nih-gov/medlineplus.gov/ency/encyclopedia_C.htm
2025-02-26 13:17:41 -05:00

299 lines
No EOL
52 KiB
HTML
Raw Permalink Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" id="ency-index" class="nojs us" data-root="//medlineplus.gov">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"/>
<meta http-equiv="window-target" content="_top"/>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/>
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
<meta property="fb:app_id" content="1042245625821448"/>
<meta name="expires" content="Fri, 14 03 2025"/>
<meta name="ac-dictionary" content="medlineplus-ac-dictionary"/>
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://medlineplus.gov/images/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon"/>
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="//medlineplus.gov/images/touch-icon.png"/>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://medlineplus.gov/css/common_new.css?04272023"/>
<!--[if IE 8]> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://medlineplus.gov/css/ie8/common.css"><![endif]-->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://medlineplus.gov/uswds/css/uswds_styles.css"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://medlineplus.gov/css/ency/ency2.css?07162024"/>
<script type="text/javascript">document.querySelector("html").className = document.querySelector("html").className.replace(/nojs[\s]*/g, '');</script>
<script src="https://medlineplus.gov/uswds/js/uswds-init.min.js" type="text/javascript">
</script>
<script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&amp;l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='//www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MMVM77');</script>
<link rel="canonical" href="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/encyclopedia_C.htm"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/encyclopedia_C.htm"/><meta property="og:title" content="Medical Encyclopedia: C: MedlinePlus"/><meta property="twiter:title" content="Medical Encyclopedia: C: MedlinePlus"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://medlineplus.gov/images/share_ency_1.jpg"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://medlineplus.gov/images/share_ency_2.jpg"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://medlineplus.gov/images/share_ency_3.jpg"/><link href="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/encyclopedia_C.htm" hreflang="en" rel="alternate"/><link href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/encyclopedia_C.htm" hreflang="es" rel="alternate"/><title>Medical Encyclopedia: C: MedlinePlus</title>
</head>
<body>
<!-- Google Tag Manager -->
<noscript><iframe title="googletagmanager" src="//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-MMVM77" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden">
</iframe>
</noscript>
<!-- End Google Tag Manager -->
<a name="top" id="top">
</a>
<a class="hide-offscreen" href="#start">Skip navigation</a>
<section class="usa-banner" aria-label="Official website of the United States government">
<div class="usa-accordion">
<header class="usa-banner__header">
<div class="usa-banner__inner">
<div class="grid-col-auto">
<img aria-hidden="true" class="usa-banner__header-flag" src="https://medlineplus.gov/uswds/img/us_flag_small.png" alt=""/>
</div>
<div class="grid-col-fill tablet:grid-col-auto" aria-hidden="true">
<p class="usa-banner__header-text">
An official website of the United States government
</p>
<p class="usa-banner__header-action">Heres how you know</p>
</div>
<button type="button" class="usa-accordion__button usa-banner__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="gov-banner-default-default">
<span class="usa-banner__button-text">Heres how you know</span>
</button>
</div>
</header>
<div class="usa-banner__content usa-accordion__content" id="gov-banner-default-default">
<div class="grid-row grid-gap-lg">
<div class="usa-banner__guidance tablet:grid-col-6">
<img class="usa-banner__icon usa-media-block__img" src="https://medlineplus.gov/uswds/img/icon-dot-gov.svg" role="img" alt="" aria-hidden="true"/>
<div class="usa-media-block__body">
<p>
<strong>Official websites use .gov</strong><br/>A
<strong>.gov</strong> website belongs to an official government
organization in the United States.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="usa-banner__guidance tablet:grid-col-6">
<img class="usa-banner__icon usa-media-block__img" src="https://medlineplus.gov/uswds/img/icon-https.svg" role="img" alt="" aria-hidden="true"/>
<div class="usa-media-block__body">
<p>
<strong>Secure .gov websites use HTTPS</strong><br/>A
<strong>lock</strong> (
<span class="icon-lock"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="52" height="64" viewBox="0 0 52 64" class="usa-banner__lock-image" role="img" aria-labelledby="banner-lock-description-default" focusable="false">
<title id="banner-lock-title-default">Lock</title>
<desc id="banner-lock-description-default">Locked padlock icon</desc>
<path fill="#000000" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M26 0c10.493 0 19 8.507 19 19v9h3a4 4 0 0 1 4 4v28a4 4 0 0 1-4 4H4a4 4 0 0 1-4-4V32a4 4 0 0 1 4-4h3v-9C7 8.507 15.507 0 26 0zm0 8c-5.979 0-10.843 4.77-10.996 10.712L15 19v9h22v-9c0-6.075-4.925-11-11-11z">
</path>
</svg> </span>) or <strong>https://</strong> means youve safely connected to
the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official,
secure websites.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<div id="mplus-wrap">
<header>
<div id="mplus-header">
<!-- Orgs
================================================== -->
<div id="mplus-orgs">
<a title="National Institutes of Health" target="_blank" class="nih-org" href="//www.nih.gov/">
<img alt="National Institutes of Health" src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/nihlogo.png" class="nihlogo"/>
</a><a target="_blank" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/"> National Library of Medicine </a>
</div>
<!-- Logo
================================================== -->
<div id="mplus-logo" class="years-25">
<a href="https://medlineplus.gov">
<img src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/m_logo_25.png" title="MedlinePlus Trusted Health Information for You" alt="MedlinePlus Trusted Health Information for You"/>
</a>
</div>
<!-- Nav Menu
================================================== -->
<div id="mplus-nav">
<div class="sm-live-area hide-offscreen" aria-live="polite">The navigation menu has been collapsed.</div>
<!-- Menu Button-->
<button type="submit" aria-controls="mplus-menu-list" role="button" title="Menu" class="navmenu-btn" id="sm-menu-btn" aria-pressed="false" tabindex="0">Menu<span class="icon icon-nav-menu">
