target="bibliowin">https://www.verywellhealth.com/sensitivity-and-specificity-in-medical-testing-overview-4777799</a></li>
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||
<li>Verywell Health [Internet]. New York: About, Inc.; c2024. Why Your Rapid Flu Test Was Negative; [updated 2024 May 3; cited 2024 May 8]; [about 5 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://www.verywellhealth.com/why-was-my-flu-test-negative-770309" target="bibliowin">https://www.verywellhealth.com/why-was-my-flu-test-negative-770309</a></li>
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||
<li>World Health Organization [Internet]. Geneva (SUI): World Health Organization; c2024. Advice on the use of point-of-care immunodiagnostic tests for COVID-19; 2020 Apr 8 [cited 2024 May 8]; [about 4 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://www.who.int/news-room/commentaries/detail/advice-on-the-use-of-point-of-care-immunodiagnostic-tests-for-covid-19#" target="bibliowin">https://www.who.int/news-room/commentaries/detail/advice-on-the-use-of-point-of-care-immunodiagnostic-tests-for-covid-19#</a></li>
|
||
<li>World Health Organization [Internet]. Geneva (SUI): World Health Organization; c2024. Simple/Rapid Tests; 2014 Jun 27 [cited 2024 May 8]; [about 1 screen]. Available from: <a href="https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/simple-rapid-tests" target="bibliowin">https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/simple-rapid-tests</a></li>
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