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<span>Complete Blood Count (CBC)</span>
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<h1>Complete Blood Count (CBC)</h1>
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</div>
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<div class="main">
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<section><div class="mp-content"><h2>What is a Complete Blood Count?</h2>
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<p>A complete blood count, or CBC, is a group of blood tests that measure the number and size of the different cells in your blood. A CBC measures:</p>
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<ul>
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<li><strong><a data-pid="33148" href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/red-blood-cell-rbc-count/">Red blood cells</a></strong>, which carry oxygen from your lungs to the rest of your body.</li>
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<li><strong><a data-pid="24325" href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/white-blood-count-wbc/">White blood cells</a></strong>, which fight infections and other diseases. There are five major types of white blood cells. A CBC test measures the total number of white cells in your blood. A different test called a <strong><a data-pid="726" href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-differential/">CBC with differential</a></strong> measures the number of each type of these white blood cells.</li>
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<li><strong><a data-pid="27381" href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/platelet-tests/">Platelets</a></strong>, which stop bleeding by helping your blood to clot.</li>
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<li><strong><a data-pid="734" href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hemoglobin-test/">Hemoglobin</a></strong>, an iron-rich protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from your lungs to the rest of your body.</li>
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<li><strong><a data-pid="678" href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hematocrit-test/">Hematocrit</a></strong>, the amount of whole blood that is made up of red blood cells.</li>
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<li><strong><a data-pid="660" href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/mcv-mean-corpuscular-volume/">Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)</a></strong>, the average size of your red blood cells.</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Other names for a complete blood count: CBC, full blood count, blood cell count</p></div>
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</section>
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<section><div class="mp-content"><h2>What is it used for?</h2>
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<p>A complete blood count is often part of a <a data-tid="4751" href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthcheckup.html">routine checkup</a>. It is also used to monitor a condition or treatment that may affect your blood cell counts such as infections, <a data-tid="139" href="https://medlineplus.gov/anemia.html">anemia</a>, <a data-tid="295" href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html">immune system disorders</a>, and blood cancers.</p></div>
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</section>
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<section><div class="mp-content"><h2>Why do I need a complete blood count?</h2>
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<p>Your health care provider may have ordered a complete blood count as part of your checkup or to monitor your overall health. The test may also be used to:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Help diagnose <a data-tid="3646" href="https://medlineplus.gov/blooddisorders.html">blood diseases</a>, infections, immune system disorders, or other medical conditions</li>
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<li>Check for changes in an existing blood disorder</li>
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</ul></div>
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</section>
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<section><div class="mp-content"><h2>What happens during a complete blood count?</h2>
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<p>A health care professional will take a blood sample from a vein in your arm, using a small needle. After the needle is inserted, a small amount of blood will be collected into a test tube or vial. You may feel a little sting when the needle goes in or out. This usually takes less than five minutes.</p></div>
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</section>
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<section><div class="mp-content"><h2>Will I need to do anything to prepare for the test?</h2>
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<p>Usually, no special preparation is necessary for a complete blood count. But if your provider ordered other tests on your blood sample, you may need to <a data-pid="858" href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/fasting-for-a-blood-test/">fast</a> (not eat or drink) for several hours before the test. Your provider will let you know if there are any special instructions.</p></div>
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</section>
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<section><div class="mp-content"><h2>Are there any risks to the test?</h2>
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<p>There is very little risk to having a blood test. You may experience slight pain or bruising at the spot where the needle went in, but most symptoms go away quickly.</p></div>
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</section>
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<section><div class="mp-content"><h2>What do the results mean?</h2>
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<p>A CBC counts the cells in your blood. There are many reasons your levels <strong>may not be in the normal range</strong>. For example:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Abnormal levels of red blood cells, hemoglobin, or hematocrit may be a sign of <a data-tid="6051" href="https://medlineplus.gov/dehydration.html">dehydration</a>, anemia, <a data-tid="277" href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html">heart disease</a>, or too little <a data-tid="5542" href="https://medlineplus.gov/iron.html">iron</a> in your body.</li>
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<li>A low white cell count may be a sign of an <a data-tid="154" href="https://medlineplus.gov/autoimmunediseases.html">autoimmune disorder</a>, <a data-tid="171" href="https://medlineplus.gov/bonemarrowdiseases.html">bone marrow disorder</a>, or <a data-tid="25" href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancer.html">cancer</a>.</li>
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<li>A high white cell count may be a sign of an infection or a <a data-tid="5603" href="https://medlineplus.gov/drugreactions.html">reaction to a medicine</a>.</li>
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</ul>
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<p>If any of your levels are abnormal, it doesn't always mean you have a medical condition that needs treatment. Diet, activity level, medicines, having a <a data-tid="325" href="https://medlineplus.gov/menstruation.html">menstrual period</a>, not drinking enough water, and other factors can affect the results. Talk with your provider to learn what your results mean.</p>
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<p>Learn more about <a data-pid="806" href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/how-to-understand-your-lab-results/">laboratory tests, reference ranges, and understanding results</a>.