</span></button><ul class="nav-list" id="mplus-menu-list">
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthtopics.html">Health Topics</a></li>
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/druginformation.html">Drugs &amp; Supplements</a></li>
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/">Genetics</a></li>
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/">Medical Tests</a></li>
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/encyclopedia.html">Medical Encyclopedia</a></li>
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/about/">About MedlinePlus</a></li>
</ul><button type="submit" aria-controls="mplus-search" role="button" title="Search" class="navmenu-btn" id="sm-search-btn" aria-pressed="false" tabindex="0"><span class="hide-offscreen">Show </span>Search<span class="icon icon-nav-search">
</span></button>
<div class="top-1">
<!-- Search
================================================== -->
<form target="_self" title="Search MedlinePlus" action="//vsearch.nlm.nih.gov/vivisimo/cgi-bin/query-meta" method="get" id="mplus-search">
<input type="hidden" value="medlineplus" name="v:project"/>
<input type="hidden" value="medlineplus-bundle" name="v:sources"/>
<div class="form-box text-combo">
<div class="form-area"><label for="searchtext_primary" class="hide-offscreen">Search MedlinePlus</label>
<span role="status" aria-live="polite" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">
</span><input type="text" aria-haspopup="true" aria-autocomplete="list" role="textbox" autocomplete="off" name="query" size="40" maxlength="400" title="Site Search input" alt="Site Search input" placeholder="Search MedlinePlus" class="form-text ui-autocomplete-input" id="searchtext_primary"/>
</div>
<div class="button-area">
<button type="submit" alt="Search MedlinePlus" title="Search MedlinePlus" class="form-btn">GO</button>
</div>
</div>
</form>
<!-- Secondary Nav
================================================== -->
<div class="secondarynav">
<ul class="nav-list">
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/about/"><span>About MedlinePlus</span></a></li>
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/whatsnew/"><span>What's New</span></a></li>
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sitemap.html"><span>Site Map</span></a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://support.nlm.nih.gov/knowledgebase/category/?id=CAT-01231&amp;category=medlineplus&amp;from=//medlineplus.gov/ency/encyclopedia_C.htm"><span>Customer Support</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Nav Bar
================================================== -->
<div id="mplus-nav-bar">
<ul class="nav-list">
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthtopics.html">Health Topics</a></li><li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/druginformation.html">Drugs &amp; Supplements</a></li><li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/">Genetics</a></li><li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/">Medical Tests</a></li><li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/encyclopedia.html">Medical Encyclopedia</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<a title="Español" id="mplus-lang-toggle" href="../spanish/ency/encyclopedia_C.htm">Español</a>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<!-- Content
================================================== -->
<div id="mplus-content">
<!-- Breadrcumbs -->
<div id="breadcrumbs"><div itemtype="http://schema.org/BreadcrumbList" itemscope="" itemprop="breadcrumb"><span class="hide-offscreen">You Are Here:</span>
<div itemscope itemprop="itemListElement" itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem">
<a href="https://medlineplus.gov" itemprop="item"><span itemprop="name">Home</span></a>
&rarr;
<meta itemprop="position" content="1"/>
</div>
<div itemscope itemprop="itemListElement" itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem">
<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/encyclopedia.html" itemprop="item"><span itemprop="name">Medical Encyclopedia</span></a>
&rarr;
<meta itemprop="position" content="2"/>
</div>
</div><div><span>Medical Encyclopedia: C</span></div></div>
<span class="page-url print-only">URL of this page: //medlineplus.gov/ency/encyclopedia_C.htm.htm</span>
<!-- Article -->
<article><div id="d-article"><nav role="navigation">
<div class="alphanav section bluearea azindex"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><span class="blue-label">Other encyclopedia articles A-Z</span></div><div class="section-button"><button title="Expand/Collapse section" role="button" aria-controls="section-index" type="submit">
<span class="icon icon-section-action">
</span>
</button></div><div aria-live="polite" class="sm-live-area hide-offscreen">
</div></div><div id="section-index" class="section-body"><ul class="alpha-links">
<li><a href="encyclopedia_A.htm">A</a></li>
<li><a href="encyclopedia_B.htm">B</a></li>
<li><span class="active">C</span></li>
<li><a href="encyclopedia_D.htm">D</a></li>
<li><a href="encyclopedia_E.htm">E</a></li>
<li><a href="encyclopedia_F.htm">F</a></li>
<li><a href="encyclopedia_G.htm">G</a></li>
<li><a href="encyclopedia_H.htm">H</a></li>
<li><a href="encyclopedia_I.htm">I</a></li>
<li><a href="encyclopedia_J.htm">J</a></li>
<li><a href="encyclopedia_K.htm">K</a></li>
<li><a href="encyclopedia_L.htm">L</a></li>
<li><a href="encyclopedia_M.htm">M</a></li>
<li><a href="encyclopedia_N.htm">N</a></li>
<li><a href="encyclopedia_O.htm">O</a></li>
<li><a href="encyclopedia_P.htm">P</a></li>
<li><a href="encyclopedia_Q.htm">Q</a></li>
<li><a href="encyclopedia_R.htm">R</a></li>
<li><a href="encyclopedia_S.htm">S</a></li>
<li><a href="encyclopedia_T.htm">T</a></li>
<li><a href="encyclopedia_U.htm">U</a></li>
<li><a href="encyclopedia_V.htm">V</a></li>
<li><a href="encyclopedia_W.htm">W</a></li>
<li><a href="encyclopedia_X.htm">X</a></li>
<li><a href="encyclopedia_Y.htm">Y</a></li>
<li><a href="encyclopedia_Z.htm">Z</a></li>
<li><a href="encyclopedia_0-9.htm">0-9</a></li>
</ul></div></div>
</nav><div class="page-info"><div class="page-title"><a name="start" id="start">
</a><h1 class="with-also">Medical Encyclopedia: C</h1>
</div><div class="page-actions">
</div>
<noscript>
<span class="js-disabled-message">To use the sharing features on this page, please enable JavaScript.</span>
</noscript></div><ul id="index"><li><a href="article/003356.htm">C-reactive protein</a></li><li><a href="article/002911.htm">C-section</a></li><li><a href="article/003353.htm">C1 esterase inhibitor</a></li><li><a href="article/007217.htm">CA-125 blood test</a></li><li><a href="article/002445.htm">Caffeine in the diet</a></li><li><a href="article/002579.htm">Caffeine overdose</a></li><li><a href="article/002863.htm">Caladium plant poisoning</a></li><li><a href="article/002321.htm">Calcification</a></li><li><a href="article/003699.htm">Calcitonin blood test</a></li><li><a href="article/003486.htm">Calcium - ionized</a></li><li><a href="article/003603.htm">Calcium - urine</a></li><li><a href="article/002062.htm">Calcium and bones</a></li><li><a href="article/003477.htm">Calcium blood test</a></li><li><a href="article/002605.htm">Calcium carbonate overdose</a></li><li><a href="article/002539.htm">Calcium carbonate with magnesium overdose</a></li><li><a href="article/002910.htm">Calcium hydroxide poisoning</a></li><li><a href="article/002412.htm">Calcium in diet</a></li><li><a href="article/000421.htm">Calcium pyrophosphate arthritis</a></li><li><a href="article/007477.htm">Calcium supplements</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000490.htm">Calcium, vitamin D, and your bones</a></li><li><a href="article/002580.htm">Calcium-channel blocker overdose</a></li><li><a href="article/002864.htm">Calla lily poisoning</a></li><li><a href="article/003429.htm">Caloric stimulation</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000886.htm">Calorie count - Alcoholic beverages</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000887.htm">Calorie count - fast food</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000888.htm">Calorie count - sodas and energy drinks</a></li><li><a href="article/002606.htm">Campho-Phenique overdose</a></li><li><a href="article/002566.htm">Camphor overdose</a></li><li><a href="article/000224.htm">Campylobacter infection</a></li><li><a href="article/003530.htm">Campylobacter serology test</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000893.htm">Can you boost your metabolism?</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000853.htm">Can't sleep? Try these tips</a></li><li><a href="article/001586.htm">Canavan disease</a></li><li><a href="article/001289.htm">Cancer</a></li><li><a href="article/002166.htm">Cancer - resources</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000824.htm">Cancer and lymph nodes</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000825.htm">Cancer prevention: take charge of your lifestyle</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000827.htm">Cancer treatment - dealing with pain</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000912.htm">Cancer treatment - early menopause</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000913.htm">Cancer treatment - preventing infection</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000826.htm">Cancer treatment: dealing with hot flashes and night sweats</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000840.htm">Cancer treatment: fertility and sexual side effects in women</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000901.htm">Cancer treatments</a></li><li><a href="article/007758.htm">Candida auris infection</a></li><li><a href="article/000880.htm">Candida infection of the skin</a></li><li><a href="article/002766.htm">Candles poisoning</a></li><li><a href="article/000998.htm">Canker sore</a></li><li><a href="article/003394.htm">Capillary nail refill test</a></li><li><a href="article/003427.htm">Capillary sample</a></li><li><a href="article/007642.htm">Capsule endoscopy</a></li><li><a href="article/001587.htm">Caput succedaneum</a></li><li><a href="article/002469.htm">Carbohydrates</a></li><li><a href="article/002890.htm">Carbolic acid poisoning</a></li><li><a href="article/002804.htm">Carbon monoxide poisoning</a></li><li><a href="article/000825.htm">Carbuncle</a></li><li><a href="article/000347.htm">Carcinoid syndrome</a></li><li><a href="article/007368.htm">Cardiac ablation procedures </a></li><li><a href="article/000193.htm">Cardiac amyloidosis</a></li><li><a href="article/007640.htm">Cardiac arrest</a></li><li><a href="article/003419.htm">Cardiac catheterization</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000096.htm">Cardiac catheterization - discharge </a></li><li><a href="article/007700.htm">Cardiac event monitors</a></li><li><a href="article/002581.htm">Cardiac glycoside overdose</a></li><li><a href="article/007266.htm">Cardiac intravascular ultrasound</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000791.htm">Cardiac rehabilitation</a></li><li><a href="article/000194.htm">Cardiac tamponade</a></li><li><a href="article/000185.htm">Cardiogenic shock</a></li><li><a href="article/001105.htm">Cardiomyopathy</a></li><li><a href="article/002310.htm">Cardiovascular</a></li><li><a href="article/007110.htm">Cardioversion</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000952.htm">Caregiving - medication management</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000954.htm">Caregiving - resources - older adults</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000953.htm">Caregiving - taking your loved one to the doctor</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000063.htm">Caring for muscle spasticity or spasms </a></li><li><a href="article/007427.htm">Carotid artery disease</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000717.htm">Carotid artery stenosis - self-care</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000238.htm">Carotid artery surgery - discharge</a></li><li><a href="article/002951.htm">Carotid artery surgery - open</a></li><li><a href="article/003774.htm">Carotid duplex</a></li><li><a href="article/003925.htm">Carpal tunnel biopsy</a></li><li><a href="article/002976.htm">Carpal tunnel release </a></li><li><a href="article/000433.htm">Carpal tunnel syndrome</a></li><li><a href="article/002768.htm">Castor oil overdose</a></li><li><a href="article/001614.htm">Cat-scratch disease</a></li><li><a href="article/001001.htm">Cataract - adult</a></li><li><a href="article/002957.htm">Cataract removal</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000210.htm">Cataracts - what to ask your doctor </a></li><li><a href="article/003561.htm">Catecholamine blood test</a></li><li><a href="article/003613.htm">Catecholamines - urine</a></li><li><a href="article/002860.htm">Caterpillars</a></li><li><a href="article/000483.htm">Catheter-related UTI</a></li><li><a href="article/002828.htm">Caulking compound poisoning</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000383.htm">Causes and risks for obesity in children</a></li><li><a href="article/001628.htm">Cavernous sinus thrombosis</a></li><li><a href="article/003642.htm">CBC blood test</a></li><li><a href="article/003574.htm">CEA blood test</a></li><li><a href="article/002769.htm">Cedar leaf oil poisoning</a></li><li><a href="article/000233.htm">Celiac disease