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</p></div>
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</section>
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<section><div class="mp-content"><h2>Is there anything else I need to know about a complete blood count?</h2>
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<p>A complete blood count is only one tool your provider uses to learn about your health. Your provider will consider your medical history, symptoms, and other factors to make a diagnosis. You may also need additional tests.</p></div>
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</section>
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<section><div class="mp-refs mp-content"><h2>References</h2>
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<ol>
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<li>Cleveland Clinic: Health Library: Diagnostics & Testing [Internet]. Cleveland (OH): Cleveland Clinic; c2024. Blood Tests; [reviewed 2022 Dec 06; cited 2024 Jul 17]; [about 16 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diagnostics/24508-blood-tests" target="bibliowin">https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diagnostics/24508-blood-tests</a></li>
|
||
<li>Cleveland Clinic: Health Library: Diagnostics & Testing [Internet]. Cleveland (OH): Cleveland Clinic; c2024. Complete Blood Count (CBC); [reviewed 2024 Mar 14; cited 2024 Jul 17]; [about 14 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diagnostics/4053-complete-blood-count" target="bibliowin">https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diagnostics/4053-complete-blood-count</a></li>
|
||
<li>El Brihi J, Pathak S. Normal and Abnormal Complete Blood Count With Differential. [Updated 2024 Jun 8]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-[cited 2024 Jul 17]; [about 6 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK604207/" target="bibliowin">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK604207/</a></li>
|
||
<li>Mayo Clinic [Internet]. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research; c1998-2024. Complete Blood Count (CBC); [cited 2024 Jul 17]; [about 6 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/complete-blood-count/about/pac-20384919" target="bibliowin">https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/complete-blood-count/about/pac-20384919</a></li>
|
||
<li>Merck Manual Consumer Version [Internet]. Kenilworth (NJ): Merck & Co., Inc.; c2024. Complete Blood Count (CBC); [cited 2024 Jul 17]; [about 2 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/multimedia/lab-tests/complete-blood-count" target="bibliowin">https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/multimedia/lab-tests/complete-blood-count</a></li>
|
||
<li>Merck Manual Consumer Version [Internet]. Kenilworth (NJ): Merck & Co., Inc.; c2024. Tables: Complete Blood Count (CBC); [cited 2024 Jul 17]; [about 1 screen]. Available from: <a href="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/multimedia/table/complete-blood-count-cbc" target="bibliowin">https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/multimedia/table/complete-blood-count-cbc</a></li>
|
||
<li>National Cancer Institute [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms: complete blood count [cited 2024 Jul 17]; [about 1 screen]. Available from: <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/complete-blood-count" target="bibliowin">https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/complete-blood-count</a></li>
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||
<li>National Cancer Institute [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms: hematocrit [cited 2024 Jul 17]; [about 1 screen]. Available from: <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/hematocrit" target="bibliowin">https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/hematocrit</a></li>
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<li>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; Types of Blood Tests; [ cited 2024 Jul 17]; [about 6 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/blood-tests" target="bibliowin">https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/blood-tests</a></li>
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||
<li>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; Your Guide to Anemia; 2021 Sep [cited 2024 Jul 17]; [about 37 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/sites/default/files/publications/NHLBI_OSPEEC_YourGuidetoAnemia_Booklet_RELEASE_508.pdf" target="bibliowin">https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/sites/default/files/publications/NHLBI_OSPEEC_YourGuidetoAnemia_Booklet_RELEASE_508.pdf</a></li>
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<li>Nemours KidsHealth [Internet]. Jacksonville (FL): The Nemours Foundation; c1995-2024. Getting a Blood Test; [reviewed 2021 Sep; cited 2024 Jul 17]; [about 4 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/blood-tests.html" target="bibliowin">https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/blood-tests.html</a></li>
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||
<li>Testing.com [Internet]. Seattle (WA).: OneCare Media; c2024. CBC Blood Test (Complete Blood Count); [modified 2022 Sep 28; cited 2024 Jul 17]; [about 12 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://www.testing.com/tests/complete-blood-count-cbc/" target="bibliowin">https://www.testing.com/tests/complete-blood-count-cbc/</a></li>
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