sprue</a></li><li><a href="article/002443.htm">Celiac disease - nutritional considerations</a></li><li><a href="article/002194.htm">Celiac disease - resources</a></li><li><a href="article/007151.htm">Cell phones and cancer</a></li><li><a href="article/002033.htm">Cellulite</a></li><li><a href="article/000855.htm">Cellulitis</a></li><li><a href="article/002842.htm">Centipede</a></li><li><a href="article/000460.htm">Central diabetes insipidus</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000474.htm">Central line infections - hospitals</a></li><li><a href="article/002311.htm">Central nervous system</a></li><li><a href="article/001612.htm">Central serous choroidopathy</a></li><li><a href="article/003997.htm">Central sleep apnea</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000156.htm">Central venous catheter - dressing change</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000157.htm">Central venous catheter - flushing </a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000491.htm">Central venous catheters - ports</a></li><li><a href="article/007246.htm">Central venous line - infants</a></li><li><a href="article/000719.htm">Cerebral amyloid angiopathy</a></li><li><a href="article/003799.htm">Cerebral angiography</a></li><li><a href="article/000779.htm">Cerebral arteriovenous malformation</a></li><li><a href="article/001435.htm">Cerebral hypoxia</a></li><li><a href="article/000716.htm">Cerebral palsy</a></li><li><a href="article/002167.htm">Cerebral palsy - resources</a></li><li><a href="article/003428.htm">Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collection</a></li><li><a href="article/003769.htm">Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture</a></li><li><a href="article/002000.htm">Certified nurse-midwife</a></li><li><a href="article/003662.htm">Ceruloplasmin blood test</a></li><li><a href="article/000893.htm">Cervical cancer</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000419.htm">Cervical cancer - screening and prevention</a></li><li><a href="article/001491.htm">Cervical dysplasia</a></li><li><a href="article/007354.htm">Cervical MRI scan</a></li><li><a href="article/001494.htm">Cervical polyps</a></li><li><a href="article/007351.htm">Cervical spine CT scan</a></li><li><a href="article/000436.htm">Cervical spondylosis</a></li><li><a href="article/001495.htm">Cervicitis</a></li><li><a href="article/002317.htm">Cervix</a></li><li><a href="article/002917.htm">Cervix cryosurgery</a></li><li><a href="article/002034.htm">Chafing</a></li><li><a href="article/001372.htm">Chagas disease</a></li><li><a href="article/001006.htm">Chalazion</a></li><li><a href="article/000635.htm">Chancroid</a></li><li><a href="article/002395.htm">Changes in the newborn at birth</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000204.htm">Changing your ostomy pouch</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000757.htm">Changing your sleep habits</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000478.htm">Changing your urostomy pouch</a></li><li><a href="article/002035.htm">Chapped hands</a></li><li><a href="article/002036.htm">Chapped lips</a></li><li><a href="article/007748.htm">Charcot foot</a></li><li><a href="article/000727.htm">Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease</a></li><li><a href="article/002066.htm">Charley horse </a></li><li><a href="article/001312.htm">Chediak-Higashi syndrome</a></li><li><a href="article/000059.htm">Chemical burn or reaction</a></li><li><a href="article/002169.htm">Chemical dependence - resources</a></li><li><a href="article/000143.htm">Chemical pneumonitis</a></li><li><a href="article/003038.htm">Chemosis</a></li><li><a href="article/002324.htm">Chemotherapy</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000185.htm">Chemotherapy - what to ask your doctor</a></li><li><a href="article/001441.htm">Cherry angioma</a></li><li><a href="article/003788.htm">Chest CT</a></li><li><a href="article/003794.htm">Chest MRI</a></li><li><a href="article/003079.htm">Chest pain</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000057.htm">Chest radiation - discharge</a></li><li><a href="article/002947.htm">Chest tube insertion</a></li><li><a href="article/003804.htm">Chest x-ray</a></li><li><a href="article/002067.htm">Chicken soup and sickness</a></li><li><a href="article/001592.htm">Chickenpox</a></li><li><a href="article/001333.htm">Chiggers</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000821.htm">Chikungunya virus</a></li><li><a href="article/007225.htm">Child neglect and emotional abuse</a></li><li><a href="article/001552.htm">Child physical abuse</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000670.htm">Child safety seats</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000749.htm">Children and grief</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000841.htm">Children's cancer centers</a></li><li><a href="article/003091.htm">Chills</a></li><li><a href="article/002986.htm">Chin augmentation</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000416.htm">Chiropractic care for back pain</a></li><li><a href="article/002001.htm">Chiropractor profession</a></li><li><a href="article/001345.htm">Chlamydia</a></li><li><a href="article/000660.htm">Chlamydia infections in women</a></li><li><a href="article/000659.htm">Chlamydial infections - male</a></li><li><a href="article/002607.htm">Chlordiazepoxide overdose</a></li><li><a href="article/003601.htm">Chloride - urine test</a></li><li><a href="article/002417.htm">Chloride in diet</a></li><li><a href="article/003485.htm">Chloride test - blood</a></li><li><a href="article/002773.htm">Chlorinated lime poisoning</a></li><li><a href="article/002772.htm">Chlorine poisoning</a></li><li><a href="article/002893.htm">Chlorophyll poisoning</a></li><li><a href="article/002608.htm">Chlorpromazine overdose</a></li><li><a href="article/001642.htm">Choanal atresia</a></li><li><a href="article/000049.htm">Choking - adult or child over 1 year</a></li><li><a href="article/000048.htm">Choking - infant under 1 year</a></li><li><a href="article/000051.htm">Choking - unconscious adult or child over 1 year</a></li><li><a href="article/000291.htm">Cholangiocarcinoma</a></li><li><a href="article/000290.htm">Cholangitis</a></li><li><a href="article/000274.htm">Choledocholithiasis</a></li><li><a href="article/000303.htm">Cholera</a></li><li><a href="article/000215.htm">Cholestasis</a></li><li><a href="article/001050.htm">Cholesteatoma</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000314.htm">Cholesterol - drug treatment</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000211.htm">Cholesterol - what to ask your doctor </a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000099.htm">Cholesterol and lifestyle</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000386.htm">Cholesterol testing and results</a></li><li><a href="article/003358.htm">Cholinesterase - blood</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000928.htm">Choosing a doctor and hospital for your cancer treatment</a></li><li><a href="article/001939.htm">Choosing a primary care provider</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000436.htm">Choosing a skilled nursing and rehabilitation facility</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000455.htm">Choosing effective patient education materials</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000596.htm">Choosing the right health care provider for pregnancy and childbirth</a></li><li><a href="article/001496.htm">Choriocarcinoma</a></li><li><a href="article/003406.htm">Chorionic villus sampling</a></li><li><a href="article/002318.htm">Choroid</a></li><li><a href="article/000595.htm">Choroidal dystrophies</a></li><li><a href="article/002325.htm">Chromatography</a></li><li><a href="article/003359.htm">Chromium - blood test</a></li><li><a href="article/002418.htm">Chromium in diet</a></li><li><a href="article/002327.htm">Chromosome</a></li><li><a href="article/002312.htm">Chronic</a></li><li><a href="article/000217.htm">Chronic cholecystitis</a></li><li><a href="article/002168.htm">Chronic fatigue syndrome - resources</a></li><li><a href="article/001239.htm">Chronic granulomatous disease</a></li><li><a href="article/000777.htm">Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy</a></li><li><a href="article/000471.htm">Chronic kidney disease</a></li><li><a href="article/000532.htm">Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)</a></li><li><a href="article/000745.htm">Chronic motor or vocal tic disorder</a></li><li><a href="article/000570.htm">Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000009.htm">Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - adults - discharge</a></li><li><a href="article/000091.htm">Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)</a></li><li><a href="article/002164.htm">Chronic pain - resources</a></li><li><a href="article/000221.htm">Chronic pancreatitis</a></li><li><a href="article/000781.htm">Chronic subdural hematoma</a></li><li><a href="article/000371.htm">Chronic thyroiditis (Hashimoto disease)</a></li><li><a href="article/000405.htm">Chylomicronemia syndrome</a></li><li><a href="article/002319.htm">Ciliary body</a></li><li><a href="article/002998.htm">Circumcision</a></li><li><a href="article/000255.htm">Cirrhosis</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000290.htm">Cirrhosis - discharge</a></li><li><a href="article/003618.htm">Citric acid urine test</a></li><li><a href="article/003168.htm">Claw foot</a></li><li><a href="article/003169.htm">Claw hand</a></li><li><a href="article/007487.htm">Clean catch urine sample</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000443.htm">Cleaning supplies and equipment</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000454.htm">Cleaning to prevent the spread of germs</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000205.htm">Clear liquid diet</a></li><li><a href="article/001051.htm">Cleft lip and palate</a></li><li><a href="article/002979.htm">Cleft lip and palate repair</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000004.htm">Cleft lip and palate repair - discharge </a></li><li><a href="article/002165.htm">Cleft palate - resources</a></li><li><a href="article/001589.htm">Cleidocranial dysostosis</a></li><li><a href="article/002611.htm">Clinitest tablets poisoning</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000521.htm">Closed reduction of a fractured bone</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000522.htm">Closed reduction of a fractured bone - aftercare</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000039.htm">Closed suction drain with bulb</a></li><li><a href="article/002784.htm">Cloth dye poisoning</a></li><li><a href="article/003317.htm">Cloudy cornea</a></li><li><a href="article/003282.htm">Clubbing of the fingers or toes</a></li><li><a href="article/001228.htm">Clubfoot</a></li><li><a href="article/002964.htm">Clubfoot repair</a></li><li><a href="article/000786.htm">Cluster headache</a></li><li><a href="article/000667.htm">CMV - gastroenteritis/colitis</a></li><li><a href="article/003546.htm">CMV blood test</a></li><li><a href="article/000664.htm">CMV pneumonia</a></li><li><a href="article/000665.htm">CMV retinitis</a></li><li><a href="article/003469.htm">CO2 blood test</a></li><li><a href="article/000130.htm">Coal worker's pneumoconiosis</a></li><li><a href="article/000191.htm">Coarctation of the aorta</a></li><li><a href="article/002495.htm">Cobalt poisoning</a></li><li><a href="article/000946.htm">Cocaine intoxication</a></li><li><a href="article/000947.htm">Cocaine withdrawal</a></li><li><a href="article/003547.htm">Coccidioides complement fixation</a></li><li><a href="article/003525.htm">Coccidioides precipitin test</a></li><li><a href="article/007203.htm">Cochlear implant</a></li><li><a href="article/002613.htm">Codeine overdose</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000415.htm">Cognitive behavioral therapy for back pain</a></li><li><a href="article/003095.htm">Cold intolerance</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000942.htm">Cold medicines and children</a></li><li><a href="article/002693.htm">Cold wave lotion poisoning</a></li><li><a href="article/002070.htm">Colds and flu antibiotics</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000249.htm">Colds and the flu - what to ask your doctor - adult</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000250.htm">Colds and the flu - what to ask your doctor - child</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000753.htm">Colic and crying - self-care</a></li><li><a href="article/001125.htm">Colitis</a></li><li><a href="article/001223.htm">Collagen vascular disease</a></li><li><a href="article/000087.htm">Collapsed lung (pneumothorax)</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000671.htm">Collateral ligament (CL) injury - aftercare</a></li><li><a href="article/007446.htm">College students and the flu</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000896.htm">Colles wrist fracture - aftercare</a></li><li><a href="article/003318.htm">Coloboma of the iris</a></li><li><a href="article/002694.htm">Cologne poisoning</a></li><li><a href="article/007747.htm">Cologuard</a></li><li><a href="article/002071.htm">Colon cancer screening</a></li><li><a href="article/003886.htm">Colonoscopy</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000897.htm">Colonoscopy discharge</a></li><li><a href="article/001002.htm">Color blindness</a></li><li><a href="article/003387.htm">Color vision test</a></li><li><a href="article/000675.htm">Colorado tick fever</a></li><li><a href="article/000262.htm">Colorectal cancer</a></li><li><a href="article/007006.htm">Colorectal cancer - resources</a></li><li><a href="article/000266.htm">Colorectal polyps</a></li><li><a href="article/002942.htm">Colostomy</a></li><li><a href="article/003913.htm">Colposcopy - directed biopsy</a></li><li><a href="article/003236.htm">Comedones</a></li><li><a href="article/000678.htm">Common cold</a></li><li><a href="article/000791.htm">Common peroneal nerve dysfunction</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000583.htm">Common symptoms during pregnancy</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000456.htm">Communicating with patients </a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000024.htm">Communicating with someone with aphasia</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000033.htm">Communicating with someone with dysarthria</a></li><li><a href="article/000145.htm">Community-acquired pneumonia in adults</a></li><li><a href="article/001224.htm">Compartment syndrome</a></li><li><a href="article/003456.htm">Complement</a></li><li><a href="article/003539.htm">Complement component 3 (C3)</a></li><li><a href="article/003354.htm">Complement component 4</a></li><li><a href="article/003520.htm">Complement fixation test to C burnetii</a></li><li><a href="article/007184.htm">Complex regional pain syndrome</a></li><li><a href="article/003468.htm">Comprehensive metabolic panel</a></li><li><a href="article/000443.htm">Compression fractures of the back</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000597.htm">Compression stockings</a></li><li><a href="article/001520.htm">Compulsive gambling</a></li><li><a href="article/002313.htm">Concomitant</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000126.htm">Concussion in adults - discharge</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000212.htm">Concussion in adults - what to ask your doctor</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000125.htm">Concussion in children - discharge</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000213.htm">Concussion in children - what to ask your doctor</a></li><li><a href="article/004001.htm">Condoms - male</a></li><li><a href="article/000919.htm">Conduct disorder</a></li><li><a href="article/003910.htm">Cone biopsy</a></li><li><a href="article/003205.htm">Confusion</a></li><li><a href="article/000411.htm">Congenital adrenal hyperplasia</a></li><li><a href="article/000558.htm">Congenital antithrombin III deficiency</a></li><li><a href="article/001615.htm">Congenital cataract</a></li><li><a href="article/001343.htm">Congenital cytomegalovirus</a></li><li><a href="article/002936.htm">Congenital diaphragmatic hernia repair</a></li><li><a href="article/001313.htm">Congenital fibrinogen deficiency</a></li><li><a href="article/002948.htm">Congenital heart defect - corrective surgery</a></li><li><a href="article/001114.htm">Congenital heart disease</a></li><li><a href="article/001576.htm">Congenital nephrotic syndrome</a></li><li><a href="article/000582.htm">Congenital platelet function defects</a></li><li><a href="article/000559.htm">Congenital protein C or S deficiency</a></li><li><a href="article/001658.htm">Congenital rubella</a></li><li><a href="article/001344.htm">Congenital syphilis</a></li><li><a href="article/001360.htm">Congenital toxoplasmosis</a></li><li><a href="article/002326.htm">Conjunctiva</a></li><li><a href="article/001010.htm">Conjunctivitis or pink eye</a></li><li><a href="article/007409.htm">Conscious sedation for surgical procedures</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000958.htm">Considering plastic surgery after a large weight loss</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000120.htm">Constipation - self-care</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000214.htm">Constipation - what to ask your doctor</a></li><li><a href="article/003125.htm">Constipation in infants and children</a></li><li><a href="article/001947.htm">Consumer rights and protections</a></li><li><a href="article/002616.htm">Contac overdose</a></li><li><a href="article/000869.htm">Contact dermatitis</a></li><li><a href="article/003185.htm">Contracture deformity</a></li><li><a href="article/002314.htm">Contraindication</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000101.htm">Controlling your high blood pressure</a></li><li><a href="article/002461.htm">Cooking utensils and nutrition</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000760.htm">Cooking without salt</a></li><li><a href="article/003344.htm">Coombs test</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000025.htm">COPD - control drugs</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000700.htm">COPD - managing stress and your mood</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000026.htm">COPD - quick-relief drugs</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000215.htm">COPD - what to ask your doctor </a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000701.htm">COPD and other health problems</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000698.htm">COPD flare-ups</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000917.htm">Coping with cancer - finding the support you need</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000914.htm">Coping with cancer - hair loss</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000915.htm">Coping with cancer - looking and feeling your best</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000916.htm">Coping with cancer - managing fatigue</a></li><li><a href="article/002419.htm">Copper in diet</a></li><li><a href="article/002496.htm">Copper poisoning</a></li><li><a href="article/000129.htm">Cor pulmonale</a></li><li><a href="article/003403.htm">Cord blood testing</a></li><li><a href="article/001017.htm">Corneal injury</a></li><li><a href="article/003008.htm">Corneal transplant</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000243.htm">Corneal transplant - discharge </a></li><li><a href="article/001032.htm">Corneal ulcers and infections</a></li><li><a href="article/001232.htm">Corns and calluses</a></li><li><a href="article/003876.htm">Coronary angiography</a></li><li><a href="article/007315.htm">Coronary artery fistula</a></li><li><a href="article/000159.htm">Coronary artery spasm</a></li><li><a href="article/007115.htm">Coronary heart disease</a></li><li><a href="article/007767.htm">Coronavirus</a></li><li><a href="article/007768.htm">Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)</a></li><li><a href="article/002582.htm">Corticosteroids overdose</a></li><li><a href="article/003693.htm">Cortisol blood test</a></li><li><a href="article/003703.htm">Cortisol urine test</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000273.htm">Cosmetic breast surgery - discharge</a></li><li><a href="article/002988.htm">Cosmetic ear surgery</a></li><li><a href="article/000164.htm">Costochondritis</a></li><li><a href="article/003072.htm">Cough</a></li><li><a href="article/003073.htm">Coughing up blood</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000722.htm">Could you have low testosterone?</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000321.htm">Counting carbohydrates</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000975.htm">COVID-19 what to do when you are sick</a></li><li><a href="article/007773.htm">COVID-19 antibody test</a></li><li><a href="article/007770.htm">COVID-19 symptoms</a></li><li><a href="article/007804.htm">COVID-19 vaccine - what you need to know</a></li><li><a href="article/007775.htm">COVID-19 vaccines</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000983.htm">COVID-19 vaccines - what to expect</a></li><li><a href="article/007780.htm">COVID-19 vaccines for children ages 6 months and older</a></li><li><a href="article/007769.htm">COVID-19 virus test</a></li><li><a href="article/002448.htm">Cow's milk - infants</a></li><li><a href="article/001973.htm">Cow's milk and children</a></li><li><a href="article/003504.htm">CPK isoenzymes test</a></li><li><a href="article/000010.htm">CPR</a></li><li><a href="article/000013.htm">CPR - adult and child after onset of puberty</a></li><li><a href="article/000011.htm">CPR - infant</a></li><li><a href="article/000012.htm">CPR - young child (age 1 year to onset of puberty)</a></li><li><a href="article/007582.htm">Cradle cap</a></li><li><a href="article/000698.htm">Cranial mononeuropathy III</a></li><li><a href="article/000692.htm">Cranial mononeuropathy III - diabetic type</a></li><li><a href="article/000690.htm">Cranial mononeuropathy VI</a></li><li><a href="article/002320.htm">Cranial sutures</a></li><li><a href="article/000345.htm">Craniopharyngioma</a></li><li><a href="article/001590.htm">Craniosynostosis</a></li><li><a href="article/007364.htm">Craniosynostosis repair</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000067.htm">Craniosynostosis repair - discharge </a></li><li><a href="article/001591.htm">Craniotabes</a></li><li><a href="article/003503.htm">Creatine phosphokinase test</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000947.htm">Creating a family health history</a></li><li><a href="article/003475.htm">Creatinine blood test</a></li><li><a href="article/003611.htm">Creatinine clearance test</a></li><li><a href="article/003610.htm">Creatinine urine test</a></li><li><a href="article/001454.htm">Creeping eruption</a></li><li><a href="article/000788.htm">Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease</a></li><li><a href="article/001593.htm">Cri du chat syndrome</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000542.htm">Cribs and crib safety</a></li><li><a href="article/001127.htm">Crigler-Najjar syndrome</a></li><li><a href="article/000249.htm">Crohn disease</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000937.htm">Crohn disease - children - discharge</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000194.htm">Crohn disease - discharge</a></li><li><a href="article/000959.htm">Croup</a></li><li><a href="article/000024.htm">Crush injury</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000640.htm">Crutches and children - proper fit and safety tips</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000642.htm">Crutches and children - sitting and getting up from a chair</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000643.htm">Crutches and children - stairs</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000641.htm">Crutches and children - standing and walking</a></li><li><a href="article/002396.htm">Crying in childhood</a></li><li><a href="article/002397.htm">Crying in infancy</a></li><li><a href="article/000540.htm">Cryoglobulinemia</a></li><li><a href="article/003555.htm">Cryoglobulins</a></li><li><a href="patientinstructions/000907.htm">Cryotherapy for prostate cancer</a></li><li><a href="article/007506.htm">Cryotherapy for the skin</a></li><li><a href="article/001328.htm">Cryptococcosis</a></li><li><a href="article/000617.htm">Cryptosporidium enteritis</a></li><li><a href="article/003369.htm">CSF analysis</a></li><li><a href="article/003625.htm">CSF cell count</a></li><li><a href="article/003526.htm">CSF coccidioides complement fixation test</a></li><li><a href="article/003633.htm">CSF glucose test</a></li><li><a href="article/001068.htm">CSF leak</a></li><li><a href="article/003370.htm">CSF myelin basic protein</a></li><li><a href="article/003631.htm">CSF oligoclonal banding</a></li><li><a href="article/003768.htm">CSF smear</a></li><li><a href="article/003628.htm">CSF total protein</a></li><li><a href="article/003623.htm">CSF-VDRL test</a></li><li><a href="article/007676.htm">CT angiography chest</a></li><li><a href="article/007674.htm">CT angiography - abdomen and pelvis</a></li><li><a href="article/007675.htm">CT angiography - arms and legs</a></li><li><a href="article/007677.htm">CT angiography - head and neck</a></li><li><a href="article/003330.htm">CT scan</a></li><li><a href="article/003919.htm">Culdocentesis</a></li><li><a href="article/003733.htm">Culture - colonic tissue </a></li><li><a href="article/003730.htm">Culture - duodenal tissue</a></li><li><a href="article/000657.htm">Culture-negative endocarditis</a></li><li><a href="article/001278.htm">Curvature of the penis</a></li><li><a href="article/000348.htm">Cushing disease</a></li><li><a href="article/000410.htm">Cushing syndrome</a></li><li><a href="article/000407.htm">Cushing syndrome due to adrenal tumor</a></li><li><a href="article/000848.htm">Cutaneous skin tag</a></li><li><a href="article/002695.htm">Cuticle remover poisoning</a></li><li><a href="article/000043.htm">Cuts and puncture wounds</a></li><li><a href="article/002894.htm">Cyanoacrylates poisoning</a></li><li><a href="article/001104.htm">Cyanotic heart disease</a></li><li><a href="article/001550.htm">Cyclothymic disorder</a></li><li><a href="article/002617.htm">Cyproheptadine overdose</a></li><li><a href="article/003240.htm">Cyst</a></li><li><a href="article/000107.htm">Cystic fibrosis</a></li><li><a href="article/002437.htm">Cystic fibrosis - nutrition</a></li><li><a href="article/002176.htm">Cystic fibrosis - resources</a></li><li><a href="article/000148.htm">Cystic hygroma</a></li><li><a href="article/000627.htm">Cysticercosis</a></li><li><a href="article/000346.htm">Cystinuria</a></li><li><a href="article/000526.htm">Cystitis - acute</a></li><li><a href="article/000514.htm">Cystitis - noninfectious</a></li><li><a href="article/003904.htm">Cystometric study</a></li><li><a href="article/003903.htm">Cystoscopy</a></li><li><a href="article/002315.htm">Cytochrome b5 reductase</a></li><li><a href="article/002323.htm">Cytologic evaluation</a></li><li><a href="article/003866.htm">Cytology exam of pleural fluid</a></li><li><a href="article/003905.htm">Cytology exam of urine</a></li><li><a href="article/000568.htm">Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection</a></li></ul></div></article>
</div>
<footer>
<div class="provider-box group">
<div class="urac-logo">
<a href="https://accreditnet.urac.org/directory/#/certification/HCP-2/info"><img src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/CertifiedSeal.png"/></a>
<p class="urac-logo-info">Health Content Provider<br>06/01/2025</p>
</div>
<p class="adam-info">
<a href='javascript:urac_open();'>A.D.A.M., Inc. is accredited by URAC</a>, for Health Content Provider (www.urac.org). URAC's <a href='javascript:hwsopen();'>accreditation program</a> is an independent audit to verify that A.D.A.M. follows rigorous standards of quality and accountability. A.D.A.M. is among the first to achieve this important distinction for online health information and services. Learn more about A.D.A.M.'s <a href='javascript:edpolopen();'>editorial policy, editorial process</a>, and <a href='javascript:ppopen();'>privacy policy</a>. A.D.A.M. is also a founding member of Hi-Ethics. This site complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information: <a href='javascript:honc_open();'>verify here</a>.
</p>
</div>
<p class="adam-info">
The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed medical professional should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Links to other sites are provided for information only they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. No warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, is made as to the accuracy, reliability, timeliness, or correctness of any translations made by a third-party service of the information provided herein into any other language. © 1997-2025 A.D.A.M., a business unit of Ebix, Inc. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited.
</p>
<div class="adam-logo">
<a href="https://www.adam.com/about" target="_blank"><img width="49" height="10" alt="About A.D.A.M." src="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/ftrAdamlogo.gif"/></a>
</div>
<div id="mplus-footer">
<div class="footer1">
<ul class="secondarynav">
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/about/">About MedlinePlus</a></li>
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/whatsnew/">What's New</a></li>
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sitemap.html">Site Map</a></li>
<li><a name="contact" target="_blank" href="https://support.nlm.nih.gov/knowledgebase/category/?id=CAT-01231&amp;category=medlineplus&amp;from="><span>Customer Support</span></a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="follow-footer">
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rss.html" class="follow-item">Subscribe to RSS<img src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/feed.png" class="social-media-toolkit-icon" alt="RSS" title="RSS"></a></li>
<li><span class="follow-label">Follow us</span>
<a href="https://twitter.com/medlineplus" class="follow-item" target="_blank"><img src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/i_share_twitter.png" class="follow-icon" alt="X" title="X"></a>
<a href="https://facebook.com/Mplus.gov/" class="follow-item" target="_blank"><img src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/i_share_fb.png" class="follow-icon" alt="Facebook" title="Facebook"></a>
<a href="https://www.instagram.com/mplusgov/" class="follow-item" target="_blank"><img src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/Instagram_Glyph_Gradient_RGB.png" class="follow-icon" alt="Instagram" title="Instagram"></a>
</li>
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/social-media-toolkit/" class="social-media-toolkit-item">Social Media Toolkit<img src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/i_social_media_toolkit.png" class="social-media-toolkit-icon" alt="Social Media Toolkit" title="Social Media Toolkit"></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="footer2">
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/web_policies.html" target="_blank">NLM Web Policies</a></li>
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/about/using/usingcontent/" >Copyright</a></li>
<li><a href="//medlineplus.gov/accessibility.html">Accessibility</a></li>
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/about/using/criteria/">Guidelines for Links</a></li>
<li><a href="//medlineplus.gov/plugins.html">Viewers &amp; Players</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.hhs.gov/vulnerability-disclosure-policy/index.html" target="_blank">HHS Vulnerability Disclosure</a></li>
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/medlineplus-connect/">MedlinePlus Connect for EHRs</a></li>
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/about/developers/">For Developers</a></li>
</ul>
<div class="address">
<a href="//www.nlm.nih.gov" target="_blank">National Library of Medicine</a>
<span>8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894</span>
<a href="//www.hhs.gov" target="_blank">U.S. Department of Health and Human Services</a>
<a href="//www.nih.gov" target="_blank">National Institutes of Health</a>
</div>
<div class="return-top"><a href="#top" title="Return to top"><img class="return-top-icon" alt="Return to top" src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/return-top.png"></a></div>
</div>
</div>
</footer>
</div><!-- End Wrap -->
<script src="https://medlineplus.gov/jslib/jquery-3.6.0.min.js" type="text/javascript">
</script>
<script src="https://medlineplus.gov/jslib/mplus-frontend-controls.js" type="text/javascript">
</script>
<!--[if lte IE 9]>
<script src="https://medlineplus.gov/jslib/jquery.placeholder.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<![endif]-->
<script src="https://medlineplus.gov/jslib/mplus-share.js?id=1112022" type="text/javascript">
</script>
<script src="https://medlineplus.gov/jslib/control.js" type="text/javascript">
</script>
<script src="https://medlineplus.gov/uswds/js/uswds.min.js" type="text/javascript">
</script>
<script src="https://medlineplus.gov/jslib/ency/ency.js" type="text/javascript">
</script>
</body>
</